Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.2979/israelstudies.27.1.04
Yogev Elbaz
ABSTRACT:In recent years, archival material concerning Israel's intervention during the 1960s civil war in Yemen has come to light. The article examines and interprets the events of the war and the motives behind the intervention using the recently declassified materials and the fresh insight these afford. The article argues that Israel was driven by fear of Nasser and the domino effect Arab nationalism might spread through the Arab Middle East to intervene in the war in support of the Imam's forces via the British mercenaries operating in Yemen. In a deeper sense, Israel's chief concern was the re-emergence of the 1958 regional crisis, and as such it chose to respond through the extension of an "Alliance of the Periphery."
{"title":"Beyond the Periphery—Israel's Intervention in the Yemen Civil War in the 1960s","authors":"Yogev Elbaz","doi":"10.2979/israelstudies.27.1.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/israelstudies.27.1.04","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:In recent years, archival material concerning Israel's intervention during the 1960s civil war in Yemen has come to light. The article examines and interprets the events of the war and the motives behind the intervention using the recently declassified materials and the fresh insight these afford. The article argues that Israel was driven by fear of Nasser and the domino effect Arab nationalism might spread through the Arab Middle East to intervene in the war in support of the Imam's forces via the British mercenaries operating in Yemen. In a deeper sense, Israel's chief concern was the re-emergence of the 1958 regional crisis, and as such it chose to respond through the extension of an \"Alliance of the Periphery.\"","PeriodicalId":54159,"journal":{"name":"Israel Studies","volume":"27 1","pages":"107 - 84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69731217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.2979/israelstudies.27.1.07
Amnon Cavari
ABSTRACT:During his 2016 election campaign, Donald Trump vowed to change U.S. priorities and strengthen his administration's relationship with Israel and its government. As president, Mr. Trump carried through his campaign promises: He recognized Jerusalem as the capital of Israel and moved the U.S. Embassy to Jerusalem; he recognized Israeli sovereignty over the Golan Heights; he withdrew the U.S. from the Iran Nuclear Deal; he cut funding for the Palestinians; took unilateral supportive actions at the U.N. and promoted peace negotiations between Israel and Arab countries in the region. The article reviews these measures as strategic partisan tools used by Donald Trump to fulfill commitments to his base and to appropriate issues which had long been avoided as partisan. In appropriating them for his own political gains, the former president tapped into and increased the ongoing partisan divide over Israel which may well become an irreversible trend.
{"title":"Trump and Israel: Exploiting a Partisan Divide for Political Gains","authors":"Amnon Cavari","doi":"10.2979/israelstudies.27.1.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/israelstudies.27.1.07","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:During his 2016 election campaign, Donald Trump vowed to change U.S. priorities and strengthen his administration's relationship with Israel and its government. As president, Mr. Trump carried through his campaign promises: He recognized Jerusalem as the capital of Israel and moved the U.S. Embassy to Jerusalem; he recognized Israeli sovereignty over the Golan Heights; he withdrew the U.S. from the Iran Nuclear Deal; he cut funding for the Palestinians; took unilateral supportive actions at the U.N. and promoted peace negotiations between Israel and Arab countries in the region. The article reviews these measures as strategic partisan tools used by Donald Trump to fulfill commitments to his base and to appropriate issues which had long been avoided as partisan. In appropriating them for his own political gains, the former president tapped into and increased the ongoing partisan divide over Israel which may well become an irreversible trend.","PeriodicalId":54159,"journal":{"name":"Israel Studies","volume":"27 1","pages":"156 - 181"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47175362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.2979/israelstudies.27.1.06
Mat S. Cohen
ABSTRACT:Despite the importance of the ideological cleavage in Israel, there is a literary gap between the interpretation of Right-Wing positions on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and its vision for Israel and the Middle East. Based on a conceptual analysis of arguments articulated in Ribonut journal by diverse members of the Right-Wing elite, the article presents new empirical evidence for the unique narrative of the conflict by the Israeli Right that leads to an ideological rejection of a two-state solution and a preference for a one-state solution, unilateral annexation, and a limited expansion of Palestinian rights.
