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A positivist criticism of positivist growth theory 对实证成长理论的实证主义批判
IF 0.3 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.4067/s0717-554x2021000300215
E. Céspedes
The notion of growth is one of the most studied notions within economic theory and, traditionally, it is accounted for on the basis of a positivist thesis according to which assumptions are not relevant, as long as economic models have acceptable predictive power. Following this view, it does not matter whether assumptions are realistic or not. Arguments against this principle may involve a defense of the realistic assumptions over highly idealized or false ones. This article aims in a different direction. Instead of demanding more realism, we can accept the spirit of the mentioned thesis, but, instead, criticize the circularity that may arise by combining different assumptions that are necessary for the explanation of economic growth in mainstream economics. Such a circularity is a key aspect of the well-known problem of providing microfoundations for macroeconomic properties. It is here suggested that the notion of emergence could be appropriate to arrive at a better understanding of growth, clarifying the issues related to circularity, but without totally rejecting the usefulness of unrealistic assumptions.
增长的概念是经济理论中研究最多的概念之一,传统上,它是在实证主义理论的基础上进行解释的,根据这种理论,只要经济模型具有可接受的预测能力,假设就不相关。按照这种观点,假设是否现实并不重要。反对这一原则的论点可能涉及对现实假设的辩护,而不是高度理想化或错误的假设。这篇文章的目的不同。我们不需要更多的现实主义,我们可以接受上述论文的精神,但是,相反,批评可能出现的循环,将不同的假设结合起来,这是解释主流经济学中经济增长所必需的。这种循环是众所周知的为宏观经济属性提供微观基础问题的一个关键方面。这里提出,涌现的概念可能适合于更好地理解增长,澄清与循环有关的问题,但不完全拒绝不切实际的假设的用处。
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引用次数: 1
Asuntos críticos acerca del método en investigación educativa 教育研究方法的关键问题
IF 0.3 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.4067/s0717-554x2021000200150
Luis Guillermo Jaramillo-Echeverri, Juan Carlos Aguirre-García
This article deals with method and its relation to educational research. The objective is to analyze the relevance of method in human and social sciences, especially in education. To this end, we divide this article into three sections: 1. Is there a method? 2. Is there one or more methods? 3. The discussion on method in educational research. To the first question, we answer that there is a method. We answer the second question by pointing out the need to adopt methodological pluralism. The third section argues that discussions on the method of educational research involve ontological, epistemological, and ethical dimensions that have become critical, and a review is made of each of them. In the concluding section, we suggest some ways to disentangle these critical issues in educational research.
本文论述方法及其与教育研究的关系。目的是分析方法在人文和社会科学,特别是在教育中的相关性。为此,我们将本文分为三个部分:有办法吗?2. 有一个或多个方法吗?3.关于教育研究方法的探讨。对于第一个问题,我们的回答是有办法的。我们对第二个问题的回答是指出需要采取方法上的多元主义。第三部分认为,关于教育研究方法的讨论涉及已经变得至关重要的本体论、认识论和伦理维度,并对它们进行了回顾。在结论部分,我们提出了一些方法来理清这些教育研究中的关键问题。
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引用次数: 0
Contra la anti-explicación 反对反解释
IF 0.3 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.4067/s0717-554x2021000200109
C. Ramírez
The contingency of social and political phenomena has been addressed by various contemporary theories. The topic circulates in historical sociology, Luhmann's system theory, historical institutionalism, counterfactual history, or post-Marxism, associated, among others, to the disruptive and abrupt character of certain historical processes, the cross points of initially independent causal series, the inconsistency of all order, the coexistence of possible worlds or the electivity associated with the agency. As part of that constellation, and along with a case study, the sociologist Charles Kurzman speaks of the “anti-explanation”. The purpose of such is not just to question, on that basis, any predictive haste of the social sciences, but the very possibility of causally analyzing contingent phenomena such as revolutions and social movements. The text seeks to develop a counterargument to this thesis, moving along the epistemological and historical-social double plane in which Kurzman operates and showing, at the same time, its filiation and resonance with post-Marxist positions. With the purpose of integrating the contingency with the explanation of the type of phenomena mentioned, concepts such as downward causation, catalysts, complex loops, and causal mechanisms are used.
