Pub Date : 2025-10-22DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2025.101151
Wojciech Piasecki , Geoffrey A. Boxshall
This paper represents a rare case in parasitology where a reversal of the Principle of Priority of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) would be beneficial to all users, including not only scientists but also the general public. In some rare cases, a long-established name turns out to be a junior synonym when an older, less-known name claims the priority. Unfortunately, such situations have the potential to disrupt intergenerational continuity of parasitological nomenclature. After 193 years, one of the best-known European fish parasites could have lost its well-established name in favor of its senior synonym, long forgotten by history and predating the now junior synonym by 49 years. The parasite under scrutiny is Tracheliastes polycolpus von Nordmann, 1832. In the interest of nomenclatural stability, however, we propose to maintain prevailing usage by reversal of precedence under Article 23.9 of the Code. Our paper, in addition to its taxonomic aspects, may have a profound effect on the use of this name in parasitology, zoology, and the study of fish diseases.
这篇论文代表了寄生虫学中一个罕见的案例，其中颠倒国际动物命名规则（ICZN）的优先原则将有利于所有用户，不仅包括科学家，而且包括公众。在一些罕见的情况下，一个历史悠久的名字变成了一个次要的同义词，而一个历史更悠久、知名度更低的名字占据了优先地位。不幸的是，这种情况有可能破坏寄生虫学命名法的代际连续性。193年后，欧洲最著名的鱼类寄生虫之一可能已经失去了它那久已确立的名字，取而代之的是它的高级同义词，它早已被历史遗忘，比现在的低级同义词早了49年。被研究的寄生虫是Tracheliastes polycolpus von Nordmann， 1832。然而，为了术语的稳定性，我们建议根据法典第23.9条的规定，通过颠倒优先顺序来维持通行的用法。我们的论文，除了其分类学方面，可能对这个名称在寄生虫学、动物学和鱼类疾病研究中的使用产生深远的影响。
{"title":"Priority vs. tradition—Tracheliastes polycolpus von Nordmann, 1832 (Copepoda: Lernaeopodidae) revisited!","authors":"Wojciech Piasecki , Geoffrey A. Boxshall","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2025.101151","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2025.101151","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper represents a rare case in parasitology where a reversal of the Principle of Priority of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) would be beneficial to all users, including not only scientists but also the general public. In some rare cases, a long-established name turns out to be a junior synonym when an older, less-known name claims the priority. Unfortunately, such situations have the potential to disrupt intergenerational continuity of parasitological nomenclature. After 193 years, one of the best-known European fish parasites could have lost its well-established name in favor of its senior synonym, long forgotten by history and predating the now junior synonym by 49 years. The parasite under scrutiny is <em>Tracheliastes polycolpus</em> von Nordmann, 1832. In the interest of nomenclatural stability, however, we propose to maintain prevailing usage by reversal of precedence under Article 23.9 of the Code. Our paper, in addition to its taxonomic aspects, may have a profound effect on the use of this name in parasitology, zoology, and the study of fish diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 101151"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145415841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-18DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2025.101148
Joseph P. Heaver , Shinto K. John , Katharina Seilern-Macpherson , Simon Spiro , Vicky Wilkinson , Andrew A. Cunningham , Becki Lawson
Avian haemosporidian parasites (AHPs), which include the genera Plasmodium and Haemoproteus, are protist parasites affecting at least 2000 species of birds with near global distribution. Outside of isolated, evolutionarily and immunologically naïve avian populations, the effects of AHPs on wild bird populations are poorly understood but have historically been considered benign. There is growing evidence to suggest, however, that high exoerythrocytic parasite burdens can cause disease and mortality in some host-parasite interactions, even in populations which have co-evolved alongside AHPs. Here, samples from 857 wild birds of 62 species, 27 families and eight orders were collected during post-mortem examinations over a 15-year period as part of a nationwide wildlife disease surveillance scheme and were screened by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the presence of Plasmodium and Haemoproteus. In total, liver and/or spleen tissues from 13.5 % of birds (n = 116) tested PCR-positive, comprising 8.9 % (n = 76) and 4.7 % (n = 40) infected with Plasmodium and Haemoproteus spp., respectively. The highest rates of Plasmodium infection were seen in the families Paridae (36.3 %; 4/11 birds examined) and Turdidae (34.5 %; 51/148), consistent with previous reports. Spatial analysis revealed a significant cluster of Plasmodium-positive cases in Southeast England with possible explanations including climatic effects on parasite development or spatial variation in vector abundance. A total of 30 AHP lineages (20 Haemoproteus spp. and 10 Plasmodium spp.) were detected, 23 of which have not previously been reported in Great Britain, with four being apparently novel. Tissue samples from a subset of 13 Plasmodium-positive Eurasian blackbirds (Turdus merula) underwent histopathological examination, which revealed evidence of exoerythrocytic parasites, or other lesions consistent with avian malaria, in four and five cases, respectively. These changes were considered of equivocal significance in four birds, with only one bird diagnosed with acute malaria as a contributory cause of death.
