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Protecting children with disabilities in armed conflict 保护武装冲突中的残疾儿童。
IF 19.9 1区 医学 Q1 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2024-06-18 DOI: 10.1016/S2352-4642(24)00129-9
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引用次数: 0
Intersectionality, gender norms, and young adolescents in context: a review of longitudinal multicountry research programmes to shape future action 交叉性、性别规范和背景下的青少年:对多国纵向研究计划的审查,以指导未来的行动
IF 36.4 1区 医学 Q1 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2024-06-17 DOI: 10.1016/S2352-4642(24)00079-8
Prerna Banati PhD , Nicola Jones PhD , Caroline Moreau PhD , Kristin Mmari PhD , Anna Kågesten PhD , Karen Austrian PhD , Rebecka Lundgren PhD

Discriminatory gender norms can intersect and interact with other dimensions of discrimination—such as age, race, ethnicity, disability, education status, and sexual orientation—to shape individuals’ experiences and impact their health and wellbeing. This interaction is referred to as intersectionality. Although the theory has been in circulation since the late 1980s, only recently has it gained traction in low-income and middle-income settings, and it has yet to fully penetrate global research on adolescence. The social and structural intersectional drivers of adolescent health and wellbeing, particularly during early adolescence (age 10–14 years), are poorly understood. The evidence base for designing effective interventions for this formative period of life is therefore relatively small. In this Review, we examine how gender intersects with other forms of disadvantage in the early stages of adolescence. Analysing data from hybrid observation–intervention longitudinal studies with young adolescents in 16 countries, our aim is to inform the health and wellbeing of girls and boys from a range of social contexts, including in conflict settings. Adolescents’ perceptions about gender norms vary by context, depend on individual opinion, and are shaped by socioecological drivers of gender inequalities in health. Shifting those perceptions is therefore challenging. We argue for the importance of applying an intersectionality lens to improve health and wellbeing outcomes for young adolescents and conclude with five practical recommendations for programme design and research.

歧视性的性别规范会与其他方面的歧视--如年龄、种族、民族、残疾、教育状况和性取向--相互交织和影响,从而塑造个人的经历,影响他们的健康和福祉。这种相互作用被称为交叉性。虽然这一理论自 20 世纪 80 年代末就开始流传,但直到最近才在低收入和中等收入环境中得到推广,而且尚未完全渗透到全球青少年研究中。人们对青少年健康和幸福的社会和结构性交叉驱动因素,尤其是青春期早期(10-14 岁)的驱动因素,了解甚少。因此,为这一人生成长期设计有效干预措施的证据基础相对较小。在这篇综述中,我们研究了在青春期早期阶段,性别是如何与其他形式的不利因素交织在一起的。我们分析了来自 16 个国家的青少年混合观察-干预纵向研究的数据,目的是为来自各种社会环境(包括冲突环境)的女孩和男孩的健康和福祉提供信息。青少年对性别规范的看法因环境而异,取决于个人观点,并受健康方面性别不平等的社会生态因素的影响。因此,转变这些观念具有挑战性。我们认为,应用交叉性视角来改善青少年的健康和福祉成果非常重要,最后我们为项目设计和研究提出了五项实用建议。
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引用次数: 0
“Complicated feelings of home”: stories of child migration to the UK "复杂的家国情怀":儿童移民英国的故事
IF 36.4 1区 医学 Q1 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2024-06-17 DOI: 10.1016/S2352-4642(24)00138-X
Catherine Lucas
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引用次数: 0
