Summary Luther – A Competent Economist? The Monetary Origins of the German Reformation The following article studies Martin Luther’s contribution to modern economic thought as well as – by the same token – the monetary origins of the German Reformation. Contrary to conventional wisdom, Luther made a valuable contribution to economic theory, particularly with regard to the monetary situation of his age, mainly silver scarcity and related problems. Luther and other theologians and pamphleteers during the early Reformation never ceased to stress the problems that related to the scarcity of silver and the practice of hoarding of money – a concern found in older discourses as well as later economic theory of the modern age, up to twentieth-century ‘Keynesian’ economics. The first section discusses those cornerstones of Luther’s biography that are relevant in the present context (I.). The second section briefly discusses how modern economics has evolved into a very peculiar science and how Luther may be placed ...
{"title":"Luther – Ein tüchtiger Ökonom? Über die monetären Ursprünge der Deutschen Reformation","authors":"P. Rössner","doi":"10.3790/ZHF.42.1.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3790/ZHF.42.1.37","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Luther – A Competent Economist? The Monetary Origins of the German Reformation The following article studies Martin Luther’s contribution to modern economic thought as well as – by the same token – the monetary origins of the German Reformation. Contrary to conventional wisdom, Luther made a valuable contribution to economic theory, particularly with regard to the monetary situation of his age, mainly silver scarcity and related problems. Luther and other theologians and pamphleteers during the early Reformation never ceased to stress the problems that related to the scarcity of silver and the practice of hoarding of money – a concern found in older discourses as well as later economic theory of the modern age, up to twentieth-century ‘Keynesian’ economics. The first section discusses those cornerstones of Luther’s biography that are relevant in the present context (I.). The second section briefly discusses how modern economics has evolved into a very peculiar science and how Luther may be placed ...","PeriodicalId":54000,"journal":{"name":"ZEITSCHRIFT FUR HISTORISCHE FORSCHUNG","volume":"102 1","pages":"37-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2015-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75708256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Rezension zu: Catherine of Siena. The creation of a cult","authors":"Sabine Sommerer","doi":"10.3790/zhf.42.4.675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3790/zhf.42.4.675","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54000,"journal":{"name":"ZEITSCHRIFT FUR HISTORISCHE FORSCHUNG","volume":"38 1","pages":"705-705"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81172890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zusammenfassung Konversionen von Protestanten zum Katholizismus im syrisch-palastinensischen Raum (17. Jahrhundert) Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht Konversionen von Protestanten zum Katholizismus im syrisch-palastinensischen Raum in der ersten Halfte des 17. Jahrhunderts auf der Basis von Quellen franziskanischer Provenienz. Die Konversionsforschung betont immer wieder die Integrationsfunktion von Glaubensubertritten. In den untersuchten Fallen dienten Konversionen jedoch nicht der Integration in eine Gesellschaft mehrheitlich anderen Glaubens, sondern sind auf ganz konkrete Bedurfnisse zuruckzufuhren, die das Reisen in einem fremden Land mit sich brachte. Der Beitrag zeigt, dass die Glaubensubertritte eng mit der starken Prasenz des Franziskanerordens in dieser Region zusammenhingen. Die Monche boten den Protestanten, die als Kaufleute oder Reisende in einem fremden Land unterwegs waren, in Notlagen Beistand und halfen ihnen in vielfacher Hinsicht. In den untersuchten Fallen waren die Konversionen dur...