{"title":"The lineage diversity, spatiotemporal distribution and pathological significance of Plasmodium and Haemoproteus spp. infection of wild birds in Great Britain","authors":"Joseph P. Heaver , Shinto K. John , Katharina Seilern-Macpherson , Simon Spiro , Vicky Wilkinson , Andrew A. Cunningham , Becki Lawson","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2025.101148","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2025.101148","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Avian haemosporidian parasites (AHPs), which include the genera <em>Plasmodium</em> and <em>Haemoproteus</em>, are protist parasites affecting at least 2000 species of birds with near global distribution. Outside of isolated, evolutionarily and immunologically naïve avian populations, the effects of AHPs on wild bird populations are poorly understood but have historically been considered benign. There is growing evidence to suggest, however, that high exoerythrocytic parasite burdens can cause disease and mortality in some host-parasite interactions, even in populations which have co-evolved alongside AHPs. Here, samples from 857 wild birds of 62 species, 27 families and eight orders were collected during post-mortem examinations over a 15-year period as part of a nationwide wildlife disease surveillance scheme and were screened by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the presence of <em>Plasmodium</em> and <em>Haemoproteus</em>. In total, liver and/or spleen tissues from 13.5 % of birds (n = 116) tested PCR-positive, comprising 8.9 % (n = 76) and 4.7 % (n = 40) infected with <em>Plasmodium</em> and <em>Haemoproteus</em> spp., respectively. The highest rates of <em>Plasmodium</em> infection were seen in the families Paridae (36.3 %; 4/11 birds examined) and Turdidae (34.5 %; 51/148), consistent with previous reports. Spatial analysis revealed a significant cluster of <em>Plasmodium</em>-positive cases in Southeast England with possible explanations including climatic effects on parasite development or spatial variation in vector abundance. A total of 30 AHP lineages (20 <em>Haemoproteus</em> spp. and 10 <em>Plasmodium</em> spp.) were detected, 23 of which have not previously been reported in Great Britain, with four being apparently novel. Tissue samples from a subset of 13 <em>Plasmodium</em>-positive Eurasian blackbirds (<em>Turdus merula</em>) underwent histopathological examination, which revealed evidence of exoerythrocytic parasites, or other lesions consistent with avian malaria, in four and five cases, respectively. These changes were considered of equivocal significance in four birds, with only one bird diagnosed with acute malaria as a contributory cause of death.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 101148"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145570744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-17DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2025.101150
Ryanka Edila , Seongjun Choe , Mustofa Helmi Effendi , Lucia Tri Suwanti , John Yew Huat Tang
Tapeworms of the genus Spirometra are important zoonotic parasites, yet their taxonomy remains unsettled and molecular species-level data from Indonesia are scarce. We examined plerocercoid larvae isolated from Javanese keelback water snakes (Fowlea melanzosta) collected in East Java, Indonesia. Infection prevalence in F. melanzosta was high (84 %), with 143 spargana recovered from subcutaneous tissues, musculatures, and the body cavities of 25 snakes. Morphological and histological features were consistent with Spirometra. Molecular analysis was used for accurate species-level identification. Partial mitochondrial cox1 sequences from five isolates were generated and analyzed phylogenetically. All sequences clustered unambiguously within the S. mansoni clade (PP = 0.99), alongside global reference isolates. Our analysis also reclassified a 2007 Indonesian isolate, previously assigned to S. erinaceieuropaei, as S. mansoni, retrospectively clarifying a misidentification. This study provides the first prospective molecular confirmation of S. mansoni in Indonesia, and underscores the role of semi-aquatic snakes in transmission cycles. These findings highlight the urgent need for expanded molecular surveillance and integrative taxonomy to clarify the epidemiology and zoonotic potential of Spirometra in the region.
