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Development of a Light Source Position Estimation System for Accurate Drone Flight 无人机精确飞行光源位置估计系统的研制
IF 0.3 Q4 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-08-09 DOI: 10.23919/comex.2024COL0025
Ryo Goto;Takayuki Matsumuro;Kazunobu Serizawa;Susumu Ano;Satoru Shimizu
In this study, we developed a light source position estimation system for controlling the wireless-powered drone. An algorithm was designed to estimate the light source position by minimizing an error function consisting of the difference between the measured and estimated values of light-receiving intensity. The received light intensity distribution of a light source with a beam angle of 2.5° was modeled using Gaussian and inverse square functions based on actual measurements. A detection device was fabricated by a photodiode array substrate and a Raspberry Pi. The detection time of the developed system is 97 ms, real-time light source position estimation was confirmed.
在这项研究中,我们开发了一种用于控制无线供电无人机的光源位置估计系统。设计了一种由接收光强实测值与估计值之差组成的误差函数最小化估计光源位置的算法。基于实测数据,利用高斯函数和平方反比函数对光束角为2.5°的光源的接收光强分布进行了建模。利用光电二极管阵列衬底和树莓派制作了一种检测装置。该系统的检测时间为97 ms,实现了光源位置的实时估计。
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引用次数: 0
An Analysis of Positioning Accuracy Based on Fisher Information Matrix for Distance-Based Positioning 基于Fisher信息矩阵的距离定位精度分析
IF 0.3 Q4 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-08-09 DOI: 10.23919/comex.2024COL0017
Masahiro Fujii
In this letter, I introduce Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) based on the Fisher information matrix to evaluate the accuracy of distance-based location estimation. This qualitative index, which introduces the concept of the distribution of ranging measurement errors, allows a more precise evaluation of position estimation accuracy than the conventional Position Dilution Of Precision (PDOP). Visualizing PDOP and the proposed RMSE as a distribution over the evaluation space clarifies their respective characteristics. By computer simulations, I show usefulness of the propsoed index by comparing with Least-Squares estimation.
在这封信中,我引入了基于Fisher信息矩阵的均方根误差(RMSE)来评估基于距离的位置估计的准确性。该定性指标引入了测距测量误差分布的概念,可以比传统的位置精度稀释(PDOP)更精确地评估位置估计精度。将PDOP和建议的RMSE可视化为评估空间上的分布,阐明了它们各自的特征。通过计算机模拟,通过与最小二乘估计的比较,证明了所提指标的有效性。
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引用次数: 0
Speckle Correction Filter Based on Spatial Polarimetric Coherence for Full Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar Image 基于全偏振合成孔径雷达图像空间偏振相干的斑点校正滤波器
IF 0.3 Q4 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-08-09 DOI: 10.23919/comex.2024XBL0125
Muhammad Hamka Ibrahim;Subuh Pramono;Jing-Yuan Wang;Yu-Fan Cai;Feri Adriyanto;Josaphat Tetuko Sri Sumantyo
Polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR) image exhibits a high degree of spatial information. However, the PolSAR image is subjected to speckle noise, which degrades the information quality. A speckle correction filter is proposed in this paper based on spatial polarimetric coherence. Evidence of polarimetric coherence between spatial neighboring pixels is presented. It shows that polarimetric coherence is highly correlated with neighboring pixels. Based on these characteristics, a speckle correction filter is proposed by calculating the polarimetric coherency level on a selected neighboring pixel. A correction is applied to the pixel which has a low polarimetric coherence level. A generalized three-step adaptive filter is proposed, including neighbor selection, coherency criterion, and incoherent correction. The influence of the filter on scattering mechanisms is compared by using eigenvalue-based decomposition. Qualitatively, the result shows the proposed correction filter removes the outliers in the low entropy region. Quantitively the filter can suppress the speckle noise and its variance up to 19.08%.
