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Late Pleistocene Paramylodon harlani (Xenarthra, Mylodontidae) from Térapa, Sonora, Mexico 来自墨西哥索诺拉州Térapa的晚更新世哈雷副弯齿虫(异构虫目,Mylodontiae)
IF 2.3 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-05-07 DOI: 10.3390/quat6020031
H. Gregory McDonald, J. Mead, Sandra L. Swift
While the North American mylodont sloth, Parmylodon harlani, has been identified in multiple localities in Mexico, most of these records are from the southern part of the country. Consequently, there is a large geographic gap between its distribution in Mexico and the more northern records of the species in the United States. The recovery of the remains of multiple individuals of Paramylodon harlani, as part of a late Pleistocene fauna in San Clemente de Térapa, Sonora, Mexico, partially fills this geographic gap and provides a broader understanding of the differences in the species’ ecology over a wide latitudinal range. A comparison of the paleoecology of the Térapa site with other sites with P. harlani in the fauna to the south and north provides valuable information on how regional topography and different plant communities impact the sloth’s distribution and underlying causes for its extinction.
虽然在墨西哥的多个地方已经发现了北美糜齿树懒Parmylodon harlani,但这些记录大多来自该国南部。因此,它在墨西哥的分布与美国更北部的物种记录之间存在很大的地理差距。作为墨西哥索诺拉州圣克莱门特德Térapa更新世晚期动物群的一部分,哈拉尼副齿龙多个个体的遗骸的发现部分填补了这一地理空白,并使人们更广泛地了解了该物种在宽纬度范围内的生态差异。将Térapa遗址的古生态学与南部和北部动物群中其他具有P.harlani的遗址进行比较,可以提供关于区域地形和不同植物群落如何影响树懒分布及其灭绝的根本原因的宝贵信息。
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引用次数: 0
Vegetation Composition in a Typical Mediterranean Setting (Gulf of Corinth, Greece) during Successive Quaternary Climatic Cycles 连续第四纪气候循环中典型地中海环境(希腊科林斯湾)的植被组成
IF 2.3 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-05-05 DOI: 10.3390/quat6020030
Aikaterini Kafetzidou, E. Fatourou, K. Panagiotopoulos, F. Marret, K. Kouli
The Gulf of Corinth is a semi-isolated basin in central Greece interrupting the Pindus Mountain Range, which nowadays is a biodiversity hotspot. Considering its key location, deep drilling was carried out within the International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP; Expedition 381: Corinth Active Rift Development) aiming to improve our understanding of climatic and environmental evolution in the region. Here, we present a new long pollen record from a Mediterranean setting in the southernmost tip of the Balkan Peninsula recording the vegetation succession within the Quaternary. The Corinth pollen record shows no major shifts in arboreal pollen between glacial and interglacial intervals, while Mediterranean and mesophilous taxa remain abundant throughout the study interval. During interglacials, the most frequent reconstructed biomes are cool mixed evergreen needleleaf (CMIX) and deciduous broadleaf forests (DBWB), while graminoid with forb (GRAM) and xerophytic shrubs (XSHB) dominate within glacials. Our findings support the hypothesis that the study area was a significant refugium, providing suitable habitats for Mediterranean, mesophilous and montane trees during successive Quaternary climate cycles.
