International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife最新文献_第2页

A preliminary microscopic and molecular epidemiological survey of endoparasites within wild-caught and UK captive-bred reptiles: Assessing a potential parasitic disease public health risk?

IF 2 3区医学 Q3 ECOLOGY

International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife

Pub Date : 2025-01-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2025.101039

Shea Murray , Lucas J. Cunningham , Paul Rowley , Edouard Crittenden , Nicholas R. Casewell , E. James LaCourse , J. Russell Stothard , Alexandra Juhász

In the UK, exotic reptiles are increasingly popular as pets, and housed in zoological collections, whilst venomous snakes of medical importance have long been the focus of herpetological studies. As all reptiles can harbour protist and helminth parasites, some of these may carry tangible zoonotic risk. This study utilised traditional and molecular diagnostic techniques, including sedimentation-flotation, real-time polymerase chain reaction (rtPCR), and necropsy, to investigate endoparasite infections in captive-bred (CB) and wild-caught (WC) reptiles. Representative animals originated from pet shops, zoological and private collections as well as those housed in research herpetariums. Parasitic infections were detected in 21.1% (n = 109) of samples from 58 reptile species across 12 families. The most prevalent infections included nematodes (17.4%), cestodes (0.9%) and protists (3.7%). The nematodes, particularly strongylid (9.3%) and ascarid (5.6%) species, being the most common. Of particular interest, zoonotic genera, Ophidascaris and Giardia were identified. When possible, necropsy revealed latent infections, including prepatent stages of the hookworm Kalicephalus sp. and pentastomid larvae in Echis ocellatus snakes. These accounted for 55.6% of all parasitic infections. Real-time-PCR methods detected additional co-infection overlooked by microscopy, whilst necropsy provided additional insights. These findings highlight the need in the UK for better parasitic screening protocols to enhance captive reptile welfare, mitigate zoonotic risks and safeguard public health.

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引用次数: 0

Cuckoo eyes are an important identification cue for the Oriental reed warbler host

IF 2 3区医学 Q3 ECOLOGY

International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife

Pub Date : 2025-01-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2025.101038

Hanlin Yan , Longwu Wang , Laikun Ma , Wei Liang

Successful recognition of parasites through effective identification cues can reduce the cost of anti-parasitic defenses by the host. Features on the front of the body such as the eyes may be important clues for the prey to perceive and recognize the parasite. In this study, we investigated whether the eyes of common cuckoos (Cuculus canorus), an obligate avian brood parasite, served as identification cues for its common host, the Oriental reed warbler (Acrocephalus orientalis). We displayed dummies of 3D printed common cuckoos and Oriental turtle doves (Streptopelia orientalis) with their eyes covered or not-covered near the nests of breeding Oriental reed warblers to test effect of the eyes on defense behaviors of the warblers towards these dummies. Oriental reed warblers significantly reduced attacks on the common cuckoos with eyes covered compared to those with eyes not-covered. However, there was no significant difference between the attacks on the Oriental turtle doves with not-covered eyes and those with covered eyes. Our results suggest that Oriental reed warblers use cuckoo eyes as an important discrimination cue. We explored for the first time the use of the cuckoo's eye as an important discriminative cue by Oriental reed warblers via visual manipulation of 3D printed cuckoos, which provides a new experimental validation of the host Oriental reed warbler's anti-parasite strategy in terms of visual cues. However, Future research should consider testing more cuckoo species and their hosts and further validating the identification cues of the eyes and other body parts in additional geographic populations.

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引用次数: 0

Making the most of mortalities: Novel host-parasite records in a sandy inland mouse (Pseudomys hermannsburgensis)

IF 2 3区医学 Q3 ECOLOGY

International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife

Pub Date : 2025-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2025.101037

Fiona Knox , Nahiid Stephens , Sarah Keatley , Amanda Ash , James Douch , Saul Cowen , Kelly Rayner , Rebecca Vaughan-Higgins

From 2020 to 2022, systematic investigation of wildlife mortalities on Dirk Hartog Island, Western Australia was initiated to inform wildlife disease risk analyses for translocation purposes. As part of this monitoring, in November 2020, a sandy inland mouse (Pseudomys hermannsburgensis) was found deceased with multiple comorbidities. Gross necropsy, histopathology and ancillary molecular testing identified several novel host-parasite associations. Sarcoptes scabiei was identified via molecular methods in association with consistent cutaneous pathology, representing the first known detection of this parasite in an Australian native rodent. A putative novel virus belonging to the subfamily Gammaherpesvirinae was also identified, representing the first known detection of a herpesvirus (Orthoherpesviridae) from this species, although it was not clearly associated with other disease processes. A heavy burden of the cestode Hymenolepis microstoma was also present in the gastrointestinal tract, representing a new host record for this species, whilst a pancreatic adenocarcinoma was also found. Beyond the novelty of these host records, these findings contribute to important health baselines of rodent populations on Dirk Hartog Island and highlight the value of investigating mortalities and implementing health surveillance as part of ecological monitoring and wildlife translocation projects.

