Trauma Violence & Abuse最新文献

We present the first systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature on intimate partner violence (IPV) among LGBTQ+ adults in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). Of 1,234 articles, 22 met inclusion criteria, and data were extracted for 4 key research areas: prevalence, measurement, risk and protective factors, and interventions. LGBTQ+ adults in LAC experience IPV at similar or higher rates than those documented among cisgender heterosexuals, with estimates ranging from 0.4% to 91.4%. Inconsistencies in estimates may be due to non-standardized measures and subpopulation variability. The broad variability across subgroups demonstrates the need for more standardized measurement of IPV for these populations. Furthermore, this review identified key risk factors for IPV among LGBTQ+ people including alcohol use, perceived/experienced discrimination, transactional sex, and childhood/adolescent experiences of violence. Protective factors and interventions are not well understood in this context, as there was little to no data. The research on IPV among LGBTQ+ adults in LAC is limited, but this review suggests an increase in research in recent years. However, research has primarily focused on men who have sex with men and transgender women. Studies focusing on bisexual populations, lesbians, transgender men, intersex, and other sexual gender minority populations are needed. The high prevalence of IPV among LGBTQ+ individuals in LAC, inconsistency in definitions and measures, unique risk factors, and lack of interventions found in this review demonstrate the need for further IPV research among LGBTQ+ populations, and standardization of epidemiological methods to measure IPV and its effects.

Most people with a psychotic illness will never be violent; however, it is widely known that violence is more prevalent in this group compared to the general community, particularly during first-episode psychosis (FEP). Despite this, there is limited research into what contributes to this increased risk during FEP. The present systematic review aimed to identify whether certain risk factors are differentially associated with severity and timing of violence perpetration during FEP. The following databases were used to identify studies, up to March 8, 2024: MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and ProQuest. A total of 15 studies were included. Male gender, non-white ethnicity, history of violence, higher general psychopathology, and recent substance use were significantly associated with any violence, regardless of the time at which violence was committed. Serious violence was not associated with any risk factors. Higher general psychopathology was associated with any violence committed before presentation to services, while male gender was associated with violence perpetrated at service entry. Only male gender and unemployment were associated with violence committed after treatment. Based on our results, risk factors appear to vary according to the severity and timing of violence. These risk factors also overlap with those found associated with violence risk in the general community, and those correlated with the risk of psychosis. Past studies are limited in the range of risk factors studied and further work is needed to understand correlates of violence in people who have experienced FEP to inform treatment options.

In recent decades, the concept of complex post-traumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) has been the subject of ongoing debate. Despite its recent inclusion in the 11^th version of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11), CPTSD continues to generate controversy. The lack of consensus regarding its current definition has led to the often interchangeable use of various terminologies. The objective of this scoping review is threefold: (a) to examine existing definitions of the concept of CPTSD, (b) to consider adverse or traumatic experiences preceding CPTSD, and (c) to take into account criticisms of CPTSD. Following the scoping review methodology outlined by Arksey and O'Malley, five online databases were searched. The results were independently reviewed by three reviewers. All qualitative and quantitative peer-reviewed english studies providing outcome data for the definition of CPTSD between 2013 and 2025 were included. A total of 40 articles met the inclusion criteria. All selected studies discussed CPTSD, with 40 directly addressing the concept. Four theoretical frameworks were identified as key: Herman's concept of CPTSD, Disorders of Extreme Stress Not Otherwise Specified, Developmental Trauma Disorder, and ICD-11 criteria. Overall, CPTSD is consistently referred to as a psychopathological consequence of exposure to adversity. This scoping review highlights that the concept of CPTSD has been evolving for nearly 30 years. The findings confirm that CPTSD is a distinct psychiatric disorder, now formally recognized by the ICD-11, which typically occurs following exposure to one or more stressors under specific conditions.

A meta-analysis published in 2015 demonstrated a significant association between bullying victimization (BV) in school and workplace settings and the onset of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. However, a recent theoretical review showed that the consequences of BV are much more complex than the traditional PTSD criteria. The authors argue that two potential diagnoses ought to be considered in the context of BV: developmental trauma disorder (DTD) and complex post-traumatic stress disorder (CPTSD). This systematic review aims to synthesize the results regarding the relationship between BV and these two complex trauma symptoms. Following PRISMA guidelines, systematic searches were conducted in seven electronic databases in March 2024. We searched for Portuguese or English quantitative published studies, or unpublished quantitative master's or doctoral theses. In total, 1056 studies were identified, and 12 were considered eligible. Ten were cross-sectional, and two were longitudinal. Five had youth samples, whereas seven had adult samples. Most studies presented a low risk of bias. No studies were found that aimed to assess the relationship between BV and DTD symptoms. In contrast, a significant positive relationship between BV and CPTSD symptoms in youth and adult populations was found. BV was particularly associated with CPTSD, but not with PTSD in both populations. Only one study found that BV was not a predictor of CPTSD status in a Danish adult population. The results reveal that BV might be associated with a more complex symptomatology. However, it is still not possible to assert the causal link between BV and DTD/CPTSD.

Addressing sexual and reproductive health (SRH) needs following sexual violence (SV) can prevent serious health repercussions and enhance a survivor's quality of life. However, many survivors are unaware of the support available at SRH services or that it applies to them. This systematic review evaluates the acceptability and effectiveness of advertising strategies used by SRH services to promote care following SV and identifies factors that influence their success. Following the Centre for Review and Dissemination guidelines, studies were identified through searches in EMBASE, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Web of Science, and PsycINFO, and supplemented by grey literature sources. A narrative synthesis was conducted. The methodological quality of included studies was assessed using the Mixed-Methods Appraisal Tool. Searches revealed 5,088 potentially relevant publications, with eight eligible studies included. Advertising strategies for SV support services included print and digital resources. Of the two studies that reported quantitative outcomes, one indicated that print posters placed in high-traffic areas increased service awareness. Wording that included informative and supportive content was identified as a key consideration when designing advertisements in most qualitative studies. The advertising medium, wording, and location impacted the acceptability and effectiveness of advertising strategies. Methodological quality varied across studies. Qualitative and randomized controlled trial studies demonstrated a low risk of bias. The limited sexual, gender, and ethnic diversity of study participants restricts generalizability and interpretation of our findings. SRH services should consider how best to promote care and support following SV in terms of media, wording, and imagery. Utilizing a social marketing approach, incorporating multiple concurrent advertising methods may best reach diverse audiences.