The academic field of landscape architecture has taken an increasing interest in scholarly productivity and the impact of faculty research. Quantitative measures of academic output and reputation are important assessment tools used by many academic disciplines, especially for promotion and tenure evaluation. Citation analysis, one approach used for these purposes that combines metrics for productivity and impact, is seen as an effective way to assess scholarly activity in related fields such as urban planning and tourism. Universities are increasingly employing metrics of this kind to measure faculty members’ scholarly productivity and impacts alongside their teaching and service records. This article applies citation analysis to the landscape architecture faculty inNorth America. UsingGoogle Scholar data, we analyzed four citation measures (total citation counts, h-index, hI,norm, and hI,annual) for tenure-track faculty. The results show that citation activity is correlated with rank (assistant, associate, or full professor), degree type (doctorate vs. non-doctorate), and number of years since first publication, with no detectable differences between male and female scholars.We found that landscape architecture faculty ranking in the top 20% according to total citation counts accounted for 87% of total citations, and 15% of the tenure-track faculty in the field have no citation records.Webelieve that our methods and findings can be used as a complementary measure to assess the level of scholarly contributions at the individual and program levels.
{"title":"Evaluating Scholarly Productivity and Impacts of Landscape Architecture Faculty Using Citation Analysis","authors":"Keunhyun Park, Thomas W Sanchez, Jessica Zuban","doi":"10.3368/lj.41.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/lj.41.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"The academic field of landscape architecture has taken an increasing interest in scholarly productivity and the impact of faculty research. Quantitative measures of academic output and reputation are important assessment tools used by many academic disciplines, especially for promotion and tenure evaluation. Citation analysis, one approach used for these purposes that combines metrics for productivity and impact, is seen as an effective way to assess scholarly activity in related fields such as urban planning and tourism. Universities are increasingly employing metrics of this kind to measure faculty members’ scholarly productivity and impacts alongside their teaching and service records. This article applies citation analysis to the landscape architecture faculty inNorth America. UsingGoogle Scholar data, we analyzed four citation measures (total citation counts, h-index, hI,norm, and hI,annual) for tenure-track faculty. The results show that citation activity is correlated with rank (assistant, associate, or full professor), degree type (doctorate vs. non-doctorate), and number of years since first publication, with no detectable differences between male and female scholars.We found that landscape architecture faculty ranking in the top 20% according to total citation counts accounted for 87% of total citations, and 15% of the tenure-track faculty in the field have no citation records.Webelieve that our methods and findings can be used as a complementary measure to assess the level of scholarly contributions at the individual and program levels.","PeriodicalId":54062,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Journal","volume":"41 1","pages":"1 - 14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41437828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Waymarking Italy’s Influence on the American Environmental Imagination While on Pilgrimage to Assisi","authors":"Viola Ardeni","doi":"10.3368/lj.41.1.119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/lj.41.1.119","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54062,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Journal","volume":"41 1","pages":"119 - 121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44368133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Schools That Heal: Design with Health in Mind","authors":"Anthony J. Miller","doi":"10.3368/lj.41.1.116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/lj.41.1.116","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54062,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Journal","volume":"41 1","pages":"116 - 118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47822788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jessica Fernandez, Yang Song, M. Padua, Pai-Chien Liu
Parks play a critical role in the health and well-being of people in urban environments. Recent events such as the COVID-19 pandemic have underscored the importance of public parks, particularly in cities. To maximize the benefits of these spaces, it is important to understand the social dimension of site user experiences within successful urban parks. Social media data provide a means to assess public places through the lens of large quantities of site users over time. Recent landscape research studies provide assessments of urban and nature-based locations using social media data and are predominantly quantitative in their methodologies (Havinga et al., 2021; Donahue et al., 2018; Wood et al., 2013). However, incorporating mixed methods into existing approaches can create a better understanding of site user experiences. This study uses 11,419 Tripadvisor reviews from the years 2010 to 2018 in a multi-step process, where qualitative content analysis builds upon Latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) modeling topics to assess the semantic content of Bryant Park, NY. The new framework emerging from this process separates site user perceptions and sentiment positivity into categories. Site design elements are revealed as a major positive focus of site users, along with the position of the park within the urban fabric, site activity consisting of passive pastimes, and the essence of the space related to emotions. The study’s findings can provide guidance for designers and park managers for the creation of successful urban parks and provide another baseline for research on New York City’s parks.
