Public spaces exert a direct influence on quality of life, which is why their qualitative and quantitative attributes should be evaluated. In the literature, public spaces have been assessed with various methods, but external conditions, including season, weather, and time of day, and internal conditions, such as lighting and color, have rarely been evaluated. These factors affect the appearance of public spaces, and they can play an important role in assessments and perceptions of space. The presence of such relationships was verified by evaluating the same public space in four seasons of the year. Assessments were based on color photographs. Public spaces were evaluated in a survey where questionnaires were filled out by the respondents at time intervals. The survey was anonymous, and it was conducted online. The population sample comprised 111 people, including local residents and people residing in other parts of Poland. The results of the study clearly indicate that seasons directly affect perceptions of public spaces.
{"title":"Seasons of the Year and Perceptions of Public Spaces","authors":"A. Szczepańska, K. Pietrzyk","doi":"10.3368/lj.40.2.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/lj.40.2.19","url":null,"abstract":"Public spaces exert a direct influence on quality of life, which is why their qualitative and quantitative attributes should be evaluated. In the literature, public spaces have been assessed with various methods, but external conditions, including season, weather, and time of day, and internal conditions, such as lighting and color, have rarely been evaluated. These factors affect the appearance of public spaces, and they can play an important role in assessments and perceptions of space. The presence of such relationships was verified by evaluating the same public space in four seasons of the year. Assessments were based on color photographs. Public spaces were evaluated in a survey where questionnaires were filled out by the respondents at time intervals. The survey was anonymous, and it was conducted online. The population sample comprised 111 people, including local residents and people residing in other parts of Poland. The results of the study clearly indicate that seasons directly affect perceptions of public spaces.","PeriodicalId":54062,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Journal","volume":"40 1","pages":"19 - 35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46039746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Landscape architecture programs often include travel education options as a part of their curriculum. The Savanna Studio, a long-running traveling design program for first-year landscape architecture students, is one such program, though it differs from most other programs because of its regional focus. Through the exploration of the central U.S. savanna region, the program aims to introduce students to the landscape architecture profession, expose them to various landscapes and cultures, and blend course content with travel. This article analyzes survey data from former Savanna Studio participants to document the program’s comprehensive benefits and impacts. Results are analyzed by gender, race/ethnicity, and students’ home location to understand specific identity-based effects. Findings in the survey suggest that the Savanna Studio experience offers a dynamic learning experience that impacts communication skills, cultural awareness and appreciation, and increased interpersonal development. In addition, the Savanna Studio is a powerful vehicle for community building and understanding the landscape architecture field’s breadth and depth. Benefits also differed by gender, race/ethnicity, and home location. The article concludes with considerations for landscape architecture programs that may consider similar travel education initiatives, arguing that these short-term travel experiences are a valuable and feasible option for educational travel.
{"title":"The Savanna Studio Travel Experience: From My Backyard to Broader Benefits","authors":"Hans Klein-Hewett, A. Gansemer-Topf","doi":"10.3368/lj.40.2.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/lj.40.2.37","url":null,"abstract":"Landscape architecture programs often include travel education options as a part of their curriculum. The Savanna Studio, a long-running traveling design program for first-year landscape architecture students, is one such program, though it differs from most other programs because of its regional focus. Through the exploration of the central U.S. savanna region, the program aims to introduce students to the landscape architecture profession, expose them to various landscapes and cultures, and blend course content with travel. This article analyzes survey data from former Savanna Studio participants to document the program’s comprehensive benefits and impacts. Results are analyzed by gender, race/ethnicity, and students’ home location to understand specific identity-based effects. Findings in the survey suggest that the Savanna Studio experience offers a dynamic learning experience that impacts communication skills, cultural awareness and appreciation, and increased interpersonal development. In addition, the Savanna Studio is a powerful vehicle for community building and understanding the landscape architecture field’s breadth and depth. Benefits also differed by gender, race/ethnicity, and home location. The article concludes with considerations for landscape architecture programs that may consider similar travel education initiatives, arguing that these short-term travel experiences are a valuable and feasible option for educational travel.","PeriodicalId":54062,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Journal","volume":"40 1","pages":"37 - 52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45050070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Many studies have evaluated the impacts of urbanization on runoff and non-point source pollutants, few studies have combined hydrologic and water quality simulation models with spatial analyses to assess these impacts at the neighborhood scale, thereby exposing any environmental inequalities. This study applies the Long-Term Hydrologic Impact Assessment (L-THIA) model in Houston, TX, to estimate the current and future urban runoff and nonpoint pollutants for 88 Houston super-neighborhoods. We use hotspot analysis to explore the effects of land use changes on runoff and pollutant loads under different socioeconomic conditions. Comparing current land uses with the predicted 2045 Houston land uses shows that runoff and non-point source pollutants in all Houston super-neighborhoods would worsen by 55%, on average. Particularly, nitrogen, phosphorous, and nickel would have the greatest increase (76.88%, 60.29%, and 59.23%, respectively). Bacterial pollutants, including fecal coliform and fecal strep, are projected to increase by more than 60%. Results also show that disadvantaged communities tend to experience increased flood risk and are likely to face more public health problems from contaminant exposure, compared with advantaged communities. To reduce these risks, prevention and mitigation efforts should be diverted toward improving green infrastructure. Advocacy planning is needed to empower marginalized neighborhoods to combat inequitable effects related to land use change.
