Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.2979/israelstudies.28.1.03
Nir Atmor, C. Friedberg, O. Kenig
ABSTRACT:In the course of three decades, the number of women elected to the Knesset nearly tripled from 7 in 1988, to 30 in 2021. The article analyzes changes in candidate selection methods and their effect on gender representation. Using a new dataset and a quantitative approach, we focus here on the 30 parties which competed in 12 general elections in Israel between 1992 and 2021 and the dependent variable that explains the proportion of female MKs elected from each party. Our analysis of methods in candidate selection while controlling for independent variables indicates that they have little effect on female representation. Other factors such as ideology and party affiliation are more relevant to the changes in the number of female MKs.
{"title":"Candidate Selection Methods and the Representation of Women in the Knesset, 1992–2021","authors":"Nir Atmor, C. Friedberg, O. Kenig","doi":"10.2979/israelstudies.28.1.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/israelstudies.28.1.03","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:In the course of three decades, the number of women elected to the Knesset nearly tripled from 7 in 1988, to 30 in 2021. The article analyzes changes in candidate selection methods and their effect on gender representation. Using a new dataset and a quantitative approach, we focus here on the 30 parties which competed in 12 general elections in Israel between 1992 and 2021 and the dependent variable that explains the proportion of female MKs elected from each party. Our analysis of methods in candidate selection while controlling for independent variables indicates that they have little effect on female representation. Other factors such as ideology and party affiliation are more relevant to the changes in the number of female MKs.","PeriodicalId":54159,"journal":{"name":"Israel Studies","volume":"28 1","pages":"31 - 48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46667739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-01DOI: 10.2979/israelstudies.27.3.09
D. Miccoli
{"title":"The Long History of the Mizrahim: New Directions in the Study of Jews from Muslim Countries – In Tribute to Yaron Tsur; Merav Alush Levron, Under Eastern Eyes: Identity and Self Representation in Israeli Documentary Cinema","authors":"D. Miccoli","doi":"10.2979/israelstudies.27.3.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/israelstudies.27.3.09","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54159,"journal":{"name":"Israel Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44655506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-01DOI: 10.2979/israelstudies.27.3.06
Shai Wineapple
{"title":"The History of Messianic Judaism in the State of Israel 1948–2008","authors":"Shai Wineapple","doi":"10.2979/israelstudies.27.3.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/israelstudies.27.3.06","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54159,"journal":{"name":"Israel Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41999678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-26DOI: 10.2979/israelstudies.27.3.04
Adi Sherzer
ABSTRACT:The place of Israel’s Palestinian citizens in its republican-mamlakhti culture is a constant source of ambivalence and indecisiveness for Israeli agents of memory. The issue was initially raised with regard to the first Independence Day, when the different institutions were unsure how Palestinian citizens should mark it, if at all. During the 1950s, this question concerned 150,000–200,000 Palestinian citizens (11%–18% of the total population), but it also had implications for the national narrative and the public sphere. The article argues that despite the obvious power relations between Jews and Palestinians, during the first five Independence Days the authorities often used terminology and techniques of accommodation commonly associated with consociationalism. In the belief that the holiday celebrations should not be enforced (at least not directly), they avoided addressing the source of tension (the place of non-Jews in a Jewish public culture), and generally accepted decisions that were locally based, temporary and improvised.
