Pub Date : 2025-03-15DOI: 10.23919/comex.2025XBL0041
Hiroya Nishide;Akihide Sano
This paper describes the benefits of frequency-dependent signal input power control in ultra-wideband wavelength-division multiplexed (UWB-WDM) transmission using only distributed Raman amplification (DRA). We evaluate the transmission performance of both backward pumping and bidirectional pumping configurations, and show that a significant improvement in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and total throughput is obtained in backward pumping, while the improvements are much smaller in bidirectional pumping.
{"title":"SNR Analysis of Ultra-Wideband WDM Transmission Using All-Raman Amplification with Frequency-Dependent Signal Power Control","authors":"Hiroya Nishide;Akihide Sano","doi":"10.23919/comex.2025XBL0041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/comex.2025XBL0041","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the benefits of frequency-dependent signal input power control in ultra-wideband wavelength-division multiplexed (UWB-WDM) transmission using only distributed Raman amplification (DRA). We evaluate the transmission performance of both backward pumping and bidirectional pumping configurations, and show that a significant improvement in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and total throughput is obtained in backward pumping, while the improvements are much smaller in bidirectional pumping.","PeriodicalId":54101,"journal":{"name":"IEICE Communications Express","volume":"14 7","pages":"267-270"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11005708","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144671113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-15DOI: 10.23919/comex.2025XBL0059
Hirotaka Ujikawa;Yuka Okamoto;Tatsuya Shimada;Tomoaki Yoshida
We develop and evaluate the TransportPCE-based controller for transport networks with fiber cross connects (FXCs) in addition to ROADMs for the first time. FXC-only-path provisioning is completed in 1433 msec, significantly quicker than ROADM paths.
{"title":"Evaluation of Open Controller for Hybrid Optical Transport Network: Fiber Cross Connects and ROADMs","authors":"Hirotaka Ujikawa;Yuka Okamoto;Tatsuya Shimada;Tomoaki Yoshida","doi":"10.23919/comex.2025XBL0059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/comex.2025XBL0059","url":null,"abstract":"We develop and evaluate the TransportPCE-based controller for transport networks with fiber cross connects (FXCs) in addition to ROADMs for the first time. FXC-only-path provisioning is completed in 1433 msec, significantly quicker than ROADM paths.","PeriodicalId":54101,"journal":{"name":"IEICE Communications Express","volume":"14 7","pages":"292-295"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11005710","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144671196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-15DOI: 10.23919/comex.2025XBT0001
Hideya So
The primary objective of this letter is to identify the optimal relay positions theoretically for one-way relay protocols. Account is taken of the signal propagation scenario typically experienced by the communication systems utilizing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). This letter focuses on a relay network using UAVs, where it is necessary to consider the geometric network configuration including the relay location most suitable to the surrounding environment. This letter assumes the Decode-and-Forward (DF), Lossy Forward (LF), and Adaptive Decode-and-Forward (ADF) protocols in the one-way UAV relay network having Source, Destination, and Relay nodes, and derive theoretically their outage probabilities. Results of numerical calculations are presented to demonstrate the optimal positions in several propagation environments.
{"title":"Optimal Relay Positions in Cooperative UAV Relay Networks","authors":"Hideya So","doi":"10.23919/comex.2025XBT0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/comex.2025XBT0001","url":null,"abstract":"The primary objective of this letter is to identify the optimal relay positions theoretically for one-way relay protocols. Account is taken of the signal propagation scenario typically experienced by the communication systems utilizing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). This letter focuses on a relay network using UAVs, where it is necessary to consider the geometric network configuration including the relay location most suitable to the surrounding environment. This letter assumes the Decode-and-Forward (DF), Lossy Forward (LF), and Adaptive Decode-and-Forward (ADF) protocols in the one-way UAV relay network having Source, Destination, and Relay nodes, and derive theoretically their outage probabilities. Results of numerical calculations are presented to demonstrate the optimal positions in several propagation environments.","PeriodicalId":54101,"journal":{"name":"IEICE Communications Express","volume":"14 7","pages":"287-291"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11005709","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144671240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper proposes a hybrid hierarchical network design scheme with wavelength conversion (H2NDS) to design a low-delay network by integrating a conventional IP network and an optical network with wavelength conversion devices. In H2NDS, the network is divided into multiple domains, and wavelength converter devices and router devices are located at the relay node, an interconnection point between these domains. H2NDS is formulated as an integer linear programming problem to the sum of the delay of all end-to-end paths (delay) with constraint of the number of wavelengths in the optical network. Each end-to-end path selects the optimal relay node and selects either the router or wavelength converter devices to minimize the delay. The evaluation results showed that H2NDS significantly improved the delay performance compared to the benchmark model in which all end nodes belong to the nearest relay node, achieving a maximum reduction of 77.9 %.
