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Birth of a Movement: Narratives of Israeli Haredi Feminist Political Emergence in Israel 一场运动的诞生:以色列正统派女权主义政治崛起的叙事
IF 0.2 Q2 AREA STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.2979/israelstudies.28.1.05
Tanya Zion-Waldoks
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引用次数: 1
Unrealized Potential: Druze Women in Israel vs. Lebanese-Druze Women 未实现的潜力:以色列德鲁兹妇女vs.黎巴嫩德鲁兹妇女
IF 0.2 Q2 AREA STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.2979/israelstudies.28.1.06
Y. Hazran
ABSTRACT:Like the rest of Arab society, the Druze community in Israel has undergone significant changes since the establishment of the State. One of the most prominent of these is the substantial rise in the number of educated women. Yet despite modernization and their high levels of education and entrance into the job market, Druze women have struggled to play a leading role in politics. This situation contrasts sharply with that of their counterparts in Lebanon, who have consistently gained pre-eminence within the community's political and public leadership. This article suggests that while Druze religious doctrine encourages "female empowerment," Druze women in Israel, have never been able to fulfil their potential in practical terms of political involvement. The tradition of rulership among Druze elite families in Lebanon and the separation between religious and political authority account for the high level of political involvement among Druze women in Lebanon vs. their limited participation in Israel.
摘要:与其他阿拉伯社会一样,以色列德鲁兹社区自建国以来也发生了重大变化。其中最突出的是受过教育的妇女人数的大幅增加。然而,尽管实现了现代化,她们的教育水平很高,进入了就业市场,但德鲁兹女性一直难以在政治中发挥主导作用。这种情况与他们在黎巴嫩的同行形成鲜明对比,他们一直在社区的政治和公共领导中获得突出地位。这篇文章表明,虽然德鲁兹宗教教义鼓励“赋予女性权力”,但以色列的德鲁兹妇女从来没有能够在实际的政治参与方面发挥她们的潜力。黎巴嫩德鲁兹精英家族的统治传统以及宗教和政治权力的分离是黎巴嫩德鲁兹妇女高度参与政治的原因,而她们在以色列的参与有限。
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引用次数: 1
Israeli Solo Mothers: Renovation by Conformity 以色列单身母亲:从众革新
IF 0.2 Q2 AREA STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.2979/israelstudies.28.1.08
Zohar Lechtman
ABSTRACT:Families of single mothers by choice are the fastest growing "new family" type in Israel today. Solo mothers, or single mothers by choice as they are called, bring their children into the world without a partner from the start, even before conception. The number of Israeli solo mothers has doubled over the past decade. They are mostly Jewish and from various socioeconomic levels. Despite their growing numbers and visibility in Israel, they have attracted little academic attention. The article is based on thirty-six semi-structured interviews and a follow-up in social media. As a solo mother myself, and a sociologist, I analyze some of the findings and my own experiences. I shall explore in this article the sociological aspects of solo motherhood as a conformist challenge to Israeli gender ideology. Solo mothers comply with almost everything Israeli society expects of women, but on their own terms. They use existing repertoires and adjust them to their needs. Solo motherhood enables single women to conform to the Israeli norms of femininity: procreation and motherhood. In the process, they develop shared practices and language and a family narrative that provides another model of family, as they are often required to explain their status simply because most systems are organized around two parent families. Thus, they may find themselves accounting for their choices, primarily to themselves, but also to their environment. In the process, they revise gendered conventions.
