Pub Date : 2024-05-20DOI: 10.1016/S2352-4642(24)00099-3
Ozge Sensoy Bahar , Alice Boateng , Abdallah Ibrahim , Mary M McKay , Fred M Ssewamala
{"title":"Adolescent girls at the intersection of poverty, migration, and gender","authors":"Ozge Sensoy Bahar , Alice Boateng , Abdallah Ibrahim , Mary M McKay , Fred M Ssewamala","doi":"10.1016/S2352-4642(24)00099-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2352-4642(24)00099-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54238,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Child & Adolescent Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":36.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141088156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-14DOI: 10.1016/S2352-4642(24)00105-6
Ari Horton
{"title":"Lipoprotein apheresis and long-term cardiovascular health: a real answer for children with HoFH?","authors":"Ari Horton","doi":"10.1016/S2352-4642(24)00105-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2352-4642(24)00105-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54238,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Child & Adolescent Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":36.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141043949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-14DOI: 10.1016/S2352-4642(24)00073-7
M Doortje Reijman MD , Tycho R Tromp PhD , Barbara A Hutten PhD , Prof G Kees Hovingh PhD , Dirk J Blom PhD , Prof Alberico L Catapano PhD , Marina Cuchel PhD , Prof Eldad J Dann MD , Antonio Gallo PhD , Lisa C Hudgins MD , Prof Frederick J Raal PhD , Prof Kausik K Ray FMedSci , Fouzia Sadiq PhD , Handrean Soran MD , Prof Jaap W Groothoff PhD , Albert Wiegman PhD , D Meeike Kusters PhD , Homozygous Familial Hypercholesterolaemia International Clinical Collaborators (HICC) , Children with Homozygous Hypercholesterolemia on Lipoprotein Apheresis: an International Registry (CHAIN) consortia
Background
Homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (HoFH) is a rare genetic disease characterised by extremely high plasma LDL cholesterol from birth, causing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease at a young age. Lipoprotein apheresis in combination with lipid-lowering drugs effectively reduce LDL cholesterol, but long-term health outcomes of such treatment are unknown. We aimed to investigate the long-term cardiovascular outcomes associated with lipoprotein apheresis initiated in childhood or adolescence.
Methods
In this cohort study, data were drawn from the HoFH International Clinical Collaboration (HICC) and the international registry for Children with Homozygous Hypercholesterolemia on Lipoprotein Apheresis (CHAIN). An overall cohort included patients diagnosed with HoFH aged 0–18 years who were alive and in follow-up between Jan 1, 2010, and Nov 8, 2021, and whose high plasma LDL cholesterol concentrations made them eligible for lipoprotein apheresis. To compare cardiovascular outcomes, patients who initiated lipoprotein apheresis in childhood (lipoprotein apheresis group) and patients who only received lipid-lowering drugs (pharmacotherapy-only group) were matched by sex and untreated plasma LDL cholesterol concentrations. The primary outcome was a composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, ischaemic stroke, percutaneous coronary intervention, coronary artery bypass grafting, aortic valve replacement, peripheral artery disease, carotid endarterectomy, angina pectoris, and supra-aortic or aortic stenosis (collectively referred to as atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease), for which survival analyses were performed in the matched cohort. Cox regression analyses were used to compare disease-free survival between cohorts and to calculate hazard ratio (HR) and 95% CI adjusted for sex, age at diagnosis, untreated plasma LDL cholesterol concentration, and number of lipid-lowering therapies other than lipoprotein apheresis.
