Pub Date : 2024-04-20DOI: 10.1016/S2352-4642(24)00107-X
{"title":"Correction to Lancet Child Adolesc Health 2024; published online April 16. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-4642(24)00075-0","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S2352-4642(24)00107-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2352-4642(24)00107-X","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54238,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Child & Adolescent Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":36.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S235246422400107X/pdfft?md5=9fe8a75a78f8a68b2738fb650739e268&pid=1-s2.0-S235246422400107X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140777195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-20DOI: 10.1016/S2352-4642(24)00048-8
Alasdair Bamford PhD , Tiziana Masini PhD , Phoebe Williams DPhil , Prof Mike Sharland MD , Valeria Gigante PhD , Devika Dixit MD , Hatim Sati MD , Benedikt Huttner MD , Yasir Bin Nisar PhD , Bernadette Cappello MPH , Wilson Were MD , Jennifer Cohn MD , Martina Penazzato PhD , PADO-antibiotics participants
Children and neonates are highly vulnerable to the impact of antimicrobial resistance. Substantial barriers are faced in relation to research and development of antibacterial agents for use in neonates, children, and adolescents aged yonger than 19 years, and focusing finite resources on the most appropriate agents for development and paediatric optimisation is urgently needed. In November and December, 2022, following the successes of previous similar disease-focused exercises, WHO convened the first Paediatric Drug Optimisation (PADO) exercise for antibiotics, aiming to provide a shortlist of antibiotics to be prioritised for paediatric research and development, especially for use in regions with the highest burden of disease attributable to serious bacterial infection. A range of antibiotics with either existing license for children or in clinical development in adults but with little paediatric data were considered, and PADO priority and PADO watch lists were formulated. This Review provides the background and overview of the exercise processes and its outcomes as well as a concise review of the literature supporting decision making. Follow-up actions to implement the outcomes from the PADO for antibiotics process are also summarised. This Review highlights the major beneficial influence the collaborative PADO process can have, both for therapeutic drug class and disease-specific themes, in uniting efforts to ensure children have access to essential medicines across the world.
{"title":"Tackling the threat of antimicrobial resistance in neonates and children: outcomes from the first WHO-convened Paediatric Drug Optimisation exercise for antibiotics","authors":"Alasdair Bamford PhD , Tiziana Masini PhD , Phoebe Williams DPhil , Prof Mike Sharland MD , Valeria Gigante PhD , Devika Dixit MD , Hatim Sati MD , Benedikt Huttner MD , Yasir Bin Nisar PhD , Bernadette Cappello MPH , Wilson Were MD , Jennifer Cohn MD , Martina Penazzato PhD , PADO-antibiotics participants","doi":"10.1016/S2352-4642(24)00048-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2352-4642(24)00048-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Children and neonates are highly vulnerable to the impact of antimicrobial resistance. Substantial barriers are faced in relation to research and development of antibacterial agents for use in neonates, children, and adolescents aged yonger than 19 years, and focusing finite resources on the most appropriate agents for development and paediatric optimisation is urgently needed. In November and December, 2022, following the successes of previous similar disease-focused exercises, WHO convened the first Paediatric Drug Optimisation (PADO) exercise for antibiotics, aiming to provide a shortlist of antibiotics to be prioritised for paediatric research and development, especially for use in regions with the highest burden of disease attributable to serious bacterial infection. A range of antibiotics with either existing license for children or in clinical development in adults but with little paediatric data were considered, and PADO priority and PADO watch lists were formulated. This Review provides the background and overview of the exercise processes and its outcomes as well as a concise review of the literature supporting decision making. Follow-up actions to implement the outcomes from the PADO for antibiotics process are also summarised. This Review highlights the major beneficial influence the collaborative PADO process can have, both for therapeutic drug class and disease-specific themes, in uniting efforts to ensure children have access to essential medicines across the world.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54238,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Child & Adolescent Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":36.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140776178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-17DOI: 10.1016/S2352-4642(24)00051-8
Thomas Steare MSc , Prof Glyn Lewis PhD , Katherine Lange PhD , Gemma Lewis PhD
Background
Students define academic competence across two axes: developing skills and understanding (mastery) versus comparisons with peers (performance), and achieving goals (approach) versus avoiding failure (avoidance). We aimed to examine the longitudinal association between achievement goals and adolescent depressive symptoms.
