In this study, we developed a light source position estimation system for controlling the wireless-powered drone. An algorithm was designed to estimate the light source position by minimizing an error function consisting of the difference between the measured and estimated values of light-receiving intensity. The received light intensity distribution of a light source with a beam angle of 2.5° was modeled using Gaussian and inverse square functions based on actual measurements. A detection device was fabricated by a photodiode array substrate and a Raspberry Pi. The detection time of the developed system is 97 ms, real-time light source position estimation was confirmed.
{"title":"Development of a Light Source Position Estimation System for Accurate Drone Flight","authors":"Ryo Goto;Takayuki Matsumuro;Kazunobu Serizawa;Susumu Ano;Satoru Shimizu","doi":"10.23919/comex.2024COL0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/comex.2024COL0025","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we developed a light source position estimation system for controlling the wireless-powered drone. An algorithm was designed to estimate the light source position by minimizing an error function consisting of the difference between the measured and estimated values of light-receiving intensity. The received light intensity distribution of a light source with a beam angle of 2.5° was modeled using Gaussian and inverse square functions based on actual measurements. A detection device was fabricated by a photodiode array substrate and a Raspberry Pi. The detection time of the developed system is 97 ms, real-time light source position estimation was confirmed.","PeriodicalId":54101,"journal":{"name":"IEICE Communications Express","volume":"13 12","pages":"483-486"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10633228","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142761406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-09DOI: 10.23919/comex.2024COL0017
Masahiro Fujii
In this letter, I introduce Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) based on the Fisher information matrix to evaluate the accuracy of distance-based location estimation. This qualitative index, which introduces the concept of the distribution of ranging measurement errors, allows a more precise evaluation of position estimation accuracy than the conventional Position Dilution Of Precision (PDOP). Visualizing PDOP and the proposed RMSE as a distribution over the evaluation space clarifies their respective characteristics. By computer simulations, I show usefulness of the propsoed index by comparing with Least-Squares estimation.
{"title":"An Analysis of Positioning Accuracy Based on Fisher Information Matrix for Distance-Based Positioning","authors":"Masahiro Fujii","doi":"10.23919/comex.2024COL0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/comex.2024COL0017","url":null,"abstract":"In this letter, I introduce Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) based on the Fisher information matrix to evaluate the accuracy of distance-based location estimation. This qualitative index, which introduces the concept of the distribution of ranging measurement errors, allows a more precise evaluation of position estimation accuracy than the conventional Position Dilution Of Precision (PDOP). Visualizing PDOP and the proposed RMSE as a distribution over the evaluation space clarifies their respective characteristics. By computer simulations, I show usefulness of the propsoed index by comparing with Least-Squares estimation.","PeriodicalId":54101,"journal":{"name":"IEICE Communications Express","volume":"13 12","pages":"479-482"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10633231","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142761479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-09DOI: 10.23919/comex.2024XBL0125
Muhammad Hamka Ibrahim;Subuh Pramono;Jing-Yuan Wang;Yu-Fan Cai;Feri Adriyanto;Josaphat Tetuko Sri Sumantyo
Polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR) image exhibits a high degree of spatial information. However, the PolSAR image is subjected to speckle noise, which degrades the information quality. A speckle correction filter is proposed in this paper based on spatial polarimetric coherence. Evidence of polarimetric coherence between spatial neighboring pixels is presented. It shows that polarimetric coherence is highly correlated with neighboring pixels. Based on these characteristics, a speckle correction filter is proposed by calculating the polarimetric coherency level on a selected neighboring pixel. A correction is applied to the pixel which has a low polarimetric coherence level. A generalized three-step adaptive filter is proposed, including neighbor selection, coherency criterion, and incoherent correction. The influence of the filter on scattering mechanisms is compared by using eigenvalue-based decomposition. Qualitatively, the result shows the proposed correction filter removes the outliers in the low entropy region. Quantitively the filter can suppress the speckle noise and its variance up to 19.08%.
{"title":"Speckle Correction Filter Based on Spatial Polarimetric Coherence for Full Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar Image","authors":"Muhammad Hamka Ibrahim;Subuh Pramono;Jing-Yuan Wang;Yu-Fan Cai;Feri Adriyanto;Josaphat Tetuko Sri Sumantyo","doi":"10.23919/comex.2024XBL0125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/comex.2024XBL0125","url":null,"abstract":"Polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR) image exhibits a high degree of spatial information. However, the PolSAR image is subjected to speckle noise, which degrades the information quality. A speckle correction filter is proposed in this paper based on spatial polarimetric coherence. Evidence of polarimetric coherence between spatial neighboring pixels is presented. It shows that polarimetric coherence is highly correlated with neighboring pixels. Based on these characteristics, a speckle correction filter is proposed by calculating the polarimetric coherency level on a selected neighboring pixel. A correction is applied to the pixel which has a low polarimetric coherence level. A generalized three-step adaptive filter is proposed, including neighbor selection, coherency criterion, and incoherent correction. The influence of the filter on scattering mechanisms is compared by using eigenvalue-based decomposition. Qualitatively, the result shows the proposed correction filter removes the outliers in the low entropy region. Quantitively the filter can suppress the speckle noise and its variance up to 19.08%.","PeriodicalId":54101,"journal":{"name":"IEICE Communications Express","volume":"13 10","pages":"413-416"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10633226","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142376979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-09DOI: 10.23919/comex.2024XBL0115
Makoto Sano;Ryuji Kuse;Takeshi Fukusako
This paper presents a new concept of designing circularly polarized folded reflectarray (CPFRA) antennas. By applying the dual-reflector shaping technique to the CPFRA antennas, the reflection-phase distributions of the two reflecting surfaces comprising the CPFRA antennas are modified to realize low profile, high aperture efficiency, and arbitrary aperture-field distribution simultaneously. Numerical simulations based on the geometrical optics show that the aperture efficiency can be improved up to around 100% by realizing uniform aperture-field distribution and reducing the spillover. Designs of CPFRA antennas with low sidelobe levels are also presented.
{"title":"Reflection-Phase Calculation of Circularly Polarized Folded Reflectarray Antennas with Low Profile, High Efficiency, and Arbitrary Aperture Distribution","authors":"Makoto Sano;Ryuji Kuse;Takeshi Fukusako","doi":"10.23919/comex.2024XBL0115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/comex.2024XBL0115","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a new concept of designing circularly polarized folded reflectarray (CPFRA) antennas. By applying the dual-reflector shaping technique to the CPFRA antennas, the reflection-phase distributions of the two reflecting surfaces comprising the CPFRA antennas are modified to realize low profile, high aperture efficiency, and arbitrary aperture-field distribution simultaneously. Numerical simulations based on the geometrical optics show that the aperture efficiency can be improved up to around 100% by realizing uniform aperture-field distribution and reducing the spillover. Designs of CPFRA antennas with low sidelobe levels are also presented.","PeriodicalId":54101,"journal":{"name":"IEICE Communications Express","volume":"13 10","pages":"409-412"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10633229","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142377146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To build a stable wireless communication system in an indoor environment, it is necessary to perform highly accurate simulations of radio wave propagation characteristics. The ITU-R Recommendation P series, especially ITU-R P.1238, lists estimation models for propagation loss in indoor environments under various conditions. However, there are a few cases in which propagation loss has been measured at various frequencies in the same building and under the same conditions. In these cases, necessary parameters may not be described, meaning that simulation cannot be easily performed. In this paper, we measure the radio wave propagation characteristics on the same floor and across floors for the 922 MHz to 28 GHz frequency band, which is often used in office spaces. We then apply a path loss model to each frequency and calculate the coefficient of office environment ( $N$