Tizard Learning Disability Review最新文献

英文中文

Vocational training for livelihood and rehabilitation of persons with intellectual disabilities 为智障人士的生计和康复提供职业培训

IF 0.6 Q4 EDUCATION, SPECIAL

Tizard Learning Disability Review

Pub Date : 2022-10-10 DOI: 10.1108/tldr-11-2021-0030

Chinchu Chithrangathan

PurposeRehabilitation facilities available for persons with intellectual disabilities are low in India. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate an action research programme undertaken in Thrissur district, Kerala, India, to provide institution-based vocational training to selected beneficiaries of BUDS rehabilitation institutions.Design/methodology/approachA total of 40 students were selected for the training programme. Different vocational activities were included according to criteria such as the abilities of students, sustainability and therapeutic value.FindingsThe results of data analysis showed that fraternity, engagement and collectivism were the themes that emerged from the conversations with students, teachers and parents. Some students showed marked improvements in various areas of functioning.Research limitations/implicationsLarger replication studies could provide more evidence for wider implementation.Practical implicationsThere is a possibility of scaling up the model at the state or national level.Social implicationsThis model could be adopted for providing better services to persons with intellectual disabilities in similar low- and middle-income settings.Originality/valueTo the best of the author’s knowledge, this paper is the first known attempt at examining the utility of vocational activity training as therapeutic intervention for persons with intellectual disabilities in India.

在印度，为智力残疾者提供的康复设施很少。本文的目的是说明在印度喀拉拉邦Thrissur地区开展的一项行动研究方案，该方案为bud康复机构的选定受益人提供基于机构的职业培训。设计/方法/方法共选出40名学生参加培训方案。根据学生的能力、可持续性和治疗价值等标准，包括不同的职业活动。数据分析的结果显示，友爱、参与和集体主义是与学生、老师和家长对话中出现的主题。一些学生在不同领域的功能表现出明显的改善。研究局限性/意义更大规模的重复研究可以为更广泛的应用提供更多的证据。实际意义有可能在州或国家一级扩大该模型。社会意义这模式可为类似中低收入环境的智障人士提供更优质的服务。原创性/价值据作者所知，这篇论文是第一次尝试检验职业活动培训作为印度智障人士治疗干预的效用。

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引用次数: 0

Commentary on “A STOMP-focused evaluation of prescribing practices in one assessment and treatment unit for people with intellectual disabilities” 关于“以STOMP为重点评估一个智力残疾人评估和治疗单位的处方做法”的评论

IF 0.6 Q4 EDUCATION, SPECIAL

Tizard Learning Disability Review

Pub Date : 2022-09-19 DOI: 10.1108/tldr-08-2022-0017

D. Gerrard, Jennifer A. Rhodes

PurposeThis commentary aims to define STOMP and STAMP, describes its history and evolution and the authors’ thoughts about future directions given the lack of clear evidence base for prescribing and deprescribing psychotropic medication given for behaviour thought to be challenging.Design/methodology/approachThis commentary defines the authors’ clinical experience and personal thoughts about STOMP achievements and challenges for the future delivery.FindingsThis commentary details STOMP development to date and highlights the potential areas for further study and research to grow understanding, professional confidence and delivery.Research limitations/implicationsThis commentary highlights much of the currently accepted research and areas that have poor quality evidence or are of interest for future study. STOMP definition, especially of inappropriate prescribing, is key to redefining the work.Practical implicationsThis commentary highlights the potential impact of STOMP and STAMP on prescribing rates and the need for better definition, processes and education for workforce development. There is a major need to understand the benefit of behavioural intervention to support the optimisation of medication.Originality/valueThis commentary builds on personal experience and current understanding to postulate considerations to further the delivery of STOMP and STAMP.

