Pub Date : 2025-12-11DOI: 10.1016/S2352-4642(25)00301-3
Prof Rashida A Ferrand PhD , Nyasha V Dzavakwa MSc , Tsitsi Bandason MSc , Molly Chisenga MSc , Prof Suzanne Filteau PhD , Prof Katharina Kranzer PhD , Hildah Banda Mabuda Diploma , Grace Mchugh MD , Prof Hilda Mujuru MSc , Nicol Redzo MSc , Prof Sarah L Rowland-Jones DM , Prof Ulrich E Schaible Dr rer nat , Victoria Simms PhD , Jonathan C Y Tang PhD , Lackson Kasonka MMed , Prof Celia L Gregson FRCP
<div><h3>Background</h3><div>HIV has adverse impact on skeletal development in children despite antiretroviral therapy (ART). We investigated the effect of high-dose (20 000 IU) weekly vitamin D<sub>3</sub> and daily calcium carbonate (500 mg) supplementation for 48 weeks on bone density and muscle strength and power among peripubertal individuals (11–19 years) with perinatally acquired HIV.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted an individually randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Individuals taking ART for at least 6 months who had a defined caregiver, and knew their HIV status (in those aged >12 years) were recruited from HIV clinics in Harare, Zimbabwe and Lusaka, Zambia. The primary outcome was total body less-head bone mineral density (TBLH-BMD) Z score and secondary outcome was lumbar spine bone mineral apparent density (LS-BMAD) Z score (both measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry). Linear regression was used to compare arms adjusting for country and baseline value of the measure. Pre-specified subgroup analyses by country, age-group, sex, pubertal stage, calcium intake, tenofovir disproxil fumarate use, and baseline vitamin D insufficiency (defined as 25[OH]D <75 nmol/L), and a post-hoc subgroup analysis by viral suppression, were performed. A Participant Advisory Board that included adolescents with HIV, their guardians, and health providers guided study conduct. The trial is registered with the Pan African Clinical Trials Registry, PACTR20200989766029.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>Of 842 participants (median age 15 years [IQR 13–17], 448 [53%] female and 394 [47%] male) enrolled between Feb 4 to Nov 23, 2021, 639 (76%) were vitamin D insufficient. At 48 weeks, outcomes were available for 751 (89%) participants. There was no difference by arm in TBLH-BMD Z score (intervention <em>vs</em> control: mean –1·53 [SD 1·18] <em>vs</em> –1·56 [1·12], adjusted mean difference –0·04 [95% CI –0·01 to 0·09]) or in LS-BMAD Z score (intervention <em>vs</em> control: –0·64 [1·17] <em>vs</em> –0·71 [SD 1·16], adjusted mean difference –0·05 [95% CI –0·01 to 0·12]). However, among participants with vitamin D insufficiency at baseline, there was a significantly higher LS-BMAD Z score (adjusted mean difference 0·09 [95% CI 0·02 to 0·16], p<sub>interaction</sub>=0·025) in the intervention arm than in the control arm. The corresponding adjusted mean difference in TBLH-BMD Z score was 0·06 (0·00–0·11), p<sub>interaction</sub>=0·15. There was no statistical evidence of interaction in other subgroups. No drug-related severe adverse events were observed.</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>There was no difference in bone density between arms overall, but among those with vitamin D insufficiency the intervention improved bone density. High-dose vitamin D<sub>3</sub> and calcium supplementation, a safe and cheap intervention, during adolescence might promote bone accrual and mineralisation in those with vitami
{"title":"Impact of high-dose vitamin D and calcium carbonate supplementation on bone density in adolescents living with HIV: a randomised, placebo-controlled trial","authors":"Prof Rashida A Ferrand PhD , Nyasha V Dzavakwa MSc , Tsitsi Bandason MSc , Molly Chisenga MSc , Prof Suzanne Filteau PhD , Prof Katharina Kranzer PhD , Hildah Banda Mabuda Diploma , Grace Mchugh MD , Prof Hilda Mujuru MSc , Nicol Redzo MSc , Prof Sarah L Rowland-Jones DM , Prof Ulrich E Schaible Dr rer nat , Victoria Simms PhD , Jonathan C Y Tang PhD , Lackson Kasonka MMed , Prof Celia L Gregson FRCP","doi":"10.1016/S2352-4642(25)00301-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2352-4642(25)00301-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>HIV has adverse impact on skeletal development in children despite antiretroviral therapy (ART). We investigated the effect of high-dose (20 000 IU) weekly vitamin D<sub>3</sub> and daily calcium carbonate (500 mg) supplementation for 48 weeks on bone density and muscle strength and power among peripubertal individuals (11–19 years) with perinatally acquired HIV.