Pub Date : 2024-01-01Epub Date: 2022-05-24DOI: 10.1080/15438627.2022.2079987
Danica Janicijevic, Beatriz Redondo, Raimundo Jiménez, Amador Garcia-Ramos, Jesus Vera
This study aimed to determine the influence of physical fitness level and sex on intraocular pressure (IOP) during the low-intensity aerobic exercise. Forty-four participants (twenty-two men) cycled 30 minutes at low intensity (10% of the maximal power). Maximal power was determined by asking participants to perform maximal sprints of 6 seconds against 3-4 different resistances separated by 3 minutes of rest. The IOP was measured on 9 occasions (1) prior to the warm-up, (2) after the warm-up, (3-7) every 6 minutes during the low-intensity cycling task, and (8-9) 5 and 10 minutes after the cycling task. Low-intensity aerobic exercise had a lowering effect on IOP, being the beneficial effect more accentuated and prolonged in the High-fit group (IOP reduction compared to baseline lasted 30 minutes) than in the Low-fit group (IOP was only reduced at 6 minutes of exercise compared to baseline). Participants´ sex had no effect on the IOP behaviour at any time point (p = 0.453). These findings indicate that individuals who need to reduce IOP levels (i.e., glaucoma patients or those at risk) should increase or maintain a high fitness level to benefit more from the IOP lowering effect during low-intensity aerobic exercises.
{"title":"The intraocular pressure lowering-effect of low-intensity aerobic exercise is greater in fitter individuals: a cluster analysis.","authors":"Danica Janicijevic, Beatriz Redondo, Raimundo Jiménez, Amador Garcia-Ramos, Jesus Vera","doi":"10.1080/15438627.2022.2079987","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15438627.2022.2079987","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to determine the influence of physical fitness level and sex on intraocular pressure (IOP) during the low-intensity aerobic exercise. Forty-four participants (twenty-two men) cycled 30 minutes at low intensity (10% of the maximal power). Maximal power was determined by asking participants to perform maximal sprints of 6 seconds against 3-4 different resistances separated by 3 minutes of rest. The IOP was measured on 9 occasions (1) prior to the warm-up, (2) after the warm-up, (3-7) every 6 minutes during the low-intensity cycling task, and (8-9) 5 and 10 minutes after the cycling task. Low-intensity aerobic exercise had a lowering effect on IOP, being the beneficial effect more accentuated and prolonged in the High-fit group (IOP reduction compared to baseline lasted 30 minutes) than in the Low-fit group (IOP was only reduced at 6 minutes of exercise compared to baseline). Participants´ sex had no effect on the IOP behaviour at any time point (p = 0.453). These findings indicate that individuals who need to reduce IOP levels (i.e., glaucoma patients or those at risk) should increase or maintain a high fitness level to benefit more from the IOP lowering effect during low-intensity aerobic exercises.</p>","PeriodicalId":54020,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Archaeology","volume":"2 1","pages":"86-97"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89663170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Estelle Praet, Anne Guézou, John Schofield, Raveena M. Tamoria
Plastics, as supermodern artefacts of the Anthropocene, form a significant part of waste landscapes. But they also pollute landscapes – cultural and natural, marine and terrestrial – across the globe, including in the most isolated of places. The material’s resilience meansthat plastic pollution is one of the biggest global challenges facing contemporary society. Taking a multidisciplinary approach, this paper demonstrates how archaeological methods can help address the issue of plastic pollution in Galapagos, which is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site for its “Outstanding Universal Value” to humanity. Studied archaeologically, plastics are artefacts that through careful observation can yield precious information about their journey to this archipelago. As objects of story writing and the focus of object itineraries, they can also be used as a window into perceptions of plastic litter locally, as well as providing an opportunity to engage students in the topic.