公园对城市环境中人们的健康和福祉起着至关重要的作用。最近发生的事件，如COVID-19大流行，突显了公园的重要性，特别是在城市。为了最大限度地发挥这些空间的优势，了解成功的城市公园中网站用户体验的社会维度是很重要的。社交媒体数据提供了一种通过大量网站用户的视角来评估公共场所的方法。最近的景观研究使用社交媒体数据对城市和基于自然的地点进行评估，其方法主要是定量的(Havinga等人，2021;Donahue et al.， 2018;Wood et al.， 2013)。然而，将混合方法合并到现有方法中可以更好地理解站点用户体验。本研究使用2010年至2018年的11,419条Tripadvisor评论，采用多步骤流程，在潜在狄利克雷分配(Latent Dirichlet allocation, LDA)建模主题的基础上进行定性内容分析，以评估纽约州Bryant Park的语义内容。从这个过程中产生的新框架将网站用户的感知和情绪积极性分类。场地设计元素被揭示为场地用户的主要积极焦点，以及公园在城市结构中的位置，由被动消遣组成的场地活动，以及与情感相关的空间本质。研究结果可以为设计师和公园管理者创造成功的城市公园提供指导，并为纽约市公园的研究提供另一个基准。
{"title":"A Framework for Urban Parks: Using Social Media Data to Assess Bryant Park, New York","authors":"Jessica Fernandez, Yang Song, M. Padua, Pai-Chien Liu","doi":"10.3368/lj.41.1.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/lj.41.1.15","url":null,"abstract":"Parks play a critical role in the health and well-being of people in urban environments. Recent events such as the COVID-19 pandemic have underscored the importance of public parks, particularly in cities. To maximize the benefits of these spaces, it is important to understand the social dimension of site user experiences within successful urban parks. Social media data provide a means to assess public places through the lens of large quantities of site users over time. Recent landscape research studies provide assessments of urban and nature-based locations using social media data and are predominantly quantitative in their methodologies (Havinga et al., 2021; Donahue et al., 2018; Wood et al., 2013). However, incorporating mixed methods into existing approaches can create a better understanding of site user experiences. This study uses 11,419 Tripadvisor reviews from the years 2010 to 2018 in a multi-step process, where qualitative content analysis builds upon Latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) modeling topics to assess the semantic content of Bryant Park, NY. The new framework emerging from this process separates site user perceptions and sentiment positivity into categories. Site design elements are revealed as a major positive focus of site users, along with the position of the park within the urban fabric, site activity consisting of passive pastimes, and the essence of the space related to emotions. The study’s findings can provide guidance for designers and park managers for the creation of successful urban parks and provide another baseline for research on New York City’s parks.","PeriodicalId":54062,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Journal","volume":"41 1","pages":"15 - 29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46252933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the early 2000s, an oil boom in North Dakota’s Bakken, an oil patch contained within tightly formed shale beds underneath 200,000 square miles of the Great Plains, made its mark on the landscape in the form of thousands of new oil wells. The infrastructure to accommodate the wells and thousands of new workers, visible from space at night in the emergent skyglow, has disrupted the region in ways that have largely gone unobserved beyond the reaches of this cold and remote northern location. This paper asks how evidence-based design involving landscape architects and photographers can improve the visual communication in environmental impact statements to support public understanding of natural resource and infrastructure development approvals and impacts in places like the Bakken. We collected geo-referenced public data sets, conducted synchronous fieldwork, and took photographs to map, quantify, analyze, and juxtapose the work as a tandem display. A historical analysis of synchronous work between landscape architects and photographers from the 1860s onward establishes a framework for how such contemporary collaborations can visually communicate the wants of many public voices. The analysis reveals an unspoken dialog between works by pioneers in the photography and landscape architecture fields. We examine works by photographer Carleton Watkins and landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted in the 1860s; photographer Timothy O’Sullivan and landscape architects H. W. S Cleveland and Charles Eliot in the 1890s; environmental planners Warren Manning and Arthur G. Eldredge in the 1900s; and landscape architect Ian McHarg in the 1960s. We also look to more recent collaborations, like the one between landscape architect James Corner and photographer Alex MacLean in the 1990s and the contemporary practices of photographer Richard Misrach and landscape architect Kate Orff in the 2010s. We discuss our cross-disciplinary inquiry, begun in 2014, and the empirical case study evidence we accumulated throughmapping, photographing, and interpreting the large-scale social and environmental impacts of natural resource extraction, accelerated by high volume hydraulic fracking. The visual methods employed in this study are posited as a means of improving the affected environment and potential consequences sections of environmental impact statements. If updated public policies required these methods, stakeholders would be allowed to see and understand the full scope of short- and long-term impacts hidden in long written reports.