摘要:选择单身母亲的家庭是当今以色列发展最快的“新家庭”类型。单身母亲,或者被称为单身母亲,从一开始就把孩子带到没有伴侣的世界上,甚至在怀孕之前。以色列单身母亲的数量在过去十年中翻了一番。他们大多是犹太人,来自不同的社会经济阶层。尽管它们在以色列的数量和知名度不断增加,但很少引起学术界的关注。这篇文章基于36次半结构化采访和社交媒体上的后续报道。作为一名单身母亲和社会学家,我分析了一些发现和我自己的经历。我将在这篇文章中探讨单身母亲作为对以色列性别意识形态的墨守成规挑战的社会学方面。单身母亲几乎满足了以色列社会对女性的所有期望,但也符合她们自己的条件。他们使用现有的剧目,并根据自己的需要进行调整。单身母亲使单身妇女能够遵守以色列的女性气质规范:生育和做母亲。在这个过程中,他们发展了共同的实践和语言,以及提供另一种家庭模式的家庭叙事,因为他们经常被要求解释自己的地位,因为大多数系统都是围绕双亲家庭组织的。因此,他们可能会发现自己对自己的选择负责,主要是对自己,也对环境负责。在此过程中,他们修订了性别公约。
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引用次数: 0
Composition in the Aftermath of Hebrew Culture: The Musics of Betty Olivero and Chaya Czernowin 希伯来文化余波中的作曲:贝蒂·奥利韦罗和查亚·切尔诺温的音乐
IF 0.2 Q2 AREA STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.2979/israelstudies.28.1.12
Assaf Shelleg
ABSTRACT:Ideally this article should be titled "decomposing Hebrewism," except that by the turn of the twenty-first century composers in Israel were past the point of opposing the tropes that constituted Hebrew culture and the territorial paradigms that had conditioned it. Still, the two composers under discussion here—Betty Olivero and Chaya Czernowin—do not offer more-of-the-same stand-ins in the monolithic form of representations or identities (gender identities included); nor are there common stylistic traits that could reason their joint appearance here (and their gender, needless to say, would be a poor excuse). In fact, it is despite their unequivocally different aesthetic penchants that we can point to artistic perceptions which mute national territorial tropes, disable the Zionist management of Jewish history, and opt for non-redemptive poetics—all while drawing on Jewish musical traditions or modern Hebrew literature. Looking at (and listening to) Olivero and Czernowin's works, this article discusses the modern and postmodern patrimonies that steer their writing while situating both in the aftermath of Hebrew Culture. Knowingly circumventing the playing of identity cards or the displaying of peripheral masks, Olivero and Czernowin's musics signal a constituent shift toward simultaneities, multiplicities, defacing of musical signifiers, and the unmarked semiotics of cultural spaces that are bluntly incongruent with the national.
摘要:理想情况下,这篇文章的标题应该是“分解希伯来文主义”,但到了21世纪之交,以色列的作曲家们已经过了反对构成希伯来文文化的比喻和制约希伯来文的地域范式的地步,这里讨论的两位作曲家——贝蒂·奥利韦罗和查亚·切尔诺温——并没有以单一的表现形式或身份(包括性别身份)提供更多相同的替身;也没有共同的风格特征可以成为他们共同出现在这里的原因(不用说,他们的性别将是一个糟糕的借口)。事实上,尽管他们有着明确不同的美学爱好,但我们可以指出,在借鉴犹太音乐传统或现代希伯来文学的同时,艺术观念会压制国家领土的比喻,削弱犹太复国主义对犹太历史的管理,并选择非救赎诗学。通过观察(并聆听)奥利韦罗和车尔诺温的作品,本文讨论了在希伯来文化的影响下指导他们写作的现代和后现代遗产。Olivero和Czernowin的音乐巧妙地避开了身份证的播放或外围面具的展示,标志着一种成分的转变,即向同时性、多样性、音乐能指的污损,以及与国家不一致的文化空间的无标记符号学。
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引用次数: 0
From a Distance: Orna Ben-Dor's Holocaust Quintet 从远处看:奥尔娜·本·多尔的大屠杀五重奏
IF 0.2 Q2 AREA STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.2979/israelstudies.28.1.13
Liat Steir-Livny
ABSTRACT:Orna Ben-Dor (1954- ) is one Israel's most prominent filmmakers and television directors. By the 2000s Ben-Dor had directed four films with Holocaust survivors as her main protagonists. The article analyzes the central themes in Ben-Dor's Holocaust-related films and explains how the director maintains a perspective of distance. Because she so often relates in film interviews to her parents' Holocaust and her sensitivity as a second-generation Holocaust survivor, one might have expected her to engage with the topic in her autobiographical documentary, released in 2009. However, as this article will show, Ben-Dor downplays the Holocaust in this film and turns the camera inward to focus on gender rather than on the hallmark themes of her previous films: PTSD of Holocaust survivors, the transgenerational transfer of trauma to the second generation and the absorption of Holocaust survivors in Israel. As a director who has played such an important part in Israel's Holocaust commemoration, Ben-Dor remains strangely reticent about her own personal Holocaust-related story.
