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Correction of Round-Trip Time and Selection of Access Points for Estimating Wireless LAN Locations by Multilateration 修正往返时间和选择接入点,以便通过多射程估计无线局域网位置
IF 0.3 Q4 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-03-12 DOI: 10.23919/comex.2024TCL0002
Yusuke Shida;Satoru Aikawa;Shinichiro Yamamoto
This study explores an advanced method for indoor location estimation leveraging a wireless local area network (WLAN). The integration of round-trip time (RTT), as established by IEEE 802.11mc, has marked a significant advancement in WLANs. This enhancement is pivotal in refining indoor location estimations through multilateration (MLAT) techniques. The RTT, by providing more precise distance measurements between WLAN access points (APs) and users compared to the traditional received signal strength indicator, holds promise for improved accuracy. Nonetheless, in environments with numerous rooms, such as a multi-room floor, the efficacy of MLAT, even with RTT implementation, is not optimal. Addressing this challenge, our paper introduces and validates a novel approach for correcting RTT inaccuracies and a strategic method for selecting APs in MLAT scenarios.
本研究探讨了一种利用无线局域网(WLAN)进行室内位置估算的先进方法。IEEE 802.11mc 规定的往返时间(RTT)的整合标志着无线局域网的重大进步。这一改进对于通过多射程(MLAT)技术改进室内位置估计至关重要。与传统的接收信号强度指标相比,RTT 能更精确地测量 WLAN 接入点(AP)和用户之间的距离,有望提高精确度。然而,在房间众多的环境中,例如多房间楼层,即使使用 RTT,MLAT 的效果也不是最佳的。针对这一挑战,我们的论文介绍并验证了一种纠正 RTT 不准确性的新方法,以及一种在 MLAT 场景中选择接入点的策略方法。
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引用次数: 0
A Study on Gain and Bandwidth Enhancement of 4×4 Planar Array of X-Shaped Slot Antenna within Millimeter Wave Frequency Band 毫米波频段内 4×4 平面阵列 X 形槽天线的增益和带宽增强研究
IF 0.3 Q4 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-03-12 DOI: 10.23919/comex.2024SPL0013
Mangseang Hor;Takashi Hikage
This paper introduces a newly designed X-shaped slot antenna with high gain and wideband characteristics for use in mm-wave frequency band. The X-shaped slot antenna serves as radiating elements of planar array configuration for high gain. The 4×4 configuration is investigated in this paper. According to simulation results, the 4×4 planar array exhibits a −9.7 dB impedance bandwidth within the range of 26.1-31 GHz and a maximum gain of 18.2 dBi. Furthermore, gain and bandwidth enhancement of the array antenna is studied. As the results, the antenna shows an impedance bandwidth within the range of 25.35–25.95 GHz, and 26.8–30.2 GHz. Within this band the antenna realized gain is ranging from 17.5–20 dBi.
本文介绍了一种新设计的 X 形槽天线,它具有高增益和宽带特性,可用于毫米波频段。X 形槽天线作为平面阵列配置的辐射元件,可获得高增益。本文对 4×4 配置进行了研究。根据仿真结果,4×4 平面阵列在 26.1-31 GHz 范围内的阻抗带宽为 -9.7 dB,最大增益为 18.2 dBi。此外,还对阵列天线的增益和带宽增强进行了研究。结果显示,天线的阻抗带宽在 25.35-25.95 GHz 和 26.8-30.2 GHz 范围内。在这一频段内,天线实现了 17.5-20 dBi 的增益。
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引用次数: 0
Demonstration of Extended ROADM Architecture to Enable End-to-End Optical Connections with Covering Class-S Access Infrastructure 通过覆盖 S 类接入基础设施实现端到端光连接的扩展 ROADM 架构演示
IF 0.3 Q4 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-03-12 DOI: 10.23919/comex.2024XBL0018
Yasutaka Kimura;Naotaka Shibata;Shin Kaneko;Jun-Ichi Kani;Tomoaki Yoshida
We demonstrate an extended ROADM architecture with remote TRx control and a turn-back function that enables end-to-end direct optical connections covering access. The acceptable access loss of the turn-back path is within 3–19 dB, thus meeting the requirements of the class-S optical access infrastructure.
