Forest Ecosystems最新文献_第3页

Non-native shrub overrides understory assembly rules through ecosystem engineering 非原生灌木通过生态系统工程覆盖了林下植物的组合规则

IF 4.4 1区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecosystems

Pub Date : 2025-11-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.fecs.2025.100412

Patryk Czortek , Mateusz Rawlik , Marcin Koprowski , Piotr Sewerniak , Radosław Puchałka

Non-native plants are increasingly recognized as ecosystem engineers across a wide range of ecosystems. While their impacts on understory composition have been widely documented, consequences for community assembly remain largely unexplored. We investigated the engineering impacts of Sorbaria sorbifolia, a naturalized Rosaceae shrub, on abiotic conditions and understory community assembly in Central European forests. Across 60 plots spanning coniferous and deciduous stands, we quantified light availability, organic layer C/N ratio and thickness, and understory functional diversity along an invasion gradient. Using ordination and linear regression, we found that increasing S. sorbifolia cover reduced light availability, thickened the organic layer, and altered C/N ratio in contrasting, forest-type-specific ways. In coniferous stands, invasion increased C/N and strongly suppressed understory light, whereas in deciduous stands it reduced C/N with weaker shading effects. These changes translate into consistent declines in functional richness and dispersion, particularly in coniferous forests where invasion led to homogenization of the understory. Trait shifts indicated stronger habitat filtering under invasion, with declines in specific leaf area (SLA) and increases in leaf dry matter content and seed mass, reflecting exclusion of light-demanding species and persistence of stress-tolerant taxa and woody seedlings. Remarkably, once S. sorbifolia exceeded ∼50% cover, positive relationships between habitat properties and understory functional diversity collapsed, replaced by uniform light limitation. This threshold effect highlights S. sorbifolia as an ecosystem engineer, capable of transforming forest structure and regeneration trajectories. Early detection and management are therefore crucial to prevent long-term homogenization and the formation of novel, invasion-driven forest states.

非本地植物越来越被认为是广泛生态系统中的生态系统工程师。虽然它们对林下植被组成的影响已被广泛记录，但对群落聚集的影响在很大程度上仍未被探索。研究了归化蔷薇科灌木Sorbaria sorbifolia对中欧森林非生物条件和林下群落聚集的工程影响。在60个样地，包括针叶林和落叶林，我们沿着入侵梯度量化了光有效性、有机层C/N比和厚度以及林下功能多样性。通过排序和线性回归分析，我们发现增加文冠盖度会降低光效，增加有机层厚度，并以不同林型的方式改变C/N比。在针叶林中，入侵增加了C/N，强烈抑制了林下光照，而在落叶林中，入侵降低了C/N，遮光作用较弱。这些变化转化为功能丰富度和分散度的持续下降，特别是在针叶林中，入侵导致下层植被同质化。性状变化表明，入侵对生境的过滤作用更强，比叶面积（SLA）下降，叶片干物质含量和种子质量增加，反映了需光物种的排除和耐胁迫分类群和木本幼苗的持续存在。值得注意的是，一旦文冠枯盖度超过50%，生境特性和林下功能多样性之间的正相关关系就会消失，取而代之的是均匀光照限制。这种阈值效应凸显了文冠是一个生态系统工程师，能够改变森林结构和更新轨迹。因此，早期发现和管理对于防止长期同质化和形成新的、由入侵驱动的森林状态至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Old-growth mixed beech-dominated forests continue accumulating carbon with advancing age 以混合山毛榉为主的原始森林随着年龄的增长继续积累碳

IF 4.4 1区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecosystems

Pub Date : 2025-11-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.fecs.2025.100411

Katarína Markuljaková , Marek Svitok , Martin Mikoláš , Jeňýk Hofmeister , Wiliam S. Keeton , Anders Alhström , Dheeraj Ralhan , Jakob Pavlin , Audrey Rose Salerno , Daniel Kozák , Daniela Dúhová , Pavel Janda , Stjepan Mikac , Tzvetan Zlatanov , Momchil Panayotov , Elvin Toromani , Srdjan Keren , Abdulla Dikku , Cătălin-Constantin Roibu , Krešimir Begović , Miroslav Svoboda