科林斯湾是希腊中部的一个半孤立盆地,与如今的生物多样性热点品杜斯山脉隔海相望。考虑到其关键位置,在国际海洋发现计划(IODP;远征381:科林斯活动裂谷开发)范围内进行了深度钻探,旨在提高我们对该地区气候和环境演变的理解。在这里,我们展示了一个来自巴尔干半岛最南端地中海环境的新的长花粉记录,记录了第四纪的植被演替。科林斯花粉记录显示,在冰川期和间冰川期之间,树木花粉没有发生重大变化,而地中海和中生植物类群在整个研究期间仍然丰富。在间冰期,最常见的重建生物群落是凉爽的混合常绿针叶林(CMIX)和落叶阔叶林(DBWB),而在冰川期内,禾本科与杂生灌木(GRAM)和旱生灌木(XSHB)占主导地位。我们的发现支持了这样一种假设,即研究区域是一个重要的避难所,在连续的第四纪气候周期中为地中海、中生和山地树木提供了合适的栖息地。
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引用次数: 0
Buried River Valleys of the Neogene and Early Quaternary in the Middle Volga Region, European Russia 俄罗斯中部伏尔加地区新近纪和第四纪早期埋藏河谷
IF 2.3 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-04-30 DOI: 10.3390/quat6020029
Elena V. Petrova, A. Gusarov, A. Beylich
Buried river valleys from the Neogene–Quaternary time are widespread throughout the Middle Volga region of the Russian Plain. They have been studied for a long period, since the 1940s, with the last major generalizations dating back to the 1980s. This paper presents new results based on GIS mapping using materials from the state geological study of the region in 1960–1970, 1984–1996 and 2000–2002. On the whole, the pattern of the buried valley network is close to the modern valley network of the region. During the Quaternary, the right-sided displacement of the valley incisions prevailed. The incisions of modern river valleys are located above the Neogene (pre-Akchagyl) incisions almost throughout the entire territory. The vertical displacement amplitude ranges from 30 to 200 m. The morphometric characteristics of the paleovalleys (the depth and width of the incisions, as well as the gradients of the bottoms of the paleovalleys) exceeded modern ones. The maximum values were typical for the middle Paleo-Volga valley: the width of the valley reached 10 km, the incision depth was −201.4 m below sea level and the bottom gradient was 0.9–5.0 m/km. The most important factor that influenced the position of paleovalleys and their morphological appearance was fluctuations in the level of the Caspian paleowaterbody. According to this study, the development of paleovalleys began in the Miocene and ended in the Early Quaternary. The alluvial–lacustrine type of sedimentation was predominant. The results of this work contribute to the study of the paleogeography of the Cenozoic of the southeast of the Russian Plain.
新近纪-第四纪的隐伏河谷广泛分布于俄罗斯平原中伏尔加河地区。自20世纪40年代以来,人们对它们进行了很长一段时间的研究,最后一次主要的概括可以追溯到20世纪80年代。本文利用1960 ~ 1970年、1984 ~ 1996年和2000 ~ 2002年的区域国家地质研究资料,介绍了GIS制图的新成果。从总体上看,隐伏谷网格局与该地区现代谷网格局较为接近。第四纪以河谷切口向右移位为主。现代河谷的切口位于新近纪(前akchagyl)切口之上,几乎遍及整个领土。垂直位移幅值为30 ~ 200 m。古峡谷的形态特征(切口的深度和宽度以及谷底的坡度)超过现代。其中,古伏尔加河流域中部最大,流域宽度达10 km,切口深度为- 201.4 m,底部坡度为0.9 ~ 5.0 m/km。里海古水体水位的波动是影响古河谷位置及其形态的最重要因素。研究认为,古河谷的发育始于中新世,结束于早第四纪。沉积类型以冲积-湖相沉积为主。研究结果对俄罗斯平原东南部新生代古地理的研究具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of GNSS Data for Earthquake Precursor Studies Using IONOLAB-TEC in the Himalayan Region 用于喜马拉雅地区地震前兆研究的IONOLAB-TEC GNSS数据分析
IF 2.3 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-04-19 DOI: 10.3390/quat6020027
S. Joshi, S. Kannaujiya, Utkarsh Joshi
Earthquake precursors are the indicators that appear before an earthquake. The release of radon gas, ionospheric disturbances, anomalous animal behavior, and so on are examples of seismic and aseismic events. Ionospheric perturbations can be proved to be a reliable method in earthquake prediction. The GNSS data detect changes in the ionosphere through the time lag of the transmitted GPS signals recorded at the Earth-based receivers. A negative TEC anomaly is caused by the stress released from the rocks before the earthquake, which elevates positive ions or p-holes in the atmosphere and decreases the ions in the ionosphere. A positive TEC anomaly follows this because of the increase in ions in the ionosphere. The ionospheric disruption in the Himalayan region is examined before five random earthquakes. For this, data from 15 separate GNSS stations are investigated using IONOLAB-TEC. A promising total electron content (TEC) data estimate with a temporal resolution of 30 s was analyzed. The results of the TEC data analysis depict the anomaly a month before the five earthquakes, followed by the later perturbation in the earthquake preparation zone. TEC anomalies are enhanced more by the uniform spatial distribution of GNSS stations in the epicentral region than by randomly distributed stations. The results of IONOLAB-TEC and the widely used GPS-TEC software were compared. Owing to its temporal resolution, IONOLAB-TEC has edge over the GPS-TEC software in that it can identify even the slightest negative anomalies before an earthquake.
