Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2026-01-07DOI: 10.1016/S2352-4642(25)00384-0
The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health
{"title":"Keeping children and young people safe in all their spaces","authors":"The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health","doi":"10.1016/S2352-4642(25)00384-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2352-4642(25)00384-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54238,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Child & Adolescent Health","volume":"10 2","pages":"Page 71"},"PeriodicalIF":15.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145908875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/S2352-4642(25)00282-2
Luo Li MPH , Prof Susan M Sawyer MD , Holly Newby MA , Laura Dunstan PhD , Prof Peter S Azzopardi PhD
Efforts to promote adolescent wellbeing are of increasing global interest. Although the ability to measure wellbeing is essential for identifying disparities between and within populations, and for tracking progress in improving wellbeing, the best way to measure this elusive concept in adolescents is unclear. We undertook a scoping review of quantitative measures of subjective wellbeing to identify those used in population studies of adolescents (aged 10–24 years), and mapped the identified measures against an adolescent wellbeing framework developed by the UN H6+ Technical Working Group on Adolescent Health and Well-Being. We also reviewed global surveys of adolescents to identify how wellbeing was measured, and synthesised available data to show the utility of these measures. Our review identified 52 unique measures that had been used with adolescents, of which 19 had been designed or adapted specifically for adolescents. The identified measures aligned reasonably well with the five domains of the UN framework, except for the domain of safety and a supportive environment. KIDSCREEN-52 was the most comprehensive of the identified measures. The single-item Cantril Ladder of life satisfaction has been widely used in multicountry population surveys, and available data showed wide variation by age, gender, and location. In summary, this Review shows that many measures have been used to measure wellbeing in adolescents, although fewer were specifically designed or adapted to use with adolescents. These findings support scalable efforts to quantify wellbeing, which is an important foundation of investments to enhance adolescent wellbeing.
{"title":"Quantitative measures of subjective wellbeing for adolescents: a scoping review and synthesis of comparable data","authors":"Luo Li MPH , Prof Susan M Sawyer MD , Holly Newby MA , Laura Dunstan PhD , Prof Peter S Azzopardi PhD","doi":"10.1016/S2352-4642(25)00282-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2352-4642(25)00282-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Efforts to promote adolescent wellbeing are of increasing global interest. Although the ability to measure wellbeing is essential for identifying disparities between and within populations, and for tracking progress in improving wellbeing, the best way to measure this elusive concept in adolescents is unclear. We undertook a scoping review of quantitative measures of subjective wellbeing to identify those used in population studies of adolescents (aged 10–24 years), and mapped the identified measures against an adolescent wellbeing framework developed by the UN H6+ Technical Working Group on Adolescent Health and Well-Being. We also reviewed global surveys of adolescents to identify how wellbeing was measured, and synthesised available data to show the utility of these measures. Our review identified 52 unique measures that had been used with adolescents, of which 19 had been designed or adapted specifically for adolescents. The identified measures aligned reasonably well with the five domains of the UN framework, except for the domain of safety and a supportive environment. KIDSCREEN-52 was the most comprehensive of the identified measures. The single-item Cantril Ladder of life satisfaction has been widely used in multicountry population surveys, and available data showed wide variation by age, gender, and location. In summary, this Review shows that many measures have been used to measure wellbeing in adolescents, although fewer were specifically designed or adapted to use with adolescents. These findings support scalable efforts to quantify wellbeing, which is an important foundation of investments to enhance adolescent wellbeing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54238,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Child & Adolescent Health","volume":"10 2","pages":"Pages 135-146"},"PeriodicalIF":15.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145657383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-11-07DOI: 10.1016/S2352-4642(25)00308-6
