International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife最新文献_第3页

Babesia vulpes and Babesia banethi infections in red foxes: molecular and morphological detection with clinical and cytological findings 红狐感染秃鹫巴贝斯虫和巴氏巴贝斯虫：分子和形态学检测与临床和细胞学结果

IF 2.2 3区医学 Q3 ECOLOGY

International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2026.101193

Mariaelisa Carbonara , Mario H. Alves , Filipe Dantas-Torres , Antonio Camarda , Michela Prioletti , Valentina Giordano , Jairo Alfonso Mendoza-Roldan , Adriana Lo Giudice , Jan Šlapeta , Gad Baneth , Domenico Otranto

Red foxes are widespread carnivorans acting as reservoirs of Babesia vulpes, which is highly prevalent in foxes, yet its clinical impact remains poorly understood. The description of Babesia banethi raised knowledge gaps regarding pathogenicity and life cycle. This study investigated the occurrence of Babesia spp. in red foxes from southern Italy. Overall, 54 red foxes were clinically examined, sampled for hemato-biochemical analyses, and screened for Babesia spp. using microscopy and PCR. Necropsies were performed on 20 animals. Ticks were collected, identified, and dissected for cytological detection of Babesia spp., as well as by PCR. Overall, 46.3 % of foxes tested positive for Babesia spp., with B. vulpes (42.6 %) predominating and B. banethi detected in two animals. Blood smear concordance with PCR was high, and morphometric differences between B. vulpes and B. banethi were evident. Most infected foxes were young and had clinico-pathological alterations, although trauma-related comorbidities limited interpretation. Two B. banethi–positive foxes had clinical babesiosis, suggesting pathogenic potential. In necropsied foxes, Babesia DNA was most frequently detected in the brain and merozoites were observed in cerebral capillaries. Of 67 ticks collected, five species were identified, including Ixodes kaiseri, firstly reported in Italy. No Babesia stages were observed in tick organs, but B. banethi DNA was detected in one I. kaiseri. This study documents a high rate of B. vulpes infection and the sympatric presence of B. banethi in southern Italy. It represents the first clinico-epidemiological, hematological, cytological and molecular examination of Babesia spp. in live foxes. The detection of B. vulpes in brain enhances our understanding of parasite tropism, while the presence of B. banethi in I. kaiseri raises questions about transmission routes. These findings highlight the importance of surveilling fox populations and ticks, given the increasing reports of B. vulpes infection in dogs and the potential spillover at the wildlife–domestic interface.

红狐是广泛存在的食肉动物，作为巴贝斯虫秃鹫的宿主，这在狐狸中非常普遍，但其临床影响仍然知之甚少。巴氏巴贝斯虫的描述增加了关于致病性和生命周期的知识空白。本研究调查了意大利南部赤狐中巴贝斯虫的发生情况。总共对54只红狐进行了临床检查，取样进行了血液生化分析，并使用显微镜和PCR技术筛选了巴贝斯虫。对20只动物进行了尸检。收集、鉴定、解剖蜱，进行巴贝斯虫细胞学检测和PCR检测。总体而言，46.3%的狐狸检测出巴贝斯虫属阳性，以秃鹫b（42.6%）为主，在两只狐狸中检测到banethi。血涂片与PCR的一致性较高，两种血涂片在形态计量学上存在明显差异。大多数受感染的狐狸是年轻的，有临床病理改变，尽管创伤相关的合并症限制了解释。2只巴贝斯菌阳性狐狸出现临床巴贝斯虫病，提示有致病潜力。在死狐狸中，巴贝斯虫DNA最常在大脑中检测到，在脑毛细血管中观察到分裂子。在采集到的67种蜱中，鉴定出5种，其中意大利首次报道的凯撒伊蚊（Ixodes kaiseri）。蜱类器官未见巴贝斯虫分期，但在1只凯氏蜱中检出巴氏杆菌DNA。本研究记录了意大利南部秃鹫感染率高和巴纳伊氏杆菌的同域存在。这是第一次对活狐狸巴贝斯虫进行临床流行病学、血液学、细胞学和分子检查。在脑内检测到秃鹫双头杆菌增强了我们对寄生虫嗜性的认识，而在凯撒氏蜱中检测到banethi则对其传播途径提出了疑问。这些发现强调了监测狐狸种群和蜱虫的重要性，因为越来越多的报道称狗中有秃鹫b感染，并且可能在野生动物-家庭界面产生溢出。

