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Abolishing labour in the 21st century 21世纪废除劳工
IF 0.8 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-05-23 DOI: 10.1177/07255136231173740
Amos Netzer
The concept of abolition of labour (Aufhebung der Arbeit) appeared in some of Marx’s posthumously published works. Few of his notable successors highlighted this concept as key to opposing the Fordist stage of capitalism. Marcuse viewed this stage as a new peak in the repression of imagination and free instincts, bound to ‘the performance principle’. However, the rise of neo-liberalism presents unforeseen challenges to the criticism of labour. While the Keynesian welfare state is collapsing, its universal services are commodified and inequality rates are skyrocketing – some factors of the abolition of labour are surprisingly uplifted. This article will examine the evolution of some factors of abolition of labour that thrive with the spread of neo-liberalism and the erosion of other vital factors; we will elucidate the diminishing role of Marcuse’s performance principle, unravel the reality principle replacing it and discuss the relevance of the concept ‘abolition of labour’ today.
废除劳动的概念出现在马克思死后出版的一些著作中。在他的著名继任者中,很少有人强调这一概念是反对福特主义阶段资本主义的关键。马尔库塞把这一阶段看作是对想象力和自由本能的压抑的新高峰,与“表现原则”相结合。然而,新自由主义的兴起对劳工的批评提出了不可预见的挑战。凯恩斯主义的福利国家正在崩溃,它的普遍服务正在商品化,不平等率正在飙升——废除劳动力的一些因素出人意料地得到了提升。本文将考察随着新自由主义的传播和其他重要因素的侵蚀而蓬勃发展的废除劳动的一些因素的演变;我们将阐明马尔库塞的绩效原则的作用日益减弱,揭示取代它的现实原则,并讨论今天“废除劳动”概念的相关性。
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引用次数: 0
Carnal concepts in action: The diagonal sociology of Loïc Wacquant 行动中的肉体概念:Loïc Wacquant的对角线社会学
IF 0.8 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-05-22 DOI: 10.1177/07255136221149782
Loïc Wacquant, Dieter Vandebroeck
Written in the form of a dialogue with Brussels sociologist Dieter Vandebroeck, this article retraces the social and intellectual trajectory of Loïc Wacquant as stepping stone to reviewing and discussing the major concepts coined and theoretical propositions elaborated in the course of his research on comparative urban marginality, racial domination, the ghetto, the penal state, neoliberalism, and carnality. This provides an opportunity to specify the relationships between ethnography, history and theory; the dialectic of domination and resistance; the role of public (dis)honor in social life; the uses of Bourdieu's bureaucratic field; and the social and academic conditions of incubation, diffusion, and death of scholarly myths such as the “underclass.” The article closes on a call to clearly distinguish the rhetorical, metaphorical, and analytical usages of concepts and reaffirms the need for epistemic reflexivity as sine qua non for the articulation of robust scientific problematics.
本文以与布鲁塞尔社会学家Dieter Vandebroeck对话的形式撰写,追溯Loïc Wacquant的社会和知识轨迹,作为回顾和讨论他在研究比较城市边缘、种族统治、贫民窟、刑罚国家、新自由主义和肉欲的过程中所创造的主要概念和理论命题的垫脚石。这为明确民族志、历史和理论之间的关系提供了机会;统治与反抗的辩证关系;公共荣誉在社会生活中的作用;布迪厄的官僚领域的运用;以及诸如“下层阶级”等学术神话的孵化、传播和消亡的社会和学术条件。文章最后呼吁明确区分概念的修辞、隐喻和分析用法,并重申对认识论反身性的需求是表达健全的科学问题的必要条件。
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引用次数: 0
The Easybeats: From power pop to Oz rock Easybeats:从权力流行到奥兹摇滚
IF 0.8 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-04-10 DOI: 10.1177/07255136231165805
J. Stratton
The Easybeats’ 1960s career is viewed as being in two halves. In the first, they played pop songs composed by Stevie Wright and George Young. The group was incredibly successful in Australia spawning the term Easyfever to describe the adulation heaped on them by mainly teenage girls. In the second half, the group go to England and Young starts writing with Harry Vanda. The group had one huge international hit ‘Friday On My Mind’ and then their popularity declines as their audience loses interest in the group’s more complex music and seemingly sophisticated lyrics. In this article I argue that the earlier songs can be read in terms of power pop avant la lettre and that a continuity can be discerned between the earlier songs and certain key later songs as Vanda and Young begin to develop a harder melodic rock sound anchored in power pop aesthetics that will be the template for AC/DC, a group that included Young’s two younger brothers, and which helped define the generic form of Oz rock. I argue for the importance of Snowy Fleet’s Merseybeat experience in the creation of the early sound, analyse the group’s appeal for teenage girls and discuss the later song ‘Good Times’ as a melodic hard rock precursor of the kind of music played by AC/DC.