{"title":"Hybrid Hierarchical Network Design Scheme with Wavelength Conversion","authors":"Reon Doai;Rie Hayashi;Tatsuya Matsukawa;Takeshi Seki;Takashi Miyamura;Akio Kawabata","doi":"10.23919/comex.2025XBL0030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/comex.2025XBL0030","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a hybrid hierarchical network design scheme with wavelength conversion (H2NDS) to design a low-delay network by integrating a conventional IP network and an optical network with wavelength conversion devices. In H2NDS, the network is divided into multiple domains, and wavelength converter devices and router devices are located at the relay node, an interconnection point between these domains. H2NDS is formulated as an integer linear programming problem to the sum of the delay of all end-to-end paths (delay) with constraint of the number of wavelengths in the optical network. Each end-to-end path selects the optimal relay node and selects either the router or wavelength converter devices to minimize the delay. The evaluation results showed that H2NDS significantly improved the delay performance compared to the benchmark model in which all end nodes belong to the nearest relay node, achieving a maximum reduction of 77.9 %.","PeriodicalId":54101,"journal":{"name":"IEICE Communications Express","volume":"14 05","pages":"197-200"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10924639","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143896345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-12DOI: 10.23919/comex.2025XBL0015
Koichiro Nakamura;Takeshi Higashino
In this letter, we propose a new fault detection method in a wired-wireless multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) transmission over an analog radio-on-fiber (A-RoF) network. The A-RoF architecture makes the configuration of the remote node simple, however, lots of radio frequency (RF)-band analog devices are used in it, such as semiconductor fiber laser, optical fiber link, photo-detector and electrical amplifiers, and the methodology for detecting the fault on these devices has not been discussed. Conventional methods require dedicated devices for sending fault messages via out-of-band wireless data transmission, which increases the hardware requirement of the whole system configuration. This letter proposes a machine learning approach in an A-RoF-based MIMO transmission without any additional devices.
{"title":"A New Fault Detection Method Using Machine Learning in Analog Radio-on-Fiber MIMO Transmission System","authors":"Koichiro Nakamura;Takeshi Higashino","doi":"10.23919/comex.2025XBL0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/comex.2025XBL0015","url":null,"abstract":"In this letter, we propose a new fault detection method in a wired-wireless multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) transmission over an analog radio-on-fiber (A-RoF) network. The A-RoF architecture makes the configuration of the remote node simple, however, lots of radio frequency (RF)-band analog devices are used in it, such as semiconductor fiber laser, optical fiber link, photo-detector and electrical amplifiers, and the methodology for detecting the fault on these devices has not been discussed. Conventional methods require dedicated devices for sending fault messages via out-of-band wireless data transmission, which increases the hardware requirement of the whole system configuration. This letter proposes a machine learning approach in an A-RoF-based MIMO transmission without any additional devices.","PeriodicalId":54101,"journal":{"name":"IEICE Communications Express","volume":"14 05","pages":"174-176"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10924587","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143896427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-12DOI: 10.23919/comex.2025XBL0016
Daisuke Hisano;Shinnosuke Yagi
Signal compression for fronthaul links has been actively studied, and the most common fixed compression method is the application of nonlinear quantizers. However, optimization such as clipping ratio (CR) is necessary for proper use of nonlinear quantizers. This paper proposes a nonlinear quantizer based on deep learning, called a neural quantizer. In this paper, we present the configuration of the neural quantizer and show that its performance is comparable to that of a CR-optimized nonlinear quantizer. We implement the proposed neural quantizer in FPGA, measure the processing delay, and show that it works within the desired processing time.
