Pub Date : 2024-06-03DOI: 10.23919/comex.2024SPF0001
The objective of this special cluster is to report advanced technologies of antennas and propagation, such as next-generation mobile communication systems, MIMO, PAN/BAN, Metamaterials, and wireless power transmission.
{"title":"Special Cluster on Antennas and Propagation Technologies 2023","authors":"","doi":"10.23919/comex.2024SPF0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/comex.2024SPF0001","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this special cluster is to report advanced technologies of antennas and propagation, such as next-generation mobile communication systems, MIMO, PAN/BAN, Metamaterials, and wireless power transmission.","PeriodicalId":54101,"journal":{"name":"IEICE Communications Express","volume":"13 6","pages":"167-167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10547194","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141245278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-08DOI: 10.23919/comex.2024SPL0014
Yusuke Hata;Hisato Iwai;Shinsuke Ibi
The line-of-sight (LOS) probability in an urban environment assuming unmanned aerial vehicle base stations (UAV-BSs) is studied. We establish an estimation formula to calculate the minimum density of UAV-BSs required to achieve a certain LOS probability over an area.
{"title":"Estimation Formula of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Base Stations Density for Required Line-of-Sight Probability in Urban Environments","authors":"Yusuke Hata;Hisato Iwai;Shinsuke Ibi","doi":"10.23919/comex.2024SPL0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/comex.2024SPL0014","url":null,"abstract":"The line-of-sight (LOS) probability in an urban environment assuming unmanned aerial vehicle base stations (UAV-BSs) is studied. We establish an estimation formula to calculate the minimum density of UAV-BSs required to achieve a certain LOS probability over an area.","PeriodicalId":54101,"journal":{"name":"IEICE Communications Express","volume":"13 6","pages":"198-201"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10494931","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141245059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-08DOI: 10.23919/comex.2024TCL0017
Renta Fukui;Kohei Akimoto;Teruo Tobana
The wireless body area network (WBAN) using higher frequency band than the conventional microwave band WBAN suppresses inter-WBAN interference problem in a user-dense environment. In this paper, we propose a propagation loss model with multi-user blocking and compare with the measurement result of the inter-WBAN interference power at dynamic multi-user environment using wearable directional $2times 2$ elements patch array antenna for WBAN at 15 GHz. The results show that the distribution characteristics vary with the user density, and antenna directivity coefficient with blockage area scheme improves the accuracy of the propagation model.
{"title":"Measurement of Inter-WBAN Interference Power in Dynamic User-Dense Environment Using Wearable ${2times 2}$ Elements Patch Array Antenna at 15 GHz","authors":"Renta Fukui;Kohei Akimoto;Teruo Tobana","doi":"10.23919/comex.2024TCL0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/comex.2024TCL0017","url":null,"abstract":"The wireless body area network (WBAN) using higher frequency band than the conventional microwave band WBAN suppresses inter-WBAN interference problem in a user-dense environment. In this paper, we propose a propagation loss model with multi-user blocking and compare with the measurement result of the inter-WBAN interference power at dynamic multi-user environment using wearable directional \u0000<tex>$2times 2$</tex>\u0000 elements patch array antenna for WBAN at 15 GHz. The results show that the distribution characteristics vary with the user density, and antenna directivity coefficient with blockage area scheme improves the accuracy of the propagation model.","PeriodicalId":54101,"journal":{"name":"IEICE Communications Express","volume":"13 8","pages":"311-314"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10494927","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141973494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-08DOI: 10.23919/comex.2024TCL0018
Arata Isozaki;Takaya Yamazato;Masato Saito;Shan Lu
The performance of 1-bit Analogue-to-Digital Converter (ADC) receivers is vulnerable to degradation in environments with significant signal amplitude fluctuations, due to quantization errors inherent in binary outputs. Thus, it becomes crucial to verify the effectiveness of 1-bit ADC receivers under such conditions. In this study, we conduct an evaluation of previously proposed 1-bit ADC receivers in Rician and Rayleigh fading channels, where both signal amplitude and phase exhibit dynamic fluctuations. We confirm the effectiveness of 1-bit ADC receivers in such fading environments. However, we observe that the degree of degradation of Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) versus Bit Error Rate (BER) due to signal amplitude and phase variations depends on the employed demodulation method.