{"title":"Simulating the Impact of Land Use Change on Contaminant Transferal during Flood Events in Houston, Texas","authors":"Rui Zhu, Galen D. Newman, Kayode O. Atoba","doi":"10.3368/lj.40.2.79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/lj.40.2.79","url":null,"abstract":"Many studies have evaluated the impacts of urbanization on runoff and non-point source pollutants, few studies have combined hydrologic and water quality simulation models with spatial analyses to assess these impacts at the neighborhood scale, thereby exposing any environmental inequalities. This study applies the Long-Term Hydrologic Impact Assessment (L-THIA) model in Houston, TX, to estimate the current and future urban runoff and nonpoint pollutants for 88 Houston super-neighborhoods. We use hotspot analysis to explore the effects of land use changes on runoff and pollutant loads under different socioeconomic conditions. Comparing current land uses with the predicted 2045 Houston land uses shows that runoff and non-point source pollutants in all Houston super-neighborhoods would worsen by 55%, on average. Particularly, nitrogen, phosphorous, and nickel would have the greatest increase (76.88%, 60.29%, and 59.23%, respectively). Bacterial pollutants, including fecal coliform and fecal strep, are projected to increase by more than 60%. Results also show that disadvantaged communities tend to experience increased flood risk and are likely to face more public health problems from contaminant exposure, compared with advantaged communities. To reduce these risks, prevention and mitigation efforts should be diverted toward improving green infrastructure. Advocacy planning is needed to empower marginalized neighborhoods to combat inequitable effects related to land use change.","PeriodicalId":54062,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Journal","volume":"40 1","pages":"79 - 99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49086072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"About This Issue","authors":"A. Wasserman","doi":"10.1145/861.360084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/861.360084","url":null,"abstract":"Preventing the Link Between and Behaviors:","PeriodicalId":54062,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Journal","volume":"5 1","pages":"vi - vi"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1145/861.360084","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64169107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Better by Design? Architecture, Urban Planning, and the Good City / Building and Dwelling: Ethics for the City","authors":"K. Melcher","doi":"10.3368/lj.41.1.113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/lj.41.1.113","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54062,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Journal","volume":"41 1","pages":"113 - 114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69644108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Johanna Wesche, Edmund Ebner, Gerold Frank, Irene Höller, Walter Guerra
Eine geeignete Pollenspendersorte muss nicht nur einen kompatiblen Pollen zur Hauptsorte aufweisen, sondern die Blühperiode beider Sorten sollte sich auch ausreichend überschneiden. Der Blühtermin ist entscheidend für die Befruchtung der Apfelblüte und beeinflusst somit den Ertrag und die Fruchtqualität. Es stellt sich unter anderem die Frage, ob neue vielversprechende Sorten wie z.B. Minneiska (SweeTango®) oder WA 38 (Cosmic Crisp®) mit den Südtiroler Hauptsorten wie Gala, Golden Delicious oder Cripps Pink (Pink Lady®) eine ausreichende Überschneidung der Blühperiode aufweisen und somit ohne zusätzlichen Pollenspender angebaut werden können. Am Versuchszentrum Laimburg wurden die Blühtermine von 236 verschiedenen Apfelsorten mit einer standardisierten Methode erhoben. Es handelt sich dabei um alte Lokalsorten, die aktuellen Hauptsorten und neue Sorten. Die in dieser Zusammenfassung berücksichtigten Erhebungen wurden von 2010-2020 sowohl am Standorten Laimburg auf 220 m ü. NN, als auch am Standort Latsch auf 670 m ü. NN durchgeführt. Das Ergebnis ist eine fundierte Kategorisierung von rund 200 Apfelsorten aufgrund ihres relativen Blühtermins. Die klimatischen Bedingungen beeinflussen bekanntlich die Blühdauer stark, was sich auch in den Ergebissen an den unterschiedlichen Standorten und Jahren widerspiegelte.