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引用次数: 0

Detection of Hexametra angusticaecoides (Nematoda: Ascarididae) in Italian bats: a squamate-associated nematode in mammals 意大利蝙蝠中棘足线虫（线虫纲：蛔虫科）的检测：一种哺乳动物鳞片相关线虫

IF 2.2 3区医学 Q3 ECOLOGY

International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2025.101184

Renata Fagundes-Moreira , Jairo Alfonso Mendoza-Roldan , Emiliano Mori , Leonardo Ancillotto , Simone Vergari , Gianna Dondini , Claudia Chini , Riccardo Paolo Lia , Domenico Otranto

Hexametra angusticaecoides (Nematoda: Ascarididae) is a nematode typically associated with squamate reptiles, particularly lizards (Family Chamaeleonidae, Agamidae, Diplodactylidae). In reptilian hosts, it localizes primarily in the respiratory tract or coelomic cavity and may induce granulomatous lesions, especially under captive conditions. Its life cycle is presumed to be indirect, involving arthropods as paratenic hosts, yet it remains scarcely understood. Despite its broad reptile host range, natural infections in mammals have not been documented to date. Here, we describe the infection by H. angusticaecoides in mammalian hosts. Overall, ten filiform nematodes were recovered from the subcutaneous connective tissue and abdominal cavity of one Kuhl's pipistrelle Pipistrellus kuhlii and one Savi's pipistrelle Hypsugo savii from urban areas in Italy. Molecular analysis of the mitochondrial cox1 gene revealed 100 % identity with H. angusticaecoides sequence from panther chameleons (Furcifer pardalis). This unprecedented finding suggests a potential case of parasite cross-class, dead-end infection event, likely resulting from the ingestion of infected arthropods in ecotones shared by reptiles and bats. It highlights the exposure beyond traditional host boundaries without indicating a breakdown of host specificity in ascaridoid nematodes and emphasizes the need for further investigations into the biology, transmission routes, and ecological interfaces that may facilitate cross-class events.

六足线虫（线虫纲：蛔虫科）是一种典型的与鳞片类爬行动物，特别是蜥蜴（变色龙科，蛇蛛科，双足蛛科）有关的线虫。在爬行动物宿主中，它主要局限于呼吸道或体腔，并可能引起肉芽肿病变，特别是在圈养条件下。它的生命周期被认为是间接的，包括节肢动物作为辅助宿主，但它仍然很少被理解。尽管其广泛的爬行动物宿主范围，哺乳动物的自然感染至今尚未记录在案。在这里，我们描述了弓形蠓在哺乳动物宿主中的感染。从意大利城市地区1只库氏pipistrelus kuhlii和1只萨维氏pipistrelle Hypsugo savii的皮下结缔组织和腹腔中共检出10只丝状线虫。线粒体cox1基因与黑豹变色龙（Furcifer pardalis）的H. angusticaecoides序列同源性100%。这一前所未有的发现表明，可能存在寄生虫跨类死角感染事件，可能是由于在爬行动物和蝙蝠共有的过渡带中摄入受感染的节肢动物造成的。它强调了在传统宿主边界之外的暴露，而没有表明蛔虫宿主特异性的分解，并强调需要进一步研究生物学、传播途径和可能促进跨类事件的生态界面。

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引用次数: 0

Balancing Varroa management and honey bee resilience: Behavioral and physiological consequences of temporarily high mite pressure 平衡瓦螨管理和蜜蜂恢复力：暂时高螨压力的行为和生理后果

IF 2.2 3区医学 Q3 ECOLOGY

International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2025.101137

Lioba Hilsmann , Markus Krischke , Martin J. Mueller , Sarah Manzer , Ricarda Scheiner