Old-growth forests uniquely support biodiversity while serving as some of the planet's most important carbon stocks. The influence of tree and stand age on carbon flux dynamics remains debated—an urgent question as climate-driven disturbances may reshape forest age structures and in situ carbon storage. To clarify these relationships in Fagus sylvatica, systems, we examined a unique dataset of 3,503 tree ring series from 190 plots across some of the best preserved old-growth forests from five southern European countries. By employing a dendrochronological approach and integrating key environmental variables, including elevation, slope, temperature, and the presence of large-diameter trees (≥60 cm), we analyzed the complex relationships between tree/stand age within a plot (represented by plot-level mean values, hereafter “stand age”) and aboveground carbon stock across live, standing, and lying deadwood pools. The average stand age was 220 years, with 230 tC·ha⁻¹ of carbon stored in aboveground biomass and necromass. We found a positive correlation between age and carbon storage at both the individual tree and plot levels. Notably, the presence of large-diameter trees was the strongest indicator of carbon stock, with carbon accumulation peaking at about 30% large-tree stems proportion before stabilising, while younger beech trees (below 100 years old) had a smaller contribution to carbon storage. We found no evidence of a decline in carbon stock with advancing stand age across the studied sites. Despite the ecological importance of old-growth forests, many of them remain unprotected and are disappearing across Europe. Our findings highlight the importance of preserving old-growth forests to maximize their role as long-term ecosystem carbon reservoirs.

原始森林独特地支持着生物多样性，同时也是地球上最重要的碳储量之一。树木和林分年龄对碳通量动力学的影响仍然存在争议，这是一个迫切的问题，因为气候驱动的干扰可能重塑森林年龄结构和原位碳储量。为了澄清这些关系，我们研究了一个独特的数据集，其中包括来自五个南欧国家保存最完好的原始森林的190个样地的3503个树木年轮系列。通过采用树木年代学方法，结合海拔、坡度、温度和大直径树木（≥60 cm）的存在等关键环境变量，分析了样地内树木/林龄（用样地水平平均值表示，以下简称“林龄”）与活、立、卧枯木池地上碳储量之间的复杂关系。林龄平均为220年，地上生物量和坏死物碳储量为230 tC·ha−1。我们发现树龄与碳储量在单株和样地水平上均呈正相关。值得注意的是，大直径树木的存在是碳储量的最强指标，碳积累在大树干比例约30%时达到峰值，然后趋于稳定，而幼龄山毛榉（100岁以下）对碳储量的贡献较小。我们没有发现碳储量随林龄增长而下降的证据。尽管原生林具有重要的生态意义，但在欧洲，许多原生林仍未受到保护，甚至正在消失。我们的研究结果强调了保护原始森林的重要性，以最大限度地发挥其作为长期生态系统碳库的作用。

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引用次数: 0

Wildfire increased summer low flows in snow-dominated watersheds: A combined approach of hydrometric monitoring and geochemical tracing 野火增加了积雪占主导地位的流域夏季低流量：水文监测和地球化学示踪的结合方法

IF 4.4 1区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecosystems

Pub Date : 2025-11-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.fecs.2025.100408

Shixuan Lyu , Xiaohua Wei , Ming Qiu , Mackenzie Myers , Zhaozhi Wang , Jinyu Hui , Wenhui Yan , Tongqing Shen , Meirong Sun , Shuhui Wang , Yiping Hou