Comparative physiological effects of antipsychotic drugs in children and young people: a network meta-analysis 抗精神病药物对儿童和青少年生理效应的比较:网络荟萃分析
IF 36.4 1区 医学 Q1 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2024-06-17 DOI: 10.1016/S2352-4642(24)00098-1
Maria Rogdaki MRCPsych , Robert A McCutcheon MRCPsych , Enrico D'Ambrosio MD , Valentina Mancini PhD , Cameron J Watson MD , Jack B Fanshawe MBChB , Richard Carr MD , Laurence Telesia MRCPsych , Maria Giulia Martini MD , Aaron Philip MRCPsych , Barnabas J Gilbert MRCPsych , Gonzalo Salazar-de-Pablo MD , Marinos Kyriakopoulos FRCPsych , Prof Dan Siskind MD , Prof Christoph U Correll MD , Prof Andrea Cipriani MD , Orestis Efthimiou PhD , Prof Oliver D Howes MRCPsych , Toby Pillinger MRCPsych
<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The degree of physiological responses to individual antipsychotic drugs is unclear in children and adolescents. With network meta-analysis, we aimed to investigate the effects of various antipsychotic medications on physiological variables in children and adolescents with neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental conditions.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>For this network meta-analysis, we searched Medline, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Scopus from database inception until Dec 22, 2023, and included randomised controlled trials comparing antipsychotics with placebo in children or adolescents younger than 18 years with any neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental condition. Primary outcomes were mean change from baseline to end of acute treatment in bodyweight, BMI, fasting glucose, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, prolactin, heart rate, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and QT interval corrected for heart rate (QTc) for patients receiving either active treatment or placebo. For multigroup trials reporting several doses, we calculated a summary value for each physiological variable for all doses. After transitivity assessment, we fitted frequentist random-effects network meta-analyses for all comparisons in the network. A Kilim plot was used to summarise the results for all treatments and outcomes, providing information regarding the strength of the statistical evidence of treatment effects, using p values. Network heterogeneity was assessed with τ, risk of bias of individual trials was assessed with the Cochrane Collaboration's Tool for Assessing Risk of Bias, and the credibility of findings from each network meta-analysis was assessed with the Confidence in Network Meta-Analysis (CINEMA) app. This study is registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021274393).</p></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><p>Of 6676 studies screened, 47 randomised controlled trials were included, which included 6500 children (mean age 13·29 years, SD 2·14) who received treatment for a median of 7 weeks (IQR 6–8) with either placebo (n=2134) or one of aripiprazole, asenapine, blonanserin, clozapine, haloperidol, lurasidone, molindone, olanzapine, paliperidone, pimozide, quetiapine, risperidone, or ziprasidone (n=4366). Mean differences for bodyweight change gain