偏振合成孔径雷达(PolSAR)图像具有高度的空间信息。然而,PolSAR 图像会受到斑点噪声的影响,从而降低信息质量。本文提出了一种基于空间偏振相干性的斑点校正滤波器。本文提出了空间相邻像素之间极坐标相干性的证据。结果表明,偏振相干性与相邻像素高度相关。根据这些特征,通过计算选定相邻像素的偏振相干性水平,提出了一种斑点校正滤波器。对偏振相干水平较低的像素进行修正。提出了一种通用的三步自适应滤波器,包括邻居选择、一致性标准和非相干校正。通过基于特征值的分解,比较了滤波器对散射机制的影响。结果表明,提出的校正滤波器能定性地去除低熵区域的异常值。从数量上看,滤波器可以抑制斑点噪声及其方差,最高可达 19.08%。
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引用次数: 0
Reflection-Phase Calculation of Circularly Polarized Folded Reflectarray Antennas with Low Profile, High Efficiency, and Arbitrary Aperture Distribution 具有小外形、高效率和任意孔径分布的圆极化折叠反射阵列天线的反射相位计算
IF 0.3 Q4 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-08-09 DOI: 10.23919/comex.2024XBL0115
Makoto Sano;Ryuji Kuse;Takeshi Fukusako
This paper presents a new concept of designing circularly polarized folded reflectarray (CPFRA) antennas. By applying the dual-reflector shaping technique to the CPFRA antennas, the reflection-phase distributions of the two reflecting surfaces comprising the CPFRA antennas are modified to realize low profile, high aperture efficiency, and arbitrary aperture-field distribution simultaneously. Numerical simulations based on the geometrical optics show that the aperture efficiency can be improved up to around 100% by realizing uniform aperture-field distribution and reducing the spillover. Designs of CPFRA antennas with low sidelobe levels are also presented.
本文提出了一种设计圆极化折叠反射阵列(CPFRA)天线的新概念。通过在 CPFRA 天线中应用双反射器整形技术,修正了组成 CPFRA 天线的两个反射面的反射相位分布,从而同时实现了低剖面、高孔径效率和任意孔场分布。基于几何光学的数值模拟表明,通过实现均匀的孔场分布和减少溢出,孔径效率可提高到 100%左右。此外,还介绍了具有低侧瓣水平的 CPFRA 天线设计。
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引用次数: 0
Path Loss Model from 922 MHz to 28 GHz in Office Environment 办公室环境中 922 MHz 至 28 GHz 的路径损耗模型
IF 0.3 Q4 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-08-09 DOI: 10.23919/comex.2024XBL0120
Kensuke Sakamoto;Ayaka Sakaguchi;Yuki Yamakawa;Waka Mimura;Hirokazu Sawada;Azril Haniz;Fumihide Kojima;Takeshi Matsumura
To build a stable wireless communication system in an indoor environment, it is necessary to perform highly accurate simulations of radio wave propagation characteristics. The ITU-R Recommendation P series, especially ITU-R P.1238, lists estimation models for propagation loss in indoor environments under various conditions. However, there are a few cases in which propagation loss has been measured at various frequencies in the same building and under the same conditions. In these cases, necessary parameters may not be described, meaning that simulation cannot be easily performed. In this paper, we measure the radio wave propagation characteristics on the same floor and across floors for the 922 MHz to 28 GHz frequency band, which is often used in office spaces. We then apply a path loss model to each frequency and calculate the coefficient of office environment ($N$) and inter-floor attenuation $(L_{f}(n))$.
要在室内环境中建立稳定的无线通信系统,就必须对电波传播特性进行高精度模拟。ITU-R 建议 P 系列,尤其是 ITU-R P.1238 列出了各种条件下室内环境传播损耗的估算模型。然而,在少数情况下,传播损耗是在同一建筑物和相同条件下以不同频率测量得到的。在这些情况下,可能无法描述必要的参数,这意味着无法轻松进行模拟。在本文中,我们测量了办公空间常用的 922 MHz 至 28 GHz 频段在同一楼层和跨楼层的无线电波传播特性。然后,我们对每个频率应用路径损耗模型,并计算办公室环境系数 ($N$) 和楼层间衰减 $(L_{f}(n))$。
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引用次数: 0
A Study on Realization of Automotive SDN by P4 基于P4的汽车SDN实现研究
IF 0.3 Q4 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-08-09 DOI: 10.23919/comex.2024COL0018
Yuma Sakurai;Yoshihiro Ito
In recent years, functions in automobiles are required to be processed in real time. This requirement can be realized with SDV (Software-Defined Vehicle), a technology that defines vehicle requirements in software. Although SDV requires automotive SDN (Software-Defined Networking), there has been little discussion on how to implement automotive SDN. This paper studies the feasibility of automotive SDN by realizing four functional requirements proposed as functions required for automotive SDN using P4 and evaluating these requirements through experiments. The feasibility of automotive SDN will be investigated by evaluating these requirements through experiments.