{"title":"Neural Quantizer for Fronthaul Compression: Design and FPGA Implementation","authors":"Daisuke Hisano;Shinnosuke Yagi","doi":"10.23919/comex.2025XBL0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/comex.2025XBL0016","url":null,"abstract":"Signal compression for fronthaul links has been actively studied, and the most common fixed compression method is the application of nonlinear quantizers. However, optimization such as clipping ratio (CR) is necessary for proper use of nonlinear quantizers. This paper proposes a nonlinear quantizer based on deep learning, called a neural quantizer. In this paper, we present the configuration of the neural quantizer and show that its performance is comparable to that of a CR-optimized nonlinear quantizer. We implement the proposed neural quantizer in FPGA, measure the processing delay, and show that it works within the desired processing time.","PeriodicalId":54101,"journal":{"name":"IEICE Communications Express","volume":"14 05","pages":"193-196"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10924585","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143896428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-12DOI: 10.23919/comex.2025SPL0017
Kei Hanzawa;Shota Matsumoto;Hiroyuki Arai
Leaky wave antenna using dielectric image line has attracted attention as base station antennas in the sub-millimeter wave band because it has high gain and can achieve $text{cosec}^2$ pattern. However, the pattern is affected by the feeding system such as parallel plate. Therefore, we investigated ways to suppress the influence of the feeding system and achieve $text{cosec}^2$ pattern by applying offsets to periodically arranged metal strips.
{"title":"Optimizing the Pattern of Leaky Wave Antenna Using Dielectric Image Line with Feeding System","authors":"Kei Hanzawa;Shota Matsumoto;Hiroyuki Arai","doi":"10.23919/comex.2025SPL0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/comex.2025SPL0017","url":null,"abstract":"Leaky wave antenna using dielectric image line has attracted attention as base station antennas in the sub-millimeter wave band because it has high gain and can achieve <tex>$text{cosec}^2$</tex> pattern. However, the pattern is affected by the feeding system such as parallel plate. Therefore, we investigated ways to suppress the influence of the feeding system and achieve <tex>$text{cosec}^2$</tex> pattern by applying offsets to periodically arranged metal strips.","PeriodicalId":54101,"journal":{"name":"IEICE Communications Express","volume":"14 6","pages":"229-232"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10924593","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144196830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To enhance the resilience of optical networks, it is crucial to analyze various performance data in optical networks. However, physical performance data of optical signals in real optical networks are usually hardly acquired. To facilitate the study of resilient optical networks, we propose an advanced testbed to share experimental telemetry data with researchers. Using the proposed testbed, we continuously collect and accumulate optical performance monitoring data from multiple locations with various emulated scenarios of failures/disasters. The accumulated time-series data can be retrieved to form open datasets for researchers based on their specifications for failure/disaster scenarios and periods.
{"title":"Autonomous Telemetry Data Accumulation Testbed with Emulated Failures in Optical Networks","authors":"Masaki Shiraiwa;Yusuke Hirota;Sugang Xu;Yoshinari Awaji","doi":"10.23919/comex.2025XBL0028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/comex.2025XBL0028","url":null,"abstract":"To enhance the resilience of optical networks, it is crucial to analyze various performance data in optical networks. However, physical performance data of optical signals in real optical networks are usually hardly acquired. To facilitate the study of resilient optical networks, we propose an advanced testbed to share experimental telemetry data with researchers. Using the proposed testbed, we continuously collect and accumulate optical performance monitoring data from multiple locations with various emulated scenarios of failures/disasters. The accumulated time-series data can be retrieved to form open datasets for researchers based on their specifications for failure/disaster scenarios and periods.","PeriodicalId":54101,"journal":{"name":"IEICE Communications Express","volume":"14 05","pages":"181-184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10924586","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143896333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-12DOI: 10.23919/comex.2024XBL0200
Xin Du
Based on the angular spectrum representation (ASR), the total field can be separated into propagating and evanescent waves. This paper proposes a closed-form solution of the evanescent wave for a two-dimensional (2D) point source by using ASR, which considers the aperture facing an arbitrary orientation. To validate the proposed solution in terms of accuracy and computational time, a robust numerical method, i.e., a double exponential (DE) formula, is applied. Computer simulation is conducted in the near-field region (0.2λ-λ). The results show that the proposed method presents a good accuracy with a low error of less than 0.1 dB, compared with the DE formula. Moreover, the calculation time is improved by 7.9-16.4 times by comparing the proposal with the DE formula. From the simulated results, it can be found that the evanescent wave calculated by ASR has an angle dependence for a 2D point source when the aperture used in ASR faces an arbitrary orientation. Our proposal can mathematically explain the reason for an angle dependence. Furthermore, this work finds that fixing the aperture normal to the line of sight obtains the angle-independent evanescent wave for a 2D point source.