我们展示了一种具有远程 TRx 控制和回转功能的扩展 ROADM 架构,该架构可实现覆盖接入的端到端直接光连接。回转路径的可接受接入损耗在 3-19 dB 范围内,从而满足了 S 类光接入基础设施的要求。
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引用次数: 0
Spectrum Sharing in Integrated HAPS and Terrestrial Systems Using an Interference Canceler and Coordination 利用干扰消除器和协调功能实现 HAPS 和地面集成系统的频谱共享
IF 0.3 Q4 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-03-12 DOI: 10.23919/comex.2024SPL0019
Tsutomu Ishikawa;Koji Tashiro;Mitsukuni Konishi;Kenji Hoshino
High-altitude platform stations (HAPSs) have the potential to expand the coverage of sixth-generation mobile communication systems, and several international mobile telecommunications (IMT) bands below 2.7 GHz have already been identified for HAPS service links. Because of the limited frequency resources, spectrum sharing techniques are needed to ensure that HAPSs can coexist with terrestrial base stations (BSs), but this means that a HAPS may interfere with the connection of terrestrial BS users within its line of sight. This letter proposes a scheme that combines an interference canceler and enhanced inter-cell interference coordination to reduce interference in an integrated HAPS-terrestrial system. Numerical simulations demonstrated that the integrated system greatly improved the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio of terrestrial BSs and improved the system capacity by 26% compared to a conventional system with no interference reduction.
高空平台站(HAPS)有可能扩大第六代移动通信系统的覆盖范围,目前已经确定了 2.7 千兆赫以下的几个国际移动通信(IMT)频段用于 HAPS 服务链路。由于频率资源有限,需要采用频谱共享技术来确保 HAPS 能与地面基站 (BS) 共存,但这意味着 HAPS 可能会干扰其视线范围内地面 BS 用户的连接。本文提出了一种结合干扰消除器和增强型小区间干扰协调的方案,以减少 HAPS-地面集成系统中的干扰。数值模拟表明,与不减少干扰的传统系统相比,该集成系统大大提高了地面 BS 的信噪比,并将系统容量提高了 26%。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation on eBPF-Based Network Failure Prediction Using AutoGluon 使用 AutoGluon 对基于 eBPF 的网络故障预测进行评估
IF 0.3 Q4 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-03-12 DOI: 10.23919/comex.2023XBL0183
Tianhao Zhu;Jiwon Lee;Bojian Du;Ryoma Kondo;Kentaro Matsuura;Hiroyuki Morikawa;Yoshiaki Narusue
This study evaluates an extended Berkeley Packet Filter (eBPF)-based network failure prediction method using Autogluon-Tabular to process the fine-grained network information extracted by eBPF. The extracted information is considered as input features of the proposed model, which aims to predict the subsequent packet loss and determine a network failure event before it causes a huge impact. Supervised learning and semi-supervised learning are both adopted in Autogluon. The accuracy and detection time are evaluated as the main criteria. Simulation results show that F1 scores exceed 0.9 for our proposed method, and the proposed method can achieve prediction for potential failure events within 30 and 40 seconds when symptoms such as packet loss occur.