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted an individually randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Individuals taking ART for at least 6 months who had a defined caregiver, and knew their HIV status (in those aged >12 years) were recruited from HIV clinics in Harare, Zimbabwe and Lusaka, Zambia. The primary outcome was total body less-head bone mineral density (TBLH-BMD) Z score and secondary outcome was lumbar spine bone mineral apparent density (LS-BMAD) Z score (both measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry). Linear regression was used to compare arms adjusting for country and baseline value of the measure. Pre-specified subgroup analyses by country, age-group, sex, pubertal stage, calcium intake, tenofovir disproxil fumarate use, and baseline vitamin D insufficiency (defined as 25[OH]D <75 nmol/L), and a post-hoc subgroup analysis by viral suppression, were performed. A Participant Advisory Board that included adolescents with HIV, their guardians, and health providers guided study conduct. The trial is registered with the Pan African Clinical Trials Registry, PACTR20200989766029.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>Of 842 participants (median age 15 years [IQR 13–17], 448 [53%] female and 394 [47%] male) enrolled between Feb 4 to Nov 23, 2021, 639 (76%) were vitamin D insufficient. At 48 weeks, outcomes were available for 751 (89%) participants. There was no difference by arm in TBLH-BMD Z score (intervention <em>vs</em> control: mean –1·53 [SD 1·18] <em>vs</em> –1·56 [1·12], adjusted mean difference –0·04 [95% CI –0·01 to 0·09]) or in LS-BMAD Z score (intervention <em>vs</em> control: –0·64 [1·17] <em>vs</em> –0·71 [SD 1·16], adjusted mean difference –0·05 [95% CI –0·01 to 0·12]). However, among participants with vitamin D insufficiency at baseline, there was a significantly higher LS-BMAD Z score (adjusted mean difference 0·09 [95% CI 0·02 to 0·16], p<sub>interaction</sub>=0·025) in the intervention arm than in the control arm. The corresponding adjusted mean difference in TBLH-BMD Z score was 0·06 (0·00–0·11), p<sub>interaction</sub>=0·15. There was no statistical evidence of interaction in other subgroups. No drug-related severe adverse events were observed.</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>There was no difference in bone density between arms overall, but among those with vitamin D insufficiency the intervention improved bone density. High-dose vitamin D<sub>3</sub> and calcium supplementation, a safe and cheap intervention, during adolescence might promote bone accrual and mineralisation in those with vitami","PeriodicalId":54238,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Child & Adolescent Health","volume":"10 2","pages":"Pages 111-121"},"PeriodicalIF":15.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145731757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-08DOI: 10.1016/S2352-4642(25)00311-6
Frédéric Thériault-Couture PhD , Flora Blangis PhD , Niamh Dooley PhD , Prof Helen L Fisher PhD , Timothy Matthews PhD , Prof Candice L Odgers PhD , Prof Louise Arseneault PhD
<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Cybervictimisation has been linked to poor mental health in young people, but doubts remain about the robustness of this association. We examined mental health outcomes for adolescents who experienced cybervictimisation using a genetically informative longitudinal design to strengthen causal inference by accounting for alternative explanations.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We used data from the Environmental Risk (E-Risk) Longitudinal Twin Study, a nationally representative cohort of 2232 British twins born in 1994–95. We included participants who completed interviews assessing cybervictimisation and mulitple offline forms of victimisation since age 12 years, and a range of mental health conditions at age 18 years. Confounders were measured prospectively from ages 5 years to 18 years. Unmeasured confounders including genetic and shared environmental factors were controlled for using discordant twin analyses. People with lived experience were not involved in this study.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>2066 participants completed assessments at age 18 years, of whom 2063 (99·9%) had data on cybervictimisation. The mean age of the twins at the time of the assessment was 18·4 years (SD 0·4), and 1870 (90·5%) identified as White, 84 (4·1%) as Asian, 40 (1·9%) as Black, eight (0·4%) as mixed race, and 64 (3·1%) as other ethnicities. 419 (20·3%) of 2063 young people reported being moderately or severely cybervictimised between ages 12 years and 18 years, with ten (2·4%) participants reporting online abuse without having experienced offline victimisation. Cybervictimised adolescents were more likely to report generalised anxiety disorder, major depressive disorder, self-harm or suicide attempt, post-traumatic stress disorder, conduct disorder, and psychotic experiences compared with those not cybervictimised. These associations remained after adjusting for confounders, including individual characteristics (sex assigned at birth, minority ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and childhood intelligence quotient), pre-existing vulnerabilities (previous mental health conditions and online and offline victimisation), and concurrent vulnerabilities (problematic digital technology use and loneliness). Offline victimisation accounted for the associations, with modest to substantial attenuation in odds ratios (17·7–28·0% for generalised anxiety disorder and major depressive disorder; 33·5–52·3% for other outcomes). Cybervictimisation was uniquely associated with generalised anxiety disorder independently of genetic and shared environmental factors and offline victimisation (odds ratio 2·14 [95% CI 1·18–3·88]).</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>Amid ongoing policy debates on digital safety and to support targeted intervention strategies, mental health responses to cybervictimisation should consider the broader context of victimisation experienced by young people.</div></div><div><h3>Funding</h3><div>UK Medical Resea