Forests are experiencing more frequent and intense wildfires in Canada, which pose considerable threats to water quantity and quality, particularly during the summer low-flow period when water demand is high. While the impacts of wildfire on hydrology have been widely assessed at the watershed scale, the underlying mechanisms of the responses of summer low flows remain poorly understood. In this study, we employed an integrated research framework that combines hydrometric monitoring with geochemical tracing to evaluate how the 2021 White Rock Lake Wildfire affected summer low flows, and to identify the underlying mechanisms governing these responses in the Okanagan Valley, British Columbia (BC), Canada. We found that (1) summer low flows, represented by Q₉₀ (flows exceeded at 90% of the time in summer) significantly increased following the wildfire (p < 0.05); (2) summer low flows were primarily regulated by snow water in early summer (July), while dominated by groundwater in late summer (August and September); and (3) enhanced snow water contribution and reduced evapotranspiration (ET) were two primary contributors to the increased summer low flows. Our results provide insights for developing sustainable water management strategies for the region in the context of climate change and increasing forest disturbance. This study also demonstrates that the combination of hydrometric monitoring and geochemical tracing is an effective approach towards uncovering mechanisms that drive low-flow responses.

加拿大的森林正在经历更频繁和强烈的野火，这对水的数量和质量构成相当大的威胁，特别是在夏季低流量期间，因为水的需求很高。虽然野火对水文的影响已经在流域尺度上得到了广泛的评估，但对夏季低流量响应的潜在机制仍然知之甚少。在这项研究中，我们采用了一个综合的研究框架，将水文监测与地球化学示踪相结合，以评估2021年白岩湖野火如何影响加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省（BC）奥肯那根山谷的夏季低流量，并确定控制这些响应的潜在机制。结果发现：(1)夏季低流量，以Q90（夏季90%时间不超过流量）为代表，在野火后显著增加（p < 0.05）；(2)夏季低流量在初夏（7月）以雪水为主，在夏末（8、9月）以地下水为主；(3)积雪水贡献增加和蒸散发（ET）减少是夏季低流量增加的两个主要原因。我们的研究结果为该地区在气候变化和森林干扰增加的背景下制定可持续的水资源管理战略提供了见解。该研究还表明，水文观测和地球化学示踪剂的结合是揭示驱动低流量响应机制的有效方法。

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引用次数: 0

Temperature determines the biomass of forest floor bryophytes: A cross-regional investigation in 413 sites 温度决定森林地面苔藓植物生物量：413个站点的跨区域调查

IF 4.4 1区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecosystems

Pub Date : 2025-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.fecs.2025.100409

Zhe Wang , Defeng Feng , Yanqiang Jin , Mijun Zou , Beibei Gao , Xin Liu , Weikai Bao

Understory bryophytes play unique and disproportionately important roles in water retention, biogeochemical cycling, and biodiversity conservation, and serve as bioindicators of environmental health in forest ecosystems. However, biogeographical research on the biomass of forest bryophytes is inadequately studied and has been limited to elevational gradients. We conducted a systematic cross-regional survey of bryophyte biomass across 413 forest sites in Sichuan Province, China. We analyzed how each environmental variable, including climatic and atmospheric factors, overstory covers, and soil nutrients, relates to bryophyte biomass and quantified their relative contributions. The results indicate that, largely similar to previous local investigations and experiments, at a large scale, bryophytes are abundant in forests with lower temperature, nitrogen deposition, vapor pressure deficit, and tree and herb covers, as well as higher light availability. Moreover, bryophyte biomass is positively associated with soil carbon and nitrogen content. These environmental variables are closely related and jointly influence bryophyte biomass, with mean annual temperature being the most significant factor (accounting for 83% of the relative contribution). The biogeographical patterns of bryophyte biomass contribute to deepening our understanding of their adaptations to multiple environmental variables and enable us to predict their responses to global climate change. These patterns also provide essential evidence for establishing more accurate terrestrial vegetation ecosystem models.

林下苔藓植物在保水、生物地球化学循环和生物多样性保护等方面发挥着独特而重要的作用，是森林生态系统环境健康的生物指标。然而，关于森林苔藓生物量的生物地理学研究还不够充分，而且仅限于海拔梯度。对四川省413个森林样地的苔藓植物生物量进行了系统的跨区域调查。我们分析了气候和大气因子、植被覆盖度和土壤养分等环境变量与苔藓生物量的关系，并量化了它们的相对贡献。结果表明，与以往的局部调查和实验结果基本相似，在大尺度上，在温度较低、氮沉降较低、蒸汽压亏缺、乔木草本覆盖、光照有效度较高的森林中，苔藓植物丰富。此外，苔藓生物量与土壤碳氮含量呈正相关。这些环境变量密切相关，共同影响苔藓植物生物量，其中年平均温度是最显著的因素（占相对贡献的83%）。苔藓植物生物量的生物地理格局有助于加深我们对其适应多种环境变量的认识，并使我们能够预测其对全球气候变化的响应。这些模式也为建立更精确的陆地植被生态系统模型提供了重要依据。