Findings
The overall cohort included 404 patients with a median age at diagnosis of 6·0 years (IQR 3·0–9·5) and median untreated plasma LDL cholesterol of 17·8 mmol/L (14·7–20·8). The matched cohorts included 250 patients (125 patients per group), with a median untreated LDL cholesterol of 17·2 mmol/L (14·8–19·7). Mean reduction in plasma LDL cholesterol concentrations between baseline and final follow-up was greater in the lipoprotein apheresis group (–55% [95% CI –60 to –51] vs –31% [–36 to –25]; p<0·0001). Patients in the lipoprotein apheresis group had longer atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease-free survival (adjusted HR 0·52 [95% CI 0·32–0·85]) and longer cardiovascular death-free survival (0·0301 [0·0021–0·4295]). Cardiovascular death was more common in the pharmacotherapy-only group than in the lipoprotein apheresis group (ten [8%] vs one [1%]; p=0·010), whereas median age at coronary artery bypass grafting was lo
背景杂合子家族性高胆固醇血症(HoFH)是一种罕见的遗传性疾病,其特点是出生时血浆中的低密度脂蛋白胆固醇就极高,导致患者在年轻时就患上动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病。脂蛋白清除术与降脂药物联合使用可有效降低低密度脂蛋白胆固醇,但这种治疗的长期健康效果尚不清楚。方法在这项队列研究中,数据来自HoFH国际临床合作组织(HICC)和 "接受脂蛋白清除术的高胆固醇血症儿童 "国际登记处(CHAIN)。总体队列包括2010年1月1日至2021年11月8日期间存活并接受随访的0-18岁确诊为HoFH的患者,这些患者的血浆低密度脂蛋白胆固醇浓度较高,因此符合脂蛋白分离治疗的条件。为了比较心血管预后,在儿童期开始接受脂蛋白清除术的患者(脂蛋白清除术组)和只接受降脂药物治疗的患者(单纯药物治疗组)按性别和未经治疗的血浆低密度脂蛋白胆固醇浓度进行了配对。主要结果是心血管死亡、心肌梗死、缺血性中风、经皮冠状动脉介入治疗、冠状动脉旁路移植术、主动脉瓣置换术、外周动脉疾病、颈动脉内膜切除术、心绞痛、主动脉上或主动脉狭窄(统称为动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病)的综合结果,并对匹配队列进行生存分析。结果总体队列包括 404 名患者,诊断时的中位年龄为 6-0 岁(IQR 3-0-9-5),未经治疗的血浆低密度脂蛋白胆固醇中位数为 17-8 mmol/L (14-7-20-8)。配对队列包括 250 名患者(每组 125 名患者),未经治疗的低密度脂蛋白胆固醇中位数为 17-2 mmol/L (14-8-19-7)。脂蛋白分离组患者从基线到最终随访期间血浆低密度脂蛋白胆固醇浓度的平均降幅更大(-55% [95% CI -60至-51] vs -31% [-36至-25];p<0-0001)。脂蛋白清除组患者无动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病生存期更长(调整后 HR 0-52 [95% CI 0-32-0-85] ),无心血管疾病死亡生存期更长(0-0301 [0-0021-0-4295])。单纯药物治疗组心血管死亡的发生率高于脂蛋白分离组(10 [8%] vs 1 [1%];P=0-010),而脂蛋白分离组冠状动脉搭桥术的中位年龄低于单纯药物治疗组(15-0岁 [IQR 12-0-24-0] vs 30-5岁 [19-0-33-8];P=0-037)。解读在HoFH患者中,儿童和青少年时期开始进行脂蛋白清除术与降低动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病和死亡的长期风险有关,并且发现早期开始高频治疗对降低血浆胆固醇有明显益处。现在需要共识建议来指导更广泛、更及时地使用脂蛋白清除术治疗HoFH患儿,还需要开展研究来进一步优化治疗,确保早期积极治疗的益处与对生活质量的影响相平衡。
{"title":"Cardiovascular outcomes in patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia on lipoprotein apheresis initiated during childhood: long-term follow-up of an international cohort from two registries","authors":"M Doortje Reijman MD , Tycho R Tromp PhD , Barbara A Hutten PhD , Prof G Kees Hovingh PhD , Dirk J Blom PhD , Prof Alberico L Catapano PhD , Marina Cuchel PhD , Prof Eldad J Dann MD , Antonio Gallo PhD , Lisa C Hudgins MD , Prof Frederick J Raal PhD , Prof Kausik K Ray FMedSci , Fouzia Sadiq PhD , Handrean Soran MD , Prof Jaap W Groothoff PhD , Albert Wiegman PhD , D Meeike Kusters PhD , Homozygous Familial Hypercholesterolaemia International Clinical Collaborators (HICC) , Children with Homozygous Hypercholesterolemia on Lipoprotein Apheresis: an International Registry (CHAIN) consortia","doi":"10.1016/S2352-4642(24)00073-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2352-4642(24)00073-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (HoFH) is a rare genetic disease characterised by extremely high plasma LDL cholesterol from birth, causing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease at a young age. Lipoprotein apheresis in combination with lipid-lowering drugs effectively reduce LDL cholesterol, but long-term health outcomes of such treatment are unknown. We aimed to investigate the long-term cardiovascular outcomes associated with lipoprotein apheresis initiated in childhood or adolescence.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>In this cohort study, data were drawn from the HoFH International Clinical Collaboration (HICC) and the international registry for Children with Homozygous Hypercholesterolemia on Lipoprotein Apheresis (CHAIN). An overall cohort included patients diagnosed with HoFH aged 0–18 years who were alive and in follow-up between Jan 1, 2010, and Nov 8, 2021, and whose high plasma LDL cholesterol concentrations made them eligible for lipoprotein apheresis. To compare cardiovascular outcomes, patients who initiated lipoprotein apheresis in childhood (lipoprotein apheresis group) and patients who only received lipid-lowering drugs (pharmacotherapy-only group) were matched by sex and untreated plasma LDL cholesterol concentrations. The primary outcome was a composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, ischaemic stroke, percutaneous coronary intervention, coronary artery bypass grafting, aortic valve replacement, peripheral artery disease, carotid endarterectomy, angina pectoris, and supra-aortic or aortic stenosis (collectively referred to as atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease), for which survival analyses were performed in the matched cohort. Cox regression analyses were used to compare disease-free survival between cohorts and to calculate hazard ratio (HR) and 95% CI adjusted for sex, age at diagnosis, untreated plasma LDL cholesterol concentration, and number of lipid-lowering therapies other than lipoprotein apheresis.