compared with placebo ranged from –2·00 kg (95% CI –3·61 to –0·39) with molindone to 5·60 kg (0·27 to 10·94) with haloperidol; BMI –0·70 kg/m<sup>2</sup> (–1·21 to –0·19) with molindone to 2·03 kg/m<sup>2</sup> (0·51 to 3·55) with quetiapine; total cholesterol –0·04 mmol/L (–0·39 to 0·31) with blonanserin to 0·35 mmol/L (0·17 to 0·53) with quetiapine; LDL cholesterol –0·12 mmol/L (–0·31 to 0·07) with risperidone or paliperidone to 0·17 mmol/L (–0·06 to 0·40) with olanzapine; HDL cholesterol 0·05 mmol/L (–0·19 to 0·30) with quetiapine to 0·48 mmol/L (0·18 to 0·78) with risperidone or paliperidone; triglycerides –0·03 mmol/L (–0·12 to 0·06) with lurasidone to 0·29 mmol/L
背景儿童和青少年对各种抗精神病药物的生理反应程度尚不清楚。为了进行这项网络荟萃分析,我们检索了 Medline、EMBASE、PsycINFO、Web of Science 和 Scopus,检索时间从数据库建立之初到 2023 年 12 月 22 日,并纳入了在 18 岁以下患有任何神经精神疾病和神经发育疾病的儿童或青少年中比较抗精神病药物与安慰剂的随机对照试验。主要结果是接受积极治疗或安慰剂的患者的体重、体重指数、空腹血糖、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、甘油三酯、催乳素、心率、收缩压 (SBP) 和根据心率校正的 QT 间期 (QTc) 从基线到急性治疗结束的平均变化。对于报告了多个剂量的多组试验,我们计算了所有剂量下每个生理变量的汇总值。在进行转换性评估后,我们对网络中的所有比较进行了频数随机效应网络荟萃分析。基利姆图用于总结所有治疗方法和结果的结果,使用 p 值提供有关治疗效果统计证据强度的信息。网络异质性采用τ进行评估,个别试验的偏倚风险采用Cochrane合作组织的偏倚风险评估工具进行评估,每个网络荟萃分析结果的可信度采用网络荟萃分析置信度(CINEMA)应用程序进行评估。本研究已在 PROSPERO(CRD42021274393)上注册。研究结果在筛选出的 6676 项研究中,47 项随机对照试验被纳入其中,共纳入 6500 名儿童(平均年龄 13-29 岁,SD 2-14 岁),他们接受了安慰剂(n=2134)或阿立哌唑(n=2134)治疗,治疗时间中位数为 7 周(IQR 6-8)、阿塞那平、布洛南色林、氯氮平、氟哌啶醇、鲁拉西酮、莫林酮、奥氮平、帕利哌酮、匹莫齐德、喹硫平、利培酮或齐拉西酮中的一种(n=4366)。与安慰剂相比,体重增加变化的平均差异为:莫林酮-2-00千克(95% CI -3-61至-0-39),氟哌啶醇-5-60千克(0-27至10-94);BMI:莫林酮-0-70千克/平方米(-1-21至-0-19),喹硫平-2-03千克/平方米(0-51至3-55);总胆固醇-0-04 毫摩尔/升(-0-39 至 0-31)(使用布洛南色林)至 0-35 毫摩尔/升(0-17 至 0-53)(使用喹硫平);低密度脂蛋白胆固醇-0-12 毫摩尔/升(-0-31 至 0-07)(使用利培酮或帕利哌酮)至 0-17 毫摩尔/升(-0-06 至 0-40)(使用奥氮平);高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 喹硫平为 0-05 毫摩尔/升(-0-19 至 0-30),利培酮或帕利哌酮为 0-48 毫摩尔/升(0-18 至 0-78);甘油三酯:使用鲁拉西酮为-0-03 毫摩尔/升(-0-12 至 0-06),使用奥氮平为 0-29 毫摩尔/升(0-14 至 0-44);空腹血糖:使用布隆色林为-0-09 毫摩尔/升(-1-45 至 1-28),使用喹硫平为 0-74 毫摩尔/升(0-04 至 1-43);使用阿立哌唑时,催乳素从-2-83 纳克/毫升(-8-42 至 2-75)升至使用利培酮或帕利哌酮时的 26-40 纳克/毫升(21-13 至 31-67);心率:齐拉西酮为-0-20 bpm(-8-11 至 7-71),喹硫平为 12-42 bpm(3-83 至 21-01);SBP:齐拉西酮为-3-40 mm Hg(-6-25 至 -0-55),喹硫平为 10-04 mm Hg(5-56 至 14-51);QTc:皮莫齐德为-0-61 ms(-1-47 至 0-26),齐拉西酮为 0-30 ms(-0-05 至 0-65)。解释儿童和青少年对各种抗精神病药物的生理反应各不相同,但都具有临床意义。针对患有各种神经精神疾病和神经发育疾病的儿童和青少年的治疗指南应予以更新,以反映每种抗精神病药物在相关代谢变化、催乳素改变和血流动力学改变方面的独特特征。资助机构英国医学科学院、大脑与行为研究基金会、英国国家健康研究所、莫兹利慈善机构、惠康基金会、医学研究委员会、伦敦国王学院国家健康与护理研究所生物医学中心、南伦敦和莫兹利 NHS 基金会、意大利大学与研究部、意大利国家恢复与复原计划以及瑞士国家科学基金会。
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引用次数: 0
School performance in children with prenatal drug exposure and out-of-home care in NSW, Australia: a retrospective population-based cohort study 澳大利亚新南威尔士州产前接触毒品和家庭外照料儿童的学校成绩:基于人群的回顾性队列研究
IF 36.4 1区 医学 Q1 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2024-06-17 DOI: 10.1016/S2352-4642(24)00076-2
Hannah Uebel MD , Mithilesh Dronavalli MPhil , Kate Lawler BSc , Evelyn Lee PhD , Barbara Bajuk MPH , Lucinda Burns PhD , Andrew Page PhD , Michelle Dickson PhD , Charles Green PhD , Lauren Dicair , Prof John Eastwood PhD , Ju Lee Oei MD