社会和政治现象的偶然性已被各种当代理论所讨论。这个话题在历史社会学、卢曼的系统理论、历史制度主义、反事实历史或后马克思主义中流传,其中包括某些历史进程的破坏性和突然性、最初独立因果序列的交叉点、所有秩序的不一致性、可能世界的共存或与代理相关的可选性。社会学家查尔斯·库兹曼(Charles Kurzman)在一个案例研究中谈到了“反解释”。这样做的目的不仅仅是在此基础上质疑社会科学的草率预测,而是对革命和社会运动等偶然现象进行因果分析的可能性。本文试图发展对这一论点的反驳,沿着认识论和历史-社会的双重层面前进,库兹曼在其中操作并展示,同时,它与后马克思主义立场的关系和共鸣。为了将偶然性与所提到的现象类型的解释结合起来,使用了诸如向下因果关系、催化剂、复杂回路和因果机制等概念。
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引用次数: 0
El conocimiento del ser humano y de la naturaleza en la estética de lo sublime de Kant 康德的崇高美学中关于人与自然的知识
IF 0.3 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.4067/s0717-554x2021000200135
Antonio Gutiérrez-Pozo
The main goal of this paper is to show the important anthropological consequences of the Kantian analysis of the sublime. From Kant’s idea of the sublime, first, a high estimation of humanity is inferred and, second, a concept of human being as infinite finitude is deduced. Since the sublime is also respect for nature, it also infers a conception of nature opposite to that represented by scientific modernity, a humanized nature worthy of admiration and respect.
本文的主要目的是展示康德对崇高分析的重要人类学结果。从康德的崇高思想中,首先推导出对人性的高度评价,其次推导出人是无限有限的概念。既然崇高也是对自然的尊重,那么它也就推断出一种与科学现代性所代表的相反的自然观,一种值得钦佩和尊重的人性化的自然。
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引用次数: 1
El concepto de Pietät en la teoría social de Hegel, parte II 黑格尔社会理论中的pietat概念,第二部分
IF 0.3 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.4067/s0717-554x2021000200124
Adolfo Lizárraga-Gómez
This article stresses the term Pietat in Hegel's work as a fundamental concept to a philosophy that open several fields on social theory facing inexorably positivism or “naturalistic materialism” from which have been made renown critics to Hegel on social science. Through this term, Hegel describes a social evolution looking for the substance of each one of the stages that comprise it, particularly in the West. This paper first exposes the place in the Hegel’s work where the term Pietat appears as the beginning of that social evolution. Then it is exposed the destiny of that evolution as completeness of human-subjectivity. Finally, is specified the fields of research open by the study of the term Pietat, that in Hegel is turned to concept.
本文强调黑格尔著作中的“皮埃塔特”一词是一种哲学的基本概念,它打开了社会理论的几个领域,这些领域面临着不可阻挡的实证主义或“自然唯物主义”,这些领域已成为黑格尔社会科学的著名批评者。通过这个术语,黑格尔描述了一种社会进化,寻找构成它的每个阶段的实质,特别是在西方。本文首先揭示了在黑格尔著作中,“Pietat”一词作为社会进化的开端出现的地方。然后,它揭示了作为人的主体性的完备性的进化的命运。最后,具体说明了黑格尔转向概念这一术语所开辟的研究领域。
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引用次数: 0
Estudios críticos en discapacidad: aportes epistemológicos de un campo plural 残疾的批判性研究:多元领域的认识论贡献
IF 0.3 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-04-12 DOI: 10.4067/S0717-554X2021000100017
Beatriz Revuelta, R. Hernández
Critical disability studies have become over the last three decades an interdisciplinary academic field that introduces a plural and diverse path to understanding disability. These studies focus on a series of theoretical developments that privilege cultural, discursive, and relational understandings of disability, connecting the aspirations of people with disabilities with the agendas of feminist, queer, postcolonial, poststructuralism and posthuman studies. This work aims to outline the epistemological contributions of these studies through the identification of theoretical axes that have been consolidated: power, production of bodies and internalized oppression; intersectionality and multiple identities; and posthuman assemblages. The contribution of these axes lies on the one hand, in the departure from the disability-impediment binary characteristic of the more conventional social studies of disability, which allows us to understand the variability of experiences of disability, and, on the other hand, it makes disability concept strategic to explain the ways in which subjects are produced in current societies.