Pierre Goussard , Jacques Janson , Ernst Eber , Fiona Kritzinger , André Gie , Savvas Andronikou
{"title":"Surgical and endoscopic management of paediatric pulmonary tuberculosis: a case for decompression","authors":"Pierre Goussard , Jacques Janson , Ernst Eber , Fiona Kritzinger , André Gie , Savvas Andronikou","doi":"10.1016/S2352-4642(25)00308-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2352-4642(25)00308-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54238,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Child & Adolescent Health","volume":"10 1","pages":"Pages 7-8"},"PeriodicalIF":15.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145461813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-11-12DOI: 10.1016/S2352-4642(25)00281-0
Jiali Zhou PhD , Shiyi Shan MPH , Jing Wu MPH , Yuan Song MNS , Longzhu Zhu MS , Qingying Li BD , Chenhao Zhang MS , Prof Yajie Zhu PhD , Prof Aziz Sheikh MD , Prof Kazem Rahimi FRCP , Peige Song PhD , Prof Igor Rudan MD
<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Childhood hypertension is an important global public health issue, but prevalence estimates remain inconsistent. To date, no meta-analysis has synthesised global prevalence using both in-office blood pressure measurements and combined in-office and out-of-office assessments. We aimed to provide updated global prevalence estimates of childhood hypertension using both diagnostic approaches.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this systematic review and analysis, we searched PubMed, Embase, and MEDLINE for population-based studies published between Jan 1, 2000, and April 19, 2025, reporting the prevalence of hypertension in the general paediatric population aged 19 years or younger. This was supplemented by eligible studies identified from relevant systematic reviews and manual reference screening. Two reviewers independently screened records for eligibility, extracted study-level data, and assessed the risk of bias. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to estimate pooled prevalence. Subgroup analyses were performed by age, sex, setting (urban <em>vs</em> rural), device, investigation period, BMI group, and WHO and World Bank regions. Meta-regression was performed to examine age-specific prevalence, sex-specific prevalence, and secular trends. Primary outcomes were the prevalence of childhood hypertension assessed using repeated in-office blood pressure measurements based on at least three separate occasions (in-office approach) and a combination of in-office and out-of-office blood pressure measurements (combination approach). This study was registered with PROSPERO, CRD420251057655.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>We identified 11 703 records from database searches, supplemented by 87 articles retrieved from relevant systematic reviews and manual reference screening. Ultimately, 96 articles met the inclusion criteria, all of which were rated with quality scores of at least 5. For the in-office approach, 83 articles included a total of 443 914 children and adolescents across 21 countries. Based on 81 articles, the pooled prevalence of childhood hypertension was 4·28% (95% CI 3·71–4·90). Prevalence increased with age, peaking at 14 years before declining. Between 2000 and 2020, the prevalence of childhood hypertension nearly doubled, increasing from 3·40% (95% CI 2·14–5·34) to 6·53% (4·17–10·07) in boys and from 3·02% (1·90–4·75) to 5·82% (3·71–9·01) in girls. Regarding the combination approach, 15 articles included 12 597 children and adolescents across nine countries. The pooled prevalence was 6·67% (95% CI 1·66–14·53) for sustained hypertension based on five articles.</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>Childhood hypertension affects a substantial and growing proportion of the global paediatric population, with prevalence varying considerably by diagnostic approach. These findings underscore the need for harmonised diagnostic criteria in paediatric hypertension research.</div></div><div><h3>Funding<
儿童高血压是一个重要的全球公共卫生问题，但患病率估计仍不一致。迄今为止，还没有荟萃分析综合了办公室内血压测量和办公室内外联合评估的全球患病率。我们的目的是使用这两种诊断方法提供最新的全球儿童高血压患病率估计。方法在这项系统评价和分析中，我们检索了PubMed、Embase和MEDLINE，检索了2000年1月1日至2025年4月19日期间发表的基于人群的研究，这些研究报告了19岁或以下的普通儿科人群中高血压的患病率。通过相关系统评价和人工参考筛选确定的符合条件的研究作为补充。两名审稿人独立筛选合格记录，提取研究水平数据，并评估偏倚风险。随机效应荟萃分析用于估计合并患病率。按年龄、性别、环境（城市与农村）、设备、调查期间、BMI组以及世卫组织和世界银行所在地区进行亚组分析。采用meta回归来检查特定年龄的患病率、特定性别的患病率和长期趋势。主要结局是儿童高血压的患病率评估，使用至少三个独立场合的反复办公室血压测量（办公室方法）和办公室内外血压测量的结合（联合方法）。本研究注册号为PROSPERO， CRD420251057655。结果：我们从数据库检索中确定了11703条记录，并从相关系统综述和人工参考文献筛选中检索了87篇文章。最终，96篇文章符合纳入标准，所有文章的质量评分至少为5分。对于在职方法，83篇文章共包括21个国家的443 914名儿童和青少年。基于81篇文章，儿童高血压的总患病率为4.28% （95% CI 3.71 ~ 1.90）。患病率随着年龄的增长而增加，在14岁时达到峰值，然后下降。2000年至2020年间，儿童高血压患病率几乎翻了一番，男孩从3.40% （95% CI 2.14 - 5.34）增加到6.53%(4.17 - 10.07)，女孩从3.02%（1.90 - 4.75）增加到5.82%（3.71 - 9.01）。关于联合方法，15篇文章包括9个国家的12597名儿童和青少年。根据5篇文献，持续高血压的总患病率为6.67% （95% CI 1.66 - 14.53）。儿童高血压影响了全球儿科人口中相当大且不断增长的比例，其患病率因诊断方法而异。这些发现强调了在儿科高血压研究中统一诊断标准的必要性。国家自然科学基金。