{"title":"Cybervictimisation and mental health conditions in young people: findings from a nationally representative longitudinal cohort","authors":"Frédéric Thériault-Couture PhD , Flora Blangis PhD , Niamh Dooley PhD , Prof Helen L Fisher PhD , Timothy Matthews PhD , Prof Candice L Odgers PhD , Prof Louise Arseneault PhD","doi":"10.1016/S2352-4642(25)00311-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2352-4642(25)00311-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Cybervictimisation has been linked to poor mental health in young people, but doubts remain about the robustness of this association. We examined mental health outcomes for adolescents who experienced cybervictimisation using a genetically informative longitudinal design to strengthen causal inference by accounting for alternative explanations.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We used data from the Environmental Risk (E-Risk) Longitudinal Twin Study, a nationally representative cohort of 2232 British twins born in 1994–95. We included participants who completed interviews assessing cybervictimisation and mulitple offline forms of victimisation since age 12 years, and a range of mental health conditions at age 18 years. Confounders were measured prospectively from ages 5 years to 18 years. Unmeasured confounders including genetic and shared environmental factors were controlled for using discordant twin analyses. People with lived experience were not involved in this study.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>2066 participants completed assessments at age 18 years, of whom 2063 (99·9%) had data on cybervictimisation. The mean age of the twins at the time of the assessment was 18·4 years (SD 0·4), and 1870 (90·5%) identified as White, 84 (4·1%) as Asian, 40 (1·9%) as Black, eight (0·4%) as mixed race, and 64 (3·1%) as other ethnicities. 419 (20·3%) of 2063 young people reported being moderately or severely cybervictimised between ages 12 years and 18 years, with ten (2·4%) participants reporting online abuse without having experienced offline victimisation. Cybervictimised adolescents were more likely to report generalised anxiety disorder, major depressive disorder, self-harm or suicide attempt, post-traumatic stress disorder, conduct disorder, and psychotic experiences compared with those not cybervictimised. These associations remained after adjusting for confounders, including individual characteristics (sex assigned at birth, minority ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and childhood intelligence quotient), pre-existing vulnerabilities (previous mental health conditions and online and offline victimisation), and concurrent vulnerabilities (problematic digital technology use and loneliness). Offline victimisation accounted for the associations, with modest to substantial attenuation in odds ratios (17·7–28·0% for generalised anxiety disorder and major depressive disorder; 33·5–52·3% for other outcomes). Cybervictimisation was uniquely associated with generalised anxiety disorder independently of genetic and shared environmental factors and offline victimisation (odds ratio 2·14 [95% CI 1·18–3·88]).</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>Amid ongoing policy debates on digital safety and to support targeted intervention strategies, mental health responses to cybervictimisation should consider the broader context of victimisation experienced by young people.</div></div><div><h3>Funding</h3><div>UK Medical Resea","PeriodicalId":54238,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Child & Adolescent Health","volume":"10 2","pages":"Pages 94-102"},"PeriodicalIF":15.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145728378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-02DOI: 10.1016/S2352-4642(25)00347-5
Peter Ranscombe
{"title":"Asking the big questions about health inequalities","authors":"Peter Ranscombe","doi":"10.1016/S2352-4642(25)00347-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2352-4642(25)00347-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54238,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Child & Adolescent Health","volume":"10 1","pages":"Page 9"},"PeriodicalIF":15.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145652083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-02DOI: 10.1016/S2352-4642(25)00303-7
