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Una discusión disciplinaria y epistemológica de la geopolítica y su aplicación al caso suramericano 地缘政治的学科和认识论讨论及其在南美案例中的应用
IF 0.3 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2019-03-01 DOI: 10.4067/s0717-554x2019000300366
L. Cabrera-Toledo
espanolResumen: Este articulo tiene por objetivo establecer las bases para una comprension disciplinaria y epistemologica de la geopolitica, considerando su ubicacion como campo de estudio y el principal debate entre la perspectiva clasica y critica de la misma en America del Sur. En este sentido, se efectua un abordaje historico sobre la evolucion de la geopolitica, decantando en la manera en como el conocimiento geopolitico se ha dado en la region mencionada, al tiempo que se senalan las dificultades y propuestas de investigacion en el campo senalado. Se concluye que una discusion epistemologica de la geopolitica no solamente ayudara a lograr una mejor construccion y entendimiento del conocimiento geopolitico, desde un punto de vista holistico, sino que ayudara a destacar el rol de la academia en la necesidad de ser el eje articulador de dicha discusion. EnglishAbstract: This article aims to establish the basis for a disciplinary and epistemological understanding of geopolitics, considering its location as a field of study and the main debate between the classical and critical perspective in South America. In this sense, a historical approach is made on the evolution of geopolitics, decanting in the way in which geopolitical knowledge has been given in the region while pointing out the difficulties and research proposals in the field. It concludes that an epistemological discussion of geopolitics will not only help to achieve a better construction and understanding of geopolitical knowledge, from a holistic point of view, but also highlight the role of academics to articulate the discussion.
摘要:本文旨在为地缘政治的学科和认识论理解奠定基础,考虑到地缘政治作为一个研究领域的位置,以及南美洲古典和批判地缘政治观点之间的主要辩论。因此,本文提出了一种地缘政治演变的历史方法,选择了地缘政治知识在上述地区的发生方式,同时讨论了该领域的困难和研究建议。本文认为,地缘政治的认识论讨论不仅有助于从整体的角度更好地构建和理解地缘政治知识,而且有助于强调学术界在这一讨论中所扮演的角色。英语:本文旨在为地缘政治的学科和认识论理解奠定基础,将地缘政治的位置作为一个研究领域和南美洲古典和批判观点之间的主要争论。在这方面,一种历史方法是关于地缘政治的演变,强调在该区域提供地缘政治知识的方式,同时指出该领域的困难和研究建议。它的结论是,对地缘政治的认识论讨论不仅有助于从整体的角度更好地构建和理解地缘政治知识,而且也突出了学者在阐明讨论方面的作用。
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引用次数: 5
Habitus, campo y capital. Lecciones teóricas y metodológicas de un sociólogo bearnés 惯习、领域和资本。贝恩社会学家的理论和方法课程
IF 0.3 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2019-03-01 DOI: 10.4067/s0717-554x2019000300310
A. U. Cerón-Martínez
espanolResumen: En la formula Campo + [Capital + Habitus] = Practicas sociales, se condensan las aportaciones de un autor como Pierre Bourdieu a nivel teorico, y de ahi es posible desprender el metodo de abordaje para la investigacion social al recuperar lo objetivo y lo subjetivo de las practicas sociales. A partir de los conceptos asi formulados, se proponen dos lecciones que se desprenden del trabajo intelectual del sociologo bearnes: lecciones teoricas y algunas lecciones metodologicas derivadas de las primeras, con el fin de contribuir a una sistematizacion explicita de su modus operandi para la investigacion social, toda vez que el autor nunca lo hizo para evitar que sus aportaciones quedasen atrapadas con la rigidez de los esquemas escolasticos. En este sentido, el autor es tanto objeto como instrumento de la reflexion propuesta que mira a la nocion de capital como la metodologicamente mas importante para la practica de la investigacion social. EnglishAbstract: In the formula Field + [Capital + Habitus] = Social practices, the contributions of an author such as Pierre Bourdieu are condensed on a theoretical level, and from there it is possible to detach the approached method for social research by recovering the objective and subjective aspects of social practices based on the concepts thus formulated, two lessons are proposed that are derived from the intellectual work of the bearnese sociologist: theoretical lessons and some methodological lessons derived from the former, in order to contribute to an explicit systematization of their modus operandi for social research, since the author never did it to avoid that his contributions were trapped with the rigidity of the scholastic schemes. In this sense, the author is both an object and an instrument of the proposed reflection that looks at the notion of capital as the most important methodologically for the practice of social research.
