This article explores the relationship between anarchism, collaborative archaeology, and the decolonization of African diaspora heritage in the US and Caribbean. The heart of anarchism as a political theory articulates a robust criticism of hierarchy, and neatly intersects growing interests in collaborative archaeology and heritage. This represents a crucial intersection as the majority of archaeological projects remains rigidly hierarchical, often resulting in the silencing of local stakeholder communities. Anarchism's attention to identifying and addressing hierarchy represents a living theory for the decolonization of archaeological practice. The author grounds these thoughts through two case studies. The first examines the importance of situating scholarly interests alongside, or even below local community concerns as they relate to the 1923 Rosewood race riot in Levy County, Florida. The second case study examines how this approach alerts researchers to new projects revealing the unique interactions between Afro-Caribbean and British soilders in Nevis, West Indies. The author's ongoing experience with anarchism continues to transform his personal practice of archaeology. This paper concludes by highlighting anarchism's unique ability to address harmful hierarchical posturing, democratize archaeological knowledge, and support our roles as researchers, educators, and advocates.
{"title":"Anarchism, Decolonization, and Collaborative Archaeology","authors":"Edward Gonzalez-Tennant","doi":"10.1558/JCA.33487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/JCA.33487","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores the relationship between anarchism, collaborative archaeology, and the decolonization of African diaspora heritage in the US and Caribbean. The heart of anarchism as a political theory articulates a robust criticism of hierarchy, and neatly intersects growing interests in collaborative archaeology and heritage. This represents a crucial intersection as the majority of archaeological projects remains rigidly hierarchical, often resulting in the silencing of local stakeholder communities. Anarchism's attention to identifying and addressing hierarchy represents a living theory for the decolonization of archaeological practice. The author grounds these thoughts through two case studies. The first examines the importance of situating scholarly interests alongside, or even below local community concerns as they relate to the 1923 Rosewood race riot in Levy County, Florida. The second case study examines how this approach alerts researchers to new projects revealing the unique interactions between Afro-Caribbean and British soilders in Nevis, West Indies. The author's ongoing experience with anarchism continues to transform his personal practice of archaeology. This paper concludes by highlighting anarchism's unique ability to address harmful hierarchical posturing, democratize archaeological knowledge, and support our roles as researchers, educators, and advocates.","PeriodicalId":54020,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Archaeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45521635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Young adults have traditionally used cars as a way to achieve a sense of freedom and independence. However, the interaction between young adults and cars is about more than just mobility, involving the creation of effective social spaces even in static situations. This paper focuses on such relationships from an auto-ethnographic and auto-ethnoarchaeological perspective by studying both the materiality present in young adults' cars and the practices typical of this group in this location. I discuss a case study centred on the university community in the Balearic Islands (Spain), demonstrating that young adults' use of cars is dynamic, and that they interpret them as habitable spaces by transferring certain domestic activities to their realm. In turn, cars are essential allies in the construction of young adults' social spaces and the configuration of auto-reflexive and group identities.
{"title":"Living in My Car: Interactions Between Young Adults and Cars in the Balearic Islands (Spain)","authors":"D. A. Santacreu","doi":"10.1558/JCA.35321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/JCA.35321","url":null,"abstract":"Young adults have traditionally used cars as a way to achieve a sense of freedom and independence. However, the interaction between young adults and cars is about more than just mobility, involving the creation of effective social spaces even in static situations. This paper focuses on such relationships from an auto-ethnographic and auto-ethnoarchaeological perspective by studying both the materiality present in young adults' cars and the practices typical of this group in this location. I discuss a case study centred on the university community in the Balearic Islands (Spain), demonstrating that young adults' use of cars is dynamic, and that they interpret them as habitable spaces by transferring certain domestic activities to their realm. In turn, cars are essential allies in the construction of young adults' social spaces and the configuration of auto-reflexive and group identities.","PeriodicalId":54020,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Archaeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1558/JCA.35321","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48581252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anarchist theory is having a ‘moment’ in the social sciences. A growing number of scholars draw on anarchist thought to conceptualize human history and offer solutions grounded in direct democracy for a range of modern ills, including racism, sexism, and structural violence. As scholars wake to the realization that universities have become instruments for the advancement of capital, and as contemporary politics continues to embrace ethnonationalism, neoliberalism, and patriarchy, engagements with anarchist thought and practice have emerged in the academy and more broadly. What does this mean for contemporary archaeology? Here, we raise questions relating to three potential threads: the archaeology of anarchists; the use of anarchism to inform archaeological theory and practice; and the use of archaeological knowledge to inform contemporary anarchisms.