Pollinators are essential for global agriculture and ecosystem stability, yet many populations are declining due to parasites and pathogens. Among these, the ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor is one of the most critical challenges to honey bees (Apis mellifera). Conventional treatment approaches use frequent interventions to keep mite levels as low as possible, whereas other approaches aim to promote natural selection by omitting treatments. A possible compromise lies in reducing treatments while maintaining colony survival through targeted interventions. This approach may allow adaptive responses under temporary mite pressure. In this study, we compared two beekeeping strategies: 1) Conventional beekeeping practice involving regular drone brood removal during mating season, formic acid treatment in summer, and oxalic acid treatment in winter. 2) An innovative approach where drone brood is left in the colony and a summer brood interruption is induced, followed by an oxalic acid treatment. Winter treatment is only applied if Varroa pressure exceeds three naturally dropped mites per day shortly before winter treatment. We investigated Varroa infestation and its consequences for honey bee foraging behavior, homing ability, juvenile hormone III levels, pollen protein content, and honey yield. Bees from innovatively managed colonies started foraging earlier and had elevated juvenile hormone levels at young ages. Orientation ability was unaffected, but these bees performed longer foraging trips and collected pollen with higher protein content. They also stopped foraging earlier, likely reflecting a reduced lifespan due to increased Varroa pressure. Nevertheless, colony productivity did not differ between the two beekeeping approaches. Our findings suggest that reduced Varroa treatments and temporarily high mite pressure do not have negative effects on colony performance. Such approaches may offer a potential middle ground between intensive conventional management and selection-based strategies, balancing colony vitality and the possibility of fostering resistance traits through controlled exposure of parasite and host.

传粉媒介对全球农业和生态系统稳定至关重要，但由于寄生虫和病原体的影响，许多传粉媒介的数量正在下降。其中，除螨瓦螨（Varroa destructor）是对蜜蜂最严重的威胁之一。传统的治疗方法使用频繁的干预，以保持螨的水平尽可能低，而其他方法旨在促进自然选择通过省略治疗。一种可能的折衷办法是减少治疗，同时通过有针对性的干预维持蜂群的生存。这种方法可能允许在暂时螨虫压力下的适应性反应。在本研究中，我们比较了两种养蜂策略：1)传统养蜂方法，在交配季节定期清除雄蜂幼虫，夏季处理甲酸，冬季处理草酸。2)一种创新的方法，将雄蜂幼虫留在蜂群中，诱导其夏季产卵中断，然后进行草酸处理。只有在冬季治疗前不久，如果瓦螨压力每天超过三只自然掉落的螨虫，才适用冬季治疗。我们研究了瓦螨的侵害及其对蜜蜂觅食行为、归巢能力、幼蜂激素III水平、花粉蛋白含量和蜂蜜产量的影响。来自创新管理的蜂群的蜜蜂更早开始觅食，并且在年轻时就有较高的幼年激素水平。定向能力不受影响，但这些蜜蜂的觅食行程更长，采集的花粉蛋白质含量更高。它们也更早停止觅食，这可能反映了由于瓦罗亚压力增加而导致的寿命缩短。然而，两种养蜂方式之间的蜂群生产力没有差异。我们的研究结果表明，减少螨虫处理和暂时的高螨虫压力不会对群体性能产生负面影响。这种方法可能在集约化传统管理和基于选择的策略之间提供一个潜在的中间地带，平衡菌落活力和通过控制寄生虫和宿主暴露培养抗性性状的可能性。

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引用次数: 0

Aspidodera sp. infection in six-banded armadillos (Euphractus sexcinctus) from a German zoo 德国动物园六带犰狳（Euphractus sexcinctus）的蛛形线虫感染

IF 2.2 3区医学 Q3 ECOLOGY

International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2025.101155

Cora Delling , Magdalena Schollmeyer , Florian Hansmann , David Pruß , Nadine Barownick , Ronald Schmäschke

The nematodes Aspidodera spp. are occurring in different mammals of the southern Nearctic and Neotropical region. Six-banded armadillos (Euphractus sexcinctus) are mainly found in South America and act as suitable hosts for different Aspidodera species. Here, a case of an Aspidodera sp. infection in six-banded armadillos from a German zoo is described. A 17-year-old male six-banded armadillo found in poor body condition was euthanized for ethical reasons. The parasitological examination of the gastro-intestinale tract revealed an infection with nematodes of the superfamily Heterakoidea. Sequence analysis targeting the 18S rRNA confirmed high identities with isolates of Aspidodera sp. (accession number: EF180070; 100 %) and Aspidodera raillieti (accession number: KX954128; 99.86 %). Analysis of faecal samples of the remaining female armadillo led to similar results. This case description broadens the knowledge about parasitic infections in armadillos from zoological gardens in Europe.