{"title":"Seeing the Petrochemical Landscapes of the Bakken","authors":"D. Fischer, Meghan L. E. Kirkwood","doi":"10.3368/lj.41.1.61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/lj.41.1.61","url":null,"abstract":"In the early 2000s, an oil boom in North Dakota’s Bakken, an oil patch contained within tightly formed shale beds underneath 200,000 square miles of the Great Plains, made its mark on the landscape in the form of thousands of new oil wells. The infrastructure to accommodate the wells and thousands of new workers, visible from space at night in the emergent skyglow, has disrupted the region in ways that have largely gone unobserved beyond the reaches of this cold and remote northern location. This paper asks how evidence-based design involving landscape architects and photographers can improve the visual communication in environmental impact statements to support public understanding of natural resource and infrastructure development approvals and impacts in places like the Bakken. We collected geo-referenced public data sets, conducted synchronous fieldwork, and took photographs to map, quantify, analyze, and juxtapose the work as a tandem display. A historical analysis of synchronous work between landscape architects and photographers from the 1860s onward establishes a framework for how such contemporary collaborations can visually communicate the wants of many public voices. The analysis reveals an unspoken dialog between works by pioneers in the photography and landscape architecture fields. We examine works by photographer Carleton Watkins and landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted in the 1860s; photographer Timothy O’Sullivan and landscape architects H. W. S Cleveland and Charles Eliot in the 1890s; environmental planners Warren Manning and Arthur G. Eldredge in the 1900s; and landscape architect Ian McHarg in the 1960s. We also look to more recent collaborations, like the one between landscape architect James Corner and photographer Alex MacLean in the 1990s and the contemporary practices of photographer Richard Misrach and landscape architect Kate Orff in the 2010s. We discuss our cross-disciplinary inquiry, begun in 2014, and the empirical case study evidence we accumulated throughmapping, photographing, and interpreting the large-scale social and environmental impacts of natural resource extraction, accelerated by high volume hydraulic fracking. The visual methods employed in this study are posited as a means of improving the affected environment and potential consequences sections of environmental impact statements. If updated public policies required these methods, stakeholders would be allowed to see and understand the full scope of short- and long-term impacts hidden in long written reports.","PeriodicalId":54062,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Journal","volume":"41 1","pages":"61 - 76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48215363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This perspective essay explores the trajectory of publishing landscape scholarship from the perspectives of the authors and readers, with added consideration for scholarly societies, publishers, and funders. The essay notes some recent trends in expectations for publication and draws implications for what this means to the authors who share their research through peer-reviewed publication, specifically with Landscape Journal. The essay provides suggestions for how to situate and shape the author-venue-reader relationship to address current and future discourse in landscape research, particularly from landscape architecture. Suggestions include making landscape research more freely accessible, shortening times to publication, increasing engagement with scholars from outside of landscape architecture, and valorizing the relationship between Council of Educators in Landscape Architecture members and Landscape Journal.