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引用次数: 0

Canopy and understory nitrogen additions differentially regulate soil organic carbon fractions via litter–microbe–mineral interactions 冠层和林下氮添加量通过凋落物-微生物-矿物相互作用对土壤有机碳组分的调节存在差异

IF 4.4 1区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecosystems

Pub Date : 2025-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.fecs.2025.100410

Youchao Chen , Qinxi Liu , Xinli Chen , Ji Chen , Biao Zhu , Shenglei Fu , Scott X. Chang , Yanjiang Cai

The effects of nitrogen (N) deposition on forest soil organic carbon (SOC) are largely unclear, likely due to the divergent responses of particulate (POC) and mineral-associated carbon (MAOC). Conventional understory inorganic N (UIN) additions neglect canopy processes and the impacts of organic N, potentially misevaluating N deposition effects. This study was conducted in a long-term N addition experiment established in a Moso bamboo forest, which included six treatments combining canopy and understory N additions with organic (urea + glycine) and inorganic (NH₄NO₃) forms at a rate of 50 kg N·ha⁻¹·yr⁻¹. Litterbags were installed for a two-year decomposition experiment and collected at quarterly intervals, together with concurrent soil sampling under litterbags at 0–10 cm depth. We aimed to examine the effects of canopy vs. understory N addition and organic vs. inorganic N form on soil POC and MAOC concentrations. Our results showed that canopy N additions significantly reduced POC (−15.9%) but did not affect MAOC (P > 0.05). Conversely, understory N additions significantly increased POC (+30.9%) and decreased MAOC (−28.9%). Canopy N additions decreased POC by enhancing peroxidase activity and fungal diversity (FuD), while understory N additions promoted POC by inhibiting litter decomposition. Additionally, understory N addition-induced soil acidification decreased soil Ca²⁺ concentration, microbial carbon use efficiency, and bacterial necromass C, as well as the release of litter water-soluble compounds, thereby inhibiting MAOC. Moreover, nitrogen forms (organic vs. inorganic) had no effect on SOC fractions. Our findings underscore that canopy and understory N addition approaches differentially regulate SOC fractions by altering litter decomposition–microbial–mineral interactions, and the understory approach may overestimate soil POC gain and MAOC loss driven by atmospheric N deposition.

氮沉降对森林土壤有机碳（SOC）的影响在很大程度上是不清楚的，可能是由于颗粒（POC）和矿物相关碳（MAOC）的不同响应。传统的林下无机氮（un）添加忽略了林冠过程和有机氮的影响，潜在地错误评估了N沉降效应。本研究在毛梭竹林进行了长期施氮试验，包括6个处理，分别以有机（尿素+甘氨酸）和无机（NH4NO3）形式，以50 kg N·ha−1·yr−1的速率向林下和林下施氮。安装垃圾袋进行为期两年的分解实验，每季度收集一次，同时在垃圾袋下进行0-10 cm深度的土壤采样。研究了林冠和林下N添加量以及有机和无机N形态对土壤POC和MAOC浓度的影响。结果表明，添加冠层氮显著降低了POC(- 15.9%)，但对MAOC没有影响（P > 0.05）。相反，林下N添加显著提高POC(+30.9%)，降低MAOC（- 28.9%）。林冠氮素添加通过提高过氧化物酶活性和真菌多样性（FuD）降低POC，林下氮素添加通过抑制凋落物分解提高POC。此外，林下N添加引起的土壤酸化降低了土壤Ca2+浓度、微生物碳利用效率、细菌坏死质量C以及凋落物水溶性化合物的释放，从而抑制了MAOC。此外，氮形态（有机和无机）对有机碳分数没有影响。研究结果表明，林冠和林下加氮方法通过改变凋落物分解-微生物-矿物相互作用来调节土壤有机碳含量，林下加氮方法可能高估了大气氮沉降驱动的土壤POC增益和MAOC损失。