{"title":"The Place of Israel’s Palestinian Citizens in Mamlakhti Culture: The First Independence Days and the Notion of Accommodation","authors":"Adi Sherzer","doi":"10.2979/israelstudies.27.3.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/israelstudies.27.3.04","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:The place of Israel’s Palestinian citizens in its republican-mamlakhti culture is a constant source of ambivalence and indecisiveness for Israeli agents of memory. The issue was initially raised with regard to the first Independence Day, when the different institutions were unsure how Palestinian citizens should mark it, if at all. During the 1950s, this question concerned 150,000–200,000 Palestinian citizens (11%–18% of the total population), but it also had implications for the national narrative and the public sphere. The article argues that despite the obvious power relations between Jews and Palestinians, during the first five Independence Days the authorities often used terminology and techniques of accommodation commonly associated with consociationalism. In the belief that the holiday celebrations should not be enforced (at least not directly), they avoided addressing the source of tension (the place of non-Jews in a Jewish public culture), and generally accepted decisions that were locally based, temporary and improvised.","PeriodicalId":54159,"journal":{"name":"Israel Studies","volume":"27 1","pages":"69 - 93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48262507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-26DOI: 10.2979/israelstudies.27.3.03
Ayelet Gil-Ronen
ABSTRACT:Lea Goldberg played a pivotal role in the children literature arena during the Yishuv period. Beginning in 1936, only a year after her immigration to Mandatory Palestine, Goldberg served as associate-editor for Davar Leyeladim, the leading Hebrew children’s weekly, published by the official newspaper of the Histadrut (the General Federation of Labor). Additionally, over 500 hundred of her works for children, including poems, stories, translations, essays, literary criticism for young readers, and even comic strips were published in the magazine. It was a tumultuous era. The Arab Revolt (1936–1939), the outbreak of WWII and the publication of the MacDonald White Paper of 1939 all exerted a direct impact on the Jewish communities in Palestine and abroad. These political and national crises of the day also greatly affected the educational and literary fields. Though most pieces in Davar Leyeladim touched on current events, Goldberg declared her unflagging commitment to aesthetic and humanistic universal values even in those anguished times. The poets’ role, she claimed, is to remind their readers what is important and beautiful in the world. Her writings for children epitomized this approach at first, but gradually changed as the war in Europe intensified. The article explores Goldberg’s unique treatment of current events in her writings for children, and her efforts to reconcile Labor Zionist ideals and aspirations with her own aesthetic convictions. The conflicts and contradictions between local and universal ideals engendered some of her most fascinating works for children that have not as yet assumed center stage in scholarly research.
{"title":"Between the Universal and the Local: Representations of Current Events in Lea Goldberg’s Writings for Children During the British Mandate","authors":"Ayelet Gil-Ronen","doi":"10.2979/israelstudies.27.3.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/israelstudies.27.3.03","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:Lea Goldberg played a pivotal role in the children literature arena during the Yishuv period. Beginning in 1936, only a year after her immigration to Mandatory Palestine, Goldberg served as associate-editor for Davar Leyeladim, the leading Hebrew children’s weekly, published by the official newspaper of the Histadrut (the General Federation of Labor). Additionally, over 500 hundred of her works for children, including poems, stories, translations, essays, literary criticism for young readers, and even comic strips were published in the magazine. It was a tumultuous era. The Arab Revolt (1936–1939), the outbreak of WWII and the publication of the MacDonald White Paper of 1939 all exerted a direct impact on the Jewish communities in Palestine and abroad. These political and national crises of the day also greatly affected the educational and literary fields. Though most pieces in Davar Leyeladim touched on current events, Goldberg declared her unflagging commitment to aesthetic and humanistic universal values even in those anguished times. The poets’ role, she claimed, is to remind their readers what is important and beautiful in the world. Her writings for children epitomized this approach at first, but gradually changed as the war in Europe intensified. The article explores Goldberg’s unique treatment of current events in her writings for children, and her efforts to reconcile Labor Zionist ideals and aspirations with her own aesthetic convictions. The conflicts and contradictions between local and universal ideals engendered some of her most fascinating works for children that have not as yet assumed center stage in scholarly research.","PeriodicalId":54159,"journal":{"name":"Israel Studies","volume":"27 1","pages":"46 - 68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45722012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-26DOI: 10.2979/israelstudies.27.3.07
Y. Weitz
ABSTRACT:The article deals with the municipal elections in Jerusalem, the capital of Israel. Section One, “The early years,” focuses on Daniel Auster’s term as acting mayor, 1948–49; Section Two covers “The chaotic period, 1950–55” and the successive mayoral terms of Shlomo Zalman Shragai and Yitzhak Kariv, whose ineffective administrations of the city led the government to disbanded the Municipal Council in 1955; Section Three, “The stable period, 1955–65,” discusses the terms of two mayors, Gershon Agron and Mordechai Ish-Shalom, both members of the Labor Party, Mapai, under whom Jerusalem underwent considerable development with the relocation of Hadassah Hospital to the western part of the city, and the establishment of the Israel Museum in 1965; Section Four, “The Teddy Kollek years, 1965–73” concerns Kollek’s election as mayor in November 1965 and the reunification of Jerusalem in 1967.