{"title":"Waste Journeys","authors":"Estelle Praet, Anne Guézou, John Schofield, Raveena M. Tamoria","doi":"10.1558/jca.25844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/jca.25844","url":null,"abstract":"Plastics, as supermodern artefacts of the Anthropocene, form a significant part of waste landscapes. But they also pollute landscapes – cultural and natural, marine and terrestrial – across the globe, including in the most isolated of places. The material’s resilience meansthat plastic pollution is one of the biggest global challenges facing contemporary society. Taking a multidisciplinary approach, this paper demonstrates how archaeological methods can help address the issue of plastic pollution in Galapagos, which is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site for its “Outstanding Universal Value” to humanity. Studied archaeologically, plastics are artefacts that through careful observation can yield precious information about their journey to this archipelago. As objects of story writing and the focus of object itineraries, they can also be used as a window into perceptions of plastic litter locally, as well as providing an opportunity to engage students in the topic.","PeriodicalId":54020,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Archaeology","volume":"10 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135216798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper investigates a waste landscape in the Marston Vale, Bedfordshire, UK, consisting of a range of landfill hills. The hills originated as vast holes in the ground created by clay extraction, which presented suitable receptacles for the dumping of landfill waste. Although of much larger scale than evidence normally dealt with by archaeologists, these are treated here as archaeological features within an archaeological landscape. While other papers deal with important aspects of political ecology of waste landscapes, the present focus is on the upscaling of methods that is necessary to cope with such mega-scale contemporary waste landscapes, in order to make them more susceptible to archaeological analysis.
{"title":"Landfill Hills","authors":"Matt Edgeworth","doi":"10.1558/jca.25827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/jca.25827","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates a waste landscape in the Marston Vale, Bedfordshire, UK, consisting of a range of landfill hills. The hills originated as vast holes in the ground created by clay extraction, which presented suitable receptacles for the dumping of landfill waste. Although of much larger scale than evidence normally dealt with by archaeologists, these are treated here as archaeological features within an archaeological landscape. While other papers deal with important aspects of political ecology of waste landscapes, the present focus is on the upscaling of methods that is necessary to cope with such mega-scale contemporary waste landscapes, in order to make them more susceptible to archaeological analysis.","PeriodicalId":54020,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Archaeology","volume":"29 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135217375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article proposes that Boris Groys’s claim that contemporary life is mediated via an ongoing loop of speculative, unfinished “projects” can be used to explore the production of particular kinds of interfaciality and “Edgelands”, as defined by Marion Shoard. I examine the Granton Waterfront area, a region of Edinburgh, Scotland, that has witnessed redevelopment projects initiated and abandoned over the last three decades, and where construction materials, half-finished roads, derelict gates and rezoned “development” areas are constantly revalued and reinhabited by humans and non-humans in looped cycles. Utilizing photographic images produced at various points over a decade to construct a visual narrative of the site, as well as drawing on the work of cultural geographer Hamish Kallin, I demonstrate how Shoard’s and Groys’s concepts, most often applied in art, cultural geography and planning contexts, can be useful tools for contemporary archaeologists in examining and reflecting upon the production and ongoing lives of ‘waste’ landscapes.
{"title":"Project Loops, “Edgelands” and the Permanent Reimagining of Landscape","authors":"Angela McClanahan-Simmons","doi":"10.1558/jca.25829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/jca.25829","url":null,"abstract":"This article proposes that Boris Groys’s claim that contemporary life is mediated via an ongoing loop of speculative, unfinished “projects” can be used to explore the production of particular kinds of interfaciality and “Edgelands”, as defined by Marion Shoard. I examine the Granton Waterfront area, a region of Edinburgh, Scotland, that has witnessed redevelopment projects initiated and abandoned over the last three decades, and where construction materials, half-finished roads, derelict gates and rezoned “development” areas are constantly revalued and reinhabited by humans and non-humans in looped cycles. Utilizing photographic images produced at various points over a decade to construct a visual narrative of the site, as well as drawing on the work of cultural geographer Hamish Kallin, I demonstrate how Shoard’s and Groys’s concepts, most often applied in art, cultural geography and planning contexts, can be useful tools for contemporary archaeologists in examining and reflecting upon the production and ongoing lives of ‘waste’ landscapes.","PeriodicalId":54020,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Archaeology","volume":"49 8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135216226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The following thoughts will inevitably find themselves in the service of a central idea: the creation of a discursive common ground – that is, the production of a set of assumptions, beliefs and common terms that find acceptance and use, and which form the basis for conversation and dialogue. So, in the simple act of gathering a group of essays under the title “Making Ground”, we have created a discursive commons that allows discrete and unique thoughts and ideas to find expression. This notion – the creation of a discursive commons – is the guiding theme of this essay, where it begins and where it will end. It is also very important to note that (although I do not think it is the case in this instance) a discursive commons can be created through evasion as much as through attraction: by advancing or proposing a theme that is somehow repellant to an existing field of discourse, a new common ground can be created. Therefore, the overt rejection of a discursive commons, or the rejection of a conceptual assertion, in many ways serves the same purpose as its acceptance.
