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Differential modulation of crown allometry and stem growth at gap edges in five European tree species by drought conditions 干旱条件对欧洲五种树种树冠异形和隙边茎干生长的不同调节作用
IF 3.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100219
Luke Bohnhorst , Peter Biber , Torben Hilmers , Enno Uhl , Hans Pretzsch

Background

In Central Europe, forests are increasingly affected by various disturbances, resulting in an increasing gap formation in the canopy. In order to support goal-oriented management, more knowledge is required about the acclimation of the crown and its effects on the basal area growth of trees at the edge of a gap.

Methods

This work compared trees' growth and crown structure at the edge of a transient gap, with a gap size of more than 80 ​m2, with trees in the stand that were at least 30 ​m away from the gap. A total of 249 European beeches (Fagus sylvatica L.), Norway spruces (Picea abies L. Karst), Scots pines (Pinus sylvestris L.), oaks (Quercus spp.; Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl., Quercus robur L.), and silver firs (Abies alba Mill.) were examined on long-term experimental plots in southern Germany. Various crown measures were developed and calculated using high-resolution terrestrial laser scanning (TLiDAR) to capture the three-dimensional crown structures. Growth responses to edge conditions were measured based on tree rings. Using linear mixed models, we predict the basal area increment of edge trees relative to trees in the stand under wet and dry soil moisture conditions after the gap formation.

Results

We identified i) species-specific acclimation of the crown of edge trees after the gap formation, ii) under wet soil moisture conditions a growth increase of 25%–45% for beech, pine, and oak edge trees and growth losses of 5%–60% for spruce and fir and iii) coniferous tree species benefited from the edge position regarding their basal area increment under dry soil moisture conditions and deciduous tree species grew regardless of the soil moisture conditions at the edge of a gap.

Conclusion

Gaps have a species-specific effect on the habitus and growth of edge trees and can have both positive and negative impacts on silviculture.

在中欧,森林越来越多地受到各种干扰的影响,导致树冠形成越来越多的间隙。为了支持以目标为导向的管理,需要更多地了解树冠的适应性及其对间隙边缘树木基底面积生长的影响。这项研究比较了间隙大小超过 80 米的瞬时间隙边缘树木与间隙至少 30 米以外的林分中树木的生长情况和树冠结构。在德国南部的长期实验地块上,共对 249 株欧洲山毛榉(L.)、挪威水杉(L. Karst)、苏格兰松树(L.)、橡树(spp.;(Matt.)Liebl.,L.)和银杉(Mill.)进行了研究。利用高分辨率地面激光扫描(TLiDAR)捕捉树冠的三维结构,制定并计算了各种树冠测量方法。根据树木年轮测量了生长对边缘条件的反应。利用线性混合模型,我们预测了缺口形成后,在干湿土壤湿度条件下,边缘树木相对于林分中树木的基部面积增量。我们发现:i)在间隙形成后,边缘树木树冠的适应性具有物种特异性;ii)在潮湿土壤湿度条件下,榉树、松树和栎树边缘树木的生长量增加了 25%-45%,而云杉和冷杉的生长量减少了 5%-60%;iii)在干燥土壤湿度条件下,针叶树种的基部面积增加得益于边缘位置,而落叶树种的生长与间隙边缘的土壤湿度条件无关。隙地对边缘树种的习性和生长有特定影响,对造林既有积极影响,也有消极影响。
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引用次数: 0
Divergent changes in diversity and network complexity across different trophic-level organisms drive soil multifunctionality of fire-impacted subtropical forests 不同营养级生物多样性和网络复杂性的差异变化推动了受火灾影响的亚热带森林土壤的多功能性
IF 3.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100227