{"title":"Anarchy and Archaeology","authors":"J. Flexner, Edward Gonzalez-Tennant","doi":"10.1558/JCA.33439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/JCA.33439","url":null,"abstract":"Anarchist theory is having a ‘moment’ in the social sciences. A growing number of scholars draw on anarchist thought to conceptualize human history and offer solutions grounded in direct democracy for a range of modern ills, including racism, sexism, and structural violence. As scholars wake to the realization that universities have become instruments for the advancement of capital, and as contemporary politics continues to embrace ethnonationalism, neoliberalism, and patriarchy, engagements with anarchist thought and practice have emerged in the academy and more broadly. What does this mean for contemporary archaeology? Here, we raise questions relating to three potential threads: the archaeology of anarchists; the use of anarchism to inform archaeological theory and practice; and the use of archaeological knowledge to inform contemporary anarchisms.","PeriodicalId":54020,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Archaeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46843707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper examines the applicability of a metal detector survey and distribution analysis of mostly metal objects at four post-World War II mass execution sites in Kocevski Rog, Slovenia. All locations were surveyed with the intent to gather the material evidence, reconstruct the events and identify areas of different activities. With the distribution analysis, we were able to reconstruct pathways leading through forest to the execution sites; places of untying, undressing and restricting of the victims; and places of shooting. Locations with discarded and sometimes burned clothing, equipment and personal belongings were also found, containing various metal and non-metal objects. Metal detector survey and distribution analysis of objects proved to be an excellent tool for researching, interpreting and reconstructing poorly documented events, such as World War II and post-war extrajudicial mass executions.
{"title":"Detecting Modern Conflicts: Metal Detector Survey and Distribution Analysis as Tools for Understanding Slovenian Mass Execution Sites","authors":"Uroš Košir","doi":"10.1558/jca.38828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/jca.38828","url":null,"abstract":"The paper examines the applicability of a metal detector survey and distribution analysis of mostly metal objects at four post-World War II mass execution sites in Kocevski Rog, Slovenia. All locations were surveyed with the intent to gather the material evidence, reconstruct the events and identify areas of different activities. With the distribution analysis, we were able to reconstruct pathways leading through forest to the execution sites; places of untying, undressing and restricting of the victims; and places of shooting. Locations with discarded and sometimes burned clothing, equipment and personal belongings were also found, containing various metal and non-metal objects. Metal detector survey and distribution analysis of objects proved to be an excellent tool for researching, interpreting and reconstructing poorly documented events, such as World War II and post-war extrajudicial mass executions.","PeriodicalId":54020,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Archaeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1558/jca.38828","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45146385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Computer games are recent artifacts that have had, and continue to have, enormous cultural impact. In this interdisciplinary collaboration between computer science and archaeology, we closely examine one such artifact: the 1980 Apple II game Mystery House, the first graphical adventure. We focus on implementation rather than gameplay, treating the game as a digital artifact. What can we learn about the game and its development process through reverse engineering and analysis of the code, data, and game image? Our exploration includes a technical critique of the code, examining the heretofore uncritical legacy of Ken Williams as a programmer. As game development is a human activity, we place it in a theoretical framework from archaeology, to show how a field used to analyze physical artifacts might adapt to shed new light on digital games. Open Access Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives: CC BY-NC-ND
{"title":"Inspecting the Foundation of Mystery House","authors":"John Aycock, K. Biittner","doi":"10.1558/JCA.36745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/JCA.36745","url":null,"abstract":"Computer games are recent artifacts that have had, and continue to have, enormous cultural impact. In this interdisciplinary collaboration between computer science and archaeology, we closely examine one such artifact: the 1980 Apple II game Mystery House, the first graphical adventure. We focus on implementation rather than gameplay, treating the game as a digital artifact. What can we learn about the game and its development process through reverse engineering and analysis of the code, data, and game image? Our exploration includes a technical critique of the code, examining the heretofore uncritical legacy of Ken Williams as a programmer. As game development is a human activity, we place it in a theoretical framework from archaeology, to show how a field used to analyze physical artifacts might adapt to shed new light on digital games. \u0000Open Access Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives: CC BY-NC-ND","PeriodicalId":54020,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Archaeology","volume":"6 1","pages":"183-205"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1558/JCA.36745","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45671481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bulgarian Roma living in the capital city of Sofia rely on glass for EU-era survival becauseof its role in food-jarring practices and its ability to be repeatedly used and reused withoutbreaking down. The durability of glass emerges as a salient material quality for ensuringa means of preservation in the face of everyday economic precarity. Glass's durability ismaterial and temporal: temporal in that it transcends political and economic upheavals,and material in that, unlike plastic, metal and paper, glass does not naturally decomposeover time. Instead, it enables structurally disadvantaged urbanites, like the Roma, touse homegrown food packaging technologies in order to survive in the era of EU "free"markets, plastic packaging and neoliberal discardability. The temporal and materialdurability of glass juxtaposes the precarious circumstances of those most engagedwith its contemporary reuse for whom glass enables both survival and a form of EU-eramaterial citizenship. However, EU regulations focused on recycling fail to acknowledgethe widespread practice of glass reuse in Bulgaria. This paper analyzes how EU policy,recycling company officials and Romani and non-Romani Sofia residents reconfiguredurability through different temporal materialities - and practices - of recycling and reuse.