Easybeats在20世纪60年代的职业生涯被认为分为两部分。在第一场比赛中,他们播放了由史蒂夫·赖特和乔治·杨创作的流行歌曲。该组合在澳大利亚取得了令人难以置信的成功,创造了“Easyfever”这个词,用来形容主要是十几岁女孩对他们的追捧。在后半段,这群人去了英国,杨开始和哈利·万达一起写作。该组合曾有一首在国际上大热的《Friday On My Mind》,但随着听众对该组合更为复杂的音乐和看似复杂的歌词失去兴趣,他们的受欢迎程度开始下降。在这篇文章中,我认为早期的歌曲可以从权力流行的角度来解读,并且可以在早期歌曲和某些关键的后期歌曲之间辨别出连续性,因为Vanda和Young开始发展一种更强硬的旋律摇滚声音,这种声音植根于权力流行美学,这将成为AC/DC的模板,这是一个包括Young的两个弟弟的组合,并帮助定义了Oz摇滚的一般形式。我论证了Snowy Fleet在早期音乐创作中的默西节拍经验的重要性,分析了该乐队对少女的吸引力,并讨论了后来的歌曲“Good Times”作为AC/DC演奏的那种音乐的旋律硬摇滚先驱。
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引用次数: 0
The idea of the university as a heterotopia: The ethics and politics of thinking in the age of informational capitalism 大学作为异托邦的观念:信息资本主义时代的思想伦理与政治
IF 0.8 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/07255136231169061
B. Dalgliesh
Drawing on struggles within academe between faculty that promote critical education and advocates of New Public Management (NPM) who endorse instrumental learning, I reimagine the university as a counter-space that positions it as a counter-power to informational capitalism. Initially, I outline its twin threats: ethical, as self-entrepreneurial academics are valorised by NPM; and political, with informationalisation conflating spaces of thinking. I then detail Scott Lash’s specific account of how the info-comm society negates critique. However, his monistic understanding of informationalisation means Lash’s alternative of Informationskritik risks subsumption by it. I therefore defer to Jacques Derrida’s idea of the university. To ensure the autonomy of the principle of reason in a world of info-comm flows, the university is a supplementary body to society, yet intimately linked to it by its critical reflexivity, which is on behalf of society. Because Derrida does not elaborate the requisite institutional architecture, I conclude with Michel Foucault’s notion of heterotopia as a quasi-illicit site that is different and other. Such an institutional design enables the university as a counter-space that is a bank of reason and an archive of its manifestation in social practices. It also upholds a space for thinking, which in the form of nominalist critical history proffers a counter-power to society as an informational homotopia.
借鉴学术界提倡批判性教育的教师与支持工具性学习的新公共管理(NPM)倡导者之间的斗争,我将大学重新想象为一个对抗空间,将其定位为信息资本主义的对抗力量。首先,我概述了它的两大威胁:道德威胁,因为自主创业的学者受到NPM的推崇;在政治上,信息化融合了思维空间。然后,我详细介绍了斯科特·拉什(Scott Lash)对信息通信社会如何否定批评的具体描述。然而,他对信息化一元论的理解意味着拉什对信息化风险的替代。因此,我赞同雅克·德里达关于大学的观点。为了确保理性原则在信息交流世界中的自主性,大学是社会的一个补充体,但又通过其代表社会的批判性反思性与社会密切相关。因为德里达没有详细阐述必要的制度架构,所以我以米歇尔·福柯(Michel Foucault)关于异托邦(heterotopia)的概念作为结论,异托邦是一种不同的、其他的准非法场所。这样的制度设计使大学成为一个对抗空间,它是理性的银行,也是理性在社会实践中表现的档案馆。它也为思考提供了空间,以唯名主义批判历史的形式为社会提供了一种作为信息同托邦的反制力量。
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引用次数: 0
Marxism versus Bourdieu on domination, consciousness and resistance: An engagement with Burawoy on Bourdieu 马克思主义与布迪厄的统治、意识与反抗——与布拉沃伊的布迪厄访谈
IF 0.8 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/07255136231165045
W. Atkinson
Michael Burawoy’s recent book-length engagement with the sociology of Pierre Bourdieu constitutes, at root, a Marxist critique of its inability to conceive of the dominated as anything other than duped and submissive, despite this sitting uneasily with Bourdieu’s own research and political practice later in life. Burawoy wonders whether Bourdieusians will be able to recognise the limits of their master’s thought, and set about revising and extending it, in the same way as Marxists did of their own master. This article responds by doing precisely that. After clarifying a different reading of misrecognition, symbolic violence and habitus, it draws out a Bourdieusian theory of social change and a ‘thicker’ conception of contemporary social orders that can accommodate or dissolve Burawoy’s arguments while maintaining fundamental separation from the Marxist project.