Widespread forest fires pose significant challenges to the diverse communities of soil-dwelling organisms and the multiple ecosystem functions they support. However, whether the biodiversity and interactions of various taxonomic groups respond to fire consistently in terms of direction and extent, and their relative role in regulating post-fire soil functioning, remains largely unexplored. In this study, we investigated whether the diversity and co-occurrence networks of soil organisms across various trophic levels (including bacteria, fungi, protists, and invertebrates) in subtropical forests exhibit consistent responses to fire. Furthermore, we investigated their contribution to regulating soil multifunctionality, which is measured by a range of soil extracellular enzyme activities, available nutrients and reduced potential fungal plant pathogens. Our findings revealed that fire led to a decline in the richness of fungi, protists, and invertebrates, without significantly impacting bacterial richness. Fire also simplified the microbial co-occurrence networks while complexifying the invertebrate networks. Interestingly, soil multifunctionality tended to decrease with the richness of lower-trophic communities (i.e., bacteria), whereas it increased with that of high-trophic communities (i.e., protists and invertebrates). Moreover, fire indirectly influenced soil multifunctionality by altering biodiversity and network complexity, particularly pronounced in high-trophic communities. Overall, our results underscored the divergent vulnerability of biodiversity and networks to fires across taxa groups, highlighting the crucial role of biodiversity and interactions of higher trophic taxa groups in shaping the recovery and functionality of fire-affected soils.

大范围的森林火灾对土壤中栖息的多种生物群落及其支持的多种生态系统功能构成了重大挑战。然而,不同分类群的生物多样性和相互作用是否在方向和范围上对火灾做出一致的反应,以及它们在调节火灾后土壤功能方面的相对作用,在很大程度上仍未得到探讨。在这项研究中,我们调查了亚热带森林中不同营养级(包括细菌、真菌、原生生物和无脊椎动物)土壤生物的多样性和共生网络是否对火灾表现出一致的反应。此外,我们还研究了它们对调节土壤多功能性的贡献,这种多功能性是通过一系列土壤胞外酶活性、可用养分和潜在真菌植物病原体的减少来衡量的。我们的研究结果表明,火灾导致真菌、原生动物和无脊椎动物的丰富度下降,但对细菌的丰富度没有显著影响。火灾还简化了微生物共生网络,同时复杂化了无脊椎动物网络。有趣的是,土壤多功能性随着低营养群落(即细菌)丰富度的增加而降低,而随着高营养群落(即原生生物和无脊椎动物)丰富度的增加而增加。此外,火灾通过改变生物多样性和网络复杂性间接影响了土壤的多功能性,这在高营养群落中尤为明显。总之,我们的研究结果强调了不同类群的生物多样性和网络对火灾的脆弱性,突出了生物多样性和高营养类群的相互作用在塑造受火灾影响土壤的恢复和功能方面的关键作用。
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引用次数: 0
Reconstructing historical forest fire risk in the non-satellite era using the improved forest fire danger index and long short-term memory deep learning-a case study in Sichuan Province, southwestern China 利用改进的森林火险指数和长短期记忆深度学习重建非卫星时代的历史森林火险--中国西南部四川省的案例研究
IF 4.1 1区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100170
Yuwen Peng , Huiyi Su , Min Sun , Mingshi Li

Historical forest fire risk databases are vital for evaluating the effectiveness of past forest management approaches, enhancing forest fire warnings and emergency response capabilities, and accurately budgeting potential carbon emissions resulting from fires. However, due to the unavailability of spatial information technology, such databases are extremely difficult to build reliably and completely in the non-satellite era. This study presented an improved forest fire risk reconstruction framework that integrates a deep learning-based time series prediction model and spatial interpolation to address the challenge in Sichuan Province, southwestern China. First, the forest fire danger index (FFDI) was improved by supplementing slope and aspect information. We compared the performances of three time series models, namely, the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA), Prophet and long short-term memory (LSTM) in predicting the modified forest fire danger index (MFFDI). The best-performing model was used to retrace the MFFDI of individual stations from 1941 to 1970. Following this, the Anusplin spatial interpolation method was used to map the distributions of the MFFDI at five-year intervals, which were then subjected to weighted overlay with the distance-to-river layer to generate forest fire risk maps for reconstructing the forest fire danger database. The results revealed LSTM as the most accurate in fitting and predicting the historical MFFDI, with a fitting determination coefficient (R2) of 0.709, mean square error (MSE) of 0.047, and validation R2 and MSE of 0.508 and 0.11, respectively. Independent validation of the predicted forest fire risk maps indicated that 5 out of 7 historical forest fire events were located in forest fire-prone areas, which is higher than the results determined from the original FFDI (2 out of 7). This proves the effectiveness of the improved MFFDI and indicates a high level of reliability of the historical forest fire risk reconstruction method proposed in this study.