摘要:本文报道了以色列首都耶路撒冷的市政选举。第一部分“早年”(The early years)聚焦于1948年至1949年丹尼尔·奥斯特(Daniel Auster)担任代理市长的任期;第二节介绍了“混乱时期，1950-55年”和什洛莫·扎尔曼·斯拉盖和伊扎克·卡里夫的连续市长任期，他们对该市的无效管理导致政府于1955年解散了市议会;第三节“稳定时期，1955-65年”，讨论了两位市长格尔松·阿格伦(Gershon Agron)和莫迪凯·伊什·沙洛姆(Mordechai Ish-Shalom)的任期，他们都是马派工党成员。在他们的领导下，耶路撒冷经历了相当大的发展，哈达萨医院(Hadassah Hospital)迁至城市西部，并于1965年建立了以色列博物馆;第四部分，“泰迪·科勒克时代，1965 - 73”，涉及科勒克1965年11月当选市长和1967年耶路撒冷统一。
{"title":"Municipal Elections in the Holy City: Campaigns, Results, and Coalition Building in Jerusalem, 1948–1973","authors":"Y. Weitz","doi":"10.2979/israelstudies.27.3.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/israelstudies.27.3.07","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:The article deals with the municipal elections in Jerusalem, the capital of Israel. Section One, “The early years,” focuses on Daniel Auster’s term as acting mayor, 1948–49; Section Two covers “The chaotic period, 1950–55” and the successive mayoral terms of Shlomo Zalman Shragai and Yitzhak Kariv, whose ineffective administrations of the city led the government to disbanded the Municipal Council in 1955; Section Three, “The stable period, 1955–65,” discusses the terms of two mayors, Gershon Agron and Mordechai Ish-Shalom, both members of the Labor Party, Mapai, under whom Jerusalem underwent considerable development with the relocation of Hadassah Hospital to the western part of the city, and the establishment of the Israel Museum in 1965; Section Four, “The Teddy Kollek years, 1965–73” concerns Kollek’s election as mayor in November 1965 and the reunification of Jerusalem in 1967.","PeriodicalId":54159,"journal":{"name":"Israel Studies","volume":"27 1","pages":"143 - 165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47270315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-26DOI: 10.2979/israelstudies.27.3.08
R. Cohen-Almagor
ABSTRACT:The article draws on Michael Walzer’s just war theory to assess the conduct of the Lebanon War of 1982 (Operation Peace for Galilee) and argues that according to the underpinning principles of Walzer’s theory, it was an unjust war. Sharon’s war plans, codenamed “Grand Oranim,” were designed to relieve the Lebanese Christian militias of their so-called Palestinian burden by driving the refugees into Jordan where they would presumably bring about a regime change and turn Jordan into a Palestinian state. My analysis focuses on the causes of this war, jus ad bellum, whether it was a war of self-defense, and the means that were employed in its conduct, its jus in bello. Likewise explored and analyzed here are the concepts of proportionality and the treatment of non-combatants.