{"title":"The Right-Wing 'One-State Solution': Narrative, Proposals, and the Future of the Conflict","authors":"Mat S. Cohen","doi":"10.2979/israelstudies.27.1.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/israelstudies.27.1.06","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:Despite the importance of the ideological cleavage in Israel, there is a literary gap between the interpretation of Right-Wing positions on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and its vision for Israel and the Middle East. Based on a conceptual analysis of arguments articulated in Ribonut journal by diverse members of the Right-Wing elite, the article presents new empirical evidence for the unique narrative of the conflict by the Israeli Right that leads to an ideological rejection of a two-state solution and a preference for a one-state solution, unilateral annexation, and a limited expansion of Palestinian rights.","PeriodicalId":54159,"journal":{"name":"Israel Studies","volume":"27 1","pages":"132 - 155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44653956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.2979/israelstudies.27.1.05
Benyamin Neuberger
ABSTRACT:The article discusses the developmental stages of Israeli democracy: from the pre-state Jewish Yishuv, to the formative years of democracy in Israel; from the 1950s to the early 1960s; and during the years of liberalization and democratization, from the mid-1960s until the early 1980s. However, since the 1980s, the sense of inclusiveness and equality in Israeli society has gradually declined, amid antidemocratic legislation and the spread of antidemocratic incitement, polarization and authoritarian challenges to the political system. The article observes the dark clouds that threaten Israel's democracy and the struggle between its democratic and antidemocratic forces.
{"title":"The Rise and Gradual Decline of Israeli Democracy, 1920–2020","authors":"Benyamin Neuberger","doi":"10.2979/israelstudies.27.1.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/israelstudies.27.1.05","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:The article discusses the developmental stages of Israeli democracy: from the pre-state Jewish Yishuv, to the formative years of democracy in Israel; from the 1950s to the early 1960s; and during the years of liberalization and democratization, from the mid-1960s until the early 1980s. However, since the 1980s, the sense of inclusiveness and equality in Israeli society has gradually declined, amid antidemocratic legislation and the spread of antidemocratic incitement, polarization and authoritarian challenges to the political system. The article observes the dark clouds that threaten Israel's democracy and the struggle between its democratic and antidemocratic forces.","PeriodicalId":54159,"journal":{"name":"Israel Studies","volume":"27 1","pages":"108 - 131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44199750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.2979/israelstudies.27.1.02
Oded Haklai, Rida Abu Rass
ABSTRACT:The article argues that the politics of the Arab minority in Israel has entered a new phase since the mid-2010s: centripetalism. Whereas the preceding two decades or so (the third phase) were characterized by claims in the name of Palestinian nationalism and organizational fragmentation, the centripetal phase is characterized by (1) a decline in the political salience of minority nationalism and a shift in focus to social and civic issues; (2) an aspiration to move from the fringes of politics; and (3) greater organizational convergence, eclipsing intra-communal ideological divisions in the service of shared objectives. The advent of this phase is attributed to unintended consequences of changes in the electoral rules (specifically the 2015 rise in the election threshold) combined with pressure from the electorate, empowered by the raised electoral threshold.
{"title":"The Fourth Phase of Palestinian Arab Politics in Israel: The Centripetal Turn","authors":"Oded Haklai, Rida Abu Rass","doi":"10.2979/israelstudies.27.1.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/israelstudies.27.1.02","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:The article argues that the politics of the Arab minority in Israel has entered a new phase since the mid-2010s: centripetalism. Whereas the preceding two decades or so (the third phase) were characterized by claims in the name of Palestinian nationalism and organizational fragmentation, the centripetal phase is characterized by (1) a decline in the political salience of minority nationalism and a shift in focus to social and civic issues; (2) an aspiration to move from the fringes of politics; and (3) greater organizational convergence, eclipsing intra-communal ideological divisions in the service of shared objectives. The advent of this phase is attributed to unintended consequences of changes in the electoral rules (specifically the 2015 rise in the election threshold) combined with pressure from the electorate, empowered by the raised electoral threshold.","PeriodicalId":54159,"journal":{"name":"Israel Studies","volume":"27 1","pages":"35 - 60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42011734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.2979/israelstudies.27.1.09
Ehud Eiran
ABSTRACT:The article examines Justice Elyakim Rubinstein's approach to compromise in the judicial process, based mainly on his judicial record on the Israeli Supreme Court bench, (2004–2017) but also on his speeches and publications. The two arguments advanced here are first, that Justice Rubinstein believed in compromise (rather than adjudication) as the preferred outcome of the legal process; and second, that according to his reading of Hebrew Law, compromise is justified by more than utility, efficiency, and benefit to the common good. The article likewise considers the limits and shortcomings of Rubinstein's approach, and the manner in which he mitigated some of them.