摘要:奥娜·本铎(1954-)是以色列最杰出的电影和电视导演之一。到2000年代,本-多已经执导了四部以大屠杀幸存者为主角的电影。本文分析了本铎大屠杀相关电影的中心主题,并解释了导演如何保持距离的视角。由于她经常在电影采访中谈到她父母的大屠杀,以及她作为第二代大屠杀幸存者的敏感性,人们可能会期望她在2009年发布的自传式纪录片中涉及这个话题。然而,正如本文将展示的那样,本-多尔在这部电影中淡化了大屠杀,并将镜头转向性别,而不是她之前电影的标志性主题:大屠杀幸存者的创伤后应激障碍,创伤向第二代的跨代转移以及以色列大屠杀幸存者的吸收。作为一名在以色列大屠杀纪念活动中扮演重要角色的导演,本铎奇怪地对自己与大屠杀有关的个人故事保持沉默。
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引用次数: 0
Women Design Synagogues: Gender Insights into the History of Modern Israeli Synagogue Architecture 女性设计犹太会堂:对以色列现代犹太会堂建筑史的性别洞察
IF 0.2 Q2 AREA STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.2979/israelstudies.28.1.09
S. Davidi
ABSTRACT:Women have been active as architects in Israel since 1921, designing projects of varied types and scales, including synagogues. The first woman to design a modern synagogue in the country was Judith Segall Stolzer, who in 1935, won a prestigious competition for Hadera's central synagogue. A few decades later Genia Averbuch designed three synagogues in a remarkably innovative modern style. These female architects were noteworthy partners in the endeavor to develop a local style in the design of synagogues. This article engages with four synagogues designed by two of the country's first female architects and explores their symbolic style against the built environment of the day. It examines the architectural planning process—references, concepts, and ideas—as well as the unusual commissioning of women as architects for these projects, with an emphasis on their contribution to Israeli culture, the development of a local style in modern architecture, and synagogue design.