{"title":"Molecular confirmation of Spirometra mansoni (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidae) in Javanese keelback water snake (Fowlea melanzosta) in Indonesia","authors":"Ryanka Edila , Seongjun Choe , Mustofa Helmi Effendi , Lucia Tri Suwanti , John Yew Huat Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2025.101150","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2025.101150","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tapeworms of the genus <em>Spirometra</em> are important zoonotic parasites, yet their taxonomy remains unsettled and molecular species-level data from Indonesia are scarce. We examined plerocercoid larvae isolated from Javanese keelback water snakes (<em>Fowlea melanzosta</em>) collected in East Java, Indonesia. Infection prevalence in <em>F. melanzosta</em> was high (84 %), with 143 spargana recovered from subcutaneous tissues, musculatures, and the body cavities of 25 snakes. Morphological and histological features were consistent with <em>Spirometra</em>. Molecular analysis was used for accurate species-level identification. Partial mitochondrial cox1 sequences from five isolates were generated and analyzed phylogenetically. All sequences clustered unambiguously within the <em>S. mansoni</em> clade (PP = 0.99), alongside global reference isolates. Our analysis also reclassified a 2007 Indonesian isolate, previously assigned to <em>S. erinaceieuropaei</em>, as <em>S. mansoni</em>, retrospectively clarifying a misidentification. This study provides the first prospective molecular confirmation of <em>S. mansoni</em> in Indonesia, and underscores the role of semi-aquatic snakes in transmission cycles. These findings highlight the urgent need for expanded molecular surveillance and integrative taxonomy to clarify the epidemiology and zoonotic potential of <em>Spirometra</em> in the region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 101150"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145361721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-15DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2025.101147
Bridget M. Graffeo , Ghazanfar Abbas , Charles Gauci , Kabir Brar , Leonardo Brustenga , Tharaka Liyanage , Megan Fisher , Jessica Haining , Jasmin Hufschmid , Ian Beveridge , Abdul Jabbar
The red fox (Vulpes vulpes) is an introduced species to Australia whose population and spatial distribution have grown irreversibly. Due to their opportunistic feeding habits, extensive populations of foxes now inhabit urban and rural environments, where they coexist with humans and domesticated animals. The proximity of these predators presents public and animal health concerns as they harbour diseases that can cross between species. Accordingly, monitoring potential disease risk and prevalence in urban foxes is warranted. This study investigated the occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in urban and rural foxes around Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. The gastrointestinal tracts of 51 opportunistically collected foxes were thoroughly examined to collect adult helminth (i.e., nematode and cestode) parasites from the stomach as well as from the small and large intestines. The results showed that 92.2 % of foxes were infected with at least one gastrointestinal helminth parasite. Based on a morphological identification of worms, the detected nematode parasites were Toxocara canis (66.7 %) and Uncinaria stenocephala (56.9 %), while the identified tapeworms included Dipylidium caninum (39.2 %), Taenia spp. (11.8 %) and Spirometra mansoni (5.9 %). Single cases of Trichuris vulpis and Physalopetra sp. infections were detected. This study highlights a human and domestic animal health risk, as a crossover of parasitic infections is possible in areas where these parasites coexist.