地震前兆是在地震发生前出现的指标。氡气的释放、电离层的扰动、动物的反常行为等等都是地震和地震事件的例子。电离层摄动是一种可靠的地震预报方法。全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)数据通过地球接收器记录的发射GPS信号的时间滞后来探测电离层的变化。负的TEC异常是由地震前岩石释放的应力引起的,它使大气中的正离子或p空穴升高,电离层中的离子减少。由于电离层中离子的增加,随之而来的是一个正的TEC异常。在五次随机地震之前,对喜马拉雅地区的电离层破坏进行了检查。为此,使用IONOLAB-TEC对来自15个独立GNSS站的数据进行了调查。分析了一种时间分辨率为30 s的有前途的总电子含量(TEC)数据估计。TEC数据分析的结果描述了五次地震前一个月的异常,随后是地震准备带的扰动。GNSS台站在震中区域的均匀空间分布比随机分布的台站更能增强TEC异常。比较了IONOLAB-TEC与GPS-TEC软件的检测结果。由于其时间分辨率,IONOLAB-TEC比GPS-TEC软件更有优势,因为它可以在地震前识别出最轻微的负异常。
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引用次数: 2
A Framework for Crop Yield Estimation and Change Detection Using Image Fusion of Microwave and Optical Satellite Dataset 基于微波与光学卫星数据集图像融合的作物产量估算与变化检测框架
IF 2.3 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-04-19 DOI: 10.3390/quat6020028
Ravneet Kaur, R. K. Tiwari, R. Maini, Sartajvir Singh
Crop yield prediction is one of the crucial components of agriculture that plays an important role in the decision-making process for sustainable agriculture. Remote sensing provides the most efficient and cost-effective solution for the measurement of important agricultural parameters such as soil moisture level, but retrieval of the soil moisture contents from coarse resolution datasets, especially microwave datasets, remains a challenging task. In the present work, a machine learning-based framework is proposed to generate the enhanced resolution soil moisture products, i.e., classified maps and change maps, using an optical-based moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) and microwave-based scatterometer satellite (SCATSAT-1) datasets. In the proposed framework, nearest-neighbor-based image fusion (NNIF), artificial neural networks (ANN), and post-classification-based change detection (PCCD) have been integrated to generate thematic and change maps. To confirm the effectiveness of the proposed framework, random forest post-classification-based change detection (RFPCD) has also been implemented, and it is concluded that the proposed framework achieved better results (88.67–91.80%) as compared to the RFPCD (86.80–87.80%) in the computation of change maps with σ°-HH. This study is important in terms of crop yield prediction analysis via the delivery of enhanced-resolution soil moisture products under all weather conditions.
作物产量预测是农业的重要组成部分之一,在农业可持续发展的决策过程中起着重要作用。遥感为土壤湿度等重要农业参数的测量提供了最有效和最经济的解决方案,但从粗分辨率数据集,特别是微波数据集中检索土壤水分含量仍然是一项具有挑战性的任务。本文提出了一种基于机器学习的框架,利用基于光学的中分辨率成像光谱辐射计(MODIS)和基于微波的散射计卫星(SCATSAT-1)数据集生成高分辨率土壤水分产品,即分类图和变化图。在该框架中,结合了基于最近邻的图像融合(NNIF)、人工神经网络(ANN)和基于后分类的变化检测(PCCD)来生成主题和变化图。为了验证该框架的有效性,本文还实施了基于随机森林后分类的变化检测(RFPCD),结果表明,在σ°-HH的变化图计算中,该框架的结果(88.67 ~ 91.80%)优于随机森林后分类的变化图计算结果(86.80 ~ 87.80%)。该研究对于通过在所有天气条件下提供高分辨率土壤水分产品进行作物产量预测分析具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 2
Introduction: Seas, Lakes, and Rivers in the Adriatic, Alpine, Dinaric, and Pannonian Regions during the Quaternary 简介:第四纪亚得里亚海、阿尔卑斯山、迪纳里克和潘诺尼亚地区的海洋、湖泊和河流
IF 2.3 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-04-07 DOI: 10.3390/quat6020026
Petra Jamšek Rupnik, Ana Novak, A. Šmuc
Like other regions located in tectonically active areas, the Adriatic, Alpine, Dinaric, and Pannonian regions have undergone numerous changes during the Quaternary [...]
