This paper draws upon three texts from the trial section of the Corpus of English Dialogues, in order to explore the tactical impression management strategies used by Early Modern English courtroom participants (defendants, judges, lawyers and witnesses). I will demonstrate that modern impression management strategies (identified with other activity types in mind) are in evidence in the texts, as are additional courtroom-specific strategies. I discuss the nuances of these impression management tactics, in light of (a) the obvious power differences between the participants involved, (b) the need to be perceived as credible in this legal setting, and (c) their convergence with particular types of face(work).
{"title":"Impression management in the Early Modern English courtroom","authors":"D. Archer","doi":"10.1075/JHP.00019.ARC","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/JHP.00019.ARC","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper draws upon three texts from the trial section of the Corpus of English Dialogues, in\u0000 order to explore the tactical impression management strategies used by Early Modern English courtroom participants (defendants,\u0000 judges, lawyers and witnesses). I will demonstrate that modern impression management strategies (identified with other activity\u0000 types in mind) are in evidence in the texts, as are additional courtroom-specific strategies. I discuss the nuances of these\u0000 impression management tactics, in light of (a) the obvious power differences between the participants involved, (b) the need to be\u0000 perceived as credible in this legal setting, and (c) their convergence with particular types of face(work).","PeriodicalId":54081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Historical Pragmatics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1075/JHP.00019.ARC","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44924776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study examines the affirmatives yes, yea and ay in Early Modern English, more specifically in the period 1560 to 1760. Affirmatives have an obvious role as responses to yes/no questions in dialogues, and so this study demanded the kind of dialogical material provided by the Corpus of English Dialogues 1560–1760. I examine the meanings and contexts of usage of each affirmative: their distribution across time and text-types, their collocates and their occurrence after positive and negative questions. The results challenge a number of issues and claims in the literature, including when the “Germanic pattern” (involving yes and yea after positive or negative questions) dissolved, whether yea or ay were dialectal, and the timing of the rise of ay and the fall of yea.
{"title":"Affirmatives in Early Modern English","authors":"Jonathan Culpeper","doi":"10.1075/JHP.00021.CUL","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/JHP.00021.CUL","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This study examines the affirmatives yes, yea and ay in Early Modern English,\u0000 more specifically in the period 1560 to 1760. Affirmatives have an obvious role as responses to yes/no questions in dialogues, and\u0000 so this study demanded the kind of dialogical material provided by the Corpus of English Dialogues 1560–1760. I\u0000 examine the meanings and contexts of usage of each affirmative: their distribution across time and text-types, their collocates\u0000 and their occurrence after positive and negative questions. The results challenge a number of issues and claims in the literature,\u0000 including when the “Germanic pattern” (involving yes and yea after positive or negative\u0000 questions) dissolved, whether yea or ay were dialectal, and the timing of the rise of\u0000 ay and the fall of yea.","PeriodicalId":54081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Historical Pragmatics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1075/JHP.00021.CUL","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46259926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The investigation of the pragmatic marker now in trial proceedings from 1560 to 1800 shows a genre-specific usage profile with regard to its uses and functions. Courtroom “professionals” (lawyers, judges and other officials) use now significantly more frequently than lay speakers (witnesses, victims and defendants). The former use it to segment and highlight stages in the argumentation, as well as to control and to disalign with others’ interactive behaviour. Self-defending litigants share these functional preferences to some extent, while all other lay persons use now for structuring their answers and dominantly in direct-speech contexts. Now in professional legal speech thus functions as a strategic metapragmatic framing strategy.
{"title":"Now in the historical courtroom","authors":"C. Claridge","doi":"10.1075/JHP.00020.CLA","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/JHP.00020.CLA","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The investigation of the pragmatic marker now in trial proceedings from 1560 to 1800 shows a\u0000 genre-specific usage profile with regard to its uses and functions. Courtroom “professionals” (lawyers, judges and other\u0000 officials) use now significantly more frequently than lay speakers (witnesses, victims and defendants). The\u0000 former use it to segment and highlight stages in the argumentation, as well as to control and to disalign with others’ interactive\u0000 behaviour. Self-defending litigants share these functional preferences to some extent, while all other lay persons use\u0000 now for structuring their answers and dominantly in direct-speech contexts. Now in\u0000 professional legal speech thus functions as a strategic metapragmatic framing strategy.","PeriodicalId":54081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Historical Pragmatics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48792958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dialogues in Diachrony: Celebrating Historical Corpora of Speech-related Texts","authors":"","doi":"10.1075/jhp.19.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/jhp.19.2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Historical Pragmatics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43227136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Introduction","authors":"Merja Kytö, T. Walker","doi":"10.1075/jhp.00016.kyt","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/jhp.00016.kyt","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Historical Pragmatics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44064433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper is concerned with the relation between semantics and non-linguistic practice and with change in that relation. The particular case involves two classes of clausal constructions that have lay as their verb and are used in initiating bets. One class involves lay a wager and the other involves lay stake. Associated with the use of these constructions are a number of practices that have to do with what is done with the stakes of the bet. The crucial distinction among these practices in terms of the semantics of lay is whether or not stakes are physically laid down. If they are, then lay is interpretable as naming the physical action. Otherwise, some other interpretation must be sought for lay. I show that, over three centuries, there is a decline in the practice of laying stakes down when lay stake is used. With lay a wager there is no significant change. The result of the changing use of lay stake is that lay is increasingly interpreted as having a metaphoric or abstract meaning. Where the new meaning is metaphoric, this is due not to a deliberate expressive choice on the part of the speaker – as is usually assumed for metaphoric use – but to change in non-linguistic practice.