{"title":"Gastrointestinal helminth parasites of urban and rural foxes around Melbourne, Australia","authors":"Bridget M. Graffeo , Ghazanfar Abbas , Charles Gauci , Kabir Brar , Leonardo Brustenga , Tharaka Liyanage , Megan Fisher , Jessica Haining , Jasmin Hufschmid , Ian Beveridge , Abdul Jabbar","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2025.101147","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2025.101147","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The red fox (<em>Vulpes vulpes</em>) is an introduced species to Australia whose population and spatial distribution have grown irreversibly. Due to their opportunistic feeding habits, extensive populations of foxes now inhabit urban and rural environments, where they coexist with humans and domesticated animals. The proximity of these predators presents public and animal health concerns as they harbour diseases that can cross between species. Accordingly, monitoring potential disease risk and prevalence in urban foxes is warranted. This study investigated the occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in urban and rural foxes around Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. The gastrointestinal tracts of 51 opportunistically collected foxes were thoroughly examined to collect adult helminth (i.e., nematode and cestode) parasites from the stomach as well as from the small and large intestines. The results showed that 92.2 % of foxes were infected with at least one gastrointestinal helminth parasite. Based on a morphological identification of worms, the detected nematode parasites were <em>Toxocara canis</em> (66.7 %) and <em>Uncinaria stenocephala</em> (56.9 %)<em>,</em> while the identified tapeworms included <em>Dipylidium caninum</em> (39.2 %), <em>Taenia</em> spp. (11.8 %) and <em>Spirometra mansoni</em> (5.9 %). Single cases of <em>Trichuris vulpis</em> and <em>Physalopetra</em> sp. infections were detected. This study highlights a human and domestic animal health risk, as a crossover of parasitic infections is possible in areas where these parasites coexist.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 101147"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145320243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-09DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2025.101145
Sunmin Kim , Yeseul Kang , Heon Woo Lee , Emmanuel Opara , Mohammed Mebarek Bia , Kyunglee Lee , Hyunjoo Lee , Min Ju Kim , Youngran Lee , Soochong Kim , Sanggu Kim , Sun Hee Do , Sang Wha Kim , Young Min Lee , Sung Bin Lee , Se Chang Park , Byung Yeop Kim , Seongjun Choe , Heejeong Youn
Various marine parasites exploit marine mammals as definitive hosts; however, comprehensive parasitological studies remain lacking because of the inherent challenges in host sampling. This study aimed to investigate the pathological effects of Campula oblonga on the hepatobiliary system of the narrow-ridged finless porpoise (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis). We detected a digenean species, C. oblonga, in the hepatobiliary systems of 143 out of 196 (72.96 %) narrow-ridged finless porpoises stranded, bycaught or drifting along the Korean coastline between 2016 and 2024. The morphological analysis confirmed the characteristics of C. oblonga. Phylogenetic analyses based on partial mitochondrial DNA NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3 and large subunit rRNA regions supported previous findings, underscoring the need for a more in-depth genetic characterization of the family Brachycladiidae, a significant digenean group in marine mammals. Gross evaluation revealed hepatic nodules, irregular thickening of the bile duct walls, and signs of cholestasis due to physical obstruction by trematodes. These lesions were observed exclusively in the livers of individuals infected with C. oblonga and were absent in uninfected animals. In some cases, abscess-like lesions and pus-like material within the bile ducts were noted macroscopically, although histologic evidence of suppurative inflammation was lacking. Histopathological examinations identified bile duct dilatation accompanied by granulomatous cholangitis with periductal fibrosis, as well as hepatic granulomas centered on trematode parasites and eggs, surrounded by fibrous connective tissue. These lesions corresponded to grossly observed hepatic nodules and bile duct wall thickening, reflecting chronic inflammatory responses to trematode infection. This study represents the first report of pathological lesions caused by C. oblonga in narrow-ridged finless porpoises and highlights the significance of further investigation involving additional host species to enhance the understanding of this taxonomic group.