{"title":"Michael Walzer’s Just War Theory and the 1982 Israel War in Lebanon: Theory and Application","authors":"R. Cohen-Almagor","doi":"10.2979/israelstudies.27.3.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/israelstudies.27.3.08","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:The article draws on Michael Walzer’s just war theory to assess the conduct of the Lebanon War of 1982 (Operation Peace for Galilee) and argues that according to the underpinning principles of Walzer’s theory, it was an unjust war. Sharon’s war plans, codenamed “Grand Oranim,” were designed to relieve the Lebanese Christian militias of their so-called Palestinian burden by driving the refugees into Jordan where they would presumably bring about a regime change and turn Jordan into a Palestinian state. My analysis focuses on the causes of this war, jus ad bellum, whether it was a war of self-defense, and the means that were employed in its conduct, its jus in bello. Likewise explored and analyzed here are the concepts of proportionality and the treatment of non-combatants.","PeriodicalId":54159,"journal":{"name":"Israel Studies","volume":"27 1","pages":"166 - 189"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46595942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-24DOI: 10.2979/israelstudies.27.2.03
M. Karayanni
ABSTRACT:The religion-and-state debate in Israel is Jewish-centered, systematically disregarding the status of the Palestinian-Arab minority. This is rather puzzling, not least because, in many other countries, this debate does pick up conflicts pertaining to minority religions, and the Palestinian-Arab minority has generated a rich and diverse series of questions that might easily have qualified as highly relevant to it. The article decodes this anomaly by pointing out the existence of a legal matrix in the Israeli religion-and-state conflict. This matrix identifies a value system in the Israeli legal system by which the recognition accorded to Jewish religious institutions and norms is regarded as “public and coercive” and the recognition accorded to the Palestinian-Arabs is regarded as “private and liberal.” The second part of the article comments on some legal implications of this matrix and critically evaluates the question whether what seems to be “private and liberal” is so in fact.
{"title":"Religion and State Among the Palestinian-Arabs in Israel: A Realm of “Their” Own","authors":"M. Karayanni","doi":"10.2979/israelstudies.27.2.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/israelstudies.27.2.03","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:The religion-and-state debate in Israel is Jewish-centered, systematically disregarding the status of the Palestinian-Arab minority. This is rather puzzling, not least because, in many other countries, this debate does pick up conflicts pertaining to minority religions, and the Palestinian-Arab minority has generated a rich and diverse series of questions that might easily have qualified as highly relevant to it. The article decodes this anomaly by pointing out the existence of a legal matrix in the Israeli religion-and-state conflict. This matrix identifies a value system in the Israeli legal system by which the recognition accorded to Jewish religious institutions and norms is regarded as “public and coercive” and the recognition accorded to the Palestinian-Arabs is regarded as “private and liberal.” The second part of the article comments on some legal implications of this matrix and critically evaluates the question whether what seems to be “private and liberal” is so in fact.","PeriodicalId":54159,"journal":{"name":"Israel Studies","volume":"27 1","pages":"23 - 7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43879861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-24DOI: 10.2979/israelstudies.27.2.11
Orit Oved
ABSTRACT:The article presents the policy of Israel’s Ministry of Education and the educational theorization and implementation of fostering Jewish consciousness and identity in the (non-religious) state elementary and secondary education system in the 1950s and 1960s. The guiding educational conception addressed the relationship between knowing and experiencing, emphasizing the experiential aspect and the evocation of emotion in the learning process. Policymakers anticipated that imparting knowledge about Jewish life experientially would lead to identification and the assimilation of Jewish identity among both school pupils and the “secular” Jewish-Israeli public. Two main educational practices to achieve this were used in the state education system, reflecting the experiential and emotional aspects of learning: first, designing teaching/learning materials for teachers and students in state schools; second, sending a delegation of high school and teachers seminary students in the summer of 1966 to see the extermination camps in Poland and Czechoslovakia.
{"title":"Between Knowing and Experiencing: Israel’s Ministry of Education Policies and Practices for Enhancing Jewish Identity in the 1950s and 1960s","authors":"Orit Oved","doi":"10.2979/israelstudies.27.2.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/israelstudies.27.2.11","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:The article presents the policy of Israel’s Ministry of Education and the educational theorization and implementation of fostering Jewish consciousness and identity in the (non-religious) state elementary and secondary education system in the 1950s and 1960s. The guiding educational conception addressed the relationship between knowing and experiencing, emphasizing the experiential aspect and the evocation of emotion in the learning process. Policymakers anticipated that imparting knowledge about Jewish life experientially would lead to identification and the assimilation of Jewish identity among both school pupils and the “secular” Jewish-Israeli public. Two main educational practices to achieve this were used in the state education system, reflecting the experiential and emotional aspects of learning: first, designing teaching/learning materials for teachers and students in state schools; second, sending a delegation of high school and teachers seminary students in the summer of 1966 to see the extermination camps in Poland and Czechoslovakia.","PeriodicalId":54159,"journal":{"name":"Israel Studies","volume":"27 1","pages":"145 - 170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42308268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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