<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Child growth failure (CGF), which includes underweight, wasting, and stunting, is among the factors most strongly associated with mortality and morbidity in children younger than 5 years worldwide. Poor height and bodyweight gain arise from a variety of biological and sociodemographic factors and are associated with increased vulnerability to infectious diseases. We used data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2023 to estimate CGF prevalence, the risk of infectious diseases associated with CGF, and the disease mortality, morbidity, and overall burden associated with CGF.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this analysis we estimated the all-cause and cause-specific (diarrhoea, lower respiratory tract infections, malaria, and measles) disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) lost and mortality associated with stunting, wasting, underweight, and CGF in aggregate. We combined the burden associated with mild, moderate, and severe forms of CGF: stunting was defined as height-for-age Z scores (HAZ) less than –1, underweight was defined as weight-for-age Z scores (WAZ) less than –1, and wasting was defined as weight-for-height Z scores (WHZ) less than –1, according to WHO Child Growth Standards. Population-level continuous distributions of HAZ, WAZ, and WHZ were estimated for 2000 to 2023 using data from surveys, literature, and individual-level study data. The risk of incidence of, and mortality due to, diarrhoea, lower respiratory infections, malaria, and measles was separately estimated in a meta-regression framework from longitudinal cohort data for Z scores less than –1. Finally, fatal outcomes associated with these diseases were estimated with vital registration, verbal autopsy, and case-fatality data, while non-fatal outcomes were estimated with surveys as well as health-care utilisation and case reporting data. The exposure prevalence and relative risk estimates were from continuous distributions, allowing for direct assessment of the attributable fractions for mild, moderate, and severe stunting, underweight, wasting, and the combined impact of child growth failure within populations. All estimates were age-specific, sex-specific, geography-specific, and year-specific.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>We estimated that, in children younger than 5 years in 2023, CGF was associated with 79·4 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 47·0–106) DALYs lost and 880 000 (517 000–1 170 000) deaths. This represented 17·9% (10·6–23·8) of 444 million (434–457) total under-5 DALYs and 18·8% (11·1–25·0) of all 4·67 million (4·59–4·75) under-5 deaths. Compared to stunting (33·0 million [24·1–42·2] DALYs, 373 000 [272 000–477 000] deaths) and wasting (39·2 million [23·8–53·0] DALYs, 428 000 [256 000–583 000] deaths), childhood underweight was associated with the largest share of CGF-related disease burden: 52·2 million (21·9–75·1) DALYs and 573 000 (236 000–824 000) deaths in children yo
{"title":"Quantifying the fatal and non-fatal burden of disease associated with child growth failure, 2000–2023: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S2352-4642(25)00303-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2352-4642(25)00303-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Child growth failure (CGF), which includes underweight, wasting, and stunting, is among the factors most strongly associated with mortality and morbidity in children younger than 5 years worldwide. Poor height and bodyweight gain arise from a variety of biological and sociodemographic factors and are associated with increased vulnerability to infectious diseases. We used data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2023 to estimate CGF prevalence, the risk of infectious diseases associated with CGF, and the disease mortality, morbidity, and overall burden associated with CGF.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this analysis we estimated the all-cause and cause-specific (diarrhoea, lower respiratory tract infections, malaria, and measles) disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) lost and mortality associated with stunting, wasting, underweight, and CGF in aggregate. We combined the burden associated with mild, moderate, and severe forms of CGF: stunting was defined as height-for-age Z scores (HAZ) less than –1, underweight was defined as weight-for-age Z scores (WAZ) less than –1, and wasting was defined as weight-for-height Z scores (WHZ) less than –1, according to WHO Child Growth Standards. Population-level continuous distributions of HAZ, WAZ, and WHZ were estimated for 2000 to 2023 using data from surveys, literature, and individual-level study data. The risk of incidence of, and mortality due to, diarrhoea, lower respiratory infections, malaria, and measles was separately estimated in a meta-regression framework from longitudinal cohort data for Z scores less than –1. Finally, fatal outcomes associated with these diseases were estimated with vital registration, verbal autopsy, and case-fatality data, while non-fatal outcomes were estimated with surveys as well as health-care utilisation and case reporting data. The exposure prevalence and relative risk estimates were from continuous distributions, allowing for direct assessment of the attributable fractions for mild, moderate, and severe stunting, underweight, wasting, and the combined impact of child growth failure within populations. All estimates were age-specific, sex-specific, geography-specific, and year-specific.