{"title":"Closed-Form Solution for Evanescent Wave of a Two-Dimensional Point Source","authors":"Xin Du","doi":"10.23919/comex.2024XBL0200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/comex.2024XBL0200","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the angular spectrum representation (ASR), the total field can be separated into propagating and evanescent waves. This paper proposes a closed-form solution of the evanescent wave for a two-dimensional (2D) point source by using ASR, which considers the aperture facing an arbitrary orientation. To validate the proposed solution in terms of accuracy and computational time, a robust numerical method, i.e., a double exponential (DE) formula, is applied. Computer simulation is conducted in the near-field region (0.2λ-λ). The results show that the proposed method presents a good accuracy with a low error of less than 0.1 dB, compared with the DE formula. Moreover, the calculation time is improved by 7.9-16.4 times by comparing the proposal with the DE formula. From the simulated results, it can be found that the evanescent wave calculated by ASR has an angle dependence for a 2D point source when the aperture used in ASR faces an arbitrary orientation. Our proposal can mathematically explain the reason for an angle dependence. Furthermore, this work finds that fixing the aperture normal to the line of sight obtains the angle-independent evanescent wave for a 2D point source.","PeriodicalId":54101,"journal":{"name":"IEICE Communications Express","volume":"14 05","pages":"201-204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10924594","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143896413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A vertically polarized horizontal-plane omnidirectional antenna with a circular waveguide bent $text{TM}_{01}$ mode converter and an axisymmetric single reflector is designed and fabricated for the 150 GHz band. Determining a frequency range of 147.8 GHz to 170.0 GHz as the operational band, where the transmission coefficient ratio of the $text{TE}_{11}$ mode to the $text{TM}_{01}$ mode is less than 1/3 that in the designed mode converter, the realized gain is 2.2 dBi to 8.8 dBi, and the angular gain variation at the measured frequencies in the band is 4.9 dB at the maximum in the fabricated antenna
设计并制作了一种用于150 GHz频段的垂直极化水平平面全向天线，该天线采用圆波导弯曲模式转换器和轴对称单反射器。选取147.8 GHz ~ 170.0 GHz频率范围作为工作频段，其中$text{TE}_{11}$模式与$text{TM}_{01}$模式的传输系数比小于1/3，在设计的模式变换器中，实现增益为2.2 ~ 8.8 dBi，在该频段测量频率下的角增益变化最大为4.9 dB
{"title":"Vertically Polarized Omnidirectional Reflector Antenna Fed by a Circular Waveguide Bent TM01 Mode Converter for the 150 GHz Band","authors":"Jiro Hirokawa;Riki Yanagisawa;Takashi Tomura;Issei Watanabe","doi":"10.23919/comex.2025SPL0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/comex.2025SPL0010","url":null,"abstract":"A vertically polarized horizontal-plane omnidirectional antenna with a circular waveguide bent <tex>$text{TM}_{01}$</tex> mode converter and an axisymmetric single reflector is designed and fabricated for the 150 GHz band. Determining a frequency range of 147.8 GHz to 170.0 GHz as the operational band, where the transmission coefficient ratio of the <tex>$text{TE}_{11}$</tex> mode to the <tex>$text{TM}_{01}$</tex> mode is less than 1/3 that in the designed mode converter, the realized gain is 2.2 dBi to 8.8 dBi, and the angular gain variation at the measured frequencies in the band is 4.9 dB at the maximum in the fabricated antenna","PeriodicalId":54101,"journal":{"name":"IEICE Communications Express","volume":"14 6","pages":"218-221"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10924596","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144196565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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