{"title":"Protestants’ Conversions to Catholicism in the Syro-Palestinian Region (17th Century)","authors":"F. Tramontana","doi":"10.3790/ZHF.41.3.401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3790/ZHF.41.3.401","url":null,"abstract":"Zusammenfassung Konversionen von Protestanten zum Katholizismus im syrisch-palastinensischen Raum (17. Jahrhundert) Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht Konversionen von Protestanten zum Katholizismus im syrisch-palastinensischen Raum in der ersten Halfte des 17. Jahrhunderts auf der Basis von Quellen franziskanischer Provenienz. Die Konversionsforschung betont immer wieder die Integrationsfunktion von Glaubensubertritten. In den untersuchten Fallen dienten Konversionen jedoch nicht der Integration in eine Gesellschaft mehrheitlich anderen Glaubens, sondern sind auf ganz konkrete Bedurfnisse zuruckzufuhren, die das Reisen in einem fremden Land mit sich brachte. Der Beitrag zeigt, dass die Glaubensubertritte eng mit der starken Prasenz des Franziskanerordens in dieser Region zusammenhingen. Die Monche boten den Protestanten, die als Kaufleute oder Reisende in einem fremden Land unterwegs waren, in Notlagen Beistand und halfen ihnen in vielfacher Hinsicht. In den untersuchten Fallen waren die Konversionen dur...","PeriodicalId":54000,"journal":{"name":"ZEITSCHRIFT FUR HISTORISCHE FORSCHUNG","volume":"13 1","pages":"401-422"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2014-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76760603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary The Presence of Absence. Catacombs, Mummies, Urns – the Exploration of the Underground as an Archive of History This article re-examines the antiquarian exploration of the subterranean world as an archive of history. It shows that the epistemology of the antiquarian historiography is far more complex than was assumed in Early Modern historiography. This thesis is demonstrated by case studies drawn from the 16th to the early 18th century extending from different editions of Antonio Bosio’s „Roma sotterranea“ and the works of Thomas Browne up until Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz’ „Protogaea“ and the natural historians of the early 18th century and then, finally, back to Bosio’s epochal work on Roman catacombs. It can be seen that the engravings he had planned for the publication of „Roma sotterranea“ showed the subterranean graves empty and without images of historical scenes. Yet, the orthodox Oratorians who published Bosio’s work posthumously refilled the catacombs with relics of martyrs and praying pi...
{"title":"Die Anwesenheit der Abwesenheit : Katakomben, Mumien, Urnen – die Erforschung des Unterirdischen als Archiv der Geschichte","authors":"Michael Kempe","doi":"10.3790/ZHF.41.3.423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3790/ZHF.41.3.423","url":null,"abstract":"Summary The Presence of Absence. Catacombs, Mummies, Urns – the Exploration of the Underground as an Archive of History This article re-examines the antiquarian exploration of the subterranean world as an archive of history. It shows that the epistemology of the antiquarian historiography is far more complex than was assumed in Early Modern historiography. This thesis is demonstrated by case studies drawn from the 16th to the early 18th century extending from different editions of Antonio Bosio’s „Roma sotterranea“ and the works of Thomas Browne up until Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz’ „Protogaea“ and the natural historians of the early 18th century and then, finally, back to Bosio’s epochal work on Roman catacombs. It can be seen that the engravings he had planned for the publication of „Roma sotterranea“ showed the subterranean graves empty and without images of historical scenes. Yet, the orthodox Oratorians who published Bosio’s work posthumously refilled the catacombs with relics of martyrs and praying pi...","PeriodicalId":54000,"journal":{"name":"ZEITSCHRIFT FUR HISTORISCHE FORSCHUNG","volume":"14 1","pages":"423-447"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2014-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74326231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary Financial Transactions by Appointment of the King. Eberhard Windeck, Bruges, Lubeck and King Sigmund (1415–1417) In 1416, during a tour of Western Europe, Sigmund, King of the Romans since 1411, had to pawn precious gifts from the English King Henry V at the Bruges money market to cover his travel expenses. Seen through the eyes of Sigmund’s biographer Eberhard Windeck, this rather common episode in the conduct of royal finances represents an instance of the rarely explored history of royal budgets in the 15th century. Other royal instruments of revenue, e. g. customs duties and dues from imperial cities, were vastly impawned. The lack of general taxes was the gravest systemic deficiency of the elective monarchy in the Empire – certainly in comparison to England and France. This instance of royal creation of credit by pawn also displays King Sigmund’s influence on the ongoing crisis of communal leadership within the imperial and Hanseatic city of Lubeck, as well as the largely fiscal nature of roy...