{"title":"Durable Remains: Glass Reuse, Material Citizenship and Precarity in EU-era Bulgaria","authors":"Elana Resnick","doi":"10.1558/JCA.33425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/JCA.33425","url":null,"abstract":"Bulgarian Roma living in the capital city of Sofia rely on glass for EU-era survival becauseof its role in food-jarring practices and its ability to be repeatedly used and reused withoutbreaking down. The durability of glass emerges as a salient material quality for ensuringa means of preservation in the face of everyday economic precarity. Glass's durability ismaterial and temporal: temporal in that it transcends political and economic upheavals,and material in that, unlike plastic, metal and paper, glass does not naturally decomposeover time. Instead, it enables structurally disadvantaged urbanites, like the Roma, touse homegrown food packaging technologies in order to survive in the era of EU \"free\"markets, plastic packaging and neoliberal discardability. The temporal and materialdurability of glass juxtaposes the precarious circumstances of those most engagedwith its contemporary reuse for whom glass enables both survival and a form of EU-eramaterial citizenship. However, EU regulations focused on recycling fail to acknowledgethe widespread practice of glass reuse in Bulgaria. This paper analyzes how EU policy,recycling company officials and Romani and non-Romani Sofia residents reconfiguredurability through different temporal materialities - and practices - of recycling and reuse.","PeriodicalId":54020,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Archaeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1558/JCA.33425","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45607789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Digging for Fire: Finding Control on the Australian Continent","authors":"T. Neale","doi":"10.1558/JCA.33208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/JCA.33208","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54020,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Archaeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1558/JCA.33208","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48703698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the process of formally identifying a geological interval, it is crucial for stratigraphersto find the point at which strata reveal a significant, dramatic shift in the types of fossilsand other geological markers being found. In the nomenclature of the discipline thispoint constitutes a "golden spike". For the geologists advancing the proposition that theAnthropocene might be formalized as the Earth's latest interval on the geologic time scale,this spike will be registered by the sudden appearance of a new sedimentary layer - onedecisively marked by the presence of "technofossils". From the proliferation of deepperforations of the strata by mining to the wide distribution of rare elements (aluminum,titanium, uranium) and novel compounds (plastics), for the geologists advocating thenotion of the Anthropocene, the deposits of human technology buried in the Earth's crustwill not only be that species' geological legacy, but the mineral markers of its emergenceas a major geo-force. No doubt the logos of the technofossil is important for geologistsmaking the case for the Anthropocene's formalization as a geological interval; its pathos,however, is of equal import in building a public for it. In the hands of the Anthropocene'sstratigraphers the prospective mineralization of human activity is also the species' anticipatedmemorialization: literally written in stone, the strata of the Anthropocene will bea memorial to human existence - to the era of its doing and undoing. In this, then, thetechnofossil is as much a memento mori as it is a heuristic for imagining a world after thehuman - a "world without us". It is this conjuncture that this paper explores.