<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Prenatal drug exposure (PDE) is a global public health problem that is strongly associated with the need for child protection services, including placement into out-of-home care (OOHC). We aimed to assess school outcomes for children with PDE (both with and without neonatal abstinence syndrome [NAS]) and the association of school performance with OOHC.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Using linked population health, OOHC, and school test data, we compared results on the Australian standardised curriculum-based test, the National Assessment Program—Literacy and Numeracy (NAPLAN), for children with PDE who were born in New South Wales (NSW) between 2001 and 2020 and had completed at least one NAPLAN test between Jan 1, 2008, and June 30, 2021, administered in Year 3 (age 8–9 years), Year 5 (age 10–11 years), Year 7 (age 12–13 years), or Year 9 (age 14–15 years). Linked datasets included NSW Perinatal Data Collection (birth data), NSW Admitted Patient Data Collection (hospital diagnoses), NSW Education Standards Authority (NAPLAN scores), NSW Family and Community Services Dataset—KiDS Data Collection (OOHC information), NSW Mental Health Ambulatory Data Collection, and NSW Registry for Births, Deaths, and Marriages. The primary outcome was scoring above or below the National Minimum Standard (NMS) in any test domain (mathematics, language, writing, and spelling) at each year level, comparing the relative risk of scoring below NMS between children with and without PDE (and with or without NAS within the PDE group), and with and without OOHC contact. The association between OOHC on the likelihood of scoring above NMS was also investigated for PDE and non-PDE cohorts.</p></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><p>The PDE cohort included 3836 children, and the non-PDE cohort included 897 487 children. Within the PDE cohort, 3192 children had a NAS diagnosis and 644 children had no NAS diagnosis. 1755 (45·8%) children with PDE required OOHC compared with 12 880 (1·4%) of 897 487 children without PDE. Children with PDE were more likely than children without PDE to score below NMS in any domain from Year 3 (risk ratio 2·72 [95% CI 2·58–2·76]) to Year 9 (2·36 [2·22–2·50]). Performance was similar regardless of a NAS diagnosis (Year 3: 0·96 [0·84–1·10]; Year 9: 0·98 [0·84–1·15]). The likelihood of scoring above NMS in Year 9 was reduced for children with PDE and without NAS (0·57 [0·45–0·73]) and NAS (0·58 [0·52–0·64]) compared with those without PDE, and also for children who received OOHC (0·60 [0·57–0·64]) compared with those without OOHC, when adjusted for confounders. Among children with PDE, those receiving OOHC had a similar likelihood of scoring above NMS compared with children who did not receive OOHC, from Year 3 (1·01 [0·92–1·11]) to Year 9 (0·90 [0·73–1·10]), when adjusted for confounding factors. By contrast, among children without PDE, those receiving OOHC were less likely to score above NMS than those who did not receive OOHC, f