{"title":"16 QAM-OFDM Receiver Using 1-bit ADC for Noise Utilization: Characterization in Fading Channels with Large Amplitude Fluctuations","authors":"Arata Isozaki;Takaya Yamazato;Masato Saito;Shan Lu","doi":"10.23919/comex.2024TCL0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/comex.2024TCL0018","url":null,"abstract":"The performance of 1-bit Analogue-to-Digital Converter (ADC) receivers is vulnerable to degradation in environments with significant signal amplitude fluctuations, due to quantization errors inherent in binary outputs. Thus, it becomes crucial to verify the effectiveness of 1-bit ADC receivers under such conditions. In this study, we conduct an evaluation of previously proposed 1-bit ADC receivers in Rician and Rayleigh fading channels, where both signal amplitude and phase exhibit dynamic fluctuations. We confirm the effectiveness of 1-bit ADC receivers in such fading environments. However, we observe that the degree of degradation of Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) versus Bit Error Rate (BER) due to signal amplitude and phase variations depends on the employed demodulation method.","PeriodicalId":54101,"journal":{"name":"IEICE Communications Express","volume":"13 8","pages":"302-306"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10494936","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141973466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We confirm the suppression of both fiber-fuse propagation and initiation in standard single mode fibers (SMFs) by using optical pulses with a pulse period of $7.5 mu mathrm{s}$ , for an average input power of 2.0 w and wavelength of 1064 nm. Using the same optical pulses, we demonstrated optical power delivery with a suppressed fiber fuse in a 1.1 km SMF.
{"title":"Optical Power Delivery with Suppressed Fiber Fuse in Standard Single Mode Fiber at a Wavelength of 1064 nm","authors":"Masahiro Ono;Kenji Kurokawa;Masaki Wada;Kouhei Omoto;Takashi Matsui;Kazuhide Nakajima","doi":"10.23919/comex.2024TCL0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/comex.2024TCL0009","url":null,"abstract":"We confirm the suppression of both fiber-fuse propagation and initiation in standard single mode fibers (SMFs) by using optical pulses with a pulse period of \u0000<tex>$7.5 mu mathrm{s}$</tex>\u0000, for an average input power of 2.0 w and wavelength of 1064 nm. Using the same optical pulses, we demonstrated optical power delivery with a suppressed fiber fuse in a 1.1 km SMF.","PeriodicalId":54101,"journal":{"name":"IEICE Communications Express","volume":"13 8","pages":"299-301"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10494947","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141973527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-08DOI: 10.23919/comex.2024XBL0043
Keigo Hirashima;Teruyuki Miyajima
This letter introduces a transmitter design algorithm that prioritizes user fairness for OFDMA-based full-duplex wireless powered communication networks. In the energy transmitter, beamforming is determined to efficiently transmit energy signals to user terminals while minimizing interference to the information receiver, and the transmit power is allocated according to a proportional fairness criterion. In user terminals, subbands are allocated based on minimum rate maximization for information transmission using the harvested power. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed design algorithm achieves superior user fairness compared to the conventional sum-rate maximization algorithm.
{"title":"Fairness-Aware Transmitter Design for OFDMA-Based Full-Duplex Wireless Powered Communication Networks","authors":"Keigo Hirashima;Teruyuki Miyajima","doi":"10.23919/comex.2024XBL0043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/comex.2024XBL0043","url":null,"abstract":"This letter introduces a transmitter design algorithm that prioritizes user fairness for OFDMA-based full-duplex wireless powered communication networks. In the energy transmitter, beamforming is determined to efficiently transmit energy signals to user terminals while minimizing interference to the information receiver, and the transmit power is allocated according to a proportional fairness criterion. In user terminals, subbands are allocated based on minimum rate maximization for information transmission using the harvested power. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed design algorithm achieves superior user fairness compared to the conventional sum-rate maximization algorithm.","PeriodicalId":54101,"journal":{"name":"IEICE Communications Express","volume":"13 6","pages":"227-230"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10494941","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141245123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the passive intermodulation (PIM) measurement of microstrip lines using non-contact planar connector, this letter presents a proper sample length for the 3rd-order PIM measurement due to closely frequency-spaced transmission waves. Our experimental study using nickel-plated samples as a distributed PIM source reveals that a spacing between non-contact connectors should be a quarter guided wavelength in order to suppress the effect of non-contact connectors on the PIM measurement results and maximize the observed reverse PIM. We also demonstrate a circuit-network simulation using the harmonic balance method, which agrees well with and validates the experiments.
{"title":"Determination of Optimal Sample Length for Passive Intermodulation Measurements in Microstrip Lines with Non-Contact Connections","authors":"Musashi Shirakawa;Ryunosuke Murofushi;Nobuhiro Kuga;Eiji Hanayama","doi":"10.23919/comex.2024XBL0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/comex.2024XBL0026","url":null,"abstract":"In the passive intermodulation (PIM) measurement of microstrip lines using non-contact planar connector, this letter presents a proper sample length for the 3rd-order PIM measurement due to closely frequency-spaced transmission waves. Our experimental study using nickel-plated samples as a distributed PIM source reveals that a spacing between non-contact connectors should be a quarter guided wavelength in order to suppress the effect of non-contact connectors on the PIM measurement results and maximize the observed reverse PIM. We also demonstrate a circuit-network simulation using the harmonic balance method, which agrees well with and validates the experiments.","PeriodicalId":54101,"journal":{"name":"IEICE Communications Express","volume":"13 6","pages":"210-213"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10494929","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141245280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents a capacitive wireless power transfer system that employs a three-dimensional (3D)-functional coupler for obtaining maintenance-free industrial robots. To enhance the vital coupling coefficient of the coupler within a confined space, such as a rotary joint, we fabricated a 3D capacitive coupler. Additionally, by employing polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) resin with a high Q factor for electrode fixation, a theoretical maximum efficiency of 99.3% was achieved. Finally, we designed a system that successfully produced a transmission of 5.76 W with a total DC-DC efficiency of 73.0% at 13.56 MHz and an arm chuck operations utilizing both power and pneumatic pressure.