在过去的三十年中,批判性残疾研究已经成为一个跨学科的学术领域,为理解残疾提供了多元和多样化的途径。这些研究聚焦于一系列的理论发展,这些理论发展强调对残疾的文化、话语和关系理解,将残疾人的愿望与女权主义、酷儿、后殖民、后结构主义和后人类研究的议程联系起来。这项工作旨在通过确定已经巩固的理论轴来概述这些研究的认识论贡献:权力,身体的生产和内化压迫;交叉性和多重身份;以及后人类的集合。这些坐标轴的贡献在于,一方面,脱离了更传统的残疾社会研究的残疾-障碍二元特征,这使我们能够理解残疾经历的可变性,另一方面,它使残疾概念成为解释当前社会中主体产生方式的战略。
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引用次数: 6
Un diálogo entre la red de Bruno Latour y la malla de Tim Ingold cruzado por la experiencia 布鲁诺·拉图尔的网络与蒂姆·英戈尔德的经验交叉网格之间的对话
IF 0.3 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-04-12 DOI: 10.4067/S0717-554X2021000100068
Sebastián Muñoz
This article aims to present a dialogue between Latour's notion of network with Ingold's concept of meshwork. This dialogue is based on the exploration of the challenges that arise in valuing nonhumans in the analysis of these authors. To clarify how the link between humans and nonhumans is specifically developed, I introduce the pragmatic notion of experience. In this line, I described the differences between a “flattened body” (Latour) and a “body that experiences” (Ingold), in what is considered an experiential emphasis. Finally, Latour's relocation of the notion of network in his later work is discussed. The article concludes by pointing out that the conceptual development presented should be seen less as a contrast between stabilized theoretical models, than as a reflection in movement linked to experimental forms of research.
本文旨在将拉图尔的网络概念与英格尔的网状概念进行对话。这场对话是基于对这些作者在分析中对非人类价值观的挑战的探索。为了阐明人类和非人类之间的联系是如何具体发展的,我引入了经验的语用概念。在这句话中,我描述了“扁平的身体”(Latour)和“体验的身体”的区别,这被认为是经验的重点。最后,讨论了拉图尔在后期作品中对网络概念的重新定位。文章最后指出,所提出的概念发展不应被视为稳定的理论模型之间的对比,而应被看作是与实验研究形式相关的运动中的反映。
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引用次数: 3
Aproximación hacia una comprensión estructural de la e-justicia 电子司法的结构理解方法
IF 0.3 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-04-12 DOI: 10.4067/s0717-554x2021000100081
Alex Rodrigo Coll, R. Restrepo
El presente articulo propone una vision estructural de la e-justicia por contraposicion al reduccionismo metodologico e instrumental actual que la concibe como la simple incorporacion de los dispositivos tecnologicos de la informacion y de la comunicacion a la funcion publica judicial de impartir justicia, cuando mas, a una transformacion cultural del organo judicial. El analisis plantea que la justicia es un concepto medular de la estabilidad social, que no se agota en la funcionalidad judicial, que depende de las asignaciones estimativas acerca de aquello que para cada sociedad significa la armonia o la armonizacion social en relacion con la interferencia de las conductas entre los individuos que la conforman. Con la introduccion de la teoria de la impetracion de la justicia se propone que la sociedad sea un componente activo de la gestion conflictiva a partir de la idea de justicia que se construye de igual forma, sin permitir que se le conciba como un simple receptor de la demanda de justicia que de forma vertical entrega la organizacion publica al margen de la realidad social, que ha adquirido una nueva configuracion con la eclosion de la tecnologia en todos los ambitos de la vida humana.
