This article reviews Pragmatic Markers in British English: Meaning in Social Interaction 978-1-107-03276-7
这篇文章回顾了英式英语中的语用标记:在社会互动中的意义98-1-107 -03276-7
{"title":"Kate Beeching. 2016. Pragmatic Markers in British English: Meaning in Social Interaction","authors":"G. Mazzon","doi":"10.1075/JHP.00024.MAZ","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/JHP.00024.MAZ","url":null,"abstract":"This article reviews Pragmatic Markers in British English: Meaning in Social Interaction 978-1-107-03276-7","PeriodicalId":54081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Historical Pragmatics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2019-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42700181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study analyses two Old English formulae gret freodlice (‘greets in a friendly manner’) and ic cyðe eow þæt (‘I make it known to you that’), which form a salutation–notification template in a document type called writs. It connects the emergence of this formulaic set to previous oral traditions of delivering news and messages, and to their reflection in dictation practices from at least the time of King Alfred. Their later routinisation and standardisation is seen as a factor brought about by the centralised production of royal writs and their subsequent adoption as templates in monastic scriptoria across the country. These templates continue to be recycled in the early Middle English period both in English and in Latin writs, ultimately shifting to Latin-only documents during the reign of William the Conqueror. Although this shift does not hinder the continuity of the selected bureaucratic template into the later Middle Ages, it affects the structure of the discourse community associated with the chancery norms, consolidating its core (those literate in Latin who are involved in production and preservation of writs) and marginalising its periphery (English speakers who used to make up the informed audience for writs in local courts).
这项研究分析了两个古英语公式gret freodlice（“以友好的方式表达”）和ic cy abl e eowþæt（“我让你知道”），它们在一种称为writs的文档类型中形成了一个称呼-通知模板。它将这种公式化的集合的出现与以前传递新闻和信息的口头传统联系起来，并与至少从阿尔弗雷德国王时代起他们在听写实践中的反思联系起来。他们后来的惯例化和标准化被视为皇家令状的集中生产以及随后在全国各地的修道院脚本中被采用为模板所带来的一个因素。这些模板在中世纪早期的英语和拉丁语书写中继续被回收，最终在征服者威廉统治期间转向了纯拉丁语的文件。尽管这种转变并没有阻碍所选择的官僚模板在中世纪后期的延续，但它影响了与大臣规范相关的话语共同体的结构，巩固其核心（那些懂拉丁语的人，他们参与了令状的制作和保存），并边缘化其外围（讲英语的人，曾经是当地法院令状的知情受众）。
{"title":"Chancery norms before Chancery English?","authors":"O. Timofeeva","doi":"10.1075/JHP.16004.TIM","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/JHP.16004.TIM","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This study analyses two Old English formulae gret\u0000 freodlice (‘greets in a friendly manner’) and ic cyðe eow\u0000 þæt (‘I make it known to you that’), which form a salutation–notification template in a document type called writs. It\u0000 connects the emergence of this formulaic set to previous oral traditions of\u0000 delivering news and messages, and to their reflection in dictation practices\u0000 from at least the time of King Alfred. Their later routinisation and\u0000 standardisation is seen as a factor brought about by the centralised production\u0000 of royal writs and their subsequent adoption as templates in monastic scriptoria\u0000 across the country. These templates continue to be recycled in the early Middle\u0000 English period both in English and in Latin writs, ultimately shifting to\u0000 Latin-only documents during the reign of William the Conqueror. Although this\u0000 shift does not hinder the continuity of the selected bureaucratic template into\u0000 the later Middle Ages, it affects the structure of the discourse community\u0000 associated with the chancery norms, consolidating its core (those literate in\u0000 Latin who are involved in production and preservation of writs) and\u0000 marginalising its periphery (English speakers who used to make up the informed\u0000 audience for writs in local courts).","PeriodicalId":54081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Historical Pragmatics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2019-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46164576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Composite predicates (CPs), that is, complex predicate structures comprising a light verb and an eventive noun (e.g., make a move or give a speech) are common in Present-day English and are particularly characteristic of spoken language. The aim of the paper is to trace language changes involving CPs from 1560 to 1760, a period in which the use of CPs has not yet received adequate scholarly attention. Specifically, the study examines the frequencies, lexical productivity and syntactic patterns of CPs in two types of Early Modern English (EModE) dialogues, drawn from Trial Proceedings and Drama Comedy sampled in A Corpus of English Dialogues 1560–1760 – a 1.2-million word computerized corpus of EModE speech-related texts. The results reveal significant differences between the two types of dialogue and shed light on the development of CPs in association with grammaticalization and lexicalization.