历史森林火灾风险数据库对于评估过去森林管理方法的有效性、提高森林火灾预警和应急能力以及准确预算火灾可能造成的碳排放至关重要。然而,由于空间信息技术的不可得性,在非卫星时代建立可靠、完整的此类数据库极为困难。本研究提出了一个改进的森林火灾风险重建框架,该框架集成了基于深度学习的时间序列预测模型和空间插值,以解决中国西南部四川省面临的挑战。首先,通过补充坡度和坡向信息改进了森林火险指数(FFDI)。我们比较了自回归综合移动平均(ARIMA)、先知(Prophet)和长短期记忆(LSTM)这三种时间序列模型在预测修正的森林火险指数(MFFDI)方面的表现。使用表现最好的模型回溯了 1941 年至 1970 年各个站点的森林火险指数。随后,使用 Anusplin 空间插值法绘制了以五年为间隔的森林火险指数分布图,然后与河流距离层进行加权叠加,生成森林火险图,用于重建森林火险数据库。结果显示,LSTM 在拟合和预测历史 MFFDI 方面最为准确,拟合判定系数 (R2) 为 0.709,均方误差 (MSE) 为 0.047,验证 R2 和 MSE 分别为 0.508 和 0.11。对预测的森林火险图进行的独立验证表明,在 7 次历史森林火灾事件中,有 5 次位于森林火灾易发区,高于根据原始森林火灾指数确定的结果(7 次中有 2 次)。这证明了改进型 MFFDI 的有效性,并表明本研究提出的历史森林火险重建方法具有很高的可靠性。
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引用次数: 0
Evolution history dominantly regulates fine root lifespan in tree species across the world 进化史对全球树种细根寿命的主要调节作用
IF 4.1 1区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100211
Xingzhao Huang , Zhouying Lu , Fangbing Li , Yang Deng , Fangfang Wan , Quancheng Wang , Fousseni Folega , Jinsong Wang , Zijian Guo

Understanding the drivers of variations in fine root lifespan is key to informing nutrient cycling and productivity in terrestrial ecosystems. However, the general patterns and determinants of forest fine root lifespan at the global scale are still limited. We compiled a dataset of 421 fine root lifespan observations from 76 tree species globally to assess phylogenetic signals among species, explored relationships between fine root lifespan and biotic and abiotic factors, and quantified the relative importance of phylogeny, root system structure and functions, climatic and edaphic factors in driving global fine root lifespan variations. Overall, fine root lifespan showed a clear phylogenetic signal, with gymnosperms having a longer fine root lifespan than angiosperms. Fine root lifespan was longer for evergreens than deciduous trees. Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) plants had an extended fine root lifespan than arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) plants. Among different climatic zones, fine root lifespan was the longest in the boreal zone, while it did not vary between the temperate and tropical zone. Fine root lifespan increased with soil depth and root order. Furthermore, the analysis of relative importance indicated that phylogeny was the strongest driver influencing the variation in forest fine root lifespan, followed by soil clay content, root order, mean annual temperature, and soil depth, while other environmental factors and root traits exerted weaker effects. Our results suggest that the global pattern of fine root lifespan in forests is shaped by the interplay of phylogeny, root traits and environmental factors. These findings necessitate accurate representations of tree evolutionary history in earth system models to predict fine root longevity and its responses to global changes.