{"title":"Visions and Expectations for Publishing Landscape Scholarship","authors":"R. Corry","doi":"10.3368/lj.40.2.101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/lj.40.2.101","url":null,"abstract":"This perspective essay explores the trajectory of publishing landscape scholarship from the perspectives of the authors and readers, with added consideration for scholarly societies, publishers, and funders. The essay notes some recent trends in expectations for publication and draws implications for what this means to the authors who share their research through peer-reviewed publication, specifically with Landscape Journal. The essay provides suggestions for how to situate and shape the author-venue-reader relationship to address current and future discourse in landscape research, particularly from landscape architecture. Suggestions include making landscape research more freely accessible, shortening times to publication, increasing engagement with scholars from outside of landscape architecture, and valorizing the relationship between Council of Educators in Landscape Architecture members and Landscape Journal.","PeriodicalId":54062,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Journal","volume":"40 1","pages":"101 - 111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42759337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This case study evaluates the Landscape Lab, a design-build studio and the courtyard where it is taught, at the University of California, Davis. A qualitative methods approach was used to evaluate opportunities and challenges in implementing the design-build model. Issues emerging from prior research on experiential learning were reviewed. An analysis of the pedagogical benefits, programmatic incorporation, and university institutionalization of design-build learning experience and space was undertaken, along with a discussion placing those results in the context of the established literature. Results from the case study demonstrate the need for a design-build educational model to be integrated across multiple scales in the university environment to succeed. Specifically, findings reaffirmed previously explored pedagogical benefits and introduced novel ones, including experiencing design as an iterative process, understanding real-world applicability, developing an understanding and respect for construction and maintenance factors, and building a sense of pride and ownership. At the programmatic level, the design-build model was shown to be an effective means for integrating teaching, research, and outreach in the university setting, and it contributed to building a sense of community. Last, integrating a designbuild program at the institutional scale was determined to be a critical component of its ultimate success and longevity
{"title":"The Campus Landscape as Laboratory: Experiential Learning, Research, Outreach, and Stewardship","authors":"A. Kiers, Patsy Eubanks Owens","doi":"10.3368/lj.40.2.53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/lj.40.2.53","url":null,"abstract":"This case study evaluates the Landscape Lab, a design-build studio and the courtyard where it is taught, at the University of California, Davis. A qualitative methods approach was used to evaluate opportunities and challenges in implementing the design-build model. Issues emerging from prior research on experiential learning were reviewed. An analysis of the pedagogical benefits, programmatic incorporation, and university institutionalization of design-build learning experience and space was undertaken, along with a discussion placing those results in the context of the established literature. Results from the case study demonstrate the need for a design-build educational model to be integrated across multiple scales in the university environment to succeed. Specifically, findings reaffirmed previously explored pedagogical benefits and introduced novel ones, including experiencing design as an iterative process, understanding real-world applicability, developing an understanding and respect for construction and maintenance factors, and building a sense of pride and ownership. At the programmatic level, the design-build model was shown to be an effective means for integrating teaching, research, and outreach in the university setting, and it contributed to building a sense of community. Last, integrating a designbuild program at the institutional scale was determined to be a critical component of its ultimate success and longevity","PeriodicalId":54062,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Journal","volume":"40 1","pages":"53 - 78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45559372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
By the late nineteenth century, U.S. cities were busy building public parks for residents’ leisure and social activities. Before the development of parks, city dwellers had a variety of public spaces available to them, but these landscapes rarely receive the credit due to them. Using historical newspapers, journals, and city documents, this article argues that the very practical public landscapes of seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Boston, New York, and Philadelphia played an important, though frequently unrecognized, role in the development of the nineteenth-century American public park. The very modest utilitarian village green, common, square, and parade ground are the unsung ancestors of public parks. Although they usually did not begin as places for leisure, residents slowly began to layer on new uses and functions, gradually transforming them into park-like places and creating a shared familiarity with the types of activities that would become core to the public park.
{"title":"Before Parks: Public Landscapes in Seventeenth- and Eighteenth-Century Boston, New York, and Philadelphia","authors":"A. Beamish","doi":"10.3368/lj.40.2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/lj.40.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"By the late nineteenth century, U.S. cities were busy building public parks for residents’ leisure and social activities. Before the development of parks, city dwellers had a variety of public spaces available to them, but these landscapes rarely receive the credit due to them. Using historical newspapers, journals, and city documents, this article argues that the very practical public landscapes of seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Boston, New York, and Philadelphia played an important, though frequently unrecognized, role in the development of the nineteenth-century American public park. The very modest utilitarian village green, common, square, and parade ground are the unsung ancestors of public parks. Although they usually did not begin as places for leisure, residents slowly began to layer on new uses and functions, gradually transforming them into park-like places and creating a shared familiarity with the types of activities that would become core to the public park.","PeriodicalId":54062,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Journal","volume":"40 1","pages":"1 - 17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49050996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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