近年来,汽车中的功能被要求实时处理。这一需求可以通过SDV(软件定义车辆)来实现,SDV是一种在软件中定义车辆需求的技术。虽然SDV需要汽车SDN(软件定义网络),但关于如何实现汽车SDN的讨论很少。本文通过使用P4实现汽车SDN所提出的四个功能需求,并通过实验对这些需求进行评估,研究了汽车SDN的可行性。通过实验评估这些需求,研究汽车SDN的可行性。
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引用次数: 0
Difference-Beam Operation in a Center-Fed Dual-Polarized Parallel-Plate Waveguide Slot Array Antenna 中心馈电双极化平行板波导槽阵列天线中的差分波束工作原理
IF 0.3 Q4 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-07-09 DOI: 10.23919/comex.2024XBL0100
Huanqian Xiong;Jiro Hirokawa;Takashi Tomura
This letter deals with the difference-beam operation in a centerfeed dual-polarized parallel-plate waveguide slot array antenna at 24.5GHz, which consists of two orthogonally arranged 20×19 arrays of radiating slot pairs. A center-feeding scheme is employed in this design. Each rectangular feeding waveguide, fed by a probe, can feed half of the radiating panel, enabling easy control of the phase difference. Experimental results show that the monopulse antenna array has a bandwidth of 12.8% for reflections below −10 dB while it produces the sum beams, and 13.3% to produce the difference beams. Port isolation between the sum mode and difference mode is above 15 dB within the working frequency band. The measured realized gain of the sum beam is 31.3 dBi at 24.5 GHz, and the measured null-depth is below −33.9 dB for both polarizations.
这封信讨论了中心馈电双极化平行板波导槽阵列天线在 24.5GHz 频率下的差分波束工作原理,该天线由两个正交排列的 20×19 辐射槽对阵列组成。该设计采用了中心馈电方案。每个由探针馈电的矩形馈电波导可馈电一半的辐射板,从而轻松控制相位差。实验结果表明,单脉冲天线阵列在产生和波束时,反射带宽为 12.8%,低于-10 dB;在产生差波束时,反射带宽为 13.3%。在工作频段内,和模式与差模式之间的端口隔离度高于 15 dB。在 24.5 GHz 时,和波束的实测增益为 31.3 dBi,两个极化的实测无效深度均低于 -33.9 dB。
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引用次数: 0
Code Synchronization in Visible Light Communication System Using Dual Orthogonal Rolling Shutter Image Sensors 基于双正交卷帘式图像传感器的可见光通信系统代码同步
IF 0.3 Q4 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-07-09 DOI: 10.23919/comex.2024COL0009
Ayumu Otsuka;Zhengqiang Tang;Shan Lu;Takaya Yamazato
A visible light communication (VLC) system offers notable advantages, and leveraging image sensors as VLC receivers holds promise. The rolling shutter image sensor stands out as a popular candidate among these sensors. However, challenges arise from signal loss from inter-frame gaps or background scans. This paper addresses these issues by introducing a low-density parity check (LDPC) code and a corresponding code synchronization method suitable for LDPC decoding. Our approach employs a parallel transmitting sequence to achieve synchronization. Notably, the synchronization sequence is transmitted by modulating the luminance of the LED transmitter. Through experimentation, we validate the efficacy of our proposed method in mitigating signal loss.