蛛形线虫存在于南新北极和新热带地区的不同哺乳动物中。六带犰狳（Euphractus sexcinctus）主要分布于南美洲，是不同蛛形纲动物的适宜寄主。本文描述了德国动物园六带犰狳感染蛛形线虫的病例。一只17岁的雄性六带犰狳被发现身体状况不佳，出于道德原因被安乐死。胃肠道寄生虫学检查显示感染了异总超科线虫。针对18S rRNA的序列分析证实，该序列与Aspidodera sp. （accession number: EF180070; 100%）和Aspidodera raillieti （accession number: KX954128; 99.86%）分离株具有较高的同源性。对剩余雌性犰狳粪便样本的分析也得出了类似的结果。本病例描述拓宽了关于欧洲动物园犰狳寄生虫感染的知识。

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引用次数: 0

Identification and molecular characterization of Notoedres spp. from notoedric mange cases in four species of mammals from Florida, USA. 美国佛罗里达州四种哺乳动物Notoedres管理病例中Notoedres属的鉴定和分子特征。

IF 2 3区医学 Q3 ECOLOGY

International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2025.101118

Kuldeep Chouhan , Melanie Dittmer , Heather Barron , Raquel Francisco , Jomari Rivera Reyes , Jillian R. Broadhurst , Nicole M. Nemeth , Taylor Fisher , Alisia A.W. Weyna , C. Robert Stilz , Xuan Hui Teo , Victoria A. Andreasen , Mark W. Cunningham , Bambi C.F. Clemons , Michael J. Yabsley

The objective of this study was to characterize Notoedres from Florida, USA and to determine if rabbits and squirrels share the same Notoedres species. From July 2022–November 2024, 19 suspected mange (i.e., alopecia and crusty lesions) cases were identified in 16 eastern cottontail rabbits (Sylvilagus floridanus), an eastern gray squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis), a marsh rabbit (Sylvilagus palustris), and a northern raccoon (Procyon lotor) in Florida. Most were in poor nutritional condition with multifocal alopecia and hyperkeratosis. Histologically, mites were noted in the variably hyperkeratotic stratum corneum with associated serocellular crusts and epidermal hyperplasia. Mites from rabbits and the squirrel were identified as Notoedres centrifera and the raccoon was infested with Notoedres cati. ITS-2 sequences from the squirrel and 11 cottontail rabbits were identical and 100 % similar to a N. centrifera sequence from a Florida cottontail rabbit. The other six N. centrifera sequences from the marsh rabbit and five cottontail rabbits matched those from a Florida marsh rabbit and a Kansas fox squirrel (Sciurus niger). The N. cati ITS-2 sequence was 100 % similar to N. cati. The N. centrifera COI sequences were more variable and fell into two groups that were 79.5 % and 79.8 % similar to S. scabiei. The raccoon N. cati COI sequence was 85.1 % (582/684) and 84.1 % (575/684) similar to Group 1 and Group 2 of N. centrifera, respectively, and 80.3 % similar to S. scabiei. Overall, these data may indicate that notoedric mange is endemic in rabbits and squirrels in Florida, confirm raccoons as hosts for N. cati, and highlight the utility of molecular characterization in mite speciation. Additionally, new sequences of Notoedres were generated that will facilitate future phylogenetic analyses. The biodiversity and ecosystem impacts of notoedric mange in Florida are currently unknown, but this research indicates a need for further field-based surveys to assess these potential risks.

本研究的目的是对美国佛罗里达州的Notoedres进行特征鉴定，并确定兔子和松鼠是否具有相同的Notoedres物种。从2022年7月至2024年11月，在佛罗里达州的16只东部棉尾兔（Sylvilagus floridanus）、一只东部灰松鼠（Sciurus carolinensis）、一只沼泽兔（Sylvilagus palustris）和一只北方浣熊（Procyon lotor）中发现了19例疑似疥癣（即脱发和硬壳病变）病例。多数营养不良，伴有多灶性脱发和角化过度。组织学上，螨虫出现在角化过度的角质层中，伴有血清细胞结痂和表皮增生。家兔和松鼠身上的螨属均为中心夜蛾螨，浣熊身上感染有猫夜蛾螨。来自松鼠和11只棉尾兔的ITS-2序列完全相同，与来自佛罗里达棉尾兔的N. centrifera序列100%相似。来自沼泽兔和5只棉尾兔的其他6个N. centrifera序列与来自佛罗里达沼泽兔和堪萨斯狐松鼠（Sciurus niger）的序列相匹配。cati的ITS-2序列与cati的相似度为100%。离心棘球蚴COI序列变化较大，与疥棘球蚴相似度分别为79.5%和79.8%。貉卡地奈氏菌COI序列与中部奈氏菌1、2类群的相似性分别为85.1%（582/684）和84.1%(575/684)，与疥奈氏菌的相似性为80.3%。总的来说，这些数据可能表明，在佛罗里达州的家兔和松鼠中，野虱管理是地方性的，证实了浣熊是猫螨的宿主，并强调了分子表征在螨物种形成中的实用性。此外，还生成了新的Notoedres序列，这将有助于未来的系统发育分析。目前尚不清楚佛罗里达州野生动物管理对生物多样性和生态系统的影响，但这项研究表明需要进一步的实地调查来评估这些潜在风险。