了解细根寿命变化的驱动因素是了解陆地生态系统养分循环和生产力的关键。然而,全球范围内森林细根寿命的一般模式和决定因素仍然有限。我们汇编了来自全球76个树种的421个细根寿命观测数据集,以评估树种间的系统发育信号,探讨细根寿命与生物和非生物因素之间的关系,并量化系统发育、根系结构和功能、气候和环境因素在驱动全球细根寿命变化中的相对重要性。总体而言,细根寿命显示出明显的系统发育信号,裸子植物的细根寿命长于被子植物。常绿树的细根寿命长于落叶树。外生菌根(ECM)植物的细根寿命长于丛枝菌根(AM)植物。在不同气候带中,北方地区的细根寿命最长,而温带和热带地区的细根寿命没有差异。细根寿命随着土壤深度和根序的增加而延长。此外,相对重要性分析表明,系统发育是影响森林细根寿命变化的最强驱动因子,其次是土壤粘土含量、根序、年平均温度和土壤深度,而其他环境因子和根系性状的影响较弱。我们的研究结果表明,森林细根寿命的全球模式是由系统发育、根系性状和环境因素相互作用形成的。这些发现要求在地球系统模型中准确描述树木进化史,以预测细根寿命及其对全球变化的响应。
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引用次数: 0
The changes in soil organic carbon stock and quality across a subalpine forest successional series 亚高山森林演替序列中土壤有机碳储量和质量的变化
IF 4.1 1区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100203
Fei Li , Zhihui Wang , Jianfeng Hou , Xuqing Li , Dan Wang , Wanqin Yang

Soil organic carbon (SOC) affects the function of terrestrial ecosystem and plays a vital role in global carbon cycle. Yet, large uncertainty still existed regarding the changes in SOC stock and quality with forest succession. Here, the stock and quality of SOC at 1-m soil profile were investigated across a subalpine forest series, including shrub, deciduous broad-leaved forest, broadleaf-conifer mixed forest, middle-age coniferous forest and mature coniferous forest, which located at southeast of Tibetan Plateau. The results showed that SOC stock ranged from 9.8 to 29.9 ​kg⋅m−2, and exhibited a hump-shaped response pattern across the forest successional series. The highest and lowest SOC stock was observed in the mixed forest and shrub forest, respectively. The SOC stock had no significant relationships with soil temperature and litter stock, but was positively correlated with wood debris stock. Meanwhile, the average percentages of polysaccharides, lignins, aromatics and aliphatics based on FTIR spectroscopy were 79.89%, 0.94%, 18.87% and 0.29%, respectively. Furthermore, the percentage of polysaccharides exhibited an increasing pattern across the forest successional series except for the sudden decreasing in the mixed forest, while the proportions of lignins, aromatics and aliphatics exhibited a decreasing pattern across the forest successional series except for the sudden increasing in the mixed forest. Consequently, the humification indices (HIs) were highest in the mixed forest compared to the other four successional stages, which means that the SOC quality in mixed forest was worse than other successional stages. In addition, the SOC stock, recalcitrant fractions and HIs decreased with increasing soil depth, while the polysaccharides exhibited an increasing pattern. These findings demonstrate that the mixed forest had higher SOC stock and worse SOC quality than other successional stages. The high proportion of SOC stock (66% at depth of 20–100 ​cm) and better SOC quality (lower HIs) indicate that deep soil have tremendous potential to store SOC and needs more attention under global change.

