Recent research into the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939) and the first years of the Francoist dictatorship (1939–1975) estimates that approximately 200,000 people were executed in Spain during this period, either extrajudicially or after popular tribunals or court martials. The bodies of the victims were for the most part buried in mass graves, thrown into riverbeds or disposed of in mines or caves. In this paper, I discuss how forensic examination of the mass graves can yield new evidence about political repression and shed new light on documentary and oral sources. I employ a multidisciplinary approach that combines archaeology and forensic anthropology to reconstruct the facts around the killings and produce new historical knowledge about the traumatic past of contemporary Spanish society.
{"title":"From the Exhumation of Bodies to Historical Knowledge: An Analysis of Francoist Repression in Southwest Spain","authors":"Laura Muñoz-Encinar","doi":"10.1558/JCA.41484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/JCA.41484","url":null,"abstract":"Recent research into the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939) and the first years of the Francoist dictatorship (1939–1975) estimates that approximately 200,000 people were executed in Spain during this period, either extrajudicially or after popular tribunals or court martials. The bodies of the victims were for the most part buried in mass graves, thrown into riverbeds or disposed of in mines or caves. In this paper, I discuss how forensic examination of the mass graves can yield new evidence about political repression and shed new light on documentary and oral sources. I employ a multidisciplinary approach that combines archaeology and forensic anthropology to reconstruct the facts around the killings and produce new historical knowledge about the traumatic past of contemporary Spanish society.","PeriodicalId":54020,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Archaeology","volume":"7 1","pages":"190-208"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49156032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
John C. Schofield, J. Aylmer, A. Donnelly, Jen S. Jones, J. Muñoz-Pérez, Elena Perez, C. Scott, K. Townsend
This paper presents contemporary archaeology as a novel framework for investigating environmental pollution, specifically marine pollution, which comprises a global “toxic assemblage” of an estimated 5.25 trillion plastic artefacts. The ideas behind this approach were developed in 2018 during a multidisciplinary “Science to Solutions” workshop held in Galapagos (Ecuador), led by the Galapagos National Park and Galapagos Conservation Trust and hosted by the Galapagos Science Center and the Charles Darwin Research Station. These ideas informed two studies which began separately but became increasingly aligned within a contemporary archaeology framework, in effect tackling the same problem from two very different perspectives: the first involving surface mapping, designed to inform an understanding of how plastic items enter the environment, including the marine environment, in the first place; and the second comprising utilization-focused evaluation, designed to better understand people’s behaviours and aspirations. Both of the studies centred on a specific and ubiquitous type of item or artefact: the disposable plastic bag. We conclude that the two studies together demonstrate that, through giving primacy to material culture, contemporary archaeology can (1) serve as a cross-disciplinary framework for tackling environmental pollution, and (2) provide a basis for shaping practice and informing policy.
{"title":"Contemporary Archaeology as a Framework for Investigating the Impact of Disposable Plastic Bags on Environmental Pollution in Galápagos","authors":"John C. Schofield, J. Aylmer, A. Donnelly, Jen S. Jones, J. Muñoz-Pérez, Elena Perez, C. Scott, K. Townsend","doi":"10.1558/JCA.41134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/JCA.41134","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents contemporary archaeology as a novel framework for investigating environmental pollution, specifically marine pollution, which comprises a global “toxic assemblage” of an estimated 5.25 trillion plastic artefacts. The ideas behind this approach were developed in 2018 during a multidisciplinary “Science to Solutions” workshop held in Galapagos (Ecuador), led by the Galapagos National Park and Galapagos Conservation Trust and hosted by the Galapagos Science Center and the Charles Darwin Research Station. These ideas informed two studies which began separately but became increasingly aligned within a contemporary archaeology framework, in effect tackling the same problem from two very different perspectives: the first involving surface mapping, designed to inform an understanding of how plastic items enter the environment, including the marine environment, in the first place; and the second comprising utilization-focused evaluation, designed to better understand people’s behaviours and aspirations. Both of the studies centred on a specific and ubiquitous type of item or artefact: the disposable plastic bag. We conclude that the two studies together demonstrate that, through giving primacy to material culture, contemporary archaeology can (1) serve as a cross-disciplinary framework for tackling environmental pollution, and (2) provide a basis for shaping practice and informing policy.","PeriodicalId":54020,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Archaeology","volume":"7 1","pages":"276-306"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48581870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Towards