复合谓语(CPs)，即由一个轻动词和一个事件名词组成的复杂谓语结构(例如，make a move或give a speech)在现代英语中很常见，是口语的特别特点。本文的目的是追溯语言变化涉及从1560年至1760年的CPs，在这一时期，CPs的使用还没有得到足够的学术关注。具体来说，本研究考察了两种早期现代英语(EModE)对话中CPs的频率、词汇生产力和句法模式，这些对话取自《1560-1760年英语对话语料库》(一个120万字的EModE语音相关文本的计算机语料库)中的审判程序和戏剧喜剧。研究结果揭示了两种类型的对话之间的显著差异，并揭示了语法化和词汇化与cp发展的关系。
{"title":"A corpus-based study of composite predicates in Early Modern English dialogues","authors":"Ying Wang","doi":"10.1075/JHP.16011.WAN","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/JHP.16011.WAN","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Composite predicates (CPs), that is, complex predicate structures comprising a light verb and an eventive noun\u0000 (e.g., make a move or give a speech) are common in Present-day English and are particularly\u0000 characteristic of spoken language. The aim of the paper is to trace language changes involving CPs from 1560 to 1760, a period in\u0000 which the use of CPs has not yet received adequate scholarly attention. Specifically, the study examines the frequencies, lexical\u0000 productivity and syntactic patterns of CPs in two types of Early Modern English (EModE) dialogues, drawn from Trial Proceedings and Drama\u0000 Comedy sampled in A Corpus of English Dialogues 1560–1760 – a 1.2-million word computerized corpus of EModE\u0000 speech-related texts. The results reveal significant differences between the two types of dialogue and shed light on the\u0000 development of CPs in association with grammaticalization and lexicalization.","PeriodicalId":54081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Historical Pragmatics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2019-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42452348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper explores conceptualisations of xoshbaxti (‘happiness / prosperity’) and baxt (‘fate / luck’) in Persian, adopting a combined historical and contemporary analysis. The expression xoshbaxti consists of the free morphemes xosh (‘pleasant’) and baxt (‘fate’). The root of baxt originates from the Proto-Indo-European language (bʰeh₂g). An historical analysis returning all the way to the Proto-Indo-Iranian religion shows that the concept of baxt captured the idea of a pre-determined destiny by conceptualising Bhaga as a god who dispenses fortune. Data from a number of Persian encyclopaedias, dictionaries and weblogs, as well as a word association task carried out by a group of speakers of Persian, revealed that xoshbaxti in contemporary Persian is largely associated with what is considered to be a “good” married life. Overall, the findings of this study illustrate the usefulness of combining diachronic and synchronic approaches when analysing cultural conceptualisations. The study also shows that attempts to trace the historical roots of cultural conceptualisations may benefit from insights gained in other fields, such as the history of religions. In this context, the multidisciplinary nature of the newly developed field of Cultural Linguistics provides an effective basis for cross-disciplinary openness, which has the potential to deepen the scope of analyses undertaken.