espanolResumen提出:在资本领域+ [+ Habitus] =社会实践,封装了缴款作者皮埃尔鉴别那里teorico层面可能解开登机的方式来恢复社会调查的目标和你主观的社会实践。从概念所强调的那样,提出了两个热气的脑力劳动中吸取的教益sociologo bearnes教训:teoricas和产生的一些课metodologicas首批,以帮助sistematizacion根据社会调查的莫,鉴于提交人不会为了避免费用所作的贡献困僵硬地escolasticos模式。从这个意义上说,作者既是反思的对象,也是反思的工具,反思的目标是资本的危害,是社会研究实践中最重要的方法论。EnglishAbstract提出:In the Field + [+ Habitus] =社会资本,董事会of an提交人如皮埃尔鉴别are condensed on a理论层面,and it单人床from there to detach the method for Social research by废弃物the目标和询问主观aspects of Social practices based on the概念因此formulated, two lessons are - that are毁坏from the intellectual work of the bearnese sociologist:从前任那里得到的理论教训和一些方法论教训,以便对其社会研究工作方式的明确系统化作出贡献,因为作者从未避免他的贡献受到学术模式僵化的阻碍。从这个意义上说,作者既是对资本概念进行反思的对象,也是对社会研究实践进行反思的工具。
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引用次数: 5
Incommensurability, types of phenomena and relevant incompatibility (part I) 不可通约性、现象类型和相关的不可相容性(第一部分)
IF 0.3 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2018-12-01 DOI: 10.4067/S0717-554X2018000300323
E. Céspedes
Although incommensurability between theories has been object of study during many years, there does not seem to be a clear consensus regarding the notion of meaning according to which it should be characterised. Based on the notion of incommensurability proposed here, the common ground between incommensurable theories is neither determined by the sense nor by the reference of the relevant terms, but by a given phenomenon type, which fixes the subject matter of inquiry. Phenomenon types are understood as expressions that are associated with some phenomenon and describable or understandable in some language. In this proposal, two theories can refer to a same phenomenon type even if they are mutually incommensurable about the concepts used in them to grasp it. This possibility may serve as a way of fixing the subject matter of an investigation and, thus, to characterise the common ground between incommensurable paths of inquiry, offering also a strategy to solve some remaining problems associated with realism and scientific progress.
虽然理论之间的不可通约性多年来一直是研究的对象,但似乎没有一个明确的共识关于意义的概念,根据它应该被表征。基于这里提出的不可通约性概念,不可通约性理论之间的共同点既不是由意义决定的,也不是由相关术语的参考决定的,而是由给定的现象类型决定的,它确定了研究的主题。现象类型被理解为与某种现象相关的表达,用某种语言可以描述或理解。在这个建议中,两个理论可以指同一种现象类型,即使它们在理解它时所使用的概念上是不可通约的。这种可能性可以作为确定调查主题的一种方式,从而描述不可通约的调查路径之间的共同点,也提供了解决与现实主义和科学进步有关的一些遗留问题的策略。
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引用次数: 2
Realidad y significación. El giro semiótico como perspectiva y propuesta de ponderación epistémica 现实与意义。符号学转向作为认识论思考的视角和建议
IF 0.3 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2018-12-01 DOI: 10.4067/S0717-554X2018000300283
Raúl Fernando Linares
espanolResumen: En el presente articulo se propone una revision de caracter descriptivo respecto a distintos momentos en los que el llamado giro semiotico de las ciencias sociales colinda con algunas categorias epistemicas fundamentales para la construccion de un proceso consciente de acercamiento a lo social. Asi, la realidad como constructo discursivo, el caracter semiotico-perceptual de la observacion, los procesos de transcodificacion entre doxa y episteme o el peso estructural de la disciplina, seran los ejes fundamentales planteados para esta relacion. A partir de este planteamiento, se proponen como criterios de integracion semiotico-epistemica dos paradigmas claves en la construccion de un proceso de investigacion cualitativa: la adopcion de estructuras interdisciplinarias y el enfoque de la complejidad, que permiten problematizar las categorias anteriores, integrandolas como elementos fundamentales en la organizacion social del sentido. EnglishAbstract: The present article proposes a descriptive review of those moments in which the social sciences semiotic turn borders with some epistemic categories that results fundamental for the construction of a conscious approach to the social. Thus, the reality as a discursive construct, the semiotic character of observation, the transcoding process between doxa and episteme, or the structural wealth of discipline will be presented as fundamental axes to this relationship. Based on this approach, there are proposed as semiotic-epistemic integration judgements, two fundamental keys in the construction of a qualitative research process: the adoption of interdisciplinary structures, and the complexity perspective that allows to problematize the previous categories, integrating them as fundamental elements in the social meaning organization.