土壤有机碳(SOC)影响陆地生态系统的功能,在全球碳循环中发挥着重要作用。然而,随着森林演替,土壤有机碳储量和质量的变化仍存在很大的不确定性。本文研究了位于青藏高原东南部的亚高山森林系列(包括灌木林、落叶阔叶林、阔叶-针叶混交林、中龄针叶林和成熟针叶林)1米土壤剖面的SOC储量和质量。结果表明,SOC 储量范围为 9.8 至 29.9 kg-m-2,在森林演替序列中呈驼峰型响应模式。混交林和灌木林的 SOC 储量分别最高和最低。SOC 储量与土壤温度和枯落物储量无显著关系,但与木屑储量呈正相关。同时,根据傅立叶变换红外光谱,多糖、木质素、芳香族和脂肪族的平均比例分别为 79.89%、0.94%、18.87% 和 0.29%。此外,多糖的比例在各森林演替序列中均呈上升趋势,但在混交林中突然下降;而木质素、芳香族和脂肪族的比例在各森林演替序列中均呈下降趋势,但在混交林中突然上升。因此,与其他四个演替阶段相比,混交林的腐殖化指数(HIs)最高,这意味着混交林的 SOC 质量比其他演替阶段差。此外,SOC 储量、难降解组分和 HIs 随土壤深度的增加而降低,而多糖则呈上升趋势。这些发现表明,与其他演替阶段相比,混交林的 SOC 储量更高,SOC 质量更差。高比例的 SOC 储量(20-100 厘米深度为 66%)和较好的 SOC 质量(较低的 HIs)表明,深层土壤具有储存 SOC 的巨大潜力,在全球变化的情况下需要更多的关注。
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引用次数: 0
Individual tree segmentation in occluded complex forest stands through ellipsoid directional searching and point compensation 通过椭球定向搜索和点补偿在遮蔽的复杂林分中进行单棵树分割
IF 3.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100238

Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) accurately captures tree structural information and provides prerequisites for tree-scale estimations of forest biophysical attributes. Quantifying tree-scale attributes from TLS point clouds requires segmentation, yet the occlusion effects severely affect the accuracy of automated individual tree segmentation. In this study, we proposed a novel method using ellipsoid directional searching and point compensation algorithms to alleviate occlusion effects. Firstly, region growing and point compensation algorithms are used to determine the location of tree roots. Secondly, the neighbor points are extracted within an ellipsoid neighborhood to mitigate occlusion effects compared with k-nearest neighbor (KNN). Thirdly, neighbor points are uniformly subsampled by the directional searching algorithm based on the Fibonacci principle in multiple spatial directions to reduce memory consumption. Finally, a graph describing connectivity between a point and its neighbors is constructed, and it is utilized to complete individual tree segmentation based on the shortest path algorithm. The proposed method was evaluated on a public TLS dataset comprising six forest plots with three complexity categories in Evo, Finland, and it reached the highest mean accuracy of 77.5%, higher than previous studies on tree detection. We also extracted and validated the tree structure attributes using manual segmentation reference values. The RMSE, RMSE%, bias, and bias% of tree height, crown base height, crown projection area, crown surface area, and crown volume were used to evaluate the segmentation accuracy, respectively. Overall, the proposed method avoids many inherent limitations of current methods and can accurately map canopy structures in occluded complex forest stands.

地面激光扫描(TLS)可准确捕捉树木结构信息,为树木尺度的森林生物物理属性估算提供先决条件。从 TLS 点云中量化树木尺度属性需要进行分割,然而遮挡效应严重影响了单棵树木自动分割的准确性。在这项研究中,我们提出了一种利用椭球体定向搜索和点补偿算法来缓解遮挡效应的新方法。首先,利用区域生长和点补偿算法确定树根的位置。其次,与 k-nearest neighbor(KNN)相比,在椭球邻域内提取邻近点以减轻遮挡效应。第三,通过基于斐波那契原理的定向搜索算法,在多个空间方向上对邻近点进行均匀采样,以减少内存消耗。最后,构建描述点与其邻居之间连接性的图,并利用该图完成基于最短路径算法的单个树分割。我们在芬兰埃沃的一个公共 TLS 数据集上对所提出的方法进行了评估,该数据集包括三个复杂度类别的六个森林地块,其平均准确率高达 77.5%,高于以往的树木检测研究。我们还使用人工分割参考值提取并验证了树结构属性。树高、树冠基高、树冠投影面积、树冠表面积和树冠体积的均方根误差、均方根误差%、偏差和偏差%分别用于评估分割精度。总体而言,所提出的方法避免了现有方法的许多固有局限性,能够准确绘制遮蔽复杂林分的树冠结构图。
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引用次数: 0
Potential reduction in carbon fixation capacity under climate change in a Pinus koraiensis forest 气候变化可能降低柯来松林的碳固定能力
IF 4.1 1区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100183
Dong Kook Woo