{"title":"Insights into Campula oblonga (Digenea: Brachycladiidae): Morphological, phylogenetic, and pathological studies in narrow-ridged finless porpoise (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis) from Korean waters","authors":"Sunmin Kim , Yeseul Kang , Heon Woo Lee , Emmanuel Opara , Mohammed Mebarek Bia , Kyunglee Lee , Hyunjoo Lee , Min Ju Kim , Youngran Lee , Soochong Kim , Sanggu Kim , Sun Hee Do , Sang Wha Kim , Young Min Lee , Sung Bin Lee , Se Chang Park , Byung Yeop Kim , Seongjun Choe , Heejeong Youn","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2025.101145","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2025.101145","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Various marine parasites exploit marine mammals as definitive hosts; however, comprehensive parasitological studies remain lacking because of the inherent challenges in host sampling. This study aimed to investigate the pathological effects of <em>Campula oblonga</em> on the hepatobiliary system of the narrow-ridged finless porpoise (<em>Neophocaena asiaeorientalis</em>). We detected a digenean species, <em>C. oblonga</em>, in the hepatobiliary systems of 143 out of 196 (72.96 %) narrow-ridged finless porpoises stranded, bycaught or drifting along the Korean coastline between 2016 and 2024. The morphological analysis confirmed the characteristics of <em>C. oblonga</em>. Phylogenetic analyses based on partial mitochondrial DNA NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3 and large subunit rRNA regions supported previous findings, underscoring the need for a more in-depth genetic characterization of the family Brachycladiidae, a significant digenean group in marine mammals. Gross evaluation revealed hepatic nodules, irregular thickening of the bile duct walls, and signs of cholestasis due to physical obstruction by trematodes. These lesions were observed exclusively in the livers of individuals infected with <em>C. oblonga</em> and were absent in uninfected animals. In some cases, abscess-like lesions and pus-like material within the bile ducts were noted macroscopically, although histologic evidence of suppurative inflammation was lacking. Histopathological examinations identified bile duct dilatation accompanied by granulomatous cholangitis with periductal fibrosis, as well as hepatic granulomas centered on trematode parasites and eggs, surrounded by fibrous connective tissue. These lesions corresponded to grossly observed hepatic nodules and bile duct wall thickening, reflecting chronic inflammatory responses to trematode infection. This study represents the first report of pathological lesions caused by <em>C. oblonga</em> in narrow-ridged finless porpoises and highlights the significance of further investigation involving additional host species to enhance the understanding of this taxonomic group.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 101145"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145361720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-06DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2025.101146
Diana M. Neal , Antonio A. Mignucci-Giannoni
Morphological variation was studied in the adult cladorchiid trematodes Chiorchis spp. (Trematoda: Digenea), that parasitize the intestinal tract and caecum of the American manatee (Trichechus manatus). Specimens were collected from 22 manatees between 1980 and 1998 in Puerto Rico, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Mexico, and Florida. We found statistically significant differences in analyses of variance in 31 morphological measurements from 284 specimens across different geographical regions, consistent with the existence of two species. Some specimens from Florida corresponded to the description for Chiorchis fabaceus Diesing1838, while specimens from the Dominican Republic, Mexico, Puerto Rico, and some from Florida, previously misidentified as C. fabaceus, corresponded to the description of C. groschafti Coy-Otero1989. The latter supports the distinction of two Chiorchis species parasitic on the American manatee. These species differ mainly by the presence or absence of an esophageal bulb, testes shape, position of the genital pore, and shape and distribution of the vitelline follicles.
{"title":"Morphometric variation of the Chiorchis trematodes, parasitic in the American manatee (Trichechus manatus)","authors":"Diana M. Neal , Antonio A. Mignucci-Giannoni","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2025.101146","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2025.101146","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Morphological variation was studied in the adult cladorchiid trematodes <em>Chiorchis</em> spp. (Trematoda: Digenea), that parasitize the intestinal tract and caecum of the American manatee (<em>Trichechus manatus</em>). Specimens were collected from 22 manatees between 1980 and 1998 in Puerto Rico, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Mexico, and Florida. We found statistically significant differences in analyses of variance in 31 morphological measurements from 284 specimens across different geographical regions, consistent with the existence of two species. Some specimens from Florida corresponded to the description for <em>Chiorchis fabaceus</em> Diesing1838, while specimens from the Dominican Republic, Mexico, Puerto Rico, and some from Florida, previously misidentified as <em>C. fabaceus</em>, corresponded to the description of <em>C. groschafti</em> Coy-Otero1989. The latter supports the distinction of two <em>Chiorchis</em> species parasitic on the American manatee. These species differ mainly by the presence or absence of an esophageal bulb, testes shape, position of the genital pore, and shape and distribution of the vitelline follicles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 101146"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145264777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-03DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2025.101144
M.J. Janecka , D.R. Clark , O. Duthoy , C.D. Criscione
Although parasite probability of infection and intensity are central to understanding parasite distributions and their ecological and evolutionary impacts, the drivers of these parameters remain poorly understood. At a local scale, we examined how host dietary niche partitioning and river landscape processes influence infections of the trematode Renifer aniarum in a community of watersnakes (Nerodia spp.). Host-specific dietary preferences and body size (SVL) were associated with infection probability among sympatric congeners. However, contrary to predictions of the stream drift hypothesis, infection probability increased with distance upstream. Infection intensity, in contrast, was unrelated to stream position and less predictable across host species. Thus, infection probability and intensity were heterogeneous among host species and across the river system. These results highlight that, even at local scales, multiple factors can distinctly shape the infection dynamics of a generalist parasite across closely related, co-occurring hosts.