Methods
We analysed data from the Kindergarten (recruited at age 4–5 years; born between March, 1999, and February, 2000; recruited from March, 2004 to November, 2004) and Baby (recruited at age 0–1 years; born between March, 2003, and February, 2004; recruited from March, 2004 to January, 2005) cohorts of the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children. Participants were identified through the Medicare enrolment database and sampled using a randomised selection stratified by postcode to represent the Australian population. Achievement goals were measured at age 12–13 years with the Achievement Goal Questionnaire (ranges from 1 to 7 on each of the four subscales), and depressive symptoms with the Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (score ranges from 0 to 26, with higher scores indicating more severe symptoms) at ages 14–15 years (both cohorts) and 16–17 years (Kindergarten cohort only). Analyses were linear multilevel and traditional regressions, with confounder adjustment, for participants with available data on the exposures, confounders, and outcome.
Findings
We included 3200 participants (1585 female and 1615 male) from the Kindergarten cohort and 2671 participants (1310 female and 1361 male) from the Baby cohort. A 1-point increase in mastery-approach goals was associated with decreased depressive symptom severity score (Kindergarten, –0·33 [95% CI –0·52 to –0·15]; Baby, –0·29 [–0·54 to –0·03]), while a 1-point increase in mastery-avoidance goals was associated with increased depressive symptom severity score (Kindergarten, 0·35 [95% CI 0·21 to 0·48]; Baby, 0·44 [0·25 to 0·64]). A 1-point increase in performance-avoidance goals was associated with increased depressive symptom severity score in the Kindergarten cohort but not the Baby cohort (Kindergarten, 0·26 [95% CI 0·11 to 0·41]; Baby, –0·04 [–0·27 to 0·19]). We found little evidence of an association between depressive symptom severity and performance-approach goals.
Interpretation
Depressive symptoms in adolescents were associated with their achievement goals, which could be targetable risk factors for future trials to investigate whether school-based interventions that aim to enhance factors consistent with mastery goals (ie, learning skills and understanding the subject, rather than assessing competence in comparison to peers) could prevent depression in adolescents.
Funding
Sir Henry Dale Fellowship jointly funded by the Wellcome Trust and the Royal Society.
背景:学生对学业能力的定义有两个方面:发展技能和理解能力(掌握)与与同龄人的比较(表现),以及实现目标(接近)与避免失败(逃避)。我们旨在研究成就目标与青少年抑郁症状之间的纵向联系:我们分析了 "澳大利亚儿童纵向研究"(Longitudinal Study of Australian Children)中幼儿园组(招募年龄为 4-5 岁;出生日期为 1999 年 3 月至 2000 年 2 月;招募时间为 2004 年 3 月至 2004 年 11 月)和婴儿组(招募年龄为 0-1 岁;出生日期为 2003 年 3 月至 2004 年 2 月;招募时间为 2004 年 3 月至 2005 年 1 月)的数据。参与者通过医疗保险登记数据库确定,并按邮政编码进行分层随机抽样,以代表澳大利亚人口。在12-13岁时使用成就目标问卷(四个分量表中每个分量表的分值从1到7不等)测量成就目标,在14-15岁(两个队列)和16-17岁(仅幼儿园队列)时使用简短情绪和感觉问卷(分值从0到26不等,分值越高表示症状越严重)测量抑郁症状。分析采用线性多层次回归和传统回归,并对混杂因素进行调整,分析对象为有暴露、混杂因素和结果数据的参与者:我们纳入了幼儿园队列中的 3200 名参与者(女性 1585 人,男性 1615 人)和婴儿队列中的 2671 名参与者(女性 1310 人,男性 1361 人)。掌握-接近目标每增加1分,抑郁症状严重程度得分就会降低(幼儿园,-0-33 [95% CI -0-52 to -0-15];婴儿,-0-29 [-0-54 to -0-03]),而掌握-回避目标每增加1分,抑郁症状严重程度得分就会增加(幼儿园,0-35 [95% CI 0-21 to 0-48];婴儿,0-44 [0-25 to 0-64])。在幼儿园组群中,表现回避目标每增加 1 分,抑郁症状严重程度得分就会增加,而在婴儿组群中则不会(幼儿园组群,0-26 [95% CI 0-11 to 0-41];婴儿组群,-0-04 [-0-27 to 0-19])。我们几乎没有发现抑郁症状严重程度与成绩目标之间存在关联的证据:青少年的抑郁症状与他们的成绩目标有关,这可能是未来试验的目标风险因素,以调查旨在增强与掌握目标一致的因素(即学习技能和理解学科,而不是评估与同龄人相比的能力)的校本干预措施能否预防青少年抑郁症:亨利-戴尔爵士奖学金由威康信托基金会和英国皇家学会共同资助。
{"title":"The association between academic achievement goals and adolescent depressive symptoms: a prospective cohort study in Australia","authors":"Thomas Steare MSc , Prof Glyn Lewis PhD , Katherine Lange PhD , Gemma Lewis PhD","doi":"10.1016/S2352-4642(24)00051-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2352-4642(24)00051-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Students define academic competence across two axes: developing skills and understanding (mastery) versus comparisons with peers (performance), and achieving goals (approach) versus avoiding failure (avoidance). We aimed to examine the longitudinal association between achievement goals and adolescent depressive symptoms.