There has been an increasing recognition of the crucial role of forests, responsible for sequestering atmospheric CO2, as a moral imperative for mitigating the pace of climate change. The complexity of evaluating climate change impacts on forest carbon and water dynamics lies in the diverse acclimations of forests to changing environments. In this study, we assessed two of the most common acclimation traits, namely leaf area index and the maximum rate of carboxylation (Vcmax), to explore the potential acclimation pathways of Pinus koraiensis under climate change. We used a mechanistic and process-based ecohydrological model applied to a P. koraiensis forest in Mt. Taehwa, South Korea. We conducted numerical investigations into the impacts of (i) Shared Socioeconomic Pathways 2–4.5 (SSP2-4.5) and 5–8.5 (SSP5-8.5), (ii) elevated atmospheric CO2 and temperature, and (iii) acclimations of leaf area index and Vcmax on the carbon and water dynamics of P. koraiensis. We found that there was a reduction in net primary productivity (NPP) under the SSP2-4.5 scenario, but not under SSP5-8.5, compared to the baseline, due to an imbalance between increases in atmospheric CO2 and temperature. A decrease in leaf area index and an increase in Vcmax of P. koraiensis were expected if acclimations were made to reduce its leaf temperature. Under such acclimation pathways, it would be expected that the well-known CO2 fertilizer effects on NPP would be attenuated.

越来越多的人认识到,负责封存大气中二氧化碳的森林的关键作用是减缓气候变化速度的道义责任。评估气候变化对森林碳和水动态影响的复杂性在于森林对环境变化的各种适应性。在本研究中,我们评估了两种最常见的适应性状,即叶面积指数和最大羧化速率(Vcmax),以探索柯来松在气候变化下的潜在适应途径。我们使用了一个基于机理和过程的生态水文模型,并将其应用于韩国太和山的柯来松林。我们通过数值研究了(i) 共同社会经济路径 2-4.5 (SSP2-4.5) 和 5-8.5 (SSP5-8.5)、(ii) 大气二氧化碳和温度升高、(iii) 叶面积指数和 Vcmax 的适应性对 P. koraiensis 的碳和水动态的影响。我们发现,与基线相比,在 SSP2-4.5 情景下,净初级生产力(NPP)有所下降,但在 SSP5-8.5 情景下没有下降,原因是大气中二氧化碳和温度的升高不平衡。如果采取适应措施降低 P. koraiensis 的叶片温度,预计其叶面积指数会降低,Vcmax 会增加。在这种适应途径下,众所周知的二氧化碳肥料对 NPP 的影响预计会减弱。
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引用次数: 0
Unveiling the adaptation strategies of woody plants in remnant forest patches to spatiotemporal urban expansion through leaf trait networks 通过叶片性状网络揭示残余森林斑块中木本植物对时空城市扩张的适应策略
IF 4.1 1区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100186
Mengping Jian, Jingyi Yang

Background

With the expansion of urban areas, the remnants of forested areas play a crucial role in preserving biodiversity in urban environments. This study aimed to explore the impact of spatiotemporal urban expansion on the networks of leaf traits in woody plants within remnant forest patches, thereby enhancing our understanding of plant adaptive strategies and contributing to the conservation of urban biodiversity.

Methods

Our study examined woody plants within 120 sample plots across 15 remnant forest patches in Guiyang, China. We constructed leaf trait networks (LTNs) based on 26 anatomical, structural, and compositional leaf traits and assessed the effects of the spatiotemporal dynamics of urban expansion on these LTNs.

Results and conclusions

Our results indicate that shrubs within these patches have greater average path lengths and diameters than trees. With increasing urban expansion intensity, we observed a rise in the edge density of the LTN-shrubs. Additionally, modularity within the networks of shrubs decreased as road density and urban expansion intensity increased, and increases in the average path length and average clustering coefficient for shrubs were observed with a rise in the composite terrain complexity index. Notably, patches subjected to ‘leapfrog’ expansion exhibited greater average patch length and diameter than those experiencing edge growth. Stomatal traits were found to have high degree centrality within these networks, signifying their substantial contribution to multiple functions. In urban remnant forests, shrubs bolster their resilience to variable environmental pressures by augmenting the complexity of their leaf trait networks.