{"title":"Host dietary niche and site location on the river continuum shape trematode (Renifer aniarum) infection patterns in sympatric watersnakes (Nerodia spp.)","authors":"M.J. Janecka , D.R. Clark , O. Duthoy , C.D. Criscione","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2025.101144","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2025.101144","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although parasite probability of infection and intensity are central to understanding parasite distributions and their ecological and evolutionary impacts, the drivers of these parameters remain poorly understood. At a local scale, we examined how host dietary niche partitioning and river landscape processes influence infections of the trematode <em>Renifer aniarum</em> in a community of watersnakes (<em>Nerodia</em> spp.). Host-specific dietary preferences and body size (SVL) were associated with infection probability among sympatric congeners. However, contrary to predictions of the stream drift hypothesis, infection probability increased with distance upstream. Infection intensity, in contrast, was unrelated to stream position and less predictable across host species. Thus, infection probability and intensity were heterogeneous among host species and across the river system. These results highlight that, even at local scales, multiple factors can distinctly shape the infection dynamics of a generalist parasite across closely related, co-occurring hosts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 101144"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145219825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-30DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2025.101143
Fidisoa Rasambainarivo , Billy Hinson , Olivier Rasolofoniaina , Sara Chelaghma , Randall E. Junge , C. Jessica E. Metcalf , Cathy V. Williams , Benjamin Rice
Evidence from captive populations indicates that lemurs are particularly vulnerable to toxoplasmosis, a parasitic disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii. In wild populations, however, seroprevalence in lemurs remains low. This may be partly due to their predominantly arboreal behavior, which limits exposure to environmentally transmitted oocysts. Alternatively, or additionally, low seroprevalence could reflect high mortality following infection due to limited evolutionary exposure to the parasite and, consequently, a lack of evolved resistance. In this study, we assess whether the evolutionary history of primates with felids influences susceptibility to T. gondii infection, independent of ecological exposure. Specifically, we predicted that (1) species with greater terrestriality would exhibit higher exposure risk, (2) species longevity would be positively associated with their seroprevalence to T. gondii and (3) primate superfamilies with longer histories of co-occurrence with felids would show higher seroprevalence than Lemuroidea at similar levels of terrestriality and longevity. Serum samples from 435 free-ranging lemurs were tested for T. gondii antibodies and a literature review of T. gondii seroprevalence in free-ranging primates was conducted. The overall seroprevalence in Lemuroidea was 5.4 %, significantly lower than that observed in Ceboidea (11.8 %) and Cercopithecoidea (27.6 %). Notably, seroprevalence in lemurs was lower than expected based on their terrestriality, suggesting that evolutionary isolation from felids may underlie heightened vulnerability. Longevity modifies the risk profile in a lineage-specific way where seroprevalence increases with lifespan in Cercopithecoidea but not for lemurs. Collectively, our findings support the hypothesis that lemurs are immunologically naïve to T. gondii, and in the face of expanding domestic cat populations and increasing habitat fragmentation, the parasite may pose an underrecognized conservation threat.