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We analysed data from the Kindergarten (recruited at age 4–5 years; born between March, 1999, and February, 2000; recruited from March, 2004 to November, 2004) and Baby (recruited at age 0–1 years; born between March, 2003, and February, 2004; recruited from March, 2004 to January, 2005) cohorts of the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children. Participants were identified through the Medicare enrolment database and sampled using a randomised selection stratified by postcode to represent the Australian population. Achievement goals were measured at age 12–13 years with the Achievement Goal Questionnaire (ranges from 1 to 7 on each of the four subscales), and depressive symptoms with the Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (score ranges from 0 to 26, with higher scores indicating more severe symptoms) at ages 14–15 years (both cohorts) and 16–17 years (Kindergarten cohort only). Analyses were linear multilevel and traditional regressions, with confounder adjustment, for participants with available data on the exposures, confounders, and outcome.</p></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><p>We included 3200 participants (1585 female and 1615 male) from the Kindergarten cohort and 2671 participants (1310 female and 1361 male) from the Baby cohort. A 1-point increase in mastery-approach goals was associated with decreased depressive symptom severity score (Kindergarten, –0·33 [95% CI –0·52 to –0·15]; Baby, –0·29 [–0·54 to –0·03]), while a 1-point increase in mastery-avoidance goals was associated with increased depressive symptom severity score (Kindergarten, 0·35 [95% CI 0·21 to 0·48]; Baby, 0·44 [0·25 to 0·64]). A 1-point increase in performance-avoidance goals was associated with increased depressive symptom severity score in the Kindergarten cohort but not the Baby cohort (Kindergarten, 0·26 [95% CI 0·11 to 0·41]; Baby, –0·04 [–0·27 to 0·19]). We found little evidence of an association between depressive symptom severity and performance-approach goals.</p></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><p>Depressive symptoms in adolescents were associated with their achievement goals, which could be targetable risk factors for future trials to investigate whether school-based interventions that aim to enhance factors consistent with mastery goals (ie, learning skills and understanding the subject, rather than assessing competence in comparison to peers) could prevent depression in adolescents.</p></div><div><h3>Funding</h3><p>Sir Henry Dale Fellowship jointly funded by the Wellcome Trust and the Royal Society.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54238,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Child & Adolescent Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":36.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352464224000518/pdfft?md5=79fc38b9c76243731fe08eab8834f4ef&pid=1-s2.0-S2352464224000518-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140862796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-17DOI: 10.1016/S2352-4642(24)00100-7
Sophie H Li , Aliza Werner-Seidler
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Pub Date : 2024-04-16DOI: 10.1016/S2352-4642(24)00075-0
Indra A Van Assche MSc , Kristel Van Calsteren PhD , Jurgen Lemiere PhD , Jana Hohmann MSc , Jeroen Blommaert PhD , Evangeline A Huis in 't Veld MSc , Elyce Cardonick MD , Charlotte LeJeune MD , Nelleke P B Ottevanger PhD , Prof Els P O Witteveen PhD , Martine van Grotel PhD , Prof Marry M van den Heuvel-Eibrink PhD , Prof Lieven Lagae PhD , Maarten Lambrecht PhD , Prof Frédéric Amant PhD
Background
The main data available on the safety of radiation during pregnancy originate from animal studies and from studies of survivors of atomic or nuclear disasters. The effect of radiotherapy to treat maternal cancer on fetal development is uncertain. This report presents a unique cohort and aims to determine the long-term neurocognitive, psychosocial and physical outcomes of offspring of mothers treated with radiotherapy during pregnancy.