目的本评论旨在定义STOMP和STAMP，描述其历史和演变，以及作者对未来方向的想法，因为缺乏明确的证据基础来开处方和取消对被认为具有挑战性的行为的精神药物的描述。设计/方法论/方法本评论定义了作者对STOMP成就的临床经验和个人想法，以及未来交付的挑战。发现这篇评论详细介绍了STOMP迄今为止的发展，并强调了进一步研究和研究的潜在领域，以增强理解、专业信心和交付能力。研究局限性/含义本评论强调了目前接受的许多研究以及证据质量较差或对未来研究感兴趣的领域。STOMP的定义，尤其是不适当的处方，是重新定义工作的关键。实际含义本评论强调了STOMP和STAMP对处方率的潜在影响，以及为劳动力发展提供更好的定义、流程和教育的必要性。主要需要了解行为干预的好处，以支持药物的优化。独创性/价值本评论建立在个人经验和当前理解的基础上，以假设进一步交付STOMP和STAMP的考虑因素。

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引用次数: 0

“Status quo bias and resistance to positive behaviour support: implications for leaders” 现状偏见和对积极行为支持的抵制:对领导者的启示

IF 0.6 Q4 EDUCATION, SPECIAL

Tizard Learning Disability Review

Pub Date : 2022-09-14 DOI: 10.1108/tldr-11-2021-0033

K. M. Ntinas

PurposeThis paper aims to focus on why some practitioners in learning disability services resist implementing evidence-based approaches, such as positive behaviour support, despite its benefits.Design/methodology/approachStatus quo bias theory was used to explain why practitioners choose existing practices over evidence-based approaches despite the negative consequences to their well-being.FindingsStaff members’ decision to maintain the status quo should not be based solely on a cost–benefit analysis, as is commonly believed, as several factors influence it.Originality/valueThis lies on the development of leadership action based on the factors that influence staff's decision making in favour of the status quo.

目的本文旨在关注为什么一些学习障碍服务从业者拒绝实施循证方法，如积极的行为支持，尽管它有好处。设计/方法论/方法现状偏见理论被用来解释为什么从业者选择现有实践而不是循证方法，尽管这对他们的健康产生了负面影响，因为有几个因素会影响它。独创性/价值这取决于领导行动的发展，这些行动是基于影响员工做出有利于现状的决策的因素。

引用次数: 0

Commentary on “Development of LDPAQ: learning disability physical activity questionnaire” 《LDPAQ:学习障碍身体活动问卷的编制》述评

IF 0.6 Q4 EDUCATION, SPECIAL

Tizard Learning Disability Review

Pub Date : 2022-07-29 DOI: 10.1108/tldr-07-2022-0013

Katie Brooker, J. Hill

PurposeThis paper aims to discuss the importance of delivering high-quality education to allied health and fitness professionals around physical activity for people with intellectual disabilities.Design/methodology/approachThe clinical training and experience needs of allied health and fitness professionals are examined in relation to knowledge and skills around physical activity levels and people with intellectual disabilities.FindingsThe training of allied health and fitness professionals may not be adequate. Current training does not appear to provide professionals with the skill set and suitable experiences to appropriately support people with intellectual disabilities to be active.Originality/valueKey training areas for allied health and fitness professionals are outlined.

目的:本文旨在探讨为智障人士提供高质量体育活动教育的重要性。设计/方法/方法研究专职健康和健身专业人员在体力活动水平和智障人士方面的知识和技能方面的临床培训和经验需求。调查结果联合健康和健身专业人员的培训可能不够。目前的培训似乎没有为专业人员提供适当支持智障人士积极活动的技能和适当经验。创意/价值概述了专职健康和健身专业人员的主要培训领域。

引用次数: 0

Development of the learning disability physical activity questionnaire (LDPAQ) 学习障碍身体活动问卷(LDPAQ)的编制

IF 0.6 Q4 EDUCATION, SPECIAL

Tizard Learning Disability Review

Pub Date : 2022-06-21 DOI: 10.1108/tldr-04-2022-0011

A. Pakravan, M. Ghazirad, F. Shaddel

PurposePeople with learning disabilities can be affected by complex health needs and their life expectancy is significantly reduced. Physical activity has a role in enhancing quality of life and better management of multiple health issues in this population especially if they are individually tailored to the service users’ abilities and care needs. Considering the complexities of communication, there is a need for a specific physical activity assessment tool in people with learning disabilities.Design/methodology/approachA multidisciplinary team of experts devised the Learning Disability Physical Activity Questionnaire (LDPAQ) as a tool to measure physical activity. The tool was tested within community and inpatient settings.FindingsAn easy-read, picture-based, self-reported and concise questionnaire with options relevant to people with learning disabilities was developed. Feedback from the audit confirmed ease of use and high levels of respondent satisfaction. A small-scale audit of the tool also confirmed the need for promoting physical activity within this population.Originality/valueThe LDPAQ is a novel questionnaire that aims to be a universally applicable tool for the assessment of physical activity status in people with learning disabilities. It is designed to be used by people with learning disabilities themselves, professionals and organisations. Further research is needed to explore the full potential of this tool.