an Integral Forensic Anthropology: Observations on the Search for Detained and Disappeared Persons in Argentina and Uruguay","authors":"C. M. Suárez, Bruno Rosignoli","doi":"10.1558/JCA.40041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/JCA.40041","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54020,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Archaeology","volume":"7 1","pages":"169-189"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46164684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In an attempt at situating the experiences of common people within larger historical structures, this paper takes inspiration from innovative historiographical approaches, in particular "history from below". After introductory thoughts on the practice of writing history, we trace several distinct yet interconnected moments in the political history of Iran that have unfolded over the course of three generations. Our textual narrative is accompanied by an artistic rendering, which not only encourages readers to recognize different formats through which the past can be accessed, but also invites them to experience history as an accumulation of storylines. 800x600 Normal 0 false false false EN-US ZH-CN AR-SA MicrosoftInternetExplorer4
为了将普通人的经历置于更大的历史结构中,本文从创新的史学方法中获得了灵感,特别是“来自下方的历史”。在对书写历史的实践进行了介绍性思考后,我们追溯了伊朗政治史上三代人经历的几个不同但相互关联的时刻。我们的文本叙事伴随着艺术渲染,这不仅鼓励读者识别可以访问过去的不同形式,还邀请他们将历史作为故事情节的积累来体验。800x600 Normal 0 false false EN-US ZH-CN AR-SA MicrosoftInternetExplorer4
{"title":"The Weight of History: Visual Narratives for an Autobiographic Archaeology","authors":"M. Starzmann, Leila Papoli-Yazdi","doi":"10.1558/jca.38946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/jca.38946","url":null,"abstract":"In an attempt at situating the experiences of common people within larger historical structures, this paper takes inspiration from innovative historiographical approaches, in particular \"history from below\". After introductory thoughts on the practice of writing history, we trace several distinct yet interconnected moments in the political history of Iran that have unfolded over the course of three generations. Our textual narrative is accompanied by an artistic rendering, which not only encourages readers to recognize different formats through which the past can be accessed, but also invites them to experience history as an accumulation of storylines. 800x600 Normal 0 false false false EN-US ZH-CN AR-SA MicrosoftInternetExplorer4","PeriodicalId":54020,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Archaeology","volume":"7 1","pages":"23-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49274251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This essay explores multiple aspects of a domestic tourism boom that has occurred in Ladakh, India, over the past two decades. It considers the nature of tourism itself within the context of leisure as a commodity and how visual interventions and photographic practices brand a tourist destination as a consumable idea, making a case for the inseparability of image and destination and arguing that the constructed image of a destination attracts a collective gaze. This perspective is then applied to the consumerist trajectory/ tragedy of Ladakh, which since the economic liberalization of India has been visually negotiated through imageries of the area as a destination for adventure and exotica. This experience is enacted through the consumerist practices of packaged tourism, and through a visual exploration of material remains—the paper documents material leftovers discarded by tourists.
{"title":"After the Tourists Depart: Visual Postmortem of a New Tourist Destination","authors":"Sreedeep Bhattacharya","doi":"10.1558/jca.37773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/jca.37773","url":null,"abstract":"This essay explores multiple aspects of a domestic tourism boom that has occurred in Ladakh, India, over the past two decades. It considers the nature of tourism itself within the context of leisure as a commodity and how visual interventions and photographic practices brand a tourist destination as a consumable idea, making a case for the inseparability of image and destination and arguing that the constructed image of a destination attracts a collective gaze. This perspective is then applied to the consumerist trajectory/ tragedy of Ladakh, which since the economic liberalization of India has been visually negotiated through imageries of the area as a destination for adventure and exotica. This experience is enacted through the consumerist practices of packaged tourism, and through a visual exploration of material remains—the paper documents material leftovers discarded by tourists.","PeriodicalId":54020,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Archaeology","volume":"13 5","pages":"61–78-61–78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41258983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Video supplement to Illustrating Scotland’s Community Heritage Conference by Alex G.C. Hale","authors":"A. Hale","doi":"10.1558/jca.42566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/jca.42566","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54020,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Archaeology","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48388987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An abandoned table in a forgotten avocational workroom exposes the temporalities of archaeological practice and conventional lithic artefact analysis, and reveals creative encounters around the co-creation of self and stone.