本跟进提议e-justicia结构一个窄contraposicion仪器知识metodologico和目前设备视为简单的incorporacion tecnologicos信息和沟通,伸张正义,当更多的司法公共服务章程,文化transformacion司法能力。分析指出,司法对社会稳定是一个基本概念,不干燥的司法功能,就是取决于缴付有关拨款和对于每个意味着社会或社会armonizacion中个体间的关系与行为干扰组成。理论的介绍与司法impetracion拟社会成为一个活性成分化学品管理的冲突公正的思想构建起同样地,不让接受者在适当时候仅仅看作他的司法需求垂直地交付组织张贴旁观的社会现实,得到了新的配置与科技所有eclosion ambitos人命。
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引用次数: 1
Epistemología de la imposibilidad o ciencia de la indeterminación 不可能认识论或不确定性科学
IF 0.3 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-04-12 DOI: 10.4067/S0717-554X2021000100044
C. Maldonado
Este articulo parte de un interrogante y se propone abordar un problema, a saber, si existen y son posibles una epistemologia de la imposibilidad o, lo que es equivalente, una ciencia de la indeterminacion. A fin de resolver el problema, se proponen tres argumentos. Esto son: primero, la imposibilidad, como la indeterminacion, no deben ser concebido en modo alguno como limitaciones, restricciones o carencias. Por el contrario, se trata de ganancias o adquisiciones en el campo del conocimiento y de la investigacion. En segundo termino, la imposibilidad significa un abandono de toda la tradicion centrada en la importancia del ser, la realidad, lo dado, lo que acaece o lo que esta ahi. Lo que esta en juego es una fantastica revolucion cientifica. El tercer argumento pone en evidencia que el mundo y el universo no tienen una determinacion especifica, y ciertamente no dada de antemano. Sobre la base de estos tres argumentos el articulo afirma que no hay ninguna disyuntiva entre una epistemologia de la imposibilidad y una ciencia de la indeterminacion, y que la buena investigacion puede avanzar por este camino gracias al descubrimiento o la invencion, que es la duplice forma de una educacion e investigacion que sabe de cambios y transformaciones. Algunas conclusiones de cara a las ciencias sociales y humanas se extraen el final.
本文从一个问题出发,提出了一个问题,即不可能的认识论是否存在,是否可能,或者等价地,一门不确定性的科学。为了解决这个问题,提出了三个论点。它们是:第一,不可能,就像不确定性一样,绝不能被认为是限制、限制或缺陷。相反,它是知识和研究领域的收益或获得。第二,不可能意味着放弃所有的传统,专注于存在、现实、给予、发生或存在的重要性。这是一场奇妙的科学革命。第三个论点表明,世界和宇宙并没有一个特定的决定,当然也不是预先给出的。这三个参数的基础上跟进说没有一个接缝epistemologia无法和一个indeterminacion科学、善可以沿着这条路,通过调查发现或invencion duplice是教育的形式和调查知道变更与转换。最后得出了一些关于社会和人文科学的结论。
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引用次数: 0
Motricidad y corporeidad como relaciones basadas en el desarrollo de lo humano 运动技能和身体是基于人类发展的关系
IF 0.3 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-04-12 DOI: 10.4067/S0717-554X2021000100055
Napoleón Murcia-Peña, Giovanni Corvetto-Castro
Las relaciones entre motricidad y corporeidad son fundamentales en una consideracion de desarrollo humano. Mostrar las particularidades de cada una de ellas, asi como de sus dimensiones, y analizar su fuerte articulacion, nos resulta importante para comprender la naturaleza humanizadora de las mismas. El texto muestra las diferencias entre la motricidad y la corporeidad y argumenta desde la analogia de los magmas la posibilidad de comprender su imbricada relacion y diferencia para poder desarrollar un concepto hacia el desarrollo de lo humano del ser.
运动技能和身体之间的关系是人类发展考虑的基础。在我们的研究中,我们发现了许多不同的主题,这些主题在不同的语境中有不同的含义。本文从岩浆的类比出发,论证了理解它们相互交织的关系和差异的可能性,从而发展出一种发展人类存在的概念。
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引用次数: 3
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Cinta de Moebio
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