{"title":"Semantic change through change in non-linguistic practice","authors":"Dan Ponsford","doi":"10.1075/JHP.00011.PON","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/JHP.00011.PON","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper is concerned with the relation between semantics and non-linguistic practice and with change in that relation. The\u0000 particular case involves two classes of clausal constructions that have lay as their verb and are used in\u0000 initiating bets. One class involves lay a wager and the other involves\u0000 lay\u0000 \u0000 stake. Associated with the use of these constructions are a number of practices that have to\u0000 do with what is done with the stakes of the bet. The crucial distinction among these practices in terms of the semantics of\u0000 lay is whether or not stakes are physically laid down. If they are, then lay is\u0000 interpretable as naming the physical action. Otherwise, some other interpretation must be sought for lay. I show\u0000 that, over three centuries, there is a decline in the practice of laying stakes down when\u0000 lay\u0000 \u0000 stake is used. With lay a wager there is no significant change. The\u0000 result of the changing use of lay\u0000 \u0000 stake is that lay is increasingly interpreted\u0000 as having a metaphoric or abstract meaning. Where the new meaning is metaphoric, this is due not to a deliberate expressive choice\u0000 on the part of the speaker – as is usually assumed for metaphoric use – but to change in non-linguistic practice.","PeriodicalId":54081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Historical Pragmatics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1075/JHP.00011.PON","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48189718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper focuses on impoliteness dealt with from a historical pragmatics perspective (Jucker [ed.] 1995; Culpeper and Kádár [eds] 2010; Jucker and Taavitsainen [eds] 2010; etc.). The approach adopted in this study favours a first-order im/politeness view (Watts et al. [eds] 1992; Eelen 2001; etc.), which is mainly concerned with the evaluation of behavioural elements by the participants in a communicative event. As im/politeness in Romanian is under-researched from a historical sociopragmatic perspective, this analysis tries to fill a gap exploring the seventeenth to early-eighteenth century cultural patterns and their characteristics in only two main Romanian provinces, Moldavia and Wallachia (separate states from the Middle Ages until their union in 1859). My analysis is limited to the understanding and practices of “impoliteness” in official settings (court and diplomatic interactions), aiming to capture the production and evaluation, as well as some self-reflexive aspects (Eelen 2001; Kádár 2013) and emotional effects of “impoliteness”. The corpus consists of Moldavian and Wallachian chronicles from the second half of the seventeenth-century and first half of the eighteenth-century, presenting local court life and also scenes at the Ottoman court.
本文主要从历史语用学的角度研究不礼貌行为(Jucker [ed.] 1995;Culpeper and Kádár[编辑]2010;朱克和Taavitsainen[编辑]2010;等等)。本研究采用的方法倾向于一阶礼貌观点(Watts et al. [eds] 1992;Eelen 2001;等)，主要关注交际事件参与者对行为要素的评价。由于从历史社会语用学的角度对罗马尼亚语中的礼貌问题研究不足，本分析试图填补空白，探索17世纪至18世纪早期罗马尼亚两个主要省份的文化模式及其特征，摩尔达维亚和瓦拉几亚(从中世纪到1859年合并的独立国家)。我的分析仅限于在官方场合(法庭和外交互动)中对“不礼貌”的理解和实践，旨在捕捉其产生和评价，以及一些自我反思的方面(Eelen 2001;Kádár 2013)和“不礼貌”的情感影响。语料包括17世纪下半叶和18世纪上半叶的摩尔达维亚和瓦拉几亚编年史，展示了当地的宫廷生活和奥斯曼宫廷的场景。
{"title":"A perspective on “impoliteness” in early modern Romanian court and diplomatic interactions","authors":"M. Constantinescu","doi":"10.1075/JHP.16010.CON","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/JHP.16010.CON","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The paper focuses on impoliteness dealt with from a historical pragmatics perspective (Jucker [ed.] 1995; Culpeper and Kádár [eds] 2010; Jucker and Taavitsainen [eds] 2010; etc.). The approach adopted in this study favours a first-order im/politeness view (Watts et al. [eds] 1992; Eelen 2001; etc.), which is mainly concerned with the evaluation of behavioural elements by the participants in a communicative event. As im/politeness in Romanian is under-researched from a historical sociopragmatic perspective, this analysis tries to fill a gap exploring the seventeenth to early-eighteenth century cultural patterns and their characteristics in only two main Romanian provinces, Moldavia and Wallachia (separate states from the Middle Ages until their union in 1859).\u0000 My analysis is limited to the understanding and practices of “impoliteness” in official settings (court and diplomatic interactions), aiming to capture the production and evaluation, as well as some self-reflexive aspects (Eelen 2001; Kádár 2013) and emotional effects of “impoliteness”. The corpus consists of Moldavian and Wallachian chronicles from the second half of the seventeenth-century and first half of the eighteenth-century, presenting local court life and also scenes at the Ottoman court.","PeriodicalId":54081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Historical Pragmatics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1075/JHP.16010.CON","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46716709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper provides an overview of verbal markers of evidentiality in Early Modern German (1650 to 1800) in light of Boye’s propositional scope hypothesis. The markers under investigation include the semi-auxiliary scheinen (‘to shine, appear, seem’) and the perception verbs sehen (‘see’) and hören (‘hear’). I show that, although Boye’s hypothesis sheds new light on and calls into question previous diachronic accounts of scheinen, it appears not to account fully for why cases where perception verbs do not scope over propositions are also found with evidential readings in light of the larger discourse context. I will show that Boye’s hypothesis is still feasible when such contexts are taken into account. Data are drawn from the German Manchester Corpus (GerManC), a representative multi-register corpus of Early Modern German from 1650 to 1800.