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引用次数: 0

A combined treatment regimen for Trichuris rhinopiptheroxella infection in Rhinopithecus roxellana in southern China

IF 2 3区医学 Q3 ECOLOGY

International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife

Pub Date : 2025-01-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2025.101036

Zhengjiu Ren , Jinzhi Lu , Tianyou Zhang , Lihua Xiao , Peng Zhang , Guixin Dong , Yaoyu Feng , Dongjuan Yuan

The Sichuan snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana) is an endangered species in China and is susceptible to infection with Trichuris species. However, the worms are difficult to remove completely. A practical treatment regimen for trichuriasis was conducted over a seven-month period on 15 R. roxellana in a wildlife zoo in southern China. Initially, a combination of fecal examination, morphological observation, molecular identification of ITS1 and mitogenome, and infective pattern analysis revealed that R. roxellana was susceptible to Trichuris rhinopiptheroxella. Three rounds of treatment were administrated, with a dosage of 10 mg/kg albendazole or ivermectin in each. The initial administration of albendazole to 15 monkeys resulted in a reduction of fecal eggs per gram (EPG) by 7.8%–73.2%. The subsequent administration of albendazole to 9 monkeys demonstrated a reduction in fecal EPG by 52.6%–52.8%. The third administration of ivermectin to 5 monkeys resulted in a reduction of fecal EPG by 55.6%–96.6%. However, the EPG level increased in some monkeys after one month of these three anthelmintic administrations. Subsequently, improved strategies were implemented, including an increased dosage of albendazole, flame sterilization, the replacement of the sandy floor with concrete, and the hanging of food. Results showed that a reduction in the fecal EPG of 8 monkeys in the exhibition region, with a decrease from 5135 to 63. Additionally, 6 monkeys exhibited a negative EPG after one month. In the breeding region, the fecal EPG of 7 monkeys decreased from 7389 to 869. Additionally, 2 monkeys demonstrated a negative EPG after one month. This study provides evidence for the control of Trichuris infection in R. roxellana and offers a guideline for the treatment of trichuriasis in animals.

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引用次数: 0

Natural life cycle and molecular characterization of Taenia talicei Dollfus, 1960 (Cestoda: Taeniidae) from northwestern Patagonia, Argentina

IF 2 3区医学 Q3 ECOLOGY

International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife

Pub Date : 2024-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.101035

Estefanía Bagnato , Juan José Lauthier , Federico Brook , Gabriel Mario Martin , María Celina Digiani

Through morphological and molecular studies, the natural life cycle of Taenia talicei Dollfus, 1960 (Cestoda: Taeniidae) from Argentine Patagonia is elucidated, involving subterranean rodents (Ctenomyidae) as intermediate hosts, and the Andean fox Lycalopex culpaeus (Canidae) as definitive host. Metacestodes (mono- and polycephalic fimbriocerci) were found mainly in the peritoneal cavity of Ctenomys terraplen, and the strobilate adult in the intestine of L. culpaeus. Correspondence between metacestodes and strobilate adults was based primarily on number, size and shape of rostellar hooks: 45–53 hooks alternated in two rows, small hooks 88–180 μm long and large hooks 230–280 μm long, with the characteristic shape described in the two main description of the species, both that of the metacestode (original description) and that of the strobilate adult (obtained experimentally). Further genetic analysis (cox1 gene mtDNA) corroborated the conspecificity between the metacestodes and the strobilate adults found in the Andean fox in the same study area. Genetic analysis also revealed conspecificity of the taxon found in Patagonia with the species registered in GenBank as T. talicei, obtained from different intermediate and definitive hosts from Peru and Argentina. Taenia talicei was previously reported from Argentina in the form of metacestodes naturally infecting two other species of Ctenomys. However, the strobilate adult was only described from the experimental infection of a domestic dog. Hence, this is the first report of the natural life cycle of T. talicei and of a species of Taenia endemic from South America.

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引用次数: 0

Genetic structure of Trichinella britovi populations in wildlife of north and northeast Iran 伊朗北部和东北部野生旋毛虫种群的遗传结构。

IF 2 3区医学 Q3 ECOLOGY

International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife

Pub Date : 2024-12-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.101032

Faramarz Koohsar , Saied Reza Naddaf , Hamed Mirjalali , Mehdi Mohebali , Mohammad Bagher Rockni , Ahmad Mahmoudi , Gholamreza Mowlavi