Methods
In this international, multicentre, mixed retrospective–prospective cohort study, we recruited participants between Aug 5, 2006, and Aug 24, 2023, aged between 1·5 and 46 years, at three referral centres in Belgium, the Netherlands, and the USA. Participants were eligible if they were born from mothers treated with radiotherapy during pregnancy. Fetal radiation doses were obtained from medical records and participants were followed up at predefined ages (1·5, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, and 18 years) and 5-yearly in adulthood, based on age at enrolment, using a neurocognitive test battery (measuring intelligence, attention, and memory), parent-reported executive function and psychosocial questionnaires, and a medical assessment. Results were compared with test-specific normative data. Linear regression models investigated associations between radiotherapy factors (fetal radiation dose, gestational age at the start and end of radiotherapy, and radiotherapy duration) and outcomes.
Findings
68 maternal cases of radiotherapy during pregnancy were registered by the three participating centres, of which 61 resulted in a livebirth and were therefore eligible to participate in the child follow-up study. After excluding those who did not give consent, 43 participants born from 42 mothers treated with radiotherapy during pregnancy were included in the study (median age at first assessment 3 years [IQR 2–11]; median age at last assessment 12 years [9–18]; median number of assessments two [1–4]). 18 (42%) of the included participants were female and 25 (58%) male, and 37 (86%) were of White ethnicity. Mean neurocognitive outcomes of the entire cohort were within normal ranges. No associations were found with fetal radiation dose or timing of radiotherapy during pregnancy. Six (16%) of 38 participants with neurocognitive outcomes scored lower than one SD on at least one neurocognitive outcome, three (7%) reported chronic medical conditions (spasmophilia, spastic diplegia, and IgG deficiency), and three (7%) were diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (of whom two scored lower on attention). Of ten (23%) participants with lower neurocognitive score(s), a chronic medical condition, or attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, eight were born preterm. The remaining 33 (77%) participants showed no neurocognitive, psychosocial, or chronic physical problems.
{"title":"Long-term neurocognitive, psychosocial, and physical outcomes after prenatal exposure to radiotherapy: a multicentre cohort study of the International Network on Cancer, Infertility, and Pregnancy","authors":"Indra A Van Assche MSc , Kristel Van Calsteren PhD , Jurgen Lemiere PhD , Jana Hohmann MSc , Jeroen Blommaert PhD , Evangeline A Huis in 't Veld MSc , Elyce Cardonick MD , Charlotte LeJeune MD , Nelleke P B Ottevanger PhD , Prof Els P O Witteveen PhD , Martine van Grotel PhD , Prof Marry M van den Heuvel-Eibrink PhD , Prof Lieven Lagae PhD , Maarten Lambrecht PhD , Prof Frédéric Amant PhD","doi":"10.1016/S2352-4642(24)00075-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2352-4642(24)00075-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The main data available on the safety of radiation during pregnancy originate from animal studies and from studies of survivors of atomic or nuclear disasters. The effect of radiotherapy to treat maternal cancer on fetal development is uncertain. This report presents a unique cohort and aims to determine the long-term neurocognitive, psychosocial and physical outcomes of offspring of mothers treated with radiotherapy during pregnancy.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>In this international, multicentre, mixed retrospective–prospective cohort study, we recruited participants between Aug 5, 2006, and Aug 24, 2023, aged between 1·5 and 46 years, at three referral centres in Belgium, the Netherlands, and the USA. Participants were eligible if they were born from mothers treated with radiotherapy during pregnancy. Fetal radiation doses were obtained from medical records and participants were followed up at predefined ages (1·5, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, and 18 years) and 5-yearly in adulthood, based on age at enrolment, using a neurocognitive test battery (measuring intelligence, attention, and memory), parent-reported executive function and psychosocial questionnaires, and a medical assessment. Results were compared with test-specific normative data. Linear regression models investigated associations between radiotherapy factors (fetal radiation dose, gestational age at the start and end of radiotherapy, and radiotherapy duration) and outcomes.