{"title":"Geldgeschäfte im Auftrag des römischen Königs. Eberhard Windeck, Brügge, Lübeck und König Sigmund (1415 – 1417)","authors":"Gerhard Fouquet","doi":"10.3790/ZHF.41.3.375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3790/ZHF.41.3.375","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Financial Transactions by Appointment of the King. Eberhard Windeck, Bruges, Lubeck and King Sigmund (1415–1417) In 1416, during a tour of Western Europe, Sigmund, King of the Romans since 1411, had to pawn precious gifts from the English King Henry V at the Bruges money market to cover his travel expenses. Seen through the eyes of Sigmund’s biographer Eberhard Windeck, this rather common episode in the conduct of royal finances represents an instance of the rarely explored history of royal budgets in the 15th century. Other royal instruments of revenue, e. g. customs duties and dues from imperial cities, were vastly impawned. The lack of general taxes was the gravest systemic deficiency of the elective monarchy in the Empire – certainly in comparison to England and France. This instance of royal creation of credit by pawn also displays King Sigmund’s influence on the ongoing crisis of communal leadership within the imperial and Hanseatic city of Lubeck, as well as the largely fiscal nature of roy...","PeriodicalId":54000,"journal":{"name":"ZEITSCHRIFT FUR HISTORISCHE FORSCHUNG","volume":"28 1","pages":"375-399"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2014-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88123379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary Le heros de toutes les saisons. Praise of the Monarch and Political Reflexions in Madeleine de Scudery’s Novel „La Promenade de Versailles“ (1669) Hitherto, historians have hardly ever dealt with Mlle de Scudery’s writings and their significance for the royal propaganda policy, especially in the 1660’s. Using the example of her novel „La Promenade de Versailles“ the article provides the first detailed discussion of Mlle de Scudery’s political reflections and beliefs as well as her encomia of the monarchy and the sovereign. First, the article shows how the book has to be interpreted in light of the historical and literary background of the time and how it corresponds to the complete works of Mlle de Scudery. Then, concrete political respectively monarchal aspects of the novel are analysed as well as the way in which Louis XIV is presented. Consequently, it can be shown that, in literary terms, „La Promenade de Versailles“ is not only a unique and successful synthesis of aesthetic, gallant and polit...
Le heros de toutes les saisons。马德琳·德·斯库德里小说《凡尔赛散步》(1669)中的君主赞扬与政治反思迄今为止，历史学家几乎从未研究过德·斯库德里女士的作品及其对王室宣传政策的意义，尤其是在1660年代。本文以她的小说《凡尔赛长廊》为例，首次详细讨论了德·斯库德里女士的政治反思和信仰，以及她对君主制和君主的崇拜。首先，文章展示了如何根据当时的历史和文学背景来解释这本书，以及它如何与斯库德里小姐的全集相对应。然后，分析了小说中具体的政治和君主方面，以及路易十四的表现方式。因此，从文学的角度来看，《凡尔赛长廊》不仅是一个独特而成功的美学、豪迈和政治的综合体……
{"title":"Le héros de toutes les saisons. Herrscherlob und politische Reflexionen in Madeleine de Scudérys Roman „La Promenade de Versailles“ (1669)","authors":"OliverHG Mallick","doi":"10.3790/ZHF.41.4.619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3790/ZHF.41.4.619","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Le heros de toutes les saisons. Praise of the Monarch and Political Reflexions in Madeleine de Scudery’s Novel „La Promenade de Versailles“ (1669) Hitherto, historians have hardly ever dealt with Mlle de Scudery’s writings and their significance for the royal propaganda policy, especially in the 1660’s. Using the example of her novel „La Promenade de Versailles“ the article provides the first detailed discussion of Mlle de Scudery’s political reflections and beliefs as well as her encomia of the monarchy and the sovereign. First, the article shows how the book has to be interpreted in light of the historical and literary background of the time and how it corresponds to the complete works of Mlle de Scudery. Then, concrete political respectively monarchal aspects of the novel are analysed as well as the way in which Louis XIV is presented. Consequently, it can be shown that, in literary terms, „La Promenade de Versailles“ is not only a unique and successful synthesis of aesthetic, gallant and polit...","PeriodicalId":54000,"journal":{"name":"ZEITSCHRIFT FUR HISTORISCHE FORSCHUNG","volume":"32 1","pages":"619-686"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83669085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary Geschlechter and Zunfte, principales and comun. Urban Conflicts in Late Medieval Castile and the German Empire Late medieval urban conflicts in Castile and Germany lend themselves to fruitful comparisons. Despite the different social structures, non-privileged townspeople (comun, meinheit) aspired to political participation and representation in both countries. This emergence of civic consciousness was due to rather well educated and economically successful members of the upper middle classes. In times of struggle or civil war or in situations of doubleelectionsof the king in the Medieval Empire, they were important partners of the monarchy. In the towns of Northern Atlantic Spain, their pragmatic alliances with the new dynasty of Trastamara, particularly the Catholic Kings, served mutual interests. It was directed against the influence of strong noble lineages and resulted in successful petitions and municipal reforms. German and Castilian terminology of communities and corporations (gemeinde, me...