像其他位于构造活跃区的地区一样,亚得里亚海、阿尔卑斯、第纳里亚和潘诺尼亚地区在第四纪经历了许多变化。
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引用次数: 0
Assessing Systematic Blade Production in the Indian Subcontinent with Special Reference to Eastern Gujarat 印度次大陆叶片生产系统评估,特别以古吉拉特邦东部为例
IF 2.3 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-04-03 DOI: 10.3390/quat6020025
Gopesh Jha, Vidhi Kothari, Varun Vyas, P. Ajithprasad
Blades as a component of lithic assemblages hold significant importance to understanding the more recent part of human evolution, particularly with regard to the emergence and adaptations of Homo sapiens. The systematic production of elongated stone blanks provides several advantages, including a longer cutting edge and high efficiency in raw material utility. However, the reasons behind the development of these technological forms and the chronological patterns of systematic blade production remain poorly understood in many regions, despite a clear overall intensification in the Late Pleistocene. The South Asian Paleolithic archive is full of blade-bearing assemblages, most of which are defined as Upper Paleolithic or Late Paleolithic. However, many of these previously assumed ‘Upper Paleolithic’ tool components prominently appear in Middle Paleolithic contexts. Here, we discuss some of the most recent case studies of blade-bearing assemblages from Eastern Gujarat that show an in situ emergence of blade technology from advanced Middle Paleolithic technology, suggesting localized origins of blade technology.
刀片作为石器时代组合的一个组成部分,对理解人类进化的最新部分,特别是智人的出现和适应具有重要意义。细长石材坯料的系统化生产提供了几个优点,包括较长的切割刃和原料利用效率高。然而,尽管在更新世晚期出现了明显的整体强化,但许多地区对这些技术形式发展背后的原因和系统叶片生产的时间模式仍知之甚少。南亚旧石器时代档案中充满了叶片组合,其中大多数被定义为旧石器时代晚期或旧石器时代后期。然而,许多先前假设的“旧石器时代晚期”工具组件在旧石器时代中期的背景下显著出现。在这里,我们讨论了古吉拉特邦东部叶片轴承组合的一些最新案例研究,这些案例研究表明,叶片技术是从旧石器时代中期的先进技术中原位出现的,这表明了叶片技术的本地化起源。
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引用次数: 0
The Fish Tanks of the Mediterranean Sea 地中海的鱼缸
IF 2.3 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-04-03 DOI: 10.3390/quat6020024
Paris Oikonomou, A. Karkani, N. Evelpidou, Isidoros Kampolis, G. Spada
Roman fish tanks are found in various coastal regions of the Mediterranean, although the vast majority is found on the Tyrrhenian coast of Italy. In this work, a database was developed with information on 62 fish tanks along the Mediterranean coasts to document and compare their features and characteristics. The analysis of the developed database from the Mediterranean fish tanks has shown that, among the 62 fish tanks, ~56% were cut into the rock, indicating that this type of construction was the most popular at that time and probably had advantages over the others. Fish tanks as sea level indicators can provide accurate data on the sea level 2000 years ago. Well-preserved installations with prominent architectural features have a crucial role in determining the paleo sea level. The architectural elements that are mostly used in fish tanks for paleo sea level reconstructions are the crepido, cataractae and channels. Besides the scientific importance of the fish tanks as sea level markers, they also have great cultural and historical significance. Fish tanks can be promoted as heritage monuments and scholarly models to strengthen awareness about climate change, sea level rise and its consequences.
罗马的鱼缸分布在地中海的各个沿海地区,尽管绝大多数都在意大利的第勒尼安海岸。在这项工作中,开发了一个数据库,其中包含地中海沿岸62个鱼缸的信息,以记录和比较它们的特征和特性。对地中海鱼缸开发的数据库的分析表明,在62个鱼缸中,约56%的鱼缸被切割到岩石中,这表明这种类型的建筑在当时最受欢迎,可能比其他建筑更具优势。作为海平面指示器的鱼缸可以提供2000年前海平面的准确数据。保存完好、建筑特色突出的装置在确定古海平面方面发挥着至关重要的作用。用于古海平面重建的鱼缸中主要使用的建筑元素是褶皱、白内障和通道。鱼缸作为海平面标志,除了具有科学意义外,还具有重要的文化和历史意义。鱼缸可以被宣传为遗产纪念碑和学术模型,以提高人们对气候变化、海平面上升及其后果的认识。
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引用次数: 1
Local Differentiation in the Loess Deposition as a Function of Dust Source: Key Study Novo Orahovo Loess Paleosol Sequence (Vojvodina, Serbia) 黄土沉积的局部差异与尘源的关系:Novo Orahovo黄土古土壤序列的关键研究(塞尔维亚伏伊伏丁那)
IF 2.3 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-03-16 DOI: 10.3390/quat6010023
S. Marković, J. Vandenberghe, Zoran M. Perić, Dávid Filyó, Tamás Bartyik, M. Radaković, Q. Hao, Rastko S. Marković, T. Lukić, N. Tomić, M. Gavrilov, Aleksandar Antić, I. Cvijanovic, G. Sipos
Typical patterns of the Late Pleistocene loess–paleosol units are preserved in the Novo Orahovo brickyard, Northern Serbia. Presented preliminary luminescence chronology supports the chronostratigraphic interpretations of global isotopic marine climate reconstructions. Magnetic susceptibility and sedimentological evidence exhibit general similarities with the marine oxygen-isotope stratigraphy. These records provide new insights into the dust accumulation regimes over the eastern side of the Bačka loess plateau and offer new paleoenvironmental information for the region. They represent an important step forward towards the establishment of a catena from the thin loess-like sediments of the Banat foothills in the east towards the thicker and seemingly more complete loess sections of the southeastern and central Carpathian Basin. Grain-size data from the loess record of Nova Orahovo explain the regional differentiation in dust deposition.