可见光通信(VLC)系统具有显著的优势,利用图像传感器作为VLC接收器具有前景。卷帘式快门图像传感器在这些传感器中脱颖而出。然而,由于帧间间隙或背景扫描导致的信号丢失带来了挑战。本文通过介绍一种低密度奇偶校验码和一种适合于低密度奇偶校验码译码的码同步方法来解决这些问题。我们的方法采用并行传输序列来实现同步。值得注意的是,通过调制LED发射器的亮度来传输同步序列。通过实验,我们验证了我们提出的方法在减轻信号损失方面的有效性。
{"title":"Code Synchronization in Visible Light Communication System Using Dual Orthogonal Rolling Shutter Image Sensors","authors":"Ayumu Otsuka;Zhengqiang Tang;Shan Lu;Takaya Yamazato","doi":"10.23919/comex.2024COL0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/comex.2024COL0009","url":null,"abstract":"A visible light communication (VLC) system offers notable advantages, and leveraging image sensors as VLC receivers holds promise. The rolling shutter image sensor stands out as a popular candidate among these sensors. However, challenges arise from signal loss from inter-frame gaps or background scans. This paper addresses these issues by introducing a low-density parity check (LDPC) code and a corresponding code synchronization method suitable for LDPC decoding. Our approach employs a parallel transmitting sequence to achieve synchronization. Notably, the synchronization sequence is transmitted by modulating the luminance of the LED transmitter. Through experimentation, we validate the efficacy of our proposed method in mitigating signal loss.","PeriodicalId":54101,"journal":{"name":"IEICE Communications Express","volume":"13 12","pages":"450-453"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10591719","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142761566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Evaluation of Shadowing Effect on Channel Observation for Spectrum Sharing Access 评估阴影对频谱共享接入信道观测的影响
IF 0.3 Q4 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-07-09 DOI: 10.23919/comex.2024XBL0106
Hideya So;Hayato Soya
Spectrum sharing, in which multiple wireless systems share the same radio resources, has been considered to improve frequency utilization efficiency. As a spectrum sharing without control signals, a technique that observes the usage of radio resources, called channel occupation ratio, used by other systems and selects a vacant channel has been considered. However, previous studies have simplified the model of the interfering system, which is different from the real environment. In wireless communications, fluctuations in received power occur due to shadowing caused by the location and the surrounding environment. Previous studies have not clarified the effect of received power fluctuation due to shadowing on observing the occupancy rate. This letter formulates the effects on the observation results of received power fluctuations due to the location of interfering stations and shadowing. Computer simulations with randomly placed interfering stations and shadowing environments show that the proposed formulation almost matches the observed results.
频谱共享是指多个无线系统共享相同的无线电资源,它被认为可以提高频率利用效率。在没有控制信号的频谱共享中,有一种技术被认为是观测其他系统使用的无线电资源(称为信道占用率),并选择空闲信道的技术。然而,以往的研究简化了干扰系统的模型,这与真实环境不同。在无线通信中,由于位置和周围环境造成的阴影,接收功率会发生波动。以往的研究没有阐明阴影导致的接收功率波动对观测占用率的影响。本文阐述了干扰站位置和阴影导致的接收功率波动对观测结果的影响。随机放置干扰站和阴影环境下的计算机模拟表明,所提出的公式与观测结果基本吻合。
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引用次数: 0
A Distributed UAV Management System Inspired by Packet-Switched Networks 受分组交换网络启发的分布式无人机管理系统
IF 0.3 Q4 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-07-09 DOI: 10.23919/comex.2024XBL0101
Takahiko Haraguchi;Hiroshi Katada;Taku Yamazaki;Takumi Miyoshi;Ryo Yamamoto;Kiyoshi Ueda
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are expected to be used in various applications such as delivery services and sensing from airspaces in smart cities. In the future, UAV control systems must address a densely mixed environment comprising various services and users regardless of individuals or businesses. However, users cannot flexibly join or leave the system because of their centralized design. This letter proposes a distributed UAV management system inspired by packet-switched networks, to address dense UAV environments. The proposed system controls autonomous UAVs as packets in packet-switched networks. Each UAV flies along a path composed of links between ground beacon devices as routers. We analyzed the characteristics of the proposed system in dense situations using computer simulation. Simulation results indicate that the proposed system can handle numerous UAVs based on packet-switched networks.
无人驾驶飞行器(UAV)预计将用于各种应用,如智能城市的送货服务和空域传感。未来,无人飞行器控制系统必须应对由各种服务和用户(不分个人或企业)组成的密集混合环境。然而,由于其集中式设计,用户无法灵活地加入或离开系统。本文受分组交换网络的启发,提出了一种分布式无人机管理系统,以应对密集的无人机环境。该系统将自主无人机作为分组交换网络中的数据包进行控制。每个无人机沿着由作为路由器的地面信标设备之间的链接组成的路径飞行。我们利用计算机模拟分析了拟议系统在密集环境中的特性。仿真结果表明,建议的系统可以处理基于分组交换网络的众多无人机。
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引用次数: 0
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IEICE Communications Express
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