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引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “Chasing intermediate hosts of Echinococcus multilocularis at the southern edge of its European distribution using red fox stomach content analysis” [Int. J. Parasitol. Parasite. Wildlife 27 (2025) 101095] “利用红狐胃内容物分析在多房棘球蚴欧洲分布的南部边缘追捕其中间宿主”的勘误表[英]。j . Parasitol。寄生虫。野生动物27 (2025)101095]

IF 2.2 3区医学 Q3 ECOLOGY

International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2025.101141

Salvatore Andrea Cafiero , Lucia Cenni , Chiara Rossi , Emily Louise Pascoe , Federica Obber , Graziana Da Rold , Carlo Vittorio Citterio , Adriano Casulli , Heidi Christine Hauffe , Alessandro Massolo

引用次数: 0

Ecological zonation and phylogeographic structure of Glossina pallidipes (Diptera: Glossinidae) in eastern and southern Africa 非洲东部和南部白翅舌蝇的生态分带和系统地理结构

IF 2.2 3区医学 Q3 ECOLOGY

International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2025.101165

Attila J. Trájer , Alex Kummer

Glossina pallidipes, a major vector of African trypanosomiasis, plays a notable role in disease transmission across eastern and southern Africa due to its broad host range, ecological adaptability, and vectorial capacity. This study combined machine learning using 69 environmental, climatic, edaphic, and developmental variables and genetic analysis to delineate the environmental and phylogenetic structuring of G. pallidipes populations. Kernel density estimation revealed three primary hotspots in the Ethiopian and East African Highlands and the Northern Zimbabwe Lowveld, with a secondary focus along the Maasai Steppe. Most occurrences were associated with tropical savanna climates and sparsely populated natural and semi-natural landscapes. Ensemble modelling using five algorithms identified temperature seasonality, precipitation of the coldest quarter, and diurnal temperature range as the strongest predictors of occurrence, highlighting the dominant influence of thermal variability over precipitation metrics. Among developmental factors, larviposition and mortality rates during the dry quarter were most influential, reflecting the role of humidity in reproductive success. K-means Clustering revealed three ecologically distinct groups following an east–west gradient, shaped by elevation, aridity, and thermal variability. Decision tree analysis identified the Köppen Aridity Index and elevation as key discriminators among clusters. Phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial COI sequences demonstrated clear geographic structuring, with a divergent Ethiopian lineage and high connectivity between Kenyan and Tanzanian populations. Frequent co-occurrence with the African buffalo and the common warthog further supports ecological continuity across savanna mosaics. These results reveal that G. pallidipes populations are primarily structured by climatic gradients and regional connectivity, informing targeted, region-specific vector control strategies.

苍白舌虫是非洲锥虫病的主要媒介，由于其宿主范围广、生态适应性强和媒介能力强，在非洲东部和南部的疾病传播中起着重要作用。本研究将机器学习与69个环境、气候、地理和发育变量以及遗传分析相结合，描绘了苍毛藻种群的环境和系统发育结构。核密度估计揭示了埃塞俄比亚和东非高地以及津巴布韦北部低地的三个主要热点，其次是沿着马赛草原的次要热点。大多数发生与热带稀树草原气候和人口稀少的自然和半自然景观有关。使用五种算法的集合模型确定温度季节性、最冷季度的降水和日温度范围是发生的最强预测因子，突出了热变率对降水指标的主导影响。在发育因素中，旱季的幼虫率和死亡率影响最大，反映了湿度对繁殖成功的作用。K-means聚类揭示了三个生态上不同的类群，它们遵循东西梯度，由海拔、干旱和热变率形成。决策树分析发现Köppen干旱指数和海拔是集群间的关键判别因子。线粒体COI序列的系统发育分析显示了明确的地理结构，具有不同的埃塞俄比亚血统和肯尼亚和坦桑尼亚人群之间的高度连通性。与非洲水牛和普通疣猪的频繁共存进一步支持了热带稀树草原马赛克的生态连续性。这些结果表明，白僵菌种群主要由气候梯度和区域连通性构成，为有针对性的区域特定病媒控制策略提供了信息。