{"title":"Hebrew Law as a Source for Conciliation and Mediation in Supreme Court Decisions: The Legacy of Justice Elyakim Rubinstein","authors":"Ehud Eiran","doi":"10.2979/israelstudies.27.1.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/israelstudies.27.1.09","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:The article examines Justice Elyakim Rubinstein's approach to compromise in the judicial process, based mainly on his judicial record on the Israeli Supreme Court bench, (2004–2017) but also on his speeches and publications. The two arguments advanced here are first, that Justice Rubinstein believed in compromise (rather than adjudication) as the preferred outcome of the legal process; and second, that according to his reading of Hebrew Law, compromise is justified by more than utility, efficiency, and benefit to the common good. The article likewise considers the limits and shortcomings of Rubinstein's approach, and the manner in which he mitigated some of them.","PeriodicalId":54159,"journal":{"name":"Israel Studies","volume":"27 1","pages":"208 - 230"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44749735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-23DOI: 10.2979/israelstudies.26.3.10
Rebekka Grossmann
ABSTRACT:Photography and its production, dissemination and reception is a contested terrain in the scholarship of arts during the Mandate Era. Instead of juxtaposing different “national” viewpoints, the article adopts the perspective of an ostensible outsider, the American Colony photographer, Eric Matson. Matson’s photographic angle on the realities of the Mandate captured local and global imaginations, and his imperial gaze has much to teach about local political dynamics in an increasingly sectarian space. The article explores his relationship with local inhabitants and international news agents, and the ways in which his status as a creator and agent of images influenced his photographic perspectives. It suggests that despite Matson’s close access to the transformations and actors in his surroundings, his ability to engage with them declined over the years. Ultimately his loyalties would be with the international audiences who shaped his decision to perpetuate imperial views. Matson’s photography, in its internationalist aspirations and imperial character, illuminates the relationship between the networks of global news communication and the imperial infrastructure that shaped them. His story, thus, reveals an unacknowledged vantage point on the tensions between local national movements and global influences in the Middle East. Finally, the article probes the global historical nature of local photographic production and its importance in scholarship on the Mandate Period.
{"title":"The “Colonial” Vantage Point: Imperial Photography in Mandatory Palestine","authors":"Rebekka Grossmann","doi":"10.2979/israelstudies.26.3.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/israelstudies.26.3.10","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:Photography and its production, dissemination and reception is a contested terrain in the scholarship of arts during the Mandate Era. Instead of juxtaposing different “national” viewpoints, the article adopts the perspective of an ostensible outsider, the American Colony photographer, Eric Matson. Matson’s photographic angle on the realities of the Mandate captured local and global imaginations, and his imperial gaze has much to teach about local political dynamics in an increasingly sectarian space. The article explores his relationship with local inhabitants and international news agents, and the ways in which his status as a creator and agent of images influenced his photographic perspectives. It suggests that despite Matson’s close access to the transformations and actors in his surroundings, his ability to engage with them declined over the years. Ultimately his loyalties would be with the international audiences who shaped his decision to perpetuate imperial views. Matson’s photography, in its internationalist aspirations and imperial character, illuminates the relationship between the networks of global news communication and the imperial infrastructure that shaped them. His story, thus, reveals an unacknowledged vantage point on the tensions between local national movements and global influences in the Middle East. Finally, the article probes the global historical nature of local photographic production and its importance in scholarship on the Mandate Period.","PeriodicalId":54159,"journal":{"name":"Israel Studies","volume":"26 1","pages":"158 - 178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45894064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-23DOI: 10.2979/israelstudies.26.3.09
Inbal Ben-Asher Gitler, B. Leshem
ABSTRACT:The far-reaching plans for cultural institutions envisioned by the British during the Palestine Mandate included three museums: the renowned Palestine Archeological Museum (better known as the Rockefeller Museum) in Jerusalem, the most important British cultural institution in the country, and two little-known museums, the “Northern District Museum,” a space for exhibitions at the ancient Acre arsenal, and the Palestine Folk Museum, at the Jerusalem Citadel. The article explores the role of these projects, whether completed or not, in the museum culture created by the British and the cultural politics and curatorial practices involved in the planning of these museums. We demonstrate that the museums were intended to provide a disciplinary and scientific basis for an unbiased study of the histories, peoples, and customs of the region. This, in turn, contributed to the British construction of their own image as peaceful mediators in a conflicted land.