迈克尔·布拉沃伊(Michael Burawoy)最近与皮埃尔·布迪厄(Pierre Bourdieu)的社会学进行了长达一本书的接触,从根本上说,这是马克思主义对其无法将被支配者想象成除了被欺骗和顺从之外的任何东西的批判,尽管这与布迪厄后来的研究和政治实践格格不入。Burawoy想知道布迪厄人是否能够像马克思主义者对待自己的大师一样,认识到他们大师思想的局限性,并着手修改和扩展它。这篇文章正是这样回应的。在澄清了对误认、象征性暴力和惯习的不同解读后,它引出了布迪厄式的社会变革理论和对当代社会秩序的“更厚”概念,可以容纳或化解Burawoy的论点,同时保持与马克思主义项目的根本分离。
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引用次数: 1
Populism: What, where and why? 民粹主义:什么,在哪里,为什么?
IF 0.8 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/07255136231169053
W. Zomerski
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引用次数: 0
Rethinking the ordinary and the extraordinary: Reading Rancière’s dissensual politics through Kuhn 重新思考平凡与非凡:从库恩的视角解读朗西弗里斯的非感性政治
IF 0.8 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/07255136231165038
Raffaela Puggioni
Jacques Rancière’s theorisation of the political has been particularly influential in investigating political struggles and social movements. By distinguishing between the police order – tasked with maintaining the dominant (hierarchical) system – and politics – aiming at breaking that system – Rancière suggests reading the political as a disruptive event. However, he does not specifically engage with the question of how politics affects and changes the police order. This is what this article aims at exploring. Building upon Kuhn’s The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, I suggest approaching the police order in the same way Kuhn approaches ‘normal science’ and reading the political in the same way Kuhn reads revolutionary science. I ultimately suggest that Rancière’s theorisation of the political is limited because he does not (sufficiently) account for the interplay between police/politics nor for the emergence of an after-politics, that is, a new (ordinary) police order that emerges out of (extraordinary) political events.
雅克·朗西孔特的政治理论在研究政治斗争和社会运动方面特别有影响力。通过区分以维持主导(等级)系统为任务的警察秩序和旨在打破该系统的政治,ranci建议将政治视为破坏性事件。然而,他并没有特别涉及政治如何影响和改变警察秩序的问题。这正是本文的目的所在。在库恩的《科学革命的结构》的基础上,我建议用库恩对待“正常科学”的同样方式来对待警察秩序,用库恩对待革命科学的同样方式来解读政治。我最终认为,ranci的政治理论化是有限的,因为他没有(充分地)解释警察/政治之间的相互作用,也没有(充分地)解释后政治的出现,即从(非同寻常的)政治事件中出现的新的(普通的)警察秩序。
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引用次数: 1
‘I have to like it’: Working-class awareness among workers at a Bata shoe factory “我必须喜欢它”:巴塔鞋厂工人的工人阶级意识
IF 0.8 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/07255136231165803
Kateřina Nedbálková
The working class has been interpreted within various disciplines and conceptual frameworks, some pointing to the gap between the depiction of the working class as a potentially active social force in the neoliberal deregulated global market and its portrayal as a suffering class of the marginal and excluded. In this text, I move behind this dichotomy to explore the everyday experiences of working-class men and women. Based on ethnographic research at the Bata shoe factory in the Czech Republic, I examine the meanings factory workers attach to their working classness. I investigate their sense of place in society in general. I argue that class matters in the workers’ perceptions of the self. On the one hand, the workers adopt the awareness of subalternity in relation to the educational and further the labor field that ranks them among the lowest positions. On the other hand, they take individual pride in their endurance of the hard work that shoemaking is believed to be. The committed work and emphasis on collectivity turn the microorganism of the factory into a place of mutual discipline, where the praised collectivity functions also as a tool for enhancing work effectivity, also in the interest of the management. By pointing to the concrete dimensions in which they balance the feelings of pride and shame, belonging, and symbolic displacement, I contribute to the sociological understanding of contemporary working classness.