</p></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><p>68 maternal cases of radiotherapy during pregnancy were registered by the three participating centres, of which 61 resulted in a livebirth and were therefore eligible to participate in the child follow-up study. After excluding those who did not give consent, 43 participants born from 42 mothers treated with radiotherapy during pregnancy were included in the study (median age at first assessment 3 years [IQR 2–11]; median age at last assessment 12 years [9–18]; median number of assessments two [1–4]). 18 (42%) of the included participants were female and 25 (58%) male, and 37 (86%) were of White ethnicity. Mean neurocognitive outcomes of the entire cohort were within normal ranges. No associations were found with fetal radiation dose or timing of radiotherapy during pregnancy. Six (16%) of 38 participants with neurocognitive outcomes scored lower than one SD on at least one neurocognitive outcome, three (7%) reported chronic medical conditions (spasmophilia, spastic diplegia, and IgG deficiency), and three (7%) were diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (of whom two scored lower on attention). Of ten (23%) participants with lower neurocognitive score(s), a chronic medical condition, or attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, eight were born preterm. The remaining 33 (77%) participants showed no neurocognitive, psychosocial, or chronic physical problems.</p></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><p>We show on average normal neurocognitive, psycho","PeriodicalId":54238,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Child & Adolescent Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":36.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140632157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-12DOI: 10.1016/S2352-4642(24)00072-5
Carlyle McCready MSc , Prof Heather J Zar PhD , Shaakira Chaya MD , Carvern Jacobs MSc , Lesley Workman MPH , Prof Zoltan Hantos PhD , Prof Graham L Hall PhD , Prof Peter D Sly PhD , Prof Mark P Nicol PhD , Prof Dan J Stein PhD , Anhar Ullah MSc , Prof Adnan Custovic PhD , Prof Francesca Little PhD , Diane M Gray PhD
Background
Early life is a key period that determines long-term health. Lung development in childhood predicts lung function attained in adulthood and morbidity and mortality across the life course. We aimed to assess the effect of early-life lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) and associated risk factors on lung development from birth to school age in a South African birth cohort.
Methods
We prospectively followed children enrolled in a population-based cohort from birth (between March 5, 2012 and March 31, 2015) to age 5 years with annual lung function assessment. Data on multiple early-life exposures, including LRTI, were collected. The effect of early-life risk factors on lung function development from birth to age 5 years was assessed using the Generalised Additive Models for Location, Scale and Shape and Interrupted Time Series approach.
Findings
966 children (475 [49·2%] female, 491 [50·8%] male) had lung function measured with oscillometry, tidal flow volume loops, and multiple breath washout. LRTI occurred in 484 (50·1%) children, with a median of 2·0 LRTI episodes (IQR 1·0–3·0) per child. LRTI was independently associated with altered lung function, as evidenced by lower compliance (0·959 [95% CI 0·941–0·978]), higher resistance (1·028 [1·016–1·041]), and higher respiratory rate (1·018 [1·063–1·029]) over 5 years. Additional impact on lung function parameters occurred with each subsequent LRTI. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) LRTI was associated with lower expiratory flow ratio (0·97 [0·95–0·99]) compared with non-RSV LRTI. Maternal factors including allergy, smoking, and HIV infection were also associated with altered lung development, as was preterm birth, low birthweight, female sex, and coming from a less wealthy household.
Interpretation
Public health interventions targeting LRTI prevention, with RSV a priority, are vital, particularly in low-income and middle-income settings.
Funding
UK Medical Research Council Grant, The Wellcome Trust, The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, US National Institutes of Health Human Heredity and Health in Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Hungarian Scientific Research Fund, and European Respiratory Society.
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Pub Date : 2024-04-12DOI: 10.1016/S2352-4642(24)00081-6
Sophie Yammine , Philipp Latzin
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