{"title":"Geschlechter und Zünfte, prinçipales und común. Städtische Konflikte in Kastilien und dem spätmittelalterlichen Reich","authors":"Gisela Naegle, JESÚS ÁNGEL SOLORZANO-TELECHEA","doi":"10.3790/ZHF.41.4.561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3790/ZHF.41.4.561","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Geschlechter and Zunfte, principales and comun. Urban Conflicts in Late Medieval Castile and the German Empire Late medieval urban conflicts in Castile and Germany lend themselves to fruitful comparisons. Despite the different social structures, non-privileged townspeople (comun, meinheit) aspired to political participation and representation in both countries. This emergence of civic consciousness was due to rather well educated and economically successful members of the upper middle classes. In times of struggle or civil war or in situations of doubleelectionsof the king in the Medieval Empire, they were important partners of the monarchy. In the towns of Northern Atlantic Spain, their pragmatic alliances with the new dynasty of Trastamara, particularly the Catholic Kings, served mutual interests. It was directed against the influence of strong noble lineages and resulted in successful petitions and municipal reforms. German and Castilian terminology of communities and corporations (gemeinde, me...","PeriodicalId":54000,"journal":{"name":"ZEITSCHRIFT FUR HISTORISCHE FORSCHUNG","volume":"24 1","pages":"561-618"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87997610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary Everyday Life between Conflict and Tolerance. Observations concerning the Confessional Policy of Brandenburg-Prussia in the 18th Century Since the 19th century, the idea that Prussia is a benchmark for confessional freedom has been a major narrative in Prussian historiography. After World War II it became even more important because of its use in counterbalancing the negative narrative of Prussian militarism. Only recently has historiography challenged these all-to-easy stereotypes and unveiled Prussian tolerance as a specific variant of confessionalization. Both friends and foes of the tolerance-topos, however, lay the focus of their argument on the role of the Hohenzollern dynasty for the confessional destiny of their subjects. Other historical agents, such as the intermediate church bureaucracy, pastors and preachers, as well as the subjects themselves are hardly taken into consideration. By looking at records produced by the Evangelical-reformed church directory, the article argues that church...
{"title":"Alltag zwischen Konflikt und Toleranz. Beobachtungen zur Konfessionspolitik Brandenburg-Preußens im 18. Jahrhundert","authors":"M. Leibetseder","doi":"10.3790/ZHF.41.2.231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3790/ZHF.41.2.231","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Everyday Life between Conflict and Tolerance. Observations concerning the Confessional Policy of Brandenburg-Prussia in the 18th Century Since the 19th century, the idea that Prussia is a benchmark for confessional freedom has been a major narrative in Prussian historiography. After World War II it became even more important because of its use in counterbalancing the negative narrative of Prussian militarism. Only recently has historiography challenged these all-to-easy stereotypes and unveiled Prussian tolerance as a specific variant of confessionalization. Both friends and foes of the tolerance-topos, however, lay the focus of their argument on the role of the Hohenzollern dynasty for the confessional destiny of their subjects. Other historical agents, such as the intermediate church bureaucracy, pastors and preachers, as well as the subjects themselves are hardly taken into consideration. By looking at records produced by the Evangelical-reformed church directory, the article argues that church...","PeriodicalId":54000,"journal":{"name":"ZEITSCHRIFT FUR HISTORISCHE FORSCHUNG","volume":"98 1","pages":"231-260"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2014-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85769177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary “A Wall of Separation”. The Destruction of Religious Ambiguity in Ireland (ca. 1600–1640) Ambiguity is a fundamental human experience. But in recent years, research in the humanities and social sciences has shown that societies have very different ways of dealing with ambiguity, and with religious ambiguity in particular: they either tolerate, moderate or seek to destroy it. In this context, Ireland is an especially telling case, as the denominational boundaries that were drawn in Early Modern Irish society seem remarkably impervious, long-lasting and hostile to any form of religious ambiguity. In this article, I argue that one of the most drastic and most enduring attempts to eradicate ambiguity in Irish society took place in the 1630 s. Clear-cut identities emerged along the confessional divide which heavily impacted everyday life. Four developments facilitated this process: 1) Educational migration to the continent led to a reshuffling of religious elites and, in turn, to a heightened sense of ...