摘要:自1921年以来,以色列的女性建筑师就开始活跃起来,她们设计了各种类型和规模的项目,其中就包括犹太教堂。第一位在该国设计现代犹太教堂的女性是Judith Segall Stolzer,她在1935年赢得了Hadera中心犹太教堂的著名比赛。几十年后,Genia Averbuch以一种非常创新的现代风格设计了三座犹太教堂。这些女性建筑师是值得注意的合作伙伴,在努力发展当地风格的犹太教堂的设计。这篇文章涉及了由该国两位第一位女性建筑师设计的四座犹太教堂,并探讨了它们与当时建筑环境的象征性风格。它考察了建筑规划过程——参考、概念和想法——以及这些项目中女性建筑师的不同寻常的委托,重点是她们对以色列文化的贡献,现代建筑中当地风格的发展,以及犹太教堂的设计。
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引用次数: 0
Introduction 介绍
IF 0.2 Q2 AREA STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.2979/israelstudies.28.1.01
Rachel Rojanski, B. Stern, C. Misgav, Orna Sasson-Levy, Nir Atmor, C. Friedberg, O. Kenig, Elazar Ben-Lulu, Tanya Zion-Waldoks, Y. Hazran, Livnat Konopny Decleve, Zohar Lechtman, S. Davidi, Yael Guilat, S. R. Shtang, Assaf Shelleg, Liat Steir-Livny, Nava Dushi
ABSTRACT:This review of gender research in 21st century Israel offers a twofold argument. The first is that Israeli gender literature follows parallel tracks: identity studies that serve as a platform for marginalized groups, and policy studies which examine the impact of economic, political, and legal policies on the status of women. Although the two approaches follow very different tracks, they are closely related and linked by feminist activism. This distinction is the organizing axis of our article. The second argument is that current gender literature in Israel is shaped mainly by neoliberalism and neocolonialism as opposed to a literature that traditionally focused on the nation state as the dominant power constituting gender relations. Neoliberal governance is not limited to economics or politics. It extends rather to newly gendered subjects, shapes citizenship patterns, and reorganizes society. Neocolonialism and the militarism it maintains attain a constitutive status in local experience, with a key role in identity politics, the gendering of political action and most importantly, the perpetration of gender inequalities. Our study indicates that gender research in Israel is shaped around neoliberalism and neocolonialism, both of which generate identification and resistance. Thus, despite the common tendency of gender scholars to oppose both neoliberalism and neocolonialism, a social division into multiple gender identity groups, as well as Israel's gender policies, may inadvertently serve the interests of both neoliberal and neocolonial regimes.
摘要:这篇关于21世纪以色列性别研究的综述提供了双重论证。首先,以色列的性别文献遵循平行的轨道:作为边缘化群体平台的身份研究,以及研究经济、政治和法律政策对妇女地位影响的政策研究。尽管这两种方法走的是截然不同的道路,但它们密切相关,并因女权主义激进主义而联系在一起。这种区别是我们文章的组织轴。第二种观点是,以色列当前的性别文学主要是由新自由主义和新殖民主义塑造的,而不是传统上关注民族国家作为构成性别关系的主导力量的文学。新自由主义治理并不局限于经济或政治。它延伸到了新的性别主体,塑造了公民模式,并重组了社会。新殖民主义及其所维护的军国主义在当地经验中具有构成性地位,在身份政治、政治行动的性别化以及最重要的性别不平等行为中发挥着关键作用。我们的研究表明,以色列的性别研究是围绕新自由主义和新殖民主义形成的,这两种观点都会产生认同和抵制。因此,尽管性别学者普遍倾向于反对新自由主义和新殖民主义,但将社会划分为多个性别认同群体,以及以色列的性别政策,可能会无意中为新自由主义政权和新殖民政权的利益服务。
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引用次数: 0
Gender Research Between Identity and Policy: The Case of Israeli Social Sciences in the 21st Century 身份与政策之间的性别研究:21世纪以色列社会科学的案例
IF 0.2 Q2 AREA STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.2979/israelstudies.28.1.02
C. Misgav, Orna Sasson-Levy
ABSTRACT:This review of gender research in 21st century Israel offers a twofold argument. The first is that Israeli gender literature follows parallel tracks: identity studies that serve as a platform for marginalized groups, and policy studies which examine the impact of economic, political, and legal policies on the status of women. Although the two approaches follow very different tracks, they are closely related and linked by feminist activism. This distinction is the organizing axis of our article. The second argument is that current gender literature in Israel is shaped mainly by neoliberalism and neocolonialism as opposed to a literature that traditionally focused on the nation state as the dominant power constituting gender relations. Neoliberal governance is not limited to economics or politics. It extends rather to newly gendered subjects, shapes citizenship patterns, and reorganizes society. Neocolonialism and the militarism it maintains attain a constitutive status in local experience, with a key role in identity politics, the gendering of political action and most importantly, the perpetration of gender inequalities. Our study indicates that gender research in Israel is shaped around neoliberalism and neocolonialism, both of which generate identification and resistance. Thus, despite the common tendency of gender scholars to oppose both neoliberalism and neocolonialism, a social division into multiple gender identity groups, as well as Israel's gender policies, may inadvertently serve the interests of both neoliberal and neocolonial regimes.