{"title":"Figure and Field in the Anthropocene","authors":"Jeffrey Benjamin","doi":"10.1558/jca.25835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/jca.25835","url":null,"abstract":"The following thoughts will inevitably find themselves in the service of a central idea: the creation of a discursive common ground – that is, the production of a set of assumptions, beliefs and common terms that find acceptance and use, and which form the basis for conversation and dialogue. So, in the simple act of gathering a group of essays under the title “Making Ground”, we have created a discursive commons that allows discrete and unique thoughts and ideas to find expression. This notion – the creation of a discursive commons – is the guiding theme of this essay, where it begins and where it will end. It is also very important to note that (although I do not think it is the case in this instance) a discursive commons can be created through evasion as much as through attraction: by advancing or proposing a theme that is somehow repellant to an existing field of discourse, a new common ground can be created. Therefore, the overt rejection of a discursive commons, or the rejection of a conceptual assertion, in many ways serves the same purpose as its acceptance.","PeriodicalId":54020,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Archaeology","volume":"45 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135216635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vast quantities of waste rubble produced through demolition, natural disasters and conflict form part of the globe-spanning, anthropogenic deposit that has been called the “archaeosphere”. Whilst such material is often considered “waste” and of little value in the immediate aftermath of deconstruction or destruction, rubble rarely remains “wasted” for long and becomes reused in new cycles of construction. While architectural salvage and spolia are relatively well studied, the reuse of demolition rubble in the creation of new terrain (reclamation) is rarely discussed. Responding to this, I discuss how World War II bomb rubble was used to reclaim ground from Hackney Marsh and Leyton Marsh in East London. This waste material not only provided valuable new terrain for leisure facilities, but also led to a broad array of unexpected and emergent uses and valuations, including as site of footballing heritage and place of remembrance and contestation.
{"title":"Gaining Ground","authors":"Jonathan Gardner","doi":"10.1558/jca.25782","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/jca.25782","url":null,"abstract":"Vast quantities of waste rubble produced through demolition, natural disasters and conflict form part of the globe-spanning, anthropogenic deposit that has been called the “archaeosphere”. Whilst such material is often considered “waste” and of little value in the immediate aftermath of deconstruction or destruction, rubble rarely remains “wasted” for long and becomes reused in new cycles of construction. While architectural salvage and spolia are relatively well studied, the reuse of demolition rubble in the creation of new terrain (reclamation) is rarely discussed. Responding to this, I discuss how World War II bomb rubble was used to reclaim ground from Hackney Marsh and Leyton Marsh in East London. This waste material not only provided valuable new terrain for leisure facilities, but also led to a broad array of unexpected and emergent uses and valuations, including as site of footballing heritage and place of remembrance and contestation.","PeriodicalId":54020,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Archaeology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134974101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Inspired by a type of quarrying waste nicknamed “bastard rock”, this paper uses the concept “bastard” as an analogy for industrial heritage landscapes: conceptually and physically difficult, inherently hybrid and comprised of contested lineages and inheritances. Advocating for relational landscape approaches in heritage management, this paper also addresses the exclusion of active industry from UNESCO World Heritage cultural landscapes and buffer zones, using the case study of Penrhyn Quarry in The Slate Landscape of Northwest Wales as an example of when “one-size-fits-all” heritage management strategies risk diminishing the cultural heritage they seek to preserve for future generations.
{"title":"Bastard Rock, Bastard Landscapes","authors":"Alexa D. Spiwak","doi":"10.1558/jca.25826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/jca.25826","url":null,"abstract":"Inspired by a type of quarrying waste nicknamed “bastard rock”, this paper uses the concept “bastard” as an analogy for industrial heritage landscapes: conceptually and physically difficult, inherently hybrid and comprised of contested lineages and inheritances. Advocating for relational landscape approaches in heritage management, this paper also addresses the exclusion of active industry from UNESCO World Heritage cultural landscapes and buffer zones, using the case study of Penrhyn Quarry in The Slate Landscape of Northwest Wales as an example of when “one-size-fits-all” heritage management strategies risk diminishing the cultural heritage they seek to preserve for future generations.","PeriodicalId":54020,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Archaeology","volume":"IA-14 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135169491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elizabeth Graham, Daniel Evans, Richard Macphail, Julia Stegemann, Francesca Glanville-Wallis
Diverging from traditional archaeology, our ongoing research focuses on decomposition rather than preserved fragments of what people left behind. We are looking at the bulk of what constitutes archaeological deposits: soil. Comparing the thickness of soil where people have lived to thickness where there has been no human occupation shows greater accumulation, or soil formation, where humans have been active. These same soils are also often characterised by higher fertility than soils formed in the absence of humans. The implication is that the decay of what people throw away, leave behind or bury forms soil. Yet, what we characterise as archaeological sites do not appear to be “wastelands”, because they have been altered by time. Given modern threats to soil security, we are applying what we are learning from wastelands of the past to change attitudes today – we need to embrace waste, trash and rubbish as the soil of the future.