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引用次数: 0

Height-based biomass models differ for naturally regenerated and planted young trees 基于高度的生物量模型对于自然再生和种植的幼树是不同的

IF 4.4 1区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecosystems

Pub Date : 2025-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.fecs.2025.100406

Peter Marčiš , Jozef Pajtík , Bohdan Konôpka , Martin Lukac

This study investigated biomass allocation in young stands of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) across 31 forest sites in the Western Carpathians, Slovakia. A total of 541 trees aged 2–10 years, originating from natural regeneration and planting, were destructively sampled to quantify biomass in four components: foliage, branches, stems, and roots. Generalized non-linear least squares (GNLS) models with a weighing variance function outperformed log-transformed seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) models in terms of accuracy and robustness, especially for foliage and branch biomass. When using height as the predictor, SUR models tended to underestimate biomass in planted beech, leading to notable underprediction of aboveground and total biomass. Biomass allocation patterns varied significantly by species and regeneration origin. Using a non-linear system of equations and component ratio modelling, we found out that planted spruce displayed low variability and a consistent dominance of needle biomass, while naturally regenerated beech showed greater variability and a higher proportion of stem biomass, reflecting stronger competition-driven vertical growth. Interspecific differences in total biomass were more pronounced when using tree height, with spruce generally exhibiting greater biomass than beech at equivalent heights. Overall, stem base diameter marginally outperformed tree height as a predictor of biomass. However, tree height-based models showed strong performance and are particularly suitable for integration with remote sensing applications. These findings can directly support forest managers and modellers in comparing regeneration methods and biomass estimation approaches for early-stage stand development, carbon accounting, and remote sensing calibration.

研究了欧洲山毛榉（Fagus sylvatica L.）和挪威云杉（Picea abies (L.)）幼林的生物量分配。喀斯特)横跨斯洛伐克喀尔巴阡山脉西部的31个森林遗址。对541棵2 ~ 10年树龄的自然再生和种植树木进行了破坏性采样，量化了叶、枝、茎和根4个组成部分的生物量。具有加权方差函数的广义非线性最小二乘（GNLS）模型在精度和鲁棒性方面优于对数变换的看似不相关回归（SUR）模型，特别是在叶和枝生物量方面。当使用高度作为预测因子时，SUR模型倾向于低估人工山毛榉的生物量，导致地上生物量和总生物量的显著低估。生物量分配模式因物种和再生来源的不同而有显著差异。利用非线性方程系统和成分比模型，我们发现人工云杉表现出较低的变异性，针叶生物量占主导地位，而自然再生山毛榉表现出较大的变异性和较高的茎生物量比例，反映出更强的竞争驱动的垂直生长。当使用树高时，总生物量的种间差异更为明显，在同等高度下，云杉的生物量普遍大于山毛榉。总体而言，作为生物量的预测因子，茎基部直径略优于树高。然而，基于树高的模型表现出很强的性能，特别适合与遥感应用相结合。这些发现可以直接支持森林管理者和建模者比较早期林分发育的更新方法和生物量估算方法、碳核算和遥感校准。

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引用次数: 0

Enhanced warming due to afforestation and deforestation driven by both radiative and non-radiative effects in the mid-latitude Greater and Lesser Khingan mountains ecoregion of China 中国中纬度大兴安岭和小兴安岭生态区辐射和非辐射双重驱动下的造林和毁林增温

IF 4.4 1区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecosystems

Pub Date : 2025-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.fecs.2025.100407

Wenjuan Shen , Tongyu Wang , Zhuang Zuo , Jiaying He , Tao He , Xiangping Hu , Chengquan Huang