本研究评估了一种基于扩展伯克利数据包过滤器(eBPF)的网络故障预测方法,该方法使用 Autogluon-Tabular 处理由 eBPF 提取的细粒度网络信息。提取的信息被视为所提模型的输入特征,该模型旨在预测随后的数据包丢失,并在造成巨大影响之前确定网络故障事件。Autogluon 采用了监督学习和半监督学习两种方法。评估的主要标准是准确率和检测时间。仿真结果表明,我们提出的方法的 F1 分数超过了 0.9,当出现丢包等症状时,我们提出的方法能在 30 秒和 40 秒内预测出潜在的故障事件。
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引用次数: 0
Fingerprint Localization Scheme with Correction for Missing Values in Training Data and Data Augmentation 校正训练数据缺失值和增强数据的指纹定位方案
IF 0.3 Q4 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-03-12 DOI: 10.23919/comex.2024TCL0010
Togo Shinomiya;Satoru Aikawa;Shinichiro Yamamoto
This study discusses an indoor localization method using the radio signal strength indicator (RSSI) of a wireless local area network (LAN). An indoor localization method that adapts a convolutional neural network (CNN) to the fingerprint method is used. In this method, the CNN learns the access point (AP) information for each coordinate using the RSSI and media access control (MAC) addresses obtained from the wireless LAN APs and compares them with the AP information received from the user to estimate the user location. However, data collection for learning is costly when using CNNs. In addition, there is a problem of missing data owing to various factors when collecting AP information. Therefore, data augmentation is proposed as a method to reduce the cost of data collection while maintaining accuracy and is performed after correcting for missing values. However, data augmentation can produce unrealistic data. This paper proposes a method for correcting missing values in measurement data as a solution to this problem.
本研究讨论了一种利用无线局域网(LAN)的无线电信号强度指示器(RSSI)进行室内定位的方法。它采用了一种将卷积神经网络(CNN)与指纹法相适配的室内定位方法。在这种方法中,CNN 利用从无线局域网接入点获得的 RSSI 和媒体访问控制 (MAC) 地址,学习每个坐标的接入点 (AP) 信息,并将其与从用户处获得的接入点信息进行比较,以估计用户位置。然而,在使用 CNN 时,用于学习的数据收集成本很高。此外,在收集接入点信息时,还存在因各种因素造成的数据缺失问题。因此,有人提出了数据增强方法,作为一种在保持准确性的同时降低数据收集成本的方法,并在校正缺失值后进行数据增强。然而,数据扩增可能会产生不真实的数据。本文提出了一种校正测量数据缺失值的方法,以解决这一问题。
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引用次数: 0
High-Precision Automatic Optical Axis Alignment of LED Backhaul in Lighting Surroundings Based on Object Detection 基于物体检测的照明环境中 LED 背光的高精度自动光轴对准
IF 0.3 Q4 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-03-12 DOI: 10.23919/comex.2024XBL0003
Yuma Nishimura;Wataru Chujo;Kentaro Kobayashi
Research on high-throughput optical wireless communication (OWC) has been progressing toward sixth generation. As half-power beam width of near-infrared 600 Mbps light emitting diode backhaul (LEDBH) consisting of LED and photodiode is narrow, high-precision optical axis alignment of LEDBH is important. So far, the optical axis was manually aligned using a scope. In this study, object detection using deep learning, YOLOv7, is adapted to automatically align the optical axis. Average precisions of LEDBH detection are evaluated in lighting surroundings while changing the camera exposure time. The optical axis is finely adjusted with object detection and mechanical angle adjustment.
高吞吐量光无线通信(OWC)的研究正在向第六代迈进。由于由发光二极管和光电二极管组成的近红外 600 Mbps 发光二极管回程(LEDBH)的半功率光束宽度较窄,因此 LEDBH 的高精度光轴对准非常重要。迄今为止,光轴都是通过瞄准镜手动对准的。在本研究中,利用深度学习的对象检测(YOLOv7)来自动对准光轴。在改变相机曝光时间的同时,对照明环境中 LEDBH 检测的平均精度进行了评估。通过物体检测和机械角度调整对光轴进行了微调。
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引用次数: 0
Channel Capacity Evaluation of 920-MHz Band IoT Platform via LEO Satellite 通过低地轨道卫星对 920-MHz 频段物联网平台的信道容量进行评估
IF 0.3 Q4 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-03-12 DOI: 10.23919/comex.2024XBL0025
Kazumitsu Sakamoto;Yosuke Fujino
In a 920-MHz band Internet-of-Things (IoT) platform via a low Earth orbit satellite, signal collisions frequently occur between the desired satellite IoT (S-IoT) terminals and interference from terrestrial IoT (T-IoT) terminals accommodated in the T-IoT platform. In this letter, computer simulation is used to evaluate the capacity for S-IoT terminals per satellite that can be achieved by applying minimum mean squared error receiver beamforming in each case of using low power wide area terminals of LoRa, Sigfox, and ELTRES. The results show that a satellite can accommodate 1 million-order terminals by using multiple channels in the 920-MHz band.