{"title":"Capacitive Wireless Power Transfer System with a 3D-Functional Coupler for Maintenance-Free Industrial Robots","authors":"Yasumasa Naka;Akihiko Ishiwata;Masahiro Shibata;Takuya Kondo;Masaya Tamura","doi":"10.23919/comex.2024XBL0037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/comex.2024XBL0037","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a capacitive wireless power transfer system that employs a three-dimensional (3D)-functional coupler for obtaining maintenance-free industrial robots. To enhance the vital coupling coefficient of the coupler within a confined space, such as a rotary joint, we fabricated a 3D capacitive coupler. Additionally, by employing polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) resin with a high Q factor for electrode fixation, a theoretical maximum efficiency of 99.3% was achieved. Finally, we designed a system that successfully produced a transmission of 5.76 W with a total DC-DC efficiency of 73.0% at 13.56 MHz and an arm chuck operations utilizing both power and pneumatic pressure.","PeriodicalId":54101,"journal":{"name":"IEICE Communications Express","volume":"13 6","pages":"214-217"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10494946","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141245277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
QUIC is a transport protocol that adds congestion control, retransmission control, and TLS to UDP. QUIC can use the same congestion control algorithms as TCP. In previous work, we have shown that communication performance becomes unfair concerning the buffer size of the shared bottleneck link of two flows, one using CUBIC and the other BBR congestion control algorithms within QUIC. In this study, we improve the communication fairness performance at different bottleneck link buffer sizes by using Round Trip Time (RTT) and Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) to regulate congestion control aggressiveness when CUBIC and BBR compete within QUIC through actual experiments.
{"title":"Fairness Improvement Method Using Explicit Congestion Notification for QUIC","authors":"Nobuhiro Uchida;Daiki Nobayashi;Dirceu Cavendish;Takeshi Ikenaga","doi":"10.23919/comex.2024XBL0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/comex.2024XBL0014","url":null,"abstract":"QUIC is a transport protocol that adds congestion control, retransmission control, and TLS to UDP. QUIC can use the same congestion control algorithms as TCP. In previous work, we have shown that communication performance becomes unfair concerning the buffer size of the shared bottleneck link of two flows, one using CUBIC and the other BBR congestion control algorithms within QUIC. In this study, we improve the communication fairness performance at different bottleneck link buffer sizes by using Round Trip Time (RTT) and Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) to regulate congestion control aggressiveness when CUBIC and BBR compete within QUIC through actual experiments.","PeriodicalId":54101,"journal":{"name":"IEICE Communications Express","volume":"13 6","pages":"222-226"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10494945","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141245045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Virtual-ESPRIT Algorithm (VESPA), which is a direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation method using higher-order statistics (fourth-order cumulants), is said to be significant for DOAs estimation of non-Gaussian signals. The authors propose SLS-VESPA, which is VESPA with the SLS (Structured Least Squares) method. Computer simulations show improved characteristics of the SLS-VESPA compared to the conventional TLS (Total Least Squares)-VESPA.
Virtual-ESPRIT 算法（VESPA）是一种使用高阶统计量（四阶积）的到达方向（DOA）估计方法，据说对非高斯信号的 DOA 估计很有意义。作者提出了 SLS-VESPA，即采用 SLS（结构最小二乘法）方法的 VESPA。计算机模拟显示，与传统的 TLS（全最小二乘法）-VESPA 相比，SLS-VESPA 具有更好的特性。
{"title":"DOA Estimation by Virtual-ESPRIT Algorithm Using Structured Least Squares Method","authors":"Kenta Noda;Nobuyoshi Kikuma;Kunio Sakakibara;Yoshiki Sugimoto","doi":"10.23919/comex.2024TCL0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/comex.2024TCL0015","url":null,"abstract":"Virtual-ESPRIT Algorithm (VESPA), which is a direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation method using higher-order statistics (fourth-order cumulants), is said to be significant for DOAs estimation of non-Gaussian signals. The authors propose SLS-VESPA, which is VESPA with the SLS (Structured Least Squares) method. Computer simulations show improved characteristics of the SLS-VESPA compared to the conventional TLS (Total Least Squares)-VESPA.","PeriodicalId":54101,"journal":{"name":"IEICE Communications Express","volume":"13 8","pages":"307-310"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10494922","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141973469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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