摘要:这篇关于21世纪以色列性别研究的综述提供了双重论证。首先,以色列的性别文献遵循平行的轨道:作为边缘化群体平台的身份研究,以及研究经济、政治和法律政策对妇女地位影响的政策研究。尽管这两种方法走的是截然不同的道路,但它们密切相关,并因女权主义激进主义而联系在一起。这种区别是我们文章的组织轴。第二种观点是,以色列当前的性别文学主要是由新自由主义和新殖民主义塑造的,而不是传统上关注民族国家作为构成性别关系的主导力量的文学。新自由主义治理并不局限于经济或政治。它延伸到了新的性别主体,塑造了公民模式,并重组了社会。新殖民主义及其所维护的军国主义在当地经验中具有构成性地位,在身份政治、政治行动的性别化以及最重要的性别不平等行为中发挥着关键作用。我们的研究表明,以色列的性别研究是围绕新自由主义和新殖民主义形成的,这两种观点都会产生认同和抵制。因此,尽管性别学者普遍倾向于反对新自由主义和新殖民主义,但将社会划分为多个性别认同群体,以及以色列的性别政策,可能会无意中为新自由主义政权和新殖民政权的利益服务。
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引用次数: 0
"The Wise One, What Does She Say?": Gendering and Queering Passover Symbols and Customs in the Reform Jewish Seder “智者,她说什么?”:改良犹太轿车中的逾越节象征和习俗
IF 0.2 Q2 AREA STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.2979/israelstudies.28.1.04
Elazar Ben-Lulu
ABSTRACT:The ritual feast known as the Seder on the eve of Passover is one of the most family-oriented Jewish holidays observed in Israel. Rich in symbolism and narrative, it invites a wide variety of discussions, study, and intergenerational mentoring and supervision. In this article I demonstrate how the Seder can serve as a representational performance that includes gender and sexual identities normally omitted from Jewish liturgy and society at large. A Reform community workshop in preparation for the Seder Night, exposes congregants to alternative versions of the traditional Haggadah text and introduces new ritual gestures that allow for the "presencing" of gay and heterosexual life-stories. Old patterns and family traditions are undermined; special additions are added to the Passover plate and the Haggadah itself. Thus, the narrative of national redemption is reconstructed as gender redemption, marking the Israeli Reform Jewish community as an egalitarian agency of contemporary conflict for gender equality.
摘要:逾越节前夕的逾越节家宴(Seder)是以色列最注重家庭的犹太节日之一。丰富的象征和叙事,它邀请各种各样的讨论,研究,代际指导和监督。在这篇文章中,我展示了逾越节家宴如何作为一种代表性的表演,包括性别和性别身份,这些身份通常被犹太礼拜仪式和整个社会所忽略。为准备逾越节晚餐之夜,一个改革社区研讨会向会众展示了传统哈加达文本的不同版本,并介绍了新的仪式手势,允许同性恋和异性恋的生活故事“出现”。旧的模式和家庭传统被破坏;在逾越节的餐盘和哈加达中添加特殊的东西。因此,民族救赎的叙事被重构为性别救赎,标志着以色列改革犹太社区成为当代性别平等冲突的平等主义机构。
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引用次数: 0
“Every Now and Then, a Floor Rag Flies at Me": The Politics of Cleanliness in the Art of Mizrahi Women “时不时地,一块地板抹布向我飞来”:米兹拉希妇女艺术中的清洁政治
IF 0.2 Q2 AREA STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.2979/israelstudies.28.1.11
Sivan Rajuan Shtang
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引用次数: 1
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Israel Studies
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