{"title":"Blühtermine alter und neuer Apfelsorten in Südtirol","authors":"Johanna Wesche, Edmund Ebner, Gerold Frank, Irene Höller, Walter Guerra","doi":"10.23796/lj/2021.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23796/lj/2021.010","url":null,"abstract":"Eine geeignete Pollenspendersorte muss nicht nur einen kompatiblen Pollen zur Hauptsorte aufweisen, sondern die Blühperiode beider Sorten sollte sich auch ausreichend überschneiden. Der Blühtermin ist entscheidend für die Befruchtung der Apfelblüte und beeinflusst somit den Ertrag und die Fruchtqualität. Es stellt sich unter anderem die Frage, ob neue vielversprechende Sorten wie z.B. Minneiska (SweeTango®) oder WA 38 (Cosmic Crisp®) mit den Südtiroler Hauptsorten wie Gala, Golden Delicious oder Cripps Pink (Pink Lady®) eine ausreichende Überschneidung der Blühperiode aufweisen und somit ohne zusätzlichen Pollenspender angebaut werden können. Am Versuchszentrum Laimburg wurden die Blühtermine von 236 verschiedenen Apfelsorten mit einer standardisierten Methode erhoben. Es handelt sich dabei um alte Lokalsorten, die aktuellen Hauptsorten und neue Sorten. Die in dieser Zusammenfassung berücksichtigten Erhebungen wurden von 2010-2020 sowohl am Standorten Laimburg auf 220 m ü. NN, als auch am Standort Latsch auf 670 m ü. NN durchgeführt. Das Ergebnis ist eine fundierte Kategorisierung von rund 200 Apfelsorten aufgrund ihres relativen Blühtermins. Die klimatischen Bedingungen beeinflussen bekanntlich die Blühdauer stark, was sich auch in den Ergebissen an den unterschiedlichen Standorten und Jahren widerspiegelte.","PeriodicalId":54062,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68840810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nach wie vor ist die Steigerung des Aromas durch weinbauliche oder onologische Masnahmen beim Weiswein eine Herausforderung fur die Weinproduzenten. Dasselbe gilt fur die Steigerung der phenolischen Reife und Farbausbeute bei Rotwein. Ganz speziell spielen diese beiden Anspruche in Jahrgangen, die Gefahr laufen, Trauben wachsen zu lassen mit ungenugender Reife eine entscheidende Rolle. In der Weinwirtschaft sind jungst Produkte aus selektionierten Hefederivaten im Angebot. Diese speziell entwickelten Hefederivate werden mit zwei Spritzungen auf die gesamte Laubwand, die erste bei Weichwerden der Beeren und die zweite im Abstand von 10-14 Tagen, direkt im Weinberg angewendet. Welche Wirkung genau durch diese Hefederivate hervorgerufen wird ist noch nicht ganz geklart. Laut Hersteller aber sollen sie grundsatzlich bei weisen Traubensorten das Weinaroma intensivieren und bei roten Traubensorten die Phenolische Reife verbessern. Durch dieses Projekt wurde diese Moglichkeit der Aromasteigerung und Verbesserung der Phenol-Struktur angewandt und das Ausmas der Veranderung gemessen.Das Produkt "LalVigne® Aroma" von Lallemand wurde dabei auf neutralen und aromatischen Weissweinsorte getestet, das Produkt "LalVigne® Mature" von Lallemand hingegen auf schweren Rotweinsorten.
{"title":"Einsatz von Hefederivaten zur Steigerung der phenolischen Reife und Aromaintensität von Wein","authors":"Christoph Patauner, Christof Sanoll","doi":"10.23796/LJ/2021.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23796/LJ/2021.007","url":null,"abstract":"Nach wie vor ist die Steigerung des Aromas durch weinbauliche oder onologische Masnahmen beim Weiswein eine Herausforderung fur die Weinproduzenten. Dasselbe gilt fur die Steigerung der phenolischen Reife und Farbausbeute bei Rotwein. Ganz speziell spielen diese beiden Anspruche in Jahrgangen, die Gefahr laufen, Trauben wachsen zu lassen mit ungenugender Reife eine entscheidende Rolle. In der Weinwirtschaft sind jungst Produkte aus selektionierten Hefederivaten im Angebot. Diese speziell entwickelten Hefederivate werden mit zwei Spritzungen auf die gesamte Laubwand, die erste bei Weichwerden der Beeren und die zweite im Abstand von 10-14 Tagen, direkt im Weinberg angewendet. Welche Wirkung genau durch diese Hefederivate hervorgerufen wird ist noch nicht ganz geklart. Laut Hersteller aber sollen sie grundsatzlich bei weisen Traubensorten das Weinaroma intensivieren und bei roten Traubensorten die Phenolische Reife verbessern. Durch dieses Projekt wurde diese Moglichkeit der Aromasteigerung und Verbesserung der Phenol-Struktur angewandt und das Ausmas der Veranderung gemessen.Das Produkt \"LalVigne® Aroma\" von Lallemand wurde dabei auf neutralen und aromatischen Weissweinsorte getestet, das Produkt \"LalVigne® Mature\" von Lallemand hingegen auf schweren Rotweinsorten.","PeriodicalId":54062,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Journal","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43237499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Es gibt bereits eine Vielzahl von Forschungsarbeiten zum Einsatz der Gründünung zur Förderung der Bodenfruchtbarkeit im Weinbau. Die Bodenbearbeitung selbst gibt dabei einen starken Impuls zur Mineralisierung des Stickstoffs im Boden, wie auch Leguminosen in der Einsaatmischung. Dies beschränkt den Einsatz auf Rebanlagen mit schwachem vegetativen Wachstum. Der Einsatz von stickstoffzehrenden Getreidearten wird als mögliche Alternative für die Gründüngung in Rebanlagen mit starkem vegetativen Wachstum in dieser Forschungsarbeit untersucht. Diese Pflanzen sollen die Humusverteilung im Boden verbessern und den durch die Saatbettbereitung freiwerdenden Stickstoff binden und ein stärkeres Wachstum der Reben vermeiden.