背景随着城市地区的扩张,残余林区在保护城市环境中的生物多样性方面发挥着至关重要的作用。本研究旨在探讨城市时空扩张对残次林斑块内木本植物叶片性状网络的影响,从而加深我们对植物适应策略的理解,为保护城市生物多样性做出贡献。我们根据 26 个解剖、结构和成分叶片特征构建了叶片特征网络(LTN),并评估了城市扩张的时空动态对这些 LTN 的影响。随着城市扩张强度的增加,我们观察到 LTN 灌木的边缘密度也在增加。此外,随着道路密度和城市扩张强度的增加,灌木网络内的模块化程度也在降低,而且随着综合地形复杂性指数的增加,灌木的平均路径长度和平均聚类系数也在增加。值得注意的是,与边缘生长的灌木相比,"跃进式 "扩张的灌木斑块表现出更大的平均斑块长度和直径。研究发现,气孔性状在这些网络中具有较高的度中心性,这表明它们对多种功能做出了重大贡献。在城市残余森林中,灌木通过提高叶片性状网络的复杂性,增强了对多变环境压力的适应能力。
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引用次数: 0
Polypore funga and species diversity in tropical forest ecosystems of Africa, America and Asia, and a comparison with temperate and boreal regions of the Northern Hemisphere 非洲、美洲和亚洲热带森林生态系统中的多孔菌真菌和物种多样性,以及与北半球温带和寒带地区的比较
IF 4.1 1区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100200
Heng Zhao , Yingda Wu , Zhirong Yang , Honggao Liu , Fang Wu , Yucheng Dai , Yuan Yuan

Polypores play a crucial role in energy recycling and forest regeneration in forest ecosystems. The majority of them are wood degraders; some are forest pathogens and others are ectomycorrhizal symbionts. The basidiocarps provide food and shelter for many organisms, mostly invertebrates, but also some vertebrates, as well as food and medicine for humans. Despite extensive research on the species diversity and phylogenetic relationships of polypores in recent years, there remains a lack of comprehensive understanding of their distribution patterns and species composition at the large scale. Checklists of polypores from the tropical zone, including tropical Africa, tropical America, and tropical Asia, were analyzed for species diversity, distribution patterns, major taxa, and nutritional modes. A total of 1,902 polypore species was found in the three regions, representing 8 orders, 46 families, and 250 genera of Agaricomycetes. The orders Polyporales (especially the family Polyporaceae) and Hymenochaetales (especially the family Hymenochaetaceae) had the most prolific taxa, with their species accounting for 93.4% of the total polypores listed. Each of 1,565 (or 82.3%) of the total 1,902 species were found in only one of the three regions studied, and we treat them temporarily as “regional endemic species”. Only 141 species were shared among all three regions, accounting for a mere 7.4%. Tropical Africa and tropical America had the greatest number of shared species and the highest Sørensen similarity index (SC) value. Tropical forests had a higher species richness compared with temperate to boreal forests of the Northern Hemisphere, and in addition, also a higher proportion of white rot polypores compared to brown rot and ectomycorrhizal species. This study outlines the distribution patterns and species diversity of polypores in the world, shedding light on their ecological significance in diverse ecosystems.