摘要:本文提出了一种描述性的回顾,在这种回顾中,社会科学的符文转向与一些基本的认识论范畴相对应,这些认识论范畴是构建社会方法的有意识过程的基础。因此,现实作为一种话语建构,观察的符符-知觉特征,doxa和认识论之间的转换过程,或学科的结构权重,将是这种关系的基本轴。从这个方针,建议作为标准integracion semiotico-epistemica两个模式在肯尼亚的一个质的调查进程的关键:结构的跨学科方法及复杂性,据此可辩驳categorias先前integrandolas社会组织作为基本元素。英语stract:本文对社会科学符号学与某些认识论范畴之间的界限进行了描述性回顾,这些认识论范畴是构建社会意识方法的基础。因此,现实作为一种话语建构、观察的符号学特征、doxa与认识论之间的转换过程或学科的结构财富将作为这种关系的基本轴心呈现出来。- Based on this approach,《there are as semiotic-epistemic integration判决,two keys in the construction of a定性研究的基本过程:通过跨学科聘用,and the complexity perspective that allows to problematize the previous categories, integrating察as elements in the社会意义组织基础。
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引用次数: 1
Fundamentos metodológicos de los territorios discursivos 话语领域的方法论基础
IF 0.3 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2018-12-01 DOI: 10.4067/s0717-554x2018000300357
Sandra Villanueva-Gallardo
espanolResumen: Los territorios discursivos se erigen mediante la conformacion de dos dimensiones, una que atiende a sus componentes discursivos y la otra que responde a las caracteristicas territoriales donde todo lo develado por medio del discurso se constituye en un holograma territorial-identitario. Esto significa que nos encontramos frente a un tipo de territorio tradicionalmente invisibilizado, en gran parte, por la subalternizacion de los discursos y la no consideracion recursiva de los territorios. Por tanto, esta investigacion pretende dar cuenta de los componentes que hacen de los territorios discursivos una realidad territorial con sentidos reconocibles, tanto en sus aspectos simbolicos como materiales, desde un origen epistemologico que atiende a la naturaleza del fenomeno. EnglishAbstract: Discursive territories are created through the conformation of two dimensions, one that attends to its discursive components and the other that responds to the territorial characteristics where everything unveiled through discourse is constituted in a territorial-identity hologram. This means that we are facing a type of territory traditionally rendered invisible, in large part, by the subalternization of discourses and the recusal of territories. Therefore, this research aims to account for the components that make discursive territories a territorial reality with recognizable meanings, both in its symbolic and material aspects, from an epistemological origin that attends to the nature of the phenomenon.