{"title":"Gründüngung mittels Wintereinsaat in Weinbergen mit starkem vegetativem Wachstum","authors":"Florian Haas, Raifer Barbara, Julia Martinelli","doi":"10.23796/lj/2021.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23796/lj/2021.006","url":null,"abstract":"Es gibt bereits eine Vielzahl von Forschungsarbeiten zum Einsatz der Gründünung zur Förderung der Bodenfruchtbarkeit im Weinbau. Die Bodenbearbeitung selbst gibt dabei einen starken Impuls zur Mineralisierung des Stickstoffs im Boden, wie auch Leguminosen in der Einsaatmischung. Dies beschränkt den Einsatz auf Rebanlagen mit schwachem vegetativen Wachstum. Der Einsatz von stickstoffzehrenden Getreidearten wird als mögliche Alternative für die Gründüngung in Rebanlagen mit starkem vegetativen Wachstum in dieser Forschungsarbeit untersucht. Diese Pflanzen sollen die Humusverteilung im Boden verbessern und den durch die Saatbettbereitung freiwerdenden Stickstoff binden und ein stärkeres Wachstum der Reben vermeiden.","PeriodicalId":54062,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68840755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Flavia Bianchi, Giuseppe Romano, Sebastian Soppelsa, Massimo Zago, Elena Venir
Le varietà di frutta coltivate per il mercato del fresco spesso si prestano poco alla trasformazione. Per sfruttare le potenzialità intrinseche di talune varietà nell’ottenimento di derivati di qualità, sono state valutate le caratteristiche di quattro varietà di fragole idonee alla coltivazione in Alto Adige, al fine di definire quelle più adatte alla trasformazione in composte. Sulla base di dati di letteratura e di evidenze agronomiche, sono state selezionate le varietà Elsanta, Senga Sengana, Korona e LBA (quest'ultima una selezione di Laimburg) e coltivate in condizioni controllate presso il sito della Val Martello per due anni. Le fragole sono state trasformate in puree e composte, sulle quali sono stati determinati alcuni indici analitici e la loro evoluzione in seguito ai trattamenti di trasformazione ed al tempo di stoccaggio; vengono qui discussi i risultati relativi al colore, alla reologia e al gradimento delle puree e delle composte. Le varietà maggiormente adatte alla trasformazione sono la Senga Sengana e la Korona.
{"title":"Qualità di trasformati di fragole ottenuti da diverse varietà","authors":"Flavia Bianchi, Giuseppe Romano, Sebastian Soppelsa, Massimo Zago, Elena Venir","doi":"10.23796/lj/2021.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23796/lj/2021.004","url":null,"abstract":"Le varietà di frutta coltivate per il mercato del fresco spesso si prestano poco alla trasformazione. Per sfruttare le potenzialità intrinseche di talune varietà nell’ottenimento di derivati di qualità, sono state valutate le caratteristiche di quattro varietà di fragole idonee alla coltivazione in Alto Adige, al fine di definire quelle più adatte alla trasformazione in composte. Sulla base di dati di letteratura e di evidenze agronomiche, sono state selezionate le varietà Elsanta, Senga Sengana, Korona e LBA (quest'ultima una selezione di Laimburg) e coltivate in condizioni controllate presso il sito della Val Martello per due anni. Le fragole sono state trasformate in puree e composte, sulle quali sono stati determinati alcuni indici analitici e la loro evoluzione in seguito ai trattamenti di trasformazione ed al tempo di stoccaggio; vengono qui discussi i risultati relativi al colore, alla reologia e al gradimento delle puree e delle composte. Le varietà maggiormente adatte alla trasformazione sono la Senga Sengana e la Korona.","PeriodicalId":54062,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68840712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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