目的学习障碍者可能受到复杂健康需求的影响，他们的预期寿命显著缩短。体育活动在提高这一人群的生活质量和更好地管理多种健康问题方面发挥着作用，尤其是如果体育活动是根据服务用户的能力和护理需求量身定制的。考虑到沟通的复杂性，有必要为有学习障碍的人提供一种特定的体育活动评估工具。设计/方法/方法一个多学科专家团队设计了学习障碍体力活动问卷（LDPAQ），作为衡量体力活动的工具。该工具在社区和住院患者环境中进行了测试。调查结果编制了一份易于阅读、基于图片、自我报告和简明的问卷，其中包含与学习障碍者相关的选项。审计反馈证实了易用性和受访者的高满意度。对该工具的小规模审计也证实了在这一人群中促进体育活动的必要性。创意/价值LDPAQ是一种新颖的问卷，旨在成为评估学习障碍者体育活动状况的普遍适用工具。它的设计目的是供有学习障碍的人自己、专业人士和组织使用。需要进一步的研究来充分发掘这一工具的潜力。

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引用次数: 1

Commentary on “Research priorities relating to communication and swallowing for individuals with learning disabilities across the lifespan” 关于“学习障碍患者一生中与沟通和吞咽相关的研究重点”的评论

IF 0.6 Q4 EDUCATION, SPECIAL

Tizard Learning Disability Review

Pub Date : 2022-06-10 DOI: 10.1108/tldr-04-2022-0009

Anna Backhouse, Sophie Howells

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to provide a commentary on the article by Chadd et al. The commentary sets out the key principles of good support and considers how the Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists research priorities impact on the practice of a team of Speech and Language Therapists who support people with learning disabilities, including autistic people and those with complex needs who display behaviour described as challenging. The commentary considers how the research priorities fit within current policies and frameworks and reflects on areas that could be considered further.

Design/methodology/approach

This commentary provides a narrative account of the reflections of a team of Speech and Language Therapists on the impact that the research priorities have had on their work.

Findings

The Speech and Language Therapy (SLT) team are all keen to be involved in research but identify barriers to this relating to time within their current roles and challenges in meaningfully involving people they support. The research priorities have provided a broad framework for them to use to consider areas for research, and the focus on measuring outcomes is welcome. The research priorities largely fit within the frameworks that support current social care practice; however, they are not written in a way that is accessible for most people with a learning disability, and some do not fully reflect the social model of disability. The wider involvement of people with lived experience may have led to different research priorities identified.

Originality/value

The commentary provides an account of the impact that the research priorities have had on a team of Speech and Language Therapists working within a social care setting. It encourages readers to consider the wider context for people with learning disabilities and the role SLT plays within the social model of support for improving quality of life.

本文的目的是对Chadd等人的文章进行评论。该评论列出了良好支持的关键原则，并考虑了皇家言语和语言治疗师学院的研究重点如何影响言语和语言治疗师团队的实践，这些团队支持有学习障碍的人，包括自闭症患者和那些表现出具有挑战性行为的复杂需求的人。评注考虑了研究重点如何适应当前的政策和框架，并反映了可以进一步考虑的领域。设计/方法/方法这篇评论提供了一组言语和语言治疗师对研究重点对他们工作的影响的反思的叙述。言语和语言治疗(SLT)团队都渴望参与到研究中来，但他们发现，在他们目前的角色范围内，这与时间有关，并且在有意义地参与他们所支持的人方面存在挑战。研究重点为他们提供了一个广泛的框架来考虑研究领域，注重衡量成果是受欢迎的。研究重点在很大程度上符合支持当前社会护理实践的框架;然而，它们并不是以大多数有学习障碍的人可以理解的方式编写的，有些并没有充分反映残疾的社会模式。有生活经验的人更广泛的参与可能导致不同的研究重点确定。原创性/价值评论提供了研究重点对在社会护理环境中工作的言语和语言治疗师团队的影响的说明。它鼓励读者考虑学习障碍人士的更广泛背景，以及学习障碍在支持改善生活质量的社会模式中所起的作用。