{"title":"The Technofossil: A Memento Mori","authors":"B. Dibley","doi":"10.1558/JCA.33380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/JCA.33380","url":null,"abstract":"In the process of formally identifying a geological interval, it is crucial for stratigraphersto find the point at which strata reveal a significant, dramatic shift in the types of fossilsand other geological markers being found. In the nomenclature of the discipline thispoint constitutes a \"golden spike\". For the geologists advancing the proposition that theAnthropocene might be formalized as the Earth's latest interval on the geologic time scale,this spike will be registered by the sudden appearance of a new sedimentary layer - onedecisively marked by the presence of \"technofossils\". From the proliferation of deepperforations of the strata by mining to the wide distribution of rare elements (aluminum,titanium, uranium) and novel compounds (plastics), for the geologists advocating thenotion of the Anthropocene, the deposits of human technology buried in the Earth's crustwill not only be that species' geological legacy, but the mineral markers of its emergenceas a major geo-force. No doubt the logos of the technofossil is important for geologistsmaking the case for the Anthropocene's formalization as a geological interval; its pathos,however, is of equal import in building a public for it. In the hands of the Anthropocene'sstratigraphers the prospective mineralization of human activity is also the species' anticipatedmemorialization: literally written in stone, the strata of the Anthropocene will bea memorial to human existence - to the era of its doing and undoing. In this, then, thetechnofossil is as much a memento mori as it is a heuristic for imagining a world after thehuman - a \"world without us\". It is this conjuncture that this paper explores.","PeriodicalId":54020,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Archaeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1558/JCA.33380","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45582329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Time on the Waterline: Coastal Reclamations and Seawalls in Sydney and Japan","authors":"D. Byrne","doi":"10.1558/JCA.33282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/JCA.33282","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54020,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Archaeology","volume":"5 1","pages":"53-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1558/JCA.33282","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47542969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The research on which this article is based has been supported by the project Solid Fluids in the Anthropocene: A Transdisciplinary Inquiry into the Archaeological Anthropology of Materials (2015–2018), funded by the British Academy for the Humanities and the Social Sciences under its International Partnership and Mobility Scheme. The research has also been supported by the project Concrete Futures: An Inquiry into Modern Life in the Anthropocene with Materials (2015–2018), funded by Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Cientifico y Tecnologico (FONDECYT), Chile, No. 11150278. We are grateful to the British Academy and to FONDECYT for their support. An earlier version of this article was presented at the workshop “Time of Materials” organized by Gay Hawkins at the University of Western Sydney. We are grateful to Gay for inviting us to contribute to the event, to Juan Francisco Salazar for making our attendance possible and to Guy Keulemans who, at the workshop, provided detailed comments on the version presented there. We extend our gratitude to two anonymous reviewers, whose generous comments, criticism and suggestions also contributed to the development of our argument.
本文所基于的研究得到了项目“人类世中的固体流体：材料考古人类学的跨学科调查”（2015-2018）的支持，该项目由英国人文社会科学院根据其国际伙伴关系和流动计划资助。这项研究还得到了“混凝土未来：用材料探究人类世现代生活（2015-2018）”项目的支持，该项目由智利国家科学技术基金会资助，编号11150278。我们感谢英国科学院和FONDECYT的支持。这篇文章的早期版本是在西悉尼大学盖伊·霍金斯组织的“材料时代”研讨会上发表的。我们感谢Gay邀请我们为此次活动做出贡献，感谢Juan Francisco Salazar让我们得以出席，感谢Guy Keulemans在研讨会上对研讨会上的版本发表了详细评论。我们感谢两位匿名评审员，他们的慷慨评论、批评和建议也为我们的论点的发展做出了贡献。
{"title":"Ice and concrete: Solid fluids of environmental change","authors":"C. Simonetti, T. Ingold","doi":"10.1558/JCA33371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/JCA33371","url":null,"abstract":"The research on which this article is based has been supported by the project Solid Fluids in the Anthropocene: A Transdisciplinary Inquiry into the Archaeological Anthropology of Materials (2015–2018), funded by the British Academy for the Humanities and the Social Sciences under its International Partnership and Mobility Scheme. The research has also been supported by the project Concrete Futures: An Inquiry into Modern Life in the Anthropocene with Materials (2015–2018), funded by Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Cientifico y Tecnologico (FONDECYT), Chile, No. 11150278. We are grateful to the British Academy and to FONDECYT for their support. An earlier version of this article was presented at the workshop “Time of Materials” organized by Gay Hawkins at the University of Western Sydney. We are grateful to Gay for inviting us to contribute to the event, to Juan Francisco Salazar for making our attendance possible and to Guy Keulemans who, at the workshop, provided detailed comments on the version presented there. We extend our gratitude to two anonymous reviewers, whose generous comments, criticism and suggestions also contributed to the development of our argument.","PeriodicalId":54020,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Archaeology","volume":"5 1","pages":"19-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43779751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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