多孔菌在森林生态系统的能量循环和森林再生中发挥着至关重要的作用。它们中的大多数是木材降解者;有些是森林病原体,有些是外生菌根共生体。基生菌为许多生物(主要是无脊椎动物,也有一些脊椎动物)提供食物和栖息地,也为人类提供食物和药物。尽管近年来对多孔菌的物种多样性和系统发育关系进行了广泛研究,但对其在大尺度上的分布模式和物种组成仍缺乏全面了解。研究人员对热带地区(包括热带非洲、热带美洲和热带亚洲)的多孔菌核对表进行了分析,以了解其物种多样性、分布模式、主要类群和营养模式。在这三个地区共发现了 1 902 种多孔菌类,代表了姬松茸属的 8 目 46 科 250 属。多孔菌目(尤其是多孔菌科)和半知菌目(尤其是半知菌科)的多孔菌类群数量最多,其种类占所列多孔菌总数的 93.4%。在总共 1 902 个物种中,有 1 565 个物种(占 82.3%)只在所研究的三个地区中的一个地区发现,我们暂且将其视为 "地区特有物种"。只有 141 个物种是三个地区共有的,仅占 7.4%。热带非洲和热带美洲的共有物种数量最多,索伦森相似性指数(SC)值也最高。与北半球的温带森林和北方森林相比,热带森林的物种丰富度更高,此外,与褐腐菌和外生菌根物种相比,白腐多孔菌的比例也更高。这项研究概述了多孔菌在全球的分布模式和物种多样性,揭示了它们在不同生态系统中的生态意义。
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引用次数: 0
A bibliometric analysis using machine learning to track paradigm shifts and analytical advances in forest ecology and forestry journal publications from 2010 to 2022 利用机器学习进行文献计量分析,跟踪 2010 年至 2022 年森林生态学和林业期刊出版物的范式转变和分析进展
IF 3.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100233

Forest habitats are critical for biodiversity, ecosystem services, human livelihoods, and well-being. Capacity to conduct theoretical and applied forest ecology research addressing direct (e.g., deforestation) and indirect (e.g., climate change) anthropogenic pressures has benefited considerably from new field- and statistical-techniques. We used machine learning and bibliometric structural topic modelling to identify 20 latent topics comprising four principal fields from a corpus of 16,952 forest ecology/forestry articles published in eight ecology and five forestry journals between 2010 and 2022. Articles published per year increased from 820 in 2010 to 2,354 in 2021, shifting toward more applied topics. Publications from China and some countries in North America and Europe dominated, with relatively fewer articles from some countries in West and Central Africa and West Asia, despite globally important forest resources. Most study sites were in some countries in North America, Central Asia, and South America, and Australia. Articles utilizing R statistical software predominated, increasing from 29.5% in 2010 to 71.4% in 2022. The most frequently used packages included lme4, vegan, nlme, MuMIn, ggplot2, car, MASS, mgcv, multcomp and raster. R was more often used in forest ecology than applied forestry articles. R software offers advantages in script and workflow-sharing compared to other statistical packages. Our findings demonstrate that the disciplines of forest ecology/forestry are expanding both in number and scope, aided by more sophisticated statistical tools, to tackle the challenges of redressing forest habitat loss and the socio-economic impacts of deforestation.

森林栖息地对生物多样性、生态系统服务、人类生计和福祉至关重要。针对直接(如森林砍伐)和间接(如气候变化)人为压力开展森林生态学理论和应用研究的能力大大受益于新的领域和统计技术。我们利用机器学习和文献计量结构主题建模技术,从 2010 年至 2022 年间在 8 种生态学期刊和 5 种林业期刊上发表的 16,952 篇森林生态学/林业文章语料库中识别出 20 个潜在主题,包括 4 个主要领域。每年发表的文章从 2010 年的 820 篇增加到 2021 年的 2,354 篇,转向更多的应用主题。来自中国以及北美和欧洲一些国家的文章占多数,而来自西非、中非和西亚一些国家的文章相对较少,尽管这些国家的森林资源在全球具有重要地位。大多数研究地点位于北美、中亚、南美和澳大利亚的一些国家。使用 R 统计软件的文章占多数,从 2010 年的 29.5%增至 2022 年的 71.4%。最常用的软件包包括 lme4、vegan、nlme、MuMIn、ggplot2、car、MASS、mgcv、multcomp 和 raster。森林生态学比应用林业文章更常使用 R 软件。与其他统计软件包相比,R 软件在脚本和工作流程共享方面具有优势。我们的研究结果表明,森林生态学/林业学科在数量和范围上都在不断扩大,并借助更先进的统计工具来应对森林栖息地丧失和毁林造成的社会经济影响等挑战。
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引用次数: 0
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Forest Ecosystems
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