Temperate forests are vital for maintaining ecological security and regulating the global climate. Despite considerable controversy surrounding the biophysical impacts of temperate forests on mid-latitude temperatures, we analyzed the effects of forest cover change on local temperature using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model from 2010 to 2020 in the Greater and Lesser Khingan Mountains (GLKM), Northeastern China, and explored the related driving factors. The conversions between forest and open lands (i.e., cropland and grassland) were predominant. During the growing season, the conversion of cropland and grassland to forest resulted in warming (0.38 ± 0.10 and 0.41 ± 0.09 °C, respectively) in air temperature (Ta), while the reverse conversion caused cooling (−0.31 ± 0.08 and −0.24 ± 0.07 °C, respectively), which was less than the changes observed in land surface temperature (LST). Conversion of forest to impervious land caused warming (1.16 ± 0.11 °C), and the opposite conversion resulted in cooling (−0.88 ± 0.17 °C). These results indicate that radiative effects like albedo and net radiation drive the significant net warming effect from afforestation on open lands within the temperate forest ecoregion. Conversely, conversion to impervious land produced the most substantial net warming impacts, driven by non-radiative effects like sensible heat, latent heat, and ground heat flux (GH). In these conversions, temperature can indirectly influence precipitation (Pre) through vapor pressure deficit (VPD), and Pre can also indirectly affect temperature via evapotranspiration (ET). This study highlights the need to thoroughly understand the impacts of afforestation in temperate forests while avoiding deforestation to regulate the climate effectively.

温带森林对维护生态安全和调节全球气候至关重要。尽管温带森林对中纬度气温的生物物理影响存在较大争议，但我们利用2010 - 2020年气象研究与预报（WRF）模型，分析了东北大兴安岭和小兴安岭地区森林覆盖变化对当地气温的影响，并探讨了相关驱动因素。森林和空地（即农田和草地）之间的转换占主导地位。在生长季，退耕还林导致气温（Ta）升温（分别为0.38±0.10和0.41±0.09°C），退耕还林导致气温（Ta）降温（分别为- 0.31±0.08和- 0.24±0.07°C），其变化幅度小于地表温度（LST）。森林向不透水土地转化导致升温（1.16±0.11°C），反之导致降温（- 0.88±0.17°C）。这些结果表明，反照率和净辐射等辐射效应驱动了温带森林生态区内开放土地造林的显著净增温效应。相反，在感热、潜热和地面热通量（GH）等非辐射效应的驱动下，向不透水土地的转化产生了最显著的净变暖影响。在这些转换中，温度可以通过蒸汽压差（VPD）间接影响降水（Pre），而Pre也可以通过蒸散发（ET）间接影响温度。这项研究强调了在避免滥伐以有效调节气候的同时，需要彻底了解温带森林造林的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Discrepancies between predictions of mainstream empirical growth models and observed forest growth of Pinus radiata (D. Don) plantations in New Zealand 新西兰辐射松（D. Don）人工林主流经验生长模型预测与实测森林生长的差异

IF 4.4 1区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecosystems

Pub Date : 2025-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.fecs.2025.100404

Serajis Salekin, Yvette Dickinson, Jo Liddell, Christine Dodunski, Priscilla Lad, Steven Dovey, Donald A. White, David Pont

Pinus radiata (D. Don) dominates New Zealand's forestry industry, constituting 91% of plantations, and is among the world's most important plantation species. Given the socio-economic and environmental importance of this species, it is important to have accurate and precise projections over time to make efficient decisions for forest management and greenfield investments in afforestation projects, especially for permanent carbon forests. Future projections of any natural resource systems rely on modeling; however, the acceleration of climate change makes future projections of yield less certain. These challenges also impact national expectations of the contribution planted forests will provide to address climate change and meet international commitments under the Paris Agreement. Using a large national-scale set of contemporary ground-measured data (2013–2023), this study investigates the performance of two growth models developed over 30 years ago that are widely used by NZ plantation growers: 1) the Pumice Plateau Model 1988 (PPM88) and 2) the 300-index (including a model variant of regional drift). Model simulations were made using the FORECASTER modeling suite with geographic boundaries to adjust for drift in space and time. Basal area (BA, m²·ha⁻¹) and volume (m³·ha⁻¹) were simulated, and standard errors and goodness-of-fit metrics calculated up to a typical rotation age of 30 years. Model residuals were then separated and analysed for the main plantation growing regions. The models overpredicted observed growth by between 6.8% and 16.2%, but model predictions and errors varied significantly between regions. The results of this study provided clear evidence of divergence between the outputs of both models and the measured data. Finally, this study suggests future measures to address challenges posed by these discrepancies that will provide better information for forest management and investment decisions in a changing climate.