{"title":"Conceptualisations of xoshbaxti (‘happiness / prosperity’) and baxt (‘fate / luck’) in Persian","authors":"F. Sharifian, M. Bagheri","doi":"10.1075/JHP.16006.SHA","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/JHP.16006.SHA","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This paper explores conceptualisations of xoshbaxti (‘happiness / prosperity’) and baxt (‘fate / luck’) in Persian, adopting a combined historical and contemporary analysis. The expression xoshbaxti consists of the free morphemes xosh (‘pleasant’) and baxt (‘fate’).\u0000The root of baxt originates from the Proto-Indo-European language (bʰeh₂g). An historical analysis returning all the way to the Proto-Indo-Iranian religion shows that the concept of baxt captured the idea of a pre-determined destiny by conceptualising Bhaga as a god who dispenses fortune. Data from a number of Persian encyclopaedias, dictionaries and weblogs, as well as a word association task carried out by a group of speakers of Persian, revealed that xoshbaxti in contemporary Persian is largely associated with what is considered to be a “good” married life. Overall, the findings of this study illustrate the usefulness of combining diachronic and synchronic approaches when analysing cultural conceptualisations. The study also shows that attempts to trace the historical roots of cultural conceptualisations may benefit from insights gained in other fields, such as the history of religions. In this context, the multidisciplinary nature of the newly developed field of Cultural Linguistics provides an effective basis for cross-disciplinary openness, which has the potential to deepen the scope of analyses undertaken.","PeriodicalId":54081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Historical Pragmatics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2019-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47510980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study examines an unexplored type of speech act named jian, which took place uniquely in the context of ancient China. Taking it as a Power Threatening Act rather than a commonly studied Face Threatening Act, this study examined remonstrators’ strategic modulation of their jian, and the factors that might have influenced the choice of modulation strategies. The data come from Zizhi Tongjian. The major findings are as follows: first, the speech act of jian contained both ritualised and non-ritualised aspects; second, remonstrators would adopt different modulation strategies when performing jian, which can be generally divided into three modulation orientations of redress, aggravation, and a combination of redress and aggravation, with different degrees of rituality; third, the choices of modulation strategies reflected the game playing of the requirements of affiliational propriety and illocutionary effect within the jian act.
{"title":"Doing Power Threatening Acts (PTAs) in ancient China","authors":"Xingchen Shen, Xinren Chen","doi":"10.1075/JHP.17002.SHE","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/JHP.17002.SHE","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This study examines an unexplored type of speech act named jian, which took place uniquely in the\u0000 context of ancient China. Taking it as a Power Threatening Act rather than a commonly studied Face Threatening Act, this study\u0000 examined remonstrators’ strategic modulation of their jian, and the factors that might have influenced the choice\u0000 of modulation strategies. The data come from Zizhi Tongjian. The major findings are as follows: first, the speech\u0000 act of jian contained both ritualised and non-ritualised aspects; second, remonstrators would adopt different\u0000 modulation strategies when performing jian, which can be generally divided into three modulation orientations of\u0000 redress, aggravation, and a combination of redress and aggravation, with different degrees of rituality; third, the choices of\u0000 modulation strategies reflected the game playing of the requirements of affiliational propriety and illocutionary effect within\u0000 the jian act.","PeriodicalId":54081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Historical Pragmatics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2019-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49503767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"James Daybell and Andrew Gordon (eds). 2016. Women and Epistolary Agency in Early Modern Culture, 1450–1690","authors":"Helen Newsome","doi":"10.1075/JHP.00025.NEW","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/JHP.00025.NEW","url":null,"abstract":"This article reviews Women and Epistolary Agency in Early Modern Culture, 1450–1690 978-1-47-247826-9","PeriodicalId":54081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Historical Pragmatics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2019-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44132405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The English and Swedish Drama Dialogue (ESDD) corpus is a sociopragmatically tagged corpus of English and Swedish drama texts from the eighteenth, nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Using this corpus, I investigated the use of the address terms Fool, Dear, Sir and Brother. The study focused on the contexts where these terms were found and traced diachronic usage patterns. The main questions asked in the investigation concerned, first, the speaker’s attitude towards the addressees when using the address phrases and whether attitudes connected with particular phrases changed over time; second, whether the phrases could be said to signal intimacy or distance between the interlocutors.
{"title":"“Heav’n bess you, my Dear”","authors":"Linnéa Anglemark","doi":"10.1075/JHP.00018.ANG","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/JHP.00018.ANG","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The English and Swedish Drama Dialogue (ESDD) corpus is a sociopragmatically tagged corpus of\u0000 English and Swedish drama texts from the eighteenth, nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Using this corpus, I investigated the use\u0000 of the address terms Fool, Dear, Sir and Brother. The study focused on the contexts where these\u0000 terms were found and traced diachronic usage patterns. The main questions asked in the investigation concerned, first, the\u0000 speaker’s attitude towards the addressees when using the address phrases and whether attitudes connected with particular phrases\u0000 changed over time; second, whether the phrases could be said to signal intimacy or distance between the interlocutors.","PeriodicalId":54081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Historical Pragmatics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1075/JHP.00018.ANG","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47988878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article is concerned with “speech descriptors”, markers that describe or evaluate the nature of represented speech, such as very modestly in “The Gentlewoman very modestly bade him welcome” (CED, D2FKIT). The form, frequency and function of such features are charted in Early Modern English prose fiction, drawn from A Corpus of English Dialogues 1560–1760, and the results are compared to those of Grund (2017a), which considers speech descriptors in contemporaneous witness depositions. The comparison reveals generic differences and points to the importance of studying speech descriptors for our understanding of the dynamics of speech representation in the history of English.