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引用次数: 0

Research priorities relating to communication and swallowing for people with learning disabilities across the lifespan 学习障碍患者一生中与沟通和吞咽相关的研究重点

IF 0.6 Q4 EDUCATION, SPECIAL

Tizard Learning Disability Review

Pub Date : 2022-06-09 DOI: 10.1108/tldr-06-2021-0018

K. Chadd, Lauren M Longhurst, Amit A Kulkarni, Jaya Simpson, Emma Pagnamenta, Fiona Brettell, D. Money, Rosie Dowty, Josephine Wallinger, Sai Bangera, Rebecca L Palmer, V. Joffe

PurposeThis research priority setting partnership (PSP) aims to collaboratively identify the “top ten” research priorities relating to communication and swallowing for children and adults with learning disabilities, across the lifespan in the UK, using a modified James Lind Alliance approach.Design/methodology/approachA steering group and reference group were established to oversee the PSP. A survey of speech and language therapists (SLTs) resulted in 157 research suggestions. These were further developed into 95 research questions through a multi-stakeholder workshop. Questions were prioritised via an online card-sort activity completed by SLTs, health-care or education professionals and carers. Research questions were analysed thematically. Ten adults with learning disabilities were supported to assign ratings to themes reflecting their prioritisation. The top ten research priorities were identified by combining results from these activities.FindingsThe top ten research priorities related to intervention, outcome measurement and service delivery around communication and dysphagia.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first UK-wide research PSP on learning disabilities and speech and language therapy across the lifespan. It uses a novel approach to incorporate the preferences of people with learning disabilities in the prioritisation.

目的这一研究优先事项设定伙伴关系（PSP）旨在使用改良的詹姆斯·林德联盟方法，在英国学习障碍儿童和成人的整个生命周期内，共同确定与沟通和吞咽相关的“十大”研究优先事项。设计/方法/方法成立了指导小组和参考小组来监督PSP。一项针对言语和语言治疗师（SLT）的调查得出157项研究建议。通过多方利益攸关方研讨会，这些问题进一步发展为95个研究问题。通过SLT、医疗保健或教育专业人员和护理人员完成的在线卡片分类活动，对问题进行优先排序。对研究问题进行了专题分析。支持10名有学习障碍的成年人对反映其优先顺序的主题进行评分。通过结合这些活动的结果，确定了十大研究重点。发现十大研究重点与沟通和吞咽困难的干预、结果测量和服务提供有关。独创性/价值据作者所知，这是英国范围内第一项关于学习障碍以及终身言语和语言治疗的PSP研究。它采用了一种新颖的方法，将学习障碍者的偏好纳入优先顺序。

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引用次数: 0

Commentary on: developing a logic model for implementing citizen advocacy for adults with learning disabilities based on the experience of community inclusion centres for disabled people 评论：根据残疾人社区包容中心的经验，制定一个逻辑模型，为有学习障碍的成年人开展公民宣传

IF 0.6 Q4 EDUCATION, SPECIAL

Tizard Learning Disability Review

Pub Date : 2022-05-23 DOI: 10.1108/tldr-04-2022-0010

M. Clifton, Steve Chapman

PurposeThis commentary reflects on peer advocacy in relation to citizen advocacy in the context of the vital need for advocacy in all its different forms.Design/methodology/approachThe authors reflect from the standpoint of developing peer advocacy in secure mental health settings as an organisation based on self-advocacy and co-production.FindingsBy reflecting on peer advocacy and citizen advocacy side by side, the authors affirm both and all kinds of advocacy as being vital to people with learning disabilities living full and free lives as citizens.Originality/valueThe authors hope this commentary will enrich people’s understandings of the essential role of peer advocacy within different kinds of advocacy, and the need to enlarge the range of possibilities and choices open to a person.