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引用次数: 0

Under the scales: Identification of ticks in rehabilitated African pangolins and confiscated scales 鳞片下：在恢复的非洲穿山甲和没收的鳞片上鉴定蜱虫

IF 2 3区医学 Q3 ECOLOGY

International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2025.101117

Zwannda Nethavhani , Thando Radebe , Catherine Maria Dzerefos , Essa Suleman , Raymond Jansen

Pangolins are the most trafficked mammals globally. Beyond zoonotic concerns related to coronavirus, pangolins serve as hosts for ectoparasites such as ticks, which can be inadvertently transported through illegal wildlife trade and rehabilitation efforts. The transcontinental trafficking of pangolins and their derivatives poses a potential risk of pathogen spillover affecting humans, wildlife, and livestock. Despite these concerns, data on tick infestations in confiscated African pangolins and scales remain scarce. This study aims to identify tick species associated with confiscated pangolins and scales using morphological and molecular approaches. A total of 275 ticks were collected from 17 rehabilitated African pangolins (Smutsia temminckii, Phataginus tricuspis, Phataginus tetradactylus) and nine bags of seized scales. Representative specimens (n = 53) were genetically analyzed by amplifying the 16S rRNA fragment and comparing sequences with publicly available data. Morphological identification revealed five tick species: Amblyomma compressum, A. hebraeum, Ornithodoros compactus, Rhipicephalus theileri, and R. simus. Taxonomic assignments conformed with the DNA-based identification for all species except for ‘O. compactus’ which resulted in O. moubata. These discrepancies may be due to overlapping morphological characters between the two Ornithodoros species. Notably, ticks from the three identified genera are known vectors of pathogens causing diseases such as heartwater, anaplasmosis, babesiosis, theileriosis, African swine fever, and human relapsing fever. We provide the first record of A. hebraeum in Phataginus species, and A. compressum in P. tetradactyla, expanding their host range. This study also establishes a baseline for tick diversity in confiscated African pangolins and scales trafficked within Africa and out of Africa. The findings highlight the importance of integrative taxonomic approaches in tick identification and emphasize the need for further research incorporating additional genetic markers and morphometric analyses to enhance species resolution.

穿山甲是全球被贩卖最多的哺乳动物。除了与冠状病毒有关的人畜共患问题外，穿山甲还是蜱虫等体外寄生虫的宿主，这些寄生虫可能通过非法野生动物贸易和康复工作无意中传播。穿山甲及其衍生物的跨大陆贩运构成了影响人类、野生动物和牲畜的病原体溢出的潜在风险。尽管存在这些担忧，但没收的非洲穿山甲和鳞片中蜱虫侵扰的数据仍然很少。本研究旨在利用形态学和分子学方法鉴定与没收穿山甲及其鳞片有关的蜱类。从17只恢复的非洲穿山甲（Smutsia temminckii, Phataginus tricuspis, Phataginus tetradactylus）和9袋查获的鳞片中共收集到275只蜱虫。通过扩增16S rRNA片段并将序列与公开数据进行比较，对代表性标本（n = 53）进行遗传分析。形态学鉴定发现了5种蜱：压迫型双足蜱、黑胸甲蜱、紧凑型鸟蜱、刺头蜱和simus。除“O”外，其余物种的分类鉴定结果均与dna鉴定一致。这导致了O. moubata。这些差异可能是由于两种鸟的形态特征重叠造成的。值得注意的是，来自已确定的三个属的蜱是已知的病原体媒介，可引起诸如心水病、无形体病、巴贝斯虫病、其肠菌病、非洲猪瘟和人类回归热等疾病。我们首次在Phataginus种中记录了A. hebraeum，在P. tetradactyla种中记录了A. compressum，扩大了它们的寄主范围。这项研究还为没收的非洲穿山甲和在非洲内外贩运的鳞甲的蜱虫多样性建立了基线。研究结果强调了综合分类方法在蜱虫鉴定中的重要性，并强调需要进一步的研究，包括额外的遗传标记和形态计量分析，以提高物种分辨率。

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引用次数: 0

Unmasking Borrelia species: A comprehensive review of their presence in Iran 揭露伯氏疏螺旋体物种：对其在伊朗存在的全面审查

IF 2.2 3区医学 Q3 ECOLOGY

International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2025.101123

Parisa Soltan-Alinejad , Mahmood Nikbakhtzadeh , Eslam Moradi-Asl

Borrelia species are the causative agents of Lyme disease (LD) and tick-borne relapsing fever (TBRF) in humans and animals. These pathogens are transmitted through hard and soft ticks. The increasing tick population, influenced by climate change, underscores the urgent need for enhanced research on tick-borne diseases.