{"title":"Evidentiality and propositional scope in Early Modern German","authors":"R. Whitt","doi":"10.1075/JHP.00013.WHI","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/JHP.00013.WHI","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper provides an overview of verbal markers of evidentiality in Early Modern German (1650 to 1800) in light of Boye’s propositional scope hypothesis. The markers under investigation include the semi-auxiliary scheinen (‘to shine, appear, seem’) and the perception verbs sehen (‘see’) and hören (‘hear’). I show that, although Boye’s hypothesis sheds new light on and calls into question previous diachronic accounts of scheinen, it appears not to account fully for why cases where perception verbs do not scope over propositions are also found with evidential readings in light of the larger discourse context. I will show that Boye’s hypothesis is still feasible when such contexts are taken into account. Data are drawn from the German Manchester Corpus (GerManC), a representative multi-register corpus of Early Modern German from 1650 to 1800.","PeriodicalId":54081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Historical Pragmatics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1075/JHP.00013.WHI","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49300167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Foreign language learning manuals can be valuable sources for the history of pragmatics and historical pragmatics. They may contain explicit guidance on pragmatics not found in native-speaker grammars. For example, accounts of German forms of address in seventeenth- and eighteenth-century English–German manuals provide evidence of changing views on the appropriateness of ihr and Sie earlier than does the “native” grammatical tradition. The bilingual model dialogues that are typical of such manuals may also implicitly model appropriate linguistic behaviour, demonstrated here by examining the communicative genre of bargaining in a series of three related English–Dutch language manuals of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Furthermore, the dialogues may provide metalinguistic comment on linguistic behaviour – for example, by criticizing the culture of excessive negative politeness. Such sources can enrich our knowledge of language use and attitudes to language use in the area of politeness, complementing the evidence to be gleaned from mainstream native grammars, civility manuals, merchants’ guides, and the like.
{"title":"Mining foreign language teaching manuals for the history of pragmatics","authors":"N. McLelland","doi":"10.1075/JHP.00012.MCL","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/JHP.00012.MCL","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Foreign language learning manuals can be valuable sources for the history of pragmatics and historical pragmatics. They may contain\u0000 explicit guidance on pragmatics not found in native-speaker grammars. For example, accounts of German forms of address in\u0000 seventeenth- and eighteenth-century English–German manuals provide evidence of changing views on the appropriateness of\u0000 ihr and Sie earlier than does the “native” grammatical tradition. The bilingual model\u0000 dialogues that are typical of such manuals may also implicitly model appropriate linguistic behaviour, demonstrated here by\u0000 examining the communicative genre of bargaining in a series of three related English–Dutch language manuals of the seventeenth and\u0000 eighteenth centuries. Furthermore, the dialogues may provide metalinguistic comment on linguistic behaviour – for example, by\u0000 criticizing the culture of excessive negative politeness. Such sources can enrich our knowledge of language use and attitudes to\u0000 language use in the area of politeness, complementing the evidence to be gleaned from mainstream native grammars, civility\u0000 manuals, merchants’ guides, and the like.","PeriodicalId":54081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Historical Pragmatics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1075/JHP.00012.MCL","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49096951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Franz Lebsanft and Angela Schrott (eds). Diskurse, Texte, Traditionen. Modelle und Fachkulturen in der\u0000 Diskussion","authors":"Gudrun Held","doi":"10.1075/JHP.00014.HEL","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/JHP.00014.HEL","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Historical Pragmatics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47160767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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