{"title":"(Uns)table assemblage","authors":"N. Finlay","doi":"10.1558/jca.37965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/jca.37965","url":null,"abstract":"An abandoned table in a forgotten avocational workroom exposes the temporalities of archaeological practice and conventional lithic artefact analysis, and reveals creative encounters around the co-creation of self and stone.","PeriodicalId":54020,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Archaeology","volume":"7 1","pages":"112–125-112–125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67544718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Drawing on the theories of Michel Foucault’s Discipline and Punish, Hannah Arendt’s Origins of Totalitarianism and Wolfgang Sofsky’s The Order of Terror, this article takes the panoptic layout of Sachsenhausen concentration camp as a case study to explore the diverging intentions of disciplinary and absolute power. Research into the history, architectural layout and social hierarchies of Sachsenhausen can help us to understand the psychological impacts of the built environment and the social structure of the camp on its inmates. The article is based not only on scientific literature but also on eyewitness reports of survivors in the form of written accounts and visual history. Moreover, archaeological material of excavations carried out at Sachsenhausen offers insights into – otherwise undocumented – aspects of daily life, strategies of survival and ways of resistance of the prisoners.
{"title":"From a Laboratory of Power to a Laboratory of Violence: The Panoptic Layout of the Nazi Concentration Camp at Sachsenhausen and the Diverging Intentions of Disciplinary and Absolute Power","authors":"Leanne Rees","doi":"10.1558/jca.40623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/jca.40623","url":null,"abstract":"Drawing on the theories of Michel Foucault’s Discipline and Punish, Hannah Arendt’s Origins of Totalitarianism and Wolfgang Sofsky’s The Order of Terror, this article takes the panoptic layout of Sachsenhausen concentration camp as a case study to explore the diverging intentions of disciplinary and absolute power. Research into the history, architectural layout and social hierarchies of Sachsenhausen can help us to understand the psychological impacts of the built environment and the social structure of the camp on its inmates. The article is based not only on scientific literature but also on eyewitness reports of survivors in the form of written accounts and visual history. Moreover, archaeological material of excavations carried out at Sachsenhausen offers insights into – otherwise undocumented – aspects of daily life, strategies of survival and ways of resistance of the prisoners.","PeriodicalId":54020,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Archaeology","volume":"7 1","pages":"126–148-126–148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1558/jca.40623","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45067287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This illustrated essay discusses the creative practice of 'live drawing' at an annual conference which brings together Scotland's community heritage practitioners. It discusses the application of drawing as documentation whilst people are giving talks about their projects, and critically explores the use of drawing as a 'way of seeing' events that are tied to the past. It develops the idea that the format of the conferences, just like the composition and content of the illustrations, applies framing devices that contain and constrain our creativity, but that can also enable imaginary opportunities when considering the past in the present.
{"title":"By Drawing We Unframe Scotland’s Community Heritage Conference","authors":"A. Hale","doi":"10.1558/jca.38192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/jca.38192","url":null,"abstract":"This illustrated essay discusses the creative practice of 'live drawing' at an annual conference which brings together Scotland's community heritage practitioners. It discusses the application of drawing as documentation whilst people are giving talks about their projects, and critically explores the use of drawing as a 'way of seeing' events that are tied to the past. It develops the idea that the format of the conferences, just like the composition and content of the illustrations, applies framing devices that contain and constrain our creativity, but that can also enable imaginary opportunities when considering the past in the present.","PeriodicalId":54020,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Archaeology","volume":"7 1","pages":"4–22-4–22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42463106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}