目的本评论反映了在各种不同形式的宣传的迫切需要的背景下，同行宣传与公民宣传的关系。设计/方法论/方法作者从在安全的心理健康环境中发展同伴倡导的角度进行反思，认为这是一个基于自我倡导和共同生产的组织，作者确认，这两种和各种各样的宣传对学习障碍者作为公民过上充实和自由的生活至关重要。原创性/价值作者希望这篇评论能丰富人们对同伴倡导在不同倡导中的重要作用的理解，以及扩大一个人的可能性和选择范围的必要性。

引用次数: 0

Developing a logic model for implementing citizen advocacy for adults with learning disabilities based on the experience of community inclusion centres for disabled people 根据残疾人社区包容中心的经验，制定一个逻辑模型，为有学习障碍的成年人开展公民宣传

IF 0.6 Q4 EDUCATION, SPECIAL

Tizard Learning Disability Review

Pub Date : 2022-05-20 DOI: 10.1108/tldr-08-2021-0025

Yong Deug Kim

PurposeSeveral leading agencies in Korea are interested in citizen advocacy as one way of supporting people with learning disabilities. Therefore, several social welfare organisations require citizen advocacy guidance. This study aims to propose a logic model in the Korean context through responses from leading practitioners.Design/methodology/approachThe logic model was explained to the middle-level practitioners of five community inclusion centres for disabled people who were leading the way in implementing citizen advocacy. After completing a form, the logic model was constructed through analysis.FindingsResources, activities, outputs, outcomes and impact that constitute the logic model framework were addressed. These contents are related to those using and supporting citizen advocacy, such as people with learning disabilities, their families, citizen advocates, service agencies and communities.Originality/valueThe logic model of citizen advocacy was constructed by reflecting the Korean context; thus, laying the foundation for implementing citizen advocacy nationwide.

目的韩国的几个主要机构对公民倡导感兴趣，将其作为支持学习障碍者的一种方式。因此，一些社会福利组织需要公民倡导指导。本研究旨在通过主要从业者的回应，提出韩国背景下的逻辑模型。设计/方法/方法向五个残疾人社区包容中心的中层从业者解释了逻辑模型，他们在实施公民倡导方面处于领先地位。在完成表格后，通过分析构建了逻辑模型。对构成逻辑模型框架的资源、活动、产出、结果和影响进行了讨论。这些内容与那些使用和支持公民倡导的人有关，例如学习障碍者、他们的家人、公民倡导者、服务机构和社区。独创性/价值公民倡导的逻辑模型是通过反映韩国语境而构建的；从而为在全国范围内开展公民宣传工作奠定了基础。

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引用次数: 2

Commentary on “Brief report on six clinical cases of trauma in families who have children and adults who have a learning disability and/or are autistic” 评论“关于有学习障碍和/或自闭症儿童和成人的家庭中6例创伤临床病例的简要报告”

IF 0.6 Q4 EDUCATION, SPECIAL

Tizard Learning Disability Review

Pub Date : 2022-05-03 DOI: 10.1108/tldr-03-2022-0006

Sarah Wigham

PurposeThe purpose of this commentary is to explore some of the research on family carers of people who have a learning disability and/or are autistic.Design/methodology/approachThe approach is a narrative commentary.FindingsFamily carers of people who have a learning disability and/or are autistic may have needs related to mental health and well-being; however, formal systems of support and resources are limited.Originality/valueThe commentary explores and integrates perspectives from international research findings to provide a context/background of broader literature in which the paper by Blackman et al., is situated.

目的本评论的目的是探索一些关于学习障碍和/或自闭症患者的家庭护理人员的研究。设计/方法论/方法论该方法是一种叙述性评论。发现学习障碍和/或自闭症患者的家庭护理人员可能有与心理健康和幸福感相关的需求；然而，正式的支持系统和资源是有限的。原创性/价值评论探讨并整合了国际研究结果的观点，为Blackman等人的论文所处的更广泛的文献提供了背景。

引用次数: 0

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