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>We estimated that, in children younger than 5 years in 2023, CGF was associated with 79·4 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 47·0–106) DALYs lost and 880 000 (517 000–1 170 000) deaths. This represented 17·9% (10·6–23·8) of 444 million (434–457) total under-5 DALYs and 18·8% (11·1–25·0) of all 4·67 million (4·59–4·75) under-5 deaths. Compared to stunting (33·0 million [24·1–42·2] DALYs, 373 000 [272 000–477 000] deaths) and wasting (39·2 million [23·8–53·0] DALYs, 428 000 [256 000–583 000] deaths), childhood underweight was associated with the largest share of CGF-related disease burden: 52·2 million (21·9–75·1) DALYs and 573 000 (236 000–824 000) deaths in children yo","PeriodicalId":54238,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Child & Adolescent Health","volume":"10 1","pages":"Pages 22-38"},"PeriodicalIF":15.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145652122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-02DOI: 10.1016/S2352-4642(25)00283-4
Jason M Nagata MD , Jacqueline O Hur BA , Ken Murakami BA , Kyle T Ganson PhD , Jinbo He PhD , Stuart B Murray PhD , Jason M Lavender PhD
Body image concerns among adolescent boys and young men are increasingly recognised as societal ideals shift towards a lean, muscular physique. In severe cases, these pressures can lead to muscle dysmorphia, a specifier of body dysmorphic disorder marked by preoccupation with being too small or insufficiently muscular. Adolescents and young adults are developmentally vulnerable and might be at higher risk for a variety of eating-related and body image-related concerns, including muscle dysmorphia. This narrative Review synthesises current evidence on the epidemiology, assessment, and treatment of muscle dysmorphia in adolescents and young adults to guide clinicians. Although some treatment approaches show promise, outcome data in large, diverse, clinical adolescent samples remain scarce. Muscle dysmorphia-specific preventive strategies are few, although eating disorder prevention programmes show potential for reducing muscle dysmorphia symptoms. Future research should investigate pharmacotherapy and prevention programmes, validate assessment tools across populations, and examine cultural influences internationally. Advancing understanding of muscle dysmorphia will better equip clinicians to identify and address symptoms in adolescents and young adults.
{"title":"Muscle dysmorphia in adolescents and young adults","authors":"Jason M Nagata MD , Jacqueline O Hur BA , Ken Murakami BA , Kyle T Ganson PhD , Jinbo He PhD , Stuart B Murray PhD , Jason M Lavender PhD","doi":"10.1016/S2352-4642(25)00283-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2352-4642(25)00283-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Body image concerns among adolescent boys and young men are increasingly recognised as societal ideals shift towards a lean, muscular physique. In severe cases, these pressures can lead to muscle dysmorphia, a specifier of body dysmorphic disorder marked by preoccupation with being too small or insufficiently muscular. Adolescents and young adults are developmentally vulnerable and might be at higher risk for a variety of eating-related and body image-related concerns, including muscle dysmorphia. This narrative Review synthesises current evidence on the epidemiology, assessment, and treatment of muscle dysmorphia in adolescents and young adults to guide clinicians. Although some treatment approaches show promise, outcome data in large, diverse, clinical adolescent samples remain scarce. Muscle dysmorphia-specific preventive strategies are few, although eating disorder prevention programmes show potential for reducing muscle dysmorphia symptoms. Future research should investigate pharmacotherapy and prevention programmes, validate assessment tools across populations, and examine cultural influences internationally. Advancing understanding of muscle dysmorphia will better equip clinicians to identify and address symptoms in adolescents and young adults.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54238,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Child & Adolescent Health","volume":"10 2","pages":"Pages 122-134"},"PeriodicalIF":15.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145657375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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