工人阶级在不同的学科和概念框架内得到了解释,一些人指出,将工人阶级描述为新自由主义解除管制的全球市场中潜在的活跃社会力量,与将其描述为边缘和被排斥的痛苦阶层之间存在差距。在这篇文章中,我站在这种二分法的后面,探索工人阶级男性和女性的日常经历。基于对捷克巴塔鞋厂的民族志研究,我考察了工厂工人对其工作阶级的意义。我调查了他们在整个社会中的地位感。我认为阶级在工人对自我的认知中很重要。一方面,工人们在教育和劳动领域中采取了从属意识,这使他们处于最低的地位。另一方面,他们为自己能忍受制鞋所需的艰苦工作而感到自豪。他们的敬业精神和对集体的重视将工厂的微生物变成了一个相互约束的地方,在这里,受到赞扬的集体也起到了提高工作效率的工具的作用,这也符合管理层的利益。通过指出他们平衡自豪感和羞耻感、归属感和象征性位移的具体维度,我有助于对当代工人阶级的社会学理解。
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引用次数: 0
Modernity and collective subjectivity in Marcel Gauchet 现代性与高切特的集体主体性
IF 0.8 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/07255136231168650
Mark T. Hewson
This article examines Marcel Gauchet’s claim that the political history of religion is the key to a new understanding of contemporary liberal democratic societies in the shape that they have come to assume since the 1970s. The Disenchantment of the World presents a history of religion starting out from the thesis that, from the perspective of universal history, the primary function of religion can be identified with the production of the unity and identity of societies. Present-day liberal democracies, it is argued, perform the same function through an alternative disposition of the constitutive elements of collective life. Where religions institute the identity of the society by accepting dependence upon a supernatural origin, contemporary society is organized as a ‘subjective form of social functioning’, in the sense that it is able to create and transform itself. Gauchet argues that the central structural features of contemporary society – the administrative state, the separation of civil society and the freedom of individuals, and the global orientation to the future – allow the practical accomplishment of the ideal of autonomy announced by the tradition of modern and revolutionary political thought. The explication of this logic establishes the preconditions for the criticism of these societies, by showing the historical decision and the internal articulations that give them their cohesion.
本文考察了Marcel Gauchet的主张,即宗教的政治史是对当代自由民主社会进行新理解的关键,这些社会自20世纪70年代以来就形成了这种形式。《世界的迷魂》呈现了一部宗教史,其出发点是,从普世史的角度来看,宗教的主要功能可以确定为社会统一和身份的产生。有人认为,当今的自由民主国家通过对集体生活构成要素的替代性处理来履行同样的职能。宗教通过接受对超自然起源的依赖来确立社会的身份,当代社会被组织为“社会功能的主观形式”,从某种意义上说,它能够创造和改造自己。高切特认为,当代社会的核心结构特征——行政国家、公民社会与个人自由的分离以及面向未来的全球——使现代革命政治思想传统所宣布的自治理想得以实际实现。对这一逻辑的解释通过展示历史决定和赋予这些社会凝聚力的内部表述,为批评这些社会奠定了先决条件。
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引用次数: 0
The Other Social Science: Three centuries of common heterodoxy 其他社会科学:三个世纪以来常见的异端
IF 0.8 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-03-23 DOI: 10.1177/07255136231156130
Peter Lenčo
This paper starts with the observation that at least for the last century there has been an orthodoxy in the social sciences characterized by sui generis structures of various kinds but also (paradoxically) by the unique role of individuals in their ability to intervene in the flow of events. This paper argues that there is a commonality to a number of challenges to orthodoxy that dates back to the beginnings of the social sciences themselves with Vico. Although many connections have been made between elements of these critiques (Latour’s connection to Whitehead, Deleuze’s connection to Tarde), this paper proposes to make such connections more explicit by focusing on a central commitment to or tendency towards a monism characterized by a univocal ontology. The implication is that these various alternatives perhaps have more in common than normally thought and can continue to learn from each other. Most importantly, they present a coherent and viable alternative to social science orthodoxy.
本文首先观察到,至少在上个世纪,社会科学中存在一种正统观念,其特征是各种各样的自成体系结构,但(矛盾的是)个人在干预事件流动方面的独特作用。本文认为,对正统的一些挑战有一个共同点,可以追溯到社会科学本身与维柯的开端。尽管在这些批判的元素之间建立了许多联系(拉图尔与怀特黑德的联系,德勒兹与塔尔德的联系),但本文建议通过关注以单一本体论为特征的一元论的中心承诺或倾向,使这些联系更加明确。这意味着这些不同的选择可能比通常认为的有更多的共同点,并且可以继续相互学习。最重要的是,它们为社会科学的正统学说提供了一种连贯而可行的替代方案。
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引用次数: 1
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Thesis Eleven
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