{"title":"An Archaeological Foundation to Soil Sustainability","authors":"Elizabeth Graham, Daniel Evans, Richard Macphail, Julia Stegemann, Francesca Glanville-Wallis","doi":"10.1558/jca.25817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/jca.25817","url":null,"abstract":"Diverging from traditional archaeology, our ongoing research focuses on decomposition rather than preserved fragments of what people left behind. We are looking at the bulk of what constitutes archaeological deposits: soil. Comparing the thickness of soil where people have lived to thickness where there has been no human occupation shows greater accumulation, or soil formation, where humans have been active. These same soils are also often characterised by higher fertility than soils formed in the absence of humans. The implication is that the decay of what people throw away, leave behind or bury forms soil. Yet, what we characterise as archaeological sites do not appear to be “wastelands”, because they have been altered by time. Given modern threats to soil security, we are applying what we are learning from wastelands of the past to change attitudes today – we need to embrace waste, trash and rubbish as the soil of the future.","PeriodicalId":54020,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Archaeology","volume":"2 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135216284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Skateboarding is an important part of 21st century culture and has considerable cultural, financial and entertainment value, as indicated by its recent incorporation in the Tokyo Olympics. It is practiced on human-made surfaces such as pavements and roads as well as on wooden ramps and within asphalt and concrete skateparks. Hundreds of examples of the latter were built worldwide during the skateboarding’s ‘Second Wave’ in the late 1970s–early 1980s, but nearly all were subsequently closed, infilled or destroyed. Very few original concrete parks of this key period survive and many are currently threatened with destruction. The historic status recently ascribed to two well preserved examples in the UK and Australia underlines a need to assess the heritage value of the other remaining original skateparks, as well as to consider possible strategies for their protection and conservation. The present article tackles this topic using selected examples of these unconventional historic structures from around the world.
{"title":"Solid Surf","authors":"Patrick Quinn, Iain Borden","doi":"10.1558/jca.25151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/jca.25151","url":null,"abstract":"Skateboarding is an important part of 21st century culture and has considerable cultural, financial and entertainment value, as indicated by its recent incorporation in the Tokyo Olympics. It is practiced on human-made surfaces such as pavements and roads as well as on wooden ramps and within asphalt and concrete skateparks. Hundreds of examples of the latter were built worldwide during the skateboarding’s ‘Second Wave’ in the late 1970s–early 1980s, but nearly all were subsequently closed, infilled or destroyed. Very few original concrete parks of this key period survive and many are currently threatened with destruction. The historic status recently ascribed to two well preserved examples in the UK and Australia underlines a need to assess the heritage value of the other remaining original skateparks, as well as to consider possible strategies for their protection and conservation. The present article tackles this topic using selected examples of these unconventional historic structures from around the world.","PeriodicalId":54020,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Archaeology","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135217904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
“Adolf Island”: The Nazi occupation of Alderney by Caroline Sturdy Colls and Kevin Simon Colls2022. 488 pp. Manchester University Press, Manchester. ISBN 978-1-5261-4906-0.
{"title":"“Adolf Island”: The Nazi occupation of Alderney by Caroline Sturdy Colls and Kevin Simon Colls","authors":"Gabriel Moshenska","doi":"10.1558/jca.26295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/jca.26295","url":null,"abstract":"“Adolf Island”: The Nazi occupation of Alderney by Caroline Sturdy Colls and Kevin Simon Colls2022. 488 pp. Manchester University Press, Manchester. ISBN 978-1-5261-4906-0.","PeriodicalId":54020,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Archaeology","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135674901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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