{"title":"Creating Museum Culture in Mandate Palestine","authors":"Inbal Ben-Asher Gitler, B. Leshem","doi":"10.2979/israelstudies.26.3.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/israelstudies.26.3.09","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:The far-reaching plans for cultural institutions envisioned by the British during the Palestine Mandate included three museums: the renowned Palestine Archeological Museum (better known as the Rockefeller Museum) in Jerusalem, the most important British cultural institution in the country, and two little-known museums, the “Northern District Museum,” a space for exhibitions at the ancient Acre arsenal, and the Palestine Folk Museum, at the Jerusalem Citadel. The article explores the role of these projects, whether completed or not, in the museum culture created by the British and the cultural politics and curatorial practices involved in the planning of these museums. We demonstrate that the museums were intended to provide a disciplinary and scientific basis for an unbiased study of the histories, peoples, and customs of the region. This, in turn, contributed to the British construction of their own image as peaceful mediators in a conflicted land.","PeriodicalId":54159,"journal":{"name":"Israel Studies","volume":"26 1","pages":"138 - 157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45779246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-23DOI: 10.2979/israelstudies.26.3.04
Aviva Halamish
ABSTRACT:During the Mandate period, the struggle for Palestine was essentially a demographic race between the Jewish minority and the Arab majority, with the Mandate authorities determining the rules of the game. While the proportion of Arabs to Jews at the end of WWI was 11:1, by the eve of WWII, it was approximately two-thirds Arabs to one-third Jews, and remained as such until the outbreak of the 1948 War, with 600,000 Jews in the country and twice as many Arabs. The primary source of growth in the Jewish population was immigration whereas the rate of growth among the Arabs was due almost exclusively to natural population increase. The article surveys and analyzes the role of demography in shaping the policy and practice of the three sides of the Palestine triangle from the formulation of the Balfour declaration in 1917 to the 1947 United Nations’ partition resolution. The main contention is, that demographic calculations and estimations were behind the positions on the three main issues around which the conflict in Mandatory Palestine revolved: immigration, the establishment of institutions of representative self-government and the acquisition of land by Jews.
{"title":"Demography and the Struggle for Palestine, 1917–1947","authors":"Aviva Halamish","doi":"10.2979/israelstudies.26.3.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/israelstudies.26.3.04","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:During the Mandate period, the struggle for Palestine was essentially a demographic race between the Jewish minority and the Arab majority, with the Mandate authorities determining the rules of the game. While the proportion of Arabs to Jews at the end of WWI was 11:1, by the eve of WWII, it was approximately two-thirds Arabs to one-third Jews, and remained as such until the outbreak of the 1948 War, with 600,000 Jews in the country and twice as many Arabs. The primary source of growth in the Jewish population was immigration whereas the rate of growth among the Arabs was due almost exclusively to natural population increase. The article surveys and analyzes the role of demography in shaping the policy and practice of the three sides of the Palestine triangle from the formulation of the Balfour declaration in 1917 to the 1947 United Nations’ partition resolution. The main contention is, that demographic calculations and estimations were behind the positions on the three main issues around which the conflict in Mandatory Palestine revolved: immigration, the establishment of institutions of representative self-government and the acquisition of land by Jews.","PeriodicalId":54159,"journal":{"name":"Israel Studies","volume":"26 1","pages":"46 - 65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44950264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-23DOI: 10.2979/israelstudies.26.3.08
Viola Alianov-Rautenberg
ABSTRACT:The article focuses on German Jewish immigrants and their memories of encounters with the British in Mandatory Palestine during the 1930s and 1940s, as recorded in oral history interviews with them. Their affinity and perceived cultural similarity with the British is contextualized here using contemporary sources like newspaper articles, administrative and ego documents. The article offers new perspectives on the interaction between the British and the Jews of the era, internal conflicts within the Yishuv, and the self-perception of Central European immigrants.
{"title":"Kindred Spirits in the Levant? German Jews in British Palestine","authors":"Viola Alianov-Rautenberg","doi":"10.2979/israelstudies.26.3.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/israelstudies.26.3.08","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:The article focuses on German Jewish immigrants and their memories of encounters with the British in Mandatory Palestine during the 1930s and 1940s, as recorded in oral history interviews with them. Their affinity and perceived cultural similarity with the British is contextualized here using contemporary sources like newspaper articles, administrative and ego documents. The article offers new perspectives on the interaction between the British and the Jews of the era, internal conflicts within the Yishuv, and the self-perception of Central European immigrants.","PeriodicalId":54159,"journal":{"name":"Israel Studies","volume":"20 37","pages":"122 - 137"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41307228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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