Iran, situated in southwestern Asia, boasts a diverse climate that supports a wide range of tick species and their vertebrate hosts. While TBRF is endemic to Iran, recent reports suggest the presence of LD in the country as well. Understanding the various Borrelia species, their tick vectors, human cases, affected reservoirs, and geographical distribution is crucial for assessing the epidemiology of TBRF and LD in Iran.

This comprehensive review examines the epidemiological patterns, geographical distribution, detection methods for these pathogens, providing critical insights into their public health significance.

疏螺旋体是人类和动物莱姆病（LD）和蜱传回归热（TBRF）的病原体。这些病原体通过硬蜱和软蜱传播。受气候变化影响，蜱虫数量不断增加，这突出表明迫切需要加强对蜱传疾病的研究。伊朗位于亚洲西南部，气候多样，为各种蜱虫及其脊椎动物宿主提供了栖息地。虽然TBRF是伊朗的地方病，但最近的报告表明该国也存在LD。了解各种疏螺旋体物种、其蜱虫媒介、人间病例、受影响的宿主和地理分布对于评估伊朗的TBRF和LD流行病学至关重要。这一全面审查审查了这些病原体的流行病学模式、地理分布和检测方法，对其公共卫生意义提供了重要见解。

引用次数: 0

Molecular analysis of vector-borne pathogens in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) from Saxony-Anhalt (Germany) 德国萨克森-安哈尔特州红狐病媒传播病原体的分子分析

IF 2.2 3区医学 Q3 ECOLOGY

International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2025.101162

Zoë Tess Lara Lindhorst , Manuela Theresa Frangl , Barbara Eigner , Bita Shahi Barogh , Georg Gerhard Duscher , Annette Schliephake , Wolfgang Gaede , Hans-Peter Fuehrer , Mike Heddergott

Vector-borne pathogens (VBPs) are becoming increasingly important in veterinary medicine and public health, with wildlife potentially playing a key role in their transmission. The objective of the current study was to investigate the occurrence of vector-borne pathogens in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes). Spleen samples from 277 legally hunted foxes were collected over a period of twelve months (May 2020 to April 2021) in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. VBPs were identified by performing PCR analysis on the samples, followed by Sanger sequencing, and a phylogenetic analysis was performed on Mycoplasma spp. A total of 94 % of the samples showed a positive result. The pathogens identified were Hepatozoon spp. (77 %), Babesia vulpes (68 %), Mycoplasma haemocanis (5 %), Mycoplasma spp. (5 %), Bartonella taylorii (1 %), Bartonella rochalimae (0.7 %), and Trypanosoma pestanai (0.4 %). None of the examined samples tested positive for filarioid helminths, Rickettsia spp., and Anaplasmataceae. This study highlights the role of foxes as reservoirs for pathogens that may affect domestic animals and humans, potentially contributing to the spread of these pathogens through shared environments and vectors.

病媒传播的病原体（vbp）在兽医和公共卫生中变得越来越重要，野生动物可能在其传播中发挥关键作用。本研究的目的是调查媒介传播病原体在红狐（Vulpes Vulpes）中的发生情况。在12个月（2020年5月至2021年4月）期间，在德国萨克森-安哈尔特州收集了277只合法狩猎的狐狸的脾脏样本。对样本进行PCR、Sanger测序和支原体系统发育分析，结果显示94%的样本呈阳性。病原菌分别为肝虫（77%）、秃巴贝斯虫（68%）、血支原体（5%）、支原体（5%）、泰氏巴尔通体（1%）、罗查利姆巴尔通体（0.7%）和巴斯坦锥虫（0.4%）。所有被检查的样本均未检测出丝状蠕虫、立克次体和无浆虫科呈阳性。这项研究强调了狐狸作为可能影响家畜和人类的病原体宿主的作用，可能有助于这些病原体通过共享环境和媒介传播。

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