{"title":"Beyond speech representation","authors":"P. Grund","doi":"10.1075/JHP.00022.GRU","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/JHP.00022.GRU","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article is concerned with “speech descriptors”, markers that describe or evaluate the nature of represented\u0000 speech, such as very modestly in “The Gentlewoman very modestly bade him welcome” (CED, D2FKIT). The form,\u0000 frequency and function of such features are charted in Early Modern English prose fiction, drawn from A Corpus of English\u0000 Dialogues 1560–1760, and the results are compared to those of Grund\u0000 (2017a), which considers speech descriptors in contemporaneous witness depositions. The comparison reveals generic\u0000 differences and points to the importance of studying speech descriptors for our understanding of the dynamics of speech\u0000 representation in the history of English.","PeriodicalId":54081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Historical Pragmatics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1075/JHP.00022.GRU","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44438378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, the use of two roughly synonymous temporal adverbial links, ere and before, will be discussed. The survey will cover the history of English, from Old to Present-day English. It is based on historical corpora, particularly on the Corpus of English Dialogues (1560–1760). Ere (Old English ær) was originally temporal, while before (Old English beforan) goes back to the spatial form. In Old English and Early Middle English ere is clearly more common than before; from Late Middle English on, before becomes the more favoured link. The Corpus of English Dialogues and later corpora indicate that the use of ere is remarkably restricted to informal and speech-related discourse.
{"title":"Ere and before in English historical corpora, with special reference to the\u0000 Corpus of English Dialogues","authors":"M. Rissanen","doi":"10.1075/JHP.00023.RIS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/JHP.00023.RIS","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In this paper, the use of two roughly synonymous temporal adverbial links, ere and\u0000 before, will be discussed. The survey will cover the history of English, from Old to Present-day English. It\u0000 is based on historical corpora, particularly on the Corpus of English Dialogues (1560–1760). Ere\u0000 (Old English ær) was originally temporal, while before (Old English beforan)\u0000 goes back to the spatial form. In Old English and Early Middle English ere is clearly more common than\u0000 before; from Late Middle English on, before becomes the more favoured link. The\u0000 Corpus of English Dialogues and later corpora indicate that the use of ere is remarkably\u0000 restricted to informal and speech-related discourse.","PeriodicalId":54081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Historical Pragmatics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1075/JHP.00023.RIS","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45043903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This corpus study compares lexical bundles found in the language input of a selection of historical and current English language teaching materials to see what insights they can give into changes in spoken language use. English teaching texts published between 1905 and 1917 were used to construct a historical corpus, and a collection of English language self-study texts published between 2004 and 2014 were used for comparison. Both groups of texts focused on spoken language. The most frequent three-word lexical bundles extracted from each corpus varied considerably. The contemporary texts showed both a greater use of formulaic language and more syntactic complexity within it, while the historical texts relied on simpler structures. An exploratory analysis of the lexical bundles in the historical texts suggests, however, that viewed in conjunction with other historical sources, they can assist in building a picture of spoken language use of the period.
{"title":"Lexical bundles from one century to the next","authors":"Rachel Allan","doi":"10.1075/JHP.00017.ALL","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/JHP.00017.ALL","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This corpus study compares lexical bundles found in the language input of a selection of historical and current\u0000 English language teaching materials to see what insights they can give into changes in spoken language use. English teaching texts\u0000 published between 1905 and 1917 were used to construct a historical corpus, and a collection of English language self-study texts\u0000 published between 2004 and 2014 were used for comparison. Both groups of texts focused on spoken language. The most frequent\u0000 three-word lexical bundles extracted from each corpus varied considerably. The contemporary texts showed both a greater use of\u0000 formulaic language and more syntactic complexity within it, while the historical texts relied on simpler structures. An\u0000 exploratory analysis of the lexical bundles in the historical texts suggests, however, that viewed in conjunction with other\u0000 historical sources, they can assist in building a picture of spoken language use of the period.","PeriodicalId":54081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Historical Pragmatics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1075/JHP.00017.ALL","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41379450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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