背景产前药物暴露(PDE)是一个全球性的公共卫生问题,它与儿童保护服务的需求密切相关,包括家庭外照料(OOHC)。我们的目的是评估 PDE 儿童(包括患有和未患有新生儿禁欲综合征 [NAS])的学校成绩,以及学校成绩与 OOHC 的关联。方法利用关联的人口健康、OOHC 和学校测试数据,我们比较了 2001 年至 2020 年期间出生在新南威尔士州(NSW)、在 2008 年 1 月 1 日至 2021 年 6 月 30 日期间至少完成过一次 NAPLAN 测试的 PDE 患儿在澳大利亚标准化课程测试--全国识字和计算能力评估计划(NAPLAN)--中的成绩,这些测试分别在 3 年级(8-9 岁)、5 年级(10-11 岁)、7 年级(12-13 岁)或 9 年级(14-15 岁)进行。关联数据集包括新南威尔士州围产期数据收集(出生数据)、新南威尔士州住院病人数据收集(医院诊断)、新南威尔士州教育标准局(NAPLAN 分数)、新南威尔士州家庭和社区服务数据集-KiDS 数据收集(OOHC 信息)、新南威尔士州心理健康流动数据收集以及新南威尔士州出生、死亡和婚姻登记处。主要结果是各年级在任何测试领域(数学、语言、写作和拼写)的得分高于或低于国家最低标准(NMS),比较有和没有PDE(PDE组中有或没有NAS)以及有和没有OOHC接触的儿童得分低于NMS的相对风险。此外,还调查了PDE队列和非PDE队列中OOHC与高于NMS评分的可能性之间的关系。在PDE队列中,3192名儿童被诊断为NAS,644名儿童未被诊断为NAS。在 897 487 名儿童中,有 1755 名(45%-8%)患有 PDE 的儿童需要进行 OOHC,而没有 PDE 的儿童有 12880 名(1%-4%)需要进行 OOHC。从第 3 年(风险比为 2-72 [95% CI 2-58-2-76])到第 9 年(2-36 [2-22-2-50]),患有 PDE 的儿童比未患有 PDE 的儿童更有可能在任何领域得分低于 NMS。无论是否确诊为 NAS,其表现都相似(第 3 年:0-96 [0-84-1-10];第 9 年:0-98 [0-84-1-15])。在对混杂因素进行调整后,与没有PDE的儿童相比,有PDE但没有NAS的儿童(0-57 [0-45-0-73])和NAS儿童(0-58 [0-52-0-64])在第9年得分超过NMS的可能性降低了,与没有OOHC的儿童相比,接受OOHC的儿童(0-60 [0-57-0-64])得分超过NMS的可能性也降低了。在患有多动症的儿童中,经混杂因素调整后,与未接受 OOHC 治疗的儿童相比,接受 OOHC 治疗的儿童从三年级(1-01 [0-92-1-11])到九年级(0-90 [0-73-1-10])的得分高于 NMS 的可能性相似。相比之下,在没有PDE的儿童中,从3年级(0-78 [0-76-0-80])到9年级(0-58 [0-54-0-61]),接受OOHC治疗的儿童比未接受OOHC治疗的儿童得分高于NMS的可能性更小。无论是否患有 OOHC,成绩差的风险都持续存在。这一发现突出表明,所有患有多动症的儿童都需要接受长期、文化敏感和积极主动的支持,以提高生活成功率。资助SPHERE Mindgardens神经科学网络、澳大利亚红十字会、Alpha Maxx医疗保健公司、综合健康与社会护理卓越研究中心、国家健康与医学研究委员会和悉尼大学。
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引用次数: 0
Self-advocacy and barriers for young people accessing health care in the Scottish Highlands 苏格兰高地年轻人获得医疗服务的自我主张和障碍
IF 36.4 1区 医学 Q1 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2024-06-17 DOI: 10.1016/S2352-4642(24)00139-1
Hannah Eaton
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引用次数: 0
Olayinka Omigbodun: from tragedy to triumph 奥拉因卡-奥米格博敦:从悲剧到胜利
IF 36.4 1区 医学 Q1 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2024-06-17 DOI: 10.1016/S2352-4642(24)00137-8
Farooq Kazi, Ammara Mushtaq
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引用次数: 0
Securing health and wellbeing for children with albinism 确保白化病儿童的健康和福祉。
IF 19.9 1区 医学 Q1 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2024-06-12 DOI: 10.1016/S2352-4642(24)00136-6
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引用次数: 0
Bonface Massah: changemaker and defender for children with albinism Bonface Massah:白化病儿童的变革者和捍卫者。
IF 19.9 1区 医学 Q1 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2024-06-12 DOI: 10.1016/S2352-4642(24)00162-7
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引用次数: 0
Opportunities to accelerate progress in infant mental health 加快婴儿心理健康进步的机遇。
IF 19.9 1区 医学 Q1 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2024-06-10 DOI: 10.1016/S2352-4642(24)00131-7
{"title":"Opportunities to accelerate progress in infant mental health","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S2352-4642(24)00131-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2352-4642(24)00131-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54238,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Child & Adolescent Health","volume":"8 8","pages":"Pages 551-552"},"PeriodicalIF":19.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141319442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
Lancet Child & Adolescent Health
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