</p></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><p>The overall cohort included 404 patients with a median age at diagnosis of 6·0 years (IQR 3·0–9·5) and median untreated plasma LDL cholesterol of 17·8 mmol/L (14·7–20·8). The matched cohorts included 250 patients (125 patients per group), with a median untreated LDL cholesterol of 17·2 mmol/L (14·8–19·7). Mean reduction in plasma LDL cholesterol concentrations between baseline and final follow-up was greater in the lipoprotein apheresis group (–55% [95% CI –60 to –51] <em>vs</em> –31% [–36 to –25]; p<0·0001). Patients in the lipoprotein apheresis group had longer atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease-free survival (adjusted HR 0·52 [95% CI 0·32–0·85]) and longer cardiovascular death-free survival (0·0301 [0·0021–0·4295]). Cardiovascular death was more common in the pharmacotherapy-only group than in the lipoprotein apheresis group (ten [8%] <em>vs</em> one [1%]; p=0·010), whereas median age at coronary artery bypass grafting was lo","PeriodicalId":54238,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Child & Adolescent Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":36.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141040290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-14DOI: 10.1016/S2352-4642(24)00113-5
Kelley Swain
{"title":"Who decides what is “good for” the children?","authors":"Kelley Swain","doi":"10.1016/S2352-4642(24)00113-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-4642(24)00113-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54238,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Child & Adolescent Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":36.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140947052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-14DOI: 10.1016/S2352-4642(24)00102-0
{"title":"Monitoring change from residential housing care to family-based care for children","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S2352-4642(24)00102-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2352-4642(24)00102-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54238,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Child & Adolescent Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":19.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141054652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-11DOI: 10.1016/S2352-4642(24)00126-3
{"title":"Emma Alesna Llanto: taking the long road to lasting change","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S2352-4642(24)00126-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2352-4642(24)00126-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54238,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Child & Adolescent Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":19.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140917510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-30DOI: 10.1016/S2352-4642(24)00106-8
Robin J Prescott
{"title":"The value of registries for rare and severe adverse events in paediatrics","authors":"Robin J Prescott","doi":"10.1016/S2352-4642(24)00106-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2352-4642(24)00106-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54238,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Child & Adolescent Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":36.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140867988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-30DOI: 10.1016/S2352-4642(24)00078-6
Renz C W Klomberg MD , Astrid E Hellendoorn MD , Polychronis Kemos MSc , Dimitris Rizopoulos PhD , Prof Frank M Ruemmele PhD , Prof Nicholas M Croft PhD , Lissy de Ridder PhD
Background
Rare and severe adverse events can occur in children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and the relationship with disease or drug treatment is often uncertain. We aimed to establish a method of reporting adverse events of interest in children with IBD, allowing for estimates of incidence rates with comparison between different regions, and, if possible, to compare with published data on rates of adverse events in children overall.