辐射松（D. Don）主导着新西兰的林业产业，占种植园的91%，是世界上最重要的种植园物种之一。鉴于这一物种的社会经济和环境重要性，重要的是要有准确和精确的预测，随着时间的推移，为森林管理和造林项目的绿地投资做出有效的决策，特别是永久性碳林。任何自然资源系统的未来预测都依赖于建模；然而，气候变化的加速使得对未来产量的预测变得不那么确定。这些挑战也影响了各国对人工林为应对气候变化和履行《巴黎协定》下的国际承诺所作贡献的期望。本研究利用2013-2023年的大规模当代地面测量数据，研究了30多年前开发的两种增长模型的性能：1)1988年浮石高原模型（PPM88）和2)300指数（包括区域漂移的模型变体）。使用FORECASTER建模套件进行了模型模拟，并对地理边界进行了调整，以适应空间和时间的漂移。模拟基底面积（BA, m2·ha−1）和体积（m3·ha−1），计算标准误差和拟合优度指标，直至典型轮作年龄为30年。然后对主要人工林种植区的模型残差进行了分离和分析。模型对观测到的增长率的高估在6.8%到16.2%之间，但模型的预测和误差在不同地区之间差异很大。本研究的结果提供了两个模型的输出和测量数据之间分歧的明确证据。最后，本研究提出了解决这些差异带来的挑战的未来措施，这些措施将为气候变化下的森林管理和投资决策提供更好的信息。

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引用次数: 0

Tree biomass allocation is governed by allometry but modulated by optimization 树木生物量分配受异速生长控制，但受优化调节

IF 4.4 1区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecosystems

Pub Date : 2025-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.fecs.2025.100405

Man Hu , Hang Shi , Rui He , Nana Wang , Yuzhen Han , Haishan Dang , Quanfa Zhang

Understanding the patterns and drivers of biomass allocation among organs at a broad scale is crucial for predicting the responses of plant growth and carbon sequestration to environmental change. However, the extent to which the general rules govern these patterns and the key factors affecting biomass allocation remain poorly understood. Using a global dataset of 239 tree species, we tested the two prevailing theories (i.e., the allometric partitioning theory (APT) and the optimal partitioning theory (OPT)) by investigating the scaling relationships between plant organs and how environmental factors and phylogeny shape the patterns of biomass allocation. Our results generally support APT at the global scale, with variations in biomass allocation patterns explained by OPT. As plant size increased, a significant shift in biomass allocation from leaves to roots and stems, as well as from roots to stems, was observed. Specific environmental factors (including temperature, precipitation variables, and soil properties) significantly influenced biomass allocation with distinct patterns in the angiosperms and gymnosperms, even when the allometric effects were taken into account. We conclude that tree biomass allocation among organs (i.e., the ratios of leaf to stem, leaf to root, stem to root, and aboveground to belowground) is governed by allometry but modulated by optimization at the global scale. Our findings highlight the importance of considering both the ontogenetic and environmental effects in predicting the responses of biomass sequestration to phylogenetic and environmental factors.