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Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-12-02DOI: 10.1016/S2352-4642(25)00347-5
Peter Ranscombe
{"title":"Asking the big questions about health inequalities","authors":"Peter Ranscombe","doi":"10.1016/S2352-4642(25)00347-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2352-4642(25)00347-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54238,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Child & Adolescent Health","volume":"10 1","pages":"Page 9"},"PeriodicalIF":15.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145652083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Childhood hypertension: a growing global concern in need of harmonised solutions","authors":"Rahul Chanchlani , Carissa Baker-Smith , Ruan Kruger","doi":"10.1016/S2352-4642(25)00309-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2352-4642(25)00309-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54238,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Child & Adolescent Health","volume":"10 1","pages":"Pages 2-3"},"PeriodicalIF":15.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145498816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-12-02DOI: 10.1016/S2352-4642(25)00303-7
<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Child growth failure (CGF), which includes underweight, wasting, and stunting, is among the factors most strongly associated with mortality and morbidity in children younger than 5 years worldwide. Poor height and bodyweight gain arise from a variety of biological and sociodemographic factors and are associated with increased vulnerability to infectious diseases. We used data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2023 to estimate CGF prevalence, the risk of infectious diseases associated with CGF, and the disease mortality, morbidity, and overall burden associated with CGF.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this analysis we estimated the all-cause and cause-specific (diarrhoea, lower respiratory tract infections, malaria, and measles) disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) lost and mortality associated with stunting, wasting, underweight, and CGF in aggregate. We combined the burden associated with mild, moderate, and severe forms of CGF: stunting was defined as height-for-age Z scores (HAZ) less than –1, underweight was defined as weight-for-age Z scores (WAZ) less than –1, and wasting was defined as weight-for-height Z scores (WHZ) less than –1, according to WHO Child Growth Standards. Population-level continuous distributions of HAZ, WAZ, and WHZ were estimated for 2000 to 2023 using data from surveys, literature, and individual-level study data. The risk of incidence of, and mortality due to, diarrhoea, lower respiratory infections, malaria, and measles was separately estimated in a meta-regression framework from longitudinal cohort data for Z scores less than –1. Finally, fatal outcomes associated with these diseases were estimated with vital registration, verbal autopsy, and case-fatality data, while non-fatal outcomes were estimated with surveys as well as health-care utilisation and case reporting data. The exposure prevalence and relative risk estimates were from continuous distributions, allowing for direct assessment of the attributable fractions for mild, moderate, and severe stunting, underweight, wasting, and the combined impact of child growth failure within populations. All estimates were age-specific, sex-specific, geography-specific, and year-specific.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>We estimated that, in children younger than 5 years in 2023, CGF was associated with 79·4 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 47·0–106) DALYs lost and 880 000 (517 000–1 170 000) deaths. This represented 17·9% (10·6–23·8) of 444 million (434–457) total under-5 DALYs and 18·8% (11·1–25·0) of all 4·67 million (4·59–4·75) under-5 deaths. Compared to stunting (33·0 million [24·1–42·2] DALYs, 373 000 [272 000–477 000] deaths) and wasting (39·2 million [23·8–53·0] DALYs, 428 000 [256 000–583 000] deaths), childhood underweight was associated with the largest share of CGF-related disease burden: 52·2 million (21·9–75·1) DALYs and 573 000 (236 000–824 000) deaths in children yo
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