{"title":"„A Wall Of Separation“. Die Vernichtung religiöser Ambiguität in Irland (ca. 1600 – 1640)","authors":"M. Bähr","doi":"10.3790/ZHF.41.1.89","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3790/ZHF.41.1.89","url":null,"abstract":"Summary “A Wall of Separation”. The Destruction of Religious Ambiguity in Ireland (ca. 1600–1640) Ambiguity is a fundamental human experience. But in recent years, research in the humanities and social sciences has shown that societies have very different ways of dealing with ambiguity, and with religious ambiguity in particular: they either tolerate, moderate or seek to destroy it. In this context, Ireland is an especially telling case, as the denominational boundaries that were drawn in Early Modern Irish society seem remarkably impervious, long-lasting and hostile to any form of religious ambiguity. In this article, I argue that one of the most drastic and most enduring attempts to eradicate ambiguity in Irish society took place in the 1630 s. Clear-cut identities emerged along the confessional divide which heavily impacted everyday life. Four developments facilitated this process: 1) Educational migration to the continent led to a reshuffling of religious elites and, in turn, to a heightened sense of ...","PeriodicalId":54000,"journal":{"name":"ZEITSCHRIFT FUR HISTORISCHE FORSCHUNG","volume":"64 1","pages":"89-123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2014-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87576880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This essay examines the political culture of highly autonomous rural communes in the Holy Roman Empire. Given the ecclesiastical roots of collective organization, the Swiss village of Gersau and the land of Dithmarschen in present-day Schleswig-Holstein are interpreted as two types of „parish republics“. Following contextual and methodological remarks, the argument draws on a range of sources to assess constitutional principles, political practices, self-reflection and external perceptions. In contrast to the general trend of centralization and confessionalization, the two parish republics ran their own religious and secular affairs over several centuries, embarking on independent diplomatic and military missions along the way. Internally, political regimes were characterized by broad participation and the location of sovereignty at the communal base, even though certain families acquired particular prominence. Domestic chronicles allow insights into communal identities, the awareness of collective freedom and sometimes fierce conflicts. External observations reveal a complex mixture of curiosity, respect and disapproval. Overall, Gersau and Dithmarschen illustrate the existence of alternative political trajectories and the significance of rural republicanism in the premodern period.
{"title":"Kirchgenossen an der Macht. Vormoderne politische Kultur in den “Pfarreirepubliken“ von Gersau und Dithmarschen","authors":"B. Kümin","doi":"10.3790/ZHF.41.2.187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3790/ZHF.41.2.187","url":null,"abstract":"This essay examines the political culture of highly autonomous rural communes in the Holy Roman Empire. Given the ecclesiastical roots of collective organization, the Swiss village of Gersau and the land of Dithmarschen in present-day Schleswig-Holstein are interpreted as two types of „parish republics“. Following contextual and methodological remarks, the argument draws on a range of sources to assess constitutional principles, political practices, self-reflection and external perceptions. In contrast to the general trend of centralization and confessionalization, the two parish republics ran their own religious and secular affairs over several centuries, embarking on independent diplomatic and military missions along the way. Internally, political regimes were characterized by broad participation and the location of sovereignty at the communal base, even though certain families acquired particular prominence. Domestic chronicles allow insights into communal identities, the awareness of collective freedom and sometimes fierce conflicts. External observations reveal a complex mixture of curiosity, respect and disapproval. Overall, Gersau and Dithmarschen illustrate the existence of alternative political trajectories and the significance of rural republicanism in the premodern period.","PeriodicalId":54000,"journal":{"name":"ZEITSCHRIFT FUR HISTORISCHE FORSCHUNG","volume":"17 1","pages":"187-230"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2014-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77228374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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