了解大尺度下各器官间生物量分配的模式和驱动因素对于预测植物生长和碳封存对环境变化的响应至关重要。然而，对支配这些模式的一般规则和影响生物量分配的关键因素的程度仍然知之甚少。利用239个树种的全球数据，通过研究植物器官间的尺度关系以及环境因子和系统发育对生物量分配模式的影响，验证了两种主流理论（异速分配理论（APT）和最优分配理论（OPT））。我们的研究结果在全球尺度上普遍支持APT，生物量分配模式的变化可以用OPT来解释。随着植物大小的增加，生物量分配从叶片到根和茎，以及从根到茎的显著转变。即使考虑异速生长效应，特定的环境因子（包括温度、降水变量和土壤性质）也会显著影响被子植物和裸子植物的生物量分配。我们得出结论，树木各器官间的生物量分配（即叶与茎、叶与根、茎与根以及地上与地下的比例）受异速生长控制，但在全球尺度上受优化调节。我们的研究结果强调了在预测生物量封存对系统发育和环境因素的响应时考虑个体和环境影响的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Comparing ecological memory effects of the bimodal radial growth in the Qinling Mountains and Mediterranean forests 比较秦岭与地中海森林双峰径向生长的生态记忆效应

IF 4.4 1区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecosystems

Pub Date : 2025-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.fecs.2025.100402

Huiyue Yan , Xiaomin Zeng , Xiaohong Liu , Yu Xue , Quanxi Li , Lingnan Zhang , Jun Liu

Intra-annual climatic variability plays a critical role in regulating wood formation dynamics during the growing season, particularly in seasonally arid regions—such as the Qinling Mountains, China, and Mediterranean forests—where trees exhibit bimodal radial growth patterns as an adaptive response to water stress. While these growth patterns reflect immediate climatic conditions, the role of ecological memory, specifically vegetation growth carryover (VGC) and lagged climate effects (LCEs), remains poorly quantified. We employed the Vaganov–Shashkin (VS) model to analyze intra-annual bimodal growth patterns in two regions and used a vector autoregressive model with impulse response functions to assess the duration and intensity of VGC and LCE on tree-ring growth and remote sensing vegetation indices (leaf area index (LAI) and gross primary productivity (GPP)). Our results revealed bimodal growth patterns with spring and autumn peaks, but the autumn peak occurred earlier in the Qinling Mountains (August–October) than in Mediterranean forests (late September–October). VGC exerted the strongest influence on tree-ring growth in the first year, diminishing significantly after eight years in both regions (p < 0.01). Tree-ring growth exhibited positive LCE responses to precipitation and soil moisture but negative responses to temperature (p < 0.05). Remote sensing indices (LAI and GPP) displayed stronger VGC effects in the Qinling Mountains than in Mediterranean forests. While both LAI and GPP responded positively to soil moisture, temperature-induced LCE was positive in the Qinling Mountains but negative in the Mediterranean forests (p < 0.05). Overall, VGC was the dominant ecological memory effect in both regions. Our results suggest that coupling the VGC and LCE of multiple vegetation growth indicators at multiple scales has the potential to improve the accuracy of global dynamic vegetation models.

在生长季节，年际气候变率在调节木材形成动态方面发挥着关键作用，特别是在季节性干旱地区，如中国秦岭和地中海森林，树木表现出双峰径向生长模式，作为对水分胁迫的适应性反应。虽然这些生长模式反映了即时的气候条件，但生态记忆的作用，特别是植被生长携带（VGC）和滞后气候效应（LCEs），仍然缺乏量化。我们采用Vaganov-Shashkin （VS）模型分析了两个地区的年内双峰生长模式，并采用带脉冲响应函数的矢量自回归模型评估了VGC和LCE对树木年轮生长和遥感植被指数（叶面积指数（LAI）和总初级生产力（GPP））的持续时间和强度。结果表明，秦岭森林的秋季高峰出现的时间早于地中海森林的秋季高峰出现的时间（9月下旬至10月）。VGC对树木年轮生长的影响在第1年最强，8年后显著减弱（p < 0.01）。树木年轮生长对降水和土壤湿度的LCE响应为正，而对温度的LCE响应为负（p < 0.05）。遥感指数（LAI和GPP）显示秦岭森林的VGC效应强于地中海森林。LAI和GPP均对土壤湿度有正响应，而温度诱导的LCE在秦岭呈正响应，在地中海森林呈负响应（p < 0.05）。总体而言，VGC是两个区域的主导生态记忆效应。研究结果表明，将多个植被生长指标的VGC和LCE在多尺度上进行耦合，有可能提高全球植被动态模型的精度。

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引用次数: 0