{"title":"Evolutionary history, longevity and terrestriality predict Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence in free-ranging non-human primates","authors":"Fidisoa Rasambainarivo , Billy Hinson , Olivier Rasolofoniaina , Sara Chelaghma , Randall E. Junge , C. Jessica E. Metcalf , Cathy V. Williams , Benjamin Rice","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2025.101143","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2025.101143","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Evidence from captive populations indicates that lemurs are particularly vulnerable to toxoplasmosis, a parasitic disease caused by <em>Toxoplasma gondii.</em> In wild populations, however, seroprevalence in lemurs remains low. This may be partly due to their predominantly arboreal behavior, which limits exposure to environmentally transmitted oocysts. Alternatively, or additionally, low seroprevalence could reflect high mortality following infection due to limited evolutionary exposure to the parasite and, consequently, a lack of evolved resistance. In this study, we assess whether the evolutionary history of primates with felids influences susceptibility to <em>T. gondii</em> infection, independent of ecological exposure. Specifically, we predicted that (1) species with greater terrestriality would exhibit higher exposure risk, (2) species longevity would be positively associated with their seroprevalence to <em>T. gondii</em> and (3) primate superfamilies with longer histories of co-occurrence with felids would show higher seroprevalence than Lemuroidea at similar levels of terrestriality and longevity. Serum samples from 435 free-ranging lemurs were tested for <em>T. gondii</em> antibodies and a literature review of <em>T. gondii</em> seroprevalence in free-ranging primates was conducted. The overall seroprevalence in Lemuroidea was 5.4 %, significantly lower than that observed in Ceboidea (11.8 %) and Cercopithecoidea (27.6 %). Notably, seroprevalence in lemurs was lower than expected based on their terrestriality, suggesting that evolutionary isolation from felids may underlie heightened vulnerability. Longevity modifies the risk profile in a lineage-specific way where seroprevalence increases with lifespan in Cercopithecoidea but not for lemurs. Collectively, our findings support the hypothesis that lemurs are immunologically naïve to <em>T. gondii</em>, and in the face of expanding domestic cat populations and increasing habitat fragmentation, the parasite may pose an underrecognized conservation threat.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 101143"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145264776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-25DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2025.101142
Denise C. Wawman , Borja Milá
A new species of louse fly in the genus Ornithomya Latreille, 1802 (Diptera: Hippoboscidae) Ornithomya palmae sp. n. is described from the island of La Palma in the Canary Islands. Unlike other species of Ornithomya, this species has a series of horizontal ridges running across the scutellum. Otherwise, the most obvious differences between O. palmae sp. n. and the most closely related species Ornithomya chloropus Bergroth, 1901 are the arrangement of the wing veins and the lack of dark markings on the lateral gena and mesothoracic basisternum in the new species.
{"title":"Ornithomya palmae species nova (Diptera: Hippoboscidae) a new species of louse fly from the Canary Islands","authors":"Denise C. Wawman , Borja Milá","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2025.101142","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2025.101142","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A new species of louse fly in the genus <em>Ornithomya</em> Latreille, 1802 (Diptera: Hippoboscidae) <em>Ornithomya palmae</em> sp. n. is described from the island of La Palma in the Canary Islands. Unlike other species of <em>Ornithomya</em>, this species has a series of horizontal ridges running across the scutellum. Otherwise, the most obvious differences between <em>O. palmae</em> sp. n. and the most closely related species <em>Ornithomya chloropus</em> Bergroth, 1901 are the arrangement of the wing veins and the lack of dark markings on the lateral gena and mesothoracic basisternum in the new species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 101142"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145320244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-22DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2025.101140
Sinah Lückner , Gastón Moré , Iris Marti , Caroline F. Frey , Javier E. Fernandez , Chahrazed Belhout , Walter Basso