Methods
For this analysis, we used data from the Paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease Network for Safety, Efficacy and Treatment and Quality improvement of care (PIBD-SETQuality) Safety Registry, which collects data on multiple rare and severe adverse events in children younger than 19 years with IBD. Overall, the registry collected data on ten prespecified rare and severe adverse events in children with IBD, as established by a panel of paediatric IBD experts, via reports from paediatric gastroenterologists at participating hospitals between Nov 1, 2016, and March 31, 2023. Reporting physicians, who could only be paediatric gastroenterologists or IBD nurses reporting on behalf of paediatric gastroenterologists, were recruited through invitations sent to both national and international IBD networks and at conferences. Once per month, participating paediatric gastroenterologists received an email with an anonymous and unique link to an online survey asking them to report whether any of ten rare and severe adverse events had occurred in a patient in their paediatric-IBD population in the previous month. Prevalent or retrospective rare and severe adverse events were excluded, as were events occurring in children with an unconfirmed diagnosis of IBD or for whom inflammatory colitis was part of a monogenic immunodeficiency disorder. Duplicates and events that did not meet the definitions and criteria were excluded. Physicians could also report other, non-categorised adverse events if they considered them rare and severe. In case of no response, up to two reminders were sent for each per-month survey. Annual denominator data surveys were sent to obtain the total number of person-years for the estimation of incidence rates, which were calculated via Poisson regression models.
Findings
Responses were gathered from 220 paediatric gastroenterologists from 167 centres. 121 centres were in Europe, 23 centres were in North America, 17 centres were in Asia, and six centres were in Oceania. Combined, the total population with paediatric IBD consisted of an estimated 30 193 children with 114 528 person-years of follow-up. 451 adverse events were initially reported. After excluding and reorganising adverse events, 402 were eligible; 261 (65%) were categorised and 141 (35%) were non-categorised. The most frequently reported adverse events were venous-thromboembolic events (n=66), renal failure (n=43), opportunistic infections (n=42), and cancer (n=33). Haem
{"title":"Rare and severe adverse events in children with inflammatory bowel disease: analysis of data from the PIBD-SETQuality Safety Registry","authors":"Renz C W Klomberg MD , Astrid E Hellendoorn MD , Polychronis Kemos MSc , Dimitris Rizopoulos PhD , Prof Frank M Ruemmele PhD , Prof Nicholas M Croft PhD , Lissy de Ridder PhD","doi":"10.1016/S2352-4642(24)00078-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2352-4642(24)00078-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Rare and severe adverse events can occur in children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and the relationship with disease or drug treatment is often uncertain. We aimed to establish a method of reporting adverse events of interest in children with IBD, allowing for estimates of incidence rates with comparison between different regions, and, if possible, to compare with published data on rates of adverse events in children overall.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>For this analysis, we used data from the Paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease Network for Safety, Efficacy and Treatment and Quality improvement of care (PIBD-SETQuality) Safety Registry, which collects data on multiple rare and severe adverse events in children younger than 19 years with IBD. Overall, the registry collected data on ten prespecified rare and severe adverse events in children with IBD, as established by a panel of paediatric IBD experts, via reports from paediatric gastroenterologists at participating hospitals between Nov 1, 2016, and March 31, 2023. Reporting physicians, who could only be paediatric gastroenterologists or IBD nurses reporting on behalf of paediatric gastroenterologists, were recruited through invitations sent to both national and international IBD networks and at conferences. Once per month, participating paediatric gastroenterologists received an email with an anonymous and unique link to an online survey asking them to report whether any of ten rare and severe adverse events had occurred in a patient in their paediatric-IBD population in the previous month. Prevalent or retrospective rare and severe adverse events were excluded, as were events occurring in children with an unconfirmed diagnosis of IBD or for whom inflammatory colitis was part of a monogenic immunodeficiency disorder. Duplicates and events that did not meet the definitions and criteria were excluded. Physicians could also report other, non-categorised adverse events if they considered them rare and severe. In case of no response, up to two reminders were sent for each per-month survey. Annual denominator data surveys were sent to obtain the total number of person-years for the estimation of incidence rates, which were calculated via Poisson regression models.</p></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><p>Responses were gathered from 220 paediatric gastroenterologists from 167 centres. 121 centres were in Europe, 23 centres were in North America, 17 centres were in Asia, and six centres were in Oceania. Combined, the total population with paediatric IBD consisted of an estimated 30 193 children with 114 528 person-years of follow-up. 451 adverse events were initially reported. After excluding and reorganising adverse events, 402 were eligible; 261 (65%) were categorised and 141 (35%) were non-categorised. The most frequently reported adverse events were venous-thromboembolic events (n=66), renal failure (n=43), opportunistic infections (n=42), and cancer (n=33). Haem","PeriodicalId":54238,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Child & Adolescent Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":36.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140874243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}