摘要:话语领域是通过两个维度的形成而建立起来的,一个是满足其话语成分的,另一个是响应领土特征的,通过话语揭示的一切都构成了领土-身份的全息图。这意味着,我们面对的是一种传统上看不见的领土,很大程度上是由于话语的从属地位和对领土的不考虑。因此,本研究旨在解释使话语领域成为具有可识别意义的领土现实的组成部分,无论是在象征方面还是在物质方面,从满足现象本质的认识论起源出发。英语解释:话语领域是通过两个维度的构象创造出来的,一个是它的话语成分,另一个是对领土特征的反应,在这个特征中,通过话语揭示的一切都构成了一个领土身份全息图。这意味着我们面对的是一种传统上看不见的领土,这在很大程度上是由于话语的从属化和领土的收回。因此,本研究的目的是说明使话语领土成为具有可识别意义的领土现实的组成部分,无论是在象征意义上还是在物质意义上,都是一种等待现象性质的认识论起源。
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引用次数: 1
El grupo de discusión: revisión de premisas metodológicas 讨论小组:方法假设的修订
IF 0.3 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2018-12-01 DOI: 10.4067/S0717-554X2018000300274
Rosario Rogel-Salazar
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引用次数: 3
De la crítica a la sociología conflacionista al realismo crítico morfogenético en Margaret Archer 从对抗性社会学的批判到玛格丽特·阿彻的形态发生批判现实主义
IF 0.3 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2018-12-01 DOI: 10.4067/S0717-554X2018000300297
Sergio Pignuoli-Ocampo
This text reconstructs the general criticism to conflation formulated by Margaret Archer. In its social morphogenesis programme, Archer elaborates an acute diagnosis about the main deficits of different constructions of sociological object and she questioned them ontological and epistemologically through the figure of conflation, in which she distinguished three modes (downwards, upwards and central). Here we reconstruct each of them separately and we analyse the formulation in nuce the theoretical basis of critical and morphogenetic realism, a scientific research programme that she establishes as a nonconflation sociological way, supported by critical realism and analytical dualism. In doing so, we assume the systematic perspective of multileveled research programmes and the category of metatheorizing as
本文重构了玛格丽特·阿切尔对合并法的一般性批评。在其社会形态发生计划中,阿切尔详细阐述了对不同社会学对象结构的主要缺陷的尖锐诊断,并通过合并的形象在本体论和认识论上对它们提出质疑,其中她区分了三种模式(向下,向上和中央)。在这里,我们分别重建了它们,并分析了批判性和形态发生现实主义的理论基础,这是她建立的一种非合并的社会学方式,以批判现实主义和分析二元论为支撑的科学研究纲领。在此过程中,我们假设多层次研究计划的系统视角和元理论化的范畴
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引用次数: 0
Crítica a las genealogías reales e imaginarias 对真实和虚构家谱的批判
IF 0.3 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2018-12-01 DOI: 10.4067/s0717-554x2018000300314
Mónica Humeres
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引用次数: 0
Discursos y prácticas de la discriminación positiva para políticas indígenas en educación superior 高等教育中土著政策的积极歧视话语与实践
IF 0.3 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2018-12-01 DOI: 10.4067/S0717-554X2018000300331
Vanessa Jara-Labarthé
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引用次数: 0
Epistemología y aforismos. Usos de la antropología contemporánea
IF 0.3 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2018-12-01 DOI: 10.4067/S0717-554X2018000300365
Rossana Cassigoli
This paper identifies epistemological principles that would come to define the task of anthropological research. These principles are theoretical assumptions which would inform the practice of a discipline based on a method of qualitative observation, and on the systematic recording of the things observed with a markedly subjective tone. In this study, I offer a proposal on the ethical stance implicit in the acknowledgement and explicitation of the locus of research, which would in turn underpin the articulation of an explanatory discourse that is demonstrative in nature. A hypothetical researcher would be aware of the multi-dimensional and subjective representation of the phenomenon observed and shun immediatist or prescriptive interpretations. In the conceptual framework offered by Bourdieu, interpretation in this case would entail a modus operandi as a practical expression and “common sense” as a cultural manifestation. What is proposed here is a meditative observation that would result in the co-involvement of the anthropological subject in that which the anthropologist seeks to explain.
本文确定了认识论原则,这些原则将定义人类学研究的任务。这些原则是理论上的假设,它们将为一门基于定性观察方法的学科的实践提供信息,并以明显主观的语气系统地记录所观察到的事物。在这项研究中,我提出了一个关于伦理立场的建议,隐含在对研究地点的承认和阐明中,这反过来又支撑了解释性话语的表达,这在本质上是示范性的。假设研究者会意识到观察到的现象的多维度和主观表征,并避免直接主义或规定性的解释。在布迪厄提供的概念框架中,对这种情况的解释将需要一种作为实践表达的手法和一种作为文化表现的“常识”。这里提出的是一种沉思的观察,它将导致人类学家试图解释的人类学家主体的共同参与。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Cinta de Moebio
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