Sarcocystis spp. (Apicomplexa: Coccidia) are obligate heteroxenous protozoa that infect a wide range of host species. Transmission follows a predator-prey cycle involving an intermediate host (IH) and a definitive host (DH). For many species, only IHs have been identified, while DHs remain unknown. DHs can be infected with multiple Sarcocystis spp. at the same time, which complicates species identification. We aimed to determine the prevalence and species diversity of Sarcocystis infections in free-ranging wolves in Switzerland using both coprological and molecular methods. A further goal was to evaluate the utility of Third-generation sequencing for resolving mixed infections. A total of 87 wolf intestinal content samples were collected between 2017 and 2023 and analyzed coproscopically by a sedimentation-flotation method. Sarcocystis oocysts/sporocysts were detected in 76 % (66/87). DNA was obtained from 57/66 positive samples and 55/57 resulted positive in a Sarcocystis 18S rRNA screening PCR. Additionally, mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene PCR and a real-time PCR targeting S. cruzi were performed. PCR products from conventional PCRs were submitted for Sanger sequencing. Monoinfections were identified in 16 % (9/55) and mixed infections in 84 % (46/55) of the samples. A subset of five samples was analyzed by Third-generation sequencing (Pacific Biosciences) of the 18S rRNA full-length and COI fragment PCR products. BLAST and phylogenetic analysis were used to validate taxonomic classification. Molecular analysis identified nine known Sarcocystis species: S. tenella, S. arieticanis, S. capreolicanis, S. linearis, S. gracilis, S. cruzi, S. capracanis, S. iberica, and S. venatoria. Newly developed pipelines for the Third-generation sequencing data provided high-resolution species-level identification in samples with mixed infections. These findings confirm the Eurasian wolf as natural DH for multiple Sarcocystis species for the first time, including S. linearis, S. iberica, and S. venatoria. Further complementary studies on prey species are needed to clarify host-parasite dynamics.
{"title":"High prevalence of Sarcocystis spp. in the Eurasian wolf (Canis lupus lupus): Third-generation sequencing resolves mixed infections","authors":"Sinah Lückner , Gastón Moré , Iris Marti , Caroline F. Frey , Javier E. Fernandez , Chahrazed Belhout , Walter Basso","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2025.101140","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2025.101140","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Sarcocystis</em> spp. (Apicomplexa: Coccidia) are obligate heteroxenous protozoa that infect a wide range of host species. Transmission follows a predator-prey cycle involving an intermediate host (IH) and a definitive host (DH). For many species, only IHs have been identified, while DHs remain unknown. DHs can be infected with multiple <em>Sarcocystis</em> spp. at the same time, which complicates species identification. We aimed to determine the prevalence and species diversity of <em>Sarcocystis</em> infections in free-ranging wolves in Switzerland using both coprological and molecular methods. A further goal was to evaluate the utility of Third-generation sequencing for resolving mixed infections. A total of 87 wolf intestinal content samples were collected between 2017 and 2023 and analyzed coproscopically by a sedimentation-flotation method. <em>Sarcocystis</em> oocysts/sporocysts were detected in 76 % (66/87). DNA was obtained from 57/66 positive samples and 55/57 resulted positive in a <em>Sarcocystis 18S</em> rRNA screening PCR. Additionally, mitochondrial cytochrome <em>c</em> oxidase subunit I (<em>COI</em>) gene PCR and a real-time PCR targeting <em>S. cruzi</em> were performed. PCR products from conventional PCRs were submitted for Sanger sequencing. Monoinfections were identified in 16 % (9/55) and mixed infections in 84 % (46/55) of the samples. A subset of five samples was analyzed by Third-generation sequencing (Pacific Biosciences) of the <em>18S</em> rRNA full-length and <em>COI</em> fragment PCR products. BLAST and phylogenetic analysis were used to validate taxonomic classification. Molecular analysis identified nine known <em>Sarcocystis</em> species: <em>S. tenella, S. arieticanis, S. capreolicanis, S. linearis, S. gracilis, S. cruzi, S. capracanis, S. iberica,</em> and <em>S. venatoria</em>. Newly developed pipelines for the Third-generation sequencing data provided high-resolution species-level identification in samples with mixed infections. These findings confirm the Eurasian wolf as natural DH for multiple <em>Sarcocystis</em> species for the first time, including <em>S. linearis</em>, <em>S. iberica</em>, and <em>S. venatoria</em>. Further complementary studies on prey species are needed to clarify host-parasite dynamics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 101140"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145120884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号