在通过低地球轨道卫星的 920-MHz 频段物联网(IoT)平台中,所需的卫星物联网(S-IoT)终端与 T-IoT 平台中的地面物联网(T-IoT)终端之间经常会发生信号碰撞。在这封信中,计算机模拟评估了在使用 LoRa、Sigfox 和 ELTRES 的低功率广域终端的每种情况下,通过应用最小均方误差接收器波束成形,每颗卫星可实现的 S-IoT 终端容量。结果表明,通过使用 920 MHz 频段的多个信道,一颗卫星可容纳 100 万阶终端。
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引用次数: 0
Location-Aided Fast Beam Tracking Algorithm for Millimeter-Wave V2I 毫米波 V2I 的定位辅助快速光束跟踪算法
IF 0.3 Q4 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-03-12 DOI: 10.23919/comex.2024XBL0001
Sojin Ozawa;Tokio Ikuta;Yuki Sasaki;Ryo Iwaki;Jin Nakazato;Manabu Tsukada;Hideya So;Kazuki Maruta
This article proposes a millimeter-wave fast beam tracking algorithm for moving vehicles, considering a geometry of road environment. Focusing on the fact that vehicle movement is constrained on roads, horizontal and vertical beam directions are determined based on obtainable driving direction and road shape. In addition, we perform a two-pattern beam selection for the vehicle's forward and rearward directions to estimate the beam tracking speed. By conducting simulations using SUMO, which emulates vehicle movement on various roads, we verified the effective operation of the proposed scheme and confirmed its superiority over the existing beam sweeping approach.
考虑到道路环境的几何形状,本文提出了一种针对移动车辆的毫米波快速光束跟踪算法。考虑到车辆移动受限于道路,我们根据可获得的行驶方向和道路形状确定水平和垂直波束方向。此外,我们还对车辆的前进和后退方向进行了双模式光束选择,以估算光束跟踪速度。通过使用模拟车辆在各种道路上行驶的 SUMO 进行仿真,我们验证了所提方案的有效运行,并确认其优于现有的光束扫描方法。
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引用次数: 0
A Study on Adaptively Adjusting Phases Accumulative Number for Remote Heart-Rate Sensing with mm-wave Multi-Chirp FMCW Radar 利用毫米波多啁啾 FMCW 雷达自适应调整相位累积数以实现远程心率传感的研究
IF 0.3 Q4 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-03-09 DOI: 10.23919/comex.2024XBL0061
Tatsunori Saito;Yaokun Hu;Takeshi Toda
We proposed a phase accumulation to improve the SNR and accuracy on remote heartrate measurement based on multiple chirps mm-wave FMCW radar. However, specification of radar module has continued to be upgraded and it has become clear that increasing number of the accumulative phases may actually worsen the heartrate estimation accuracy, depending on subject and time of experiment. Therefore, this article proposes adaptive adjusting accumulative number of phases, for remote heartrate measurement based on mm-wave multiple chirps FMCW radar. The method adaptively adjusts accumulative number of phases of the received multiple chirps in each observation window according to a SNR criterion. Experimental result shows effect of the proposed method compared with single chirp and 32-phase accumulated cases, for eight subjects.
我们提出了一种相位累加方法,以提高基于多啁啾毫米波 FMCW 雷达的远程心率测量的信噪比和精度。然而,随着雷达模块规格的不断升级,我们发现增加累积相位的数量实际上可能会降低心率估计的准确性,这取决于实验对象和实验时间。因此,本文提出了自适应调整累积相数的方法,用于基于毫米波多啁啾 FMCW 雷达的远程心率测量。该方法根据信噪比标准自适应地调整每个观测窗口中接收到的多个啁啾的累积相位数。实验结果表明,与单啁啾和 32 相累积的情况相比,在 8 个受试者中,所提议的方法效果显著。
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引用次数: 0
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IEICE Communications Express
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