塞尔维亚北部的Novo Orahovo砖厂保存着晚更新世黄土-古土壤单元的典型模式。所提出的初步发光年表支持了全球同位素海洋气候重建的年代地层解释。磁化率和沉积学证据和海洋氧同位素地层学显示出普遍的相似性。这些记录为巴奇卡黄土高原东侧的灰尘堆积机制提供了新的见解,并为该地区提供了新新的古环境信息。它们代表着从东部巴纳特山麓的薄黄土状沉积物向喀尔巴阡盆地东南部和中部更厚、似乎更完整的黄土段建立连环的重要一步。来自Nova Orahovo黄土记录的粒度数据解释了灰尘沉积的区域差异。
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引用次数: 0
Enigmatic Surface Ruptures at Cape Rytyi and Surroundings, Baikal Rift, Siberia: Seismic Hazard Implication 西伯利亚贝加尔湖裂谷Rytyi角及其周围地区神秘的地表破裂:地震危险暗示
IF 2.3 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-03-16 DOI: 10.3390/quat6010022
Oksana V. Lunina, I. Denisenko, A. Gladkov, Carlos Braga
The geomorphic expression of active faulting and distinction of paleoseismic events in areas that are rapidly obscured by erosion/sedimentation still remains a considerable scientific problem. The present article discusses the revealing of surface faulting ruptures and their parameters to identify capable faults without trenching and to estimate the magnitude of earthquakes. The case study was at Cape Rytyi, located in Baikal-Lena Nature Reserve on the northwestern shore of Lake Baikal. Based on unmanned aerial photography, GPR, and structural observations, we mapped and investigated the relation between geomorphological forms and ruptures. The obtained results show that past landslides and paleoruptures at Cape Rytyi and its surroundings are associated with at least two earthquakes. The Mw of the earlier event was 7.3 (Ms = 7.4); the Mw of the later one was 7.1 (Ms = 7.3). The paleoruptures in the distal part of the delta of the Rita River and on the southeastern slope of the Baikal Ridge were included in the seismogenic rupture zone, which traces some 37 km along the Kocherikovsky fault. The approximate intervals in which earthquakes occurred are 12–5 ka and 4–0.3 ka, respectively. The applied analysis methods can be useful for paleoseismology and assessing seismic hazards in similar regions elsewhere.
在被侵蚀/沉积迅速掩盖的地区,活动断层的地貌表现和古地震事件的区别仍然是一个相当大的科学问题。本文讨论了地表断裂破裂的揭示及其参数,以在不挖沟的情况下识别有能力的断层并估计地震震级。案例研究发生在贝加尔湖西北海岸贝加尔勒纳自然保护区的雷蒂角。基于无人航空摄影、地质雷达和结构观测,我们绘制并研究了地貌形式与断裂之间的关系。研究结果表明,雷蒂角及其周围地区过去的山体滑坡和古断裂至少与两次地震有关。早期事件的Mw为7.3(Ms=7.4);后一次的Mw为7.1(Ms=7.3)。丽塔河三角洲远端和贝加尔岭东南坡的古断裂被包括在发震断裂带中,该断裂带沿Kocherikovsky断层延伸约37km。地震发生的大致间隔分别为12–5 ka和4–0.3 ka。所应用的分析方法可用于古地震学和评估其他类似地区的地震灾害。
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引用次数: 1
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Quaternary
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