Trichinella britovi is a parasite prevalent in the temperate regions of the vast Palearctic realm, including Iran. In this study, we investigated Trichinella infection in road-killed animals and carcasses in northern and northeastern Iran by artificial digestion. We assessed species identification and intraspecific genetic diversity using the markers 5S ribosomal DNA intergenic spacer (5S rDNA), internal transcribed spacer I (ITS1), and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COXI). Of the 80 encountered carcasses, 10 had Trichinella infection, including seven golden jackals, one wolf, one wild cat, and one wild boar. BLAST analysis exhibited the highest similarities with T. britovi sequences in the GenBank database, at 99.79%, 99.84%, and 100% for COXI, 5S rDNA, and ITS1, respectively. All 5S rDNA sequences were identical, while analysis using DnaSP software identified eight haplotypes in the ITS1 region and six haplotypes in the COXI sequences. The phylogenetic analysis based on the COXI marker clustered all T. britovi sequences, including those from Iran, into a distinct clade. Furthermore, this marker revealed shallow branching, dividing T. britovi sequences into two subclades. The first subclade, the “European” group, consisted exclusively of haplotypes from Poland. In contrast, the second subclade, “Euro-Asiatic,” included haplotypes of Asian and European origins. The Euro-Asiatic and European populations exhibited a 0.52% genetic distance while showing 0.59% and 0.15% intrapopulation divergence, respectively. Further studies involving specimens from other regions of Iran, particularly the southeast adjoining the Oriental zoogeographical zone, could provide additional insights into the molecular identity and population structures of T. britovi and potentially other species in Iran.

布氏旋毛虫是一种普遍存在于广阔的古北地区温带地区的寄生虫，包括伊朗。在本研究中，我们用人工消化方法调查了伊朗北部和东北部道路死亡动物和尸体中的旋毛虫感染情况。我们利用5S核糖体DNA基因间间隔段（5S rDNA）、内部转录间隔段I （ITS1）和细胞色素c氧化酶亚基I （COXI）标记来评估物种鉴定和种内遗传多样性。80具尸体中，10具感染旋毛虫，包括7只金豺、1只狼、1只野猫和1只野猪。BLAST分析结果显示，COXI、5S rDNA和ITS1序列与GenBank数据库中布氏t菌序列的相似性最高，分别为99.79%、99.84%和100%。所有5S rDNA序列都是相同的，而使用DnaSP软件分析发现ITS1区域有8个单倍型，COXI序列有6个单倍型。基于COXI标记的系统发育分析将所有布氏伊蚊序列（包括来自伊朗的布氏伊蚊）聚为一个独特的进化支。此外，该标记还显示出浅分支，将布氏托蚊序列划分为两个亚支。第一个亚支，“欧洲”群，完全由来自波兰的单倍型组成。相比之下，第二个亚枝“欧亚”包括亚洲和欧洲起源的单倍型。欧亚居群和欧洲居群遗传距离分别为0.52%和0.59%，居群内差异分别为0.15%。对伊朗其他地区的标本进行进一步的研究，特别是与东方动物地理区相邻的东南部标本，可以进一步了解布氏弓形虫和伊朗其他潜在物种的分子特征和种群结构。

{"title":"Genetic structure of Trichinella britovi populations in wildlife of north and northeast Iran","authors":"Faramarz Koohsar , Saied Reza Naddaf , Hamed Mirjalali , Mehdi Mohebali , Mohammad Bagher Rockni , Ahmad Mahmoudi , Gholamreza Mowlavi","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.101032","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.101032","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Trichinella britovi</em> is a parasite prevalent in the temperate regions of the vast Palearctic realm, including Iran. In this study, we investigated <em>Trichinella</em> infection in road-killed animals and carcasses in northern and northeastern Iran by artificial digestion. We assessed species identification and intraspecific genetic diversity using the markers 5S ribosomal DNA intergenic spacer (5S rDNA), internal transcribed spacer I (ITS1), and cytochrome <em>c</em> oxidase subunit I (<em>COXI</em>). Of the 80 encountered carcasses, 10 had <em>Trichinella</em> infection, including seven golden jackals, one wolf, one wild cat, and one wild boar. BLAST analysis exhibited the highest similarities with <em>T. britovi</em> sequences in the GenBank database, at 99.79%, 99.84%, and 100% for <em>COXI</em>, 5S rDNA, and ITS1, respectively. All 5S rDNA sequences were identical, while analysis using DnaSP software identified eight haplotypes in the ITS1 region and six haplotypes in the <em>COXI</em> sequences. The phylogenetic analysis based on the <em>COXI</em> marker clustered all <em>T. britovi</em> sequences, including those from Iran, into a distinct clade. Furthermore, this marker revealed shallow branching, dividing <em>T. britovi</em> sequences into two subclades. The first subclade, the “European” group, consisted exclusively of haplotypes from Poland. In contrast, the second subclade, “Euro-Asiatic,” included haplotypes of Asian and European origins. The Euro-Asiatic and European populations exhibited a 0.52% genetic distance while showing 0.59% and 0.15% intrapopulation divergence, respectively. Further studies involving specimens from other regions of Iran, particularly the southeast adjoining the Oriental zoogeographical zone, could provide additional insights into the molecular identity and population structures of <em>T. britovi</em> and potentially other species in Iran.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 101032"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11732190/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142984778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Nematophagous fungi as biological control agents of parasitic nematodes in soils of wildlife parks 野生动物园土壤中作为寄生线虫生物控制剂的食线虫真菌。

IF 2 3区医学 Q3 ECOLOGY

International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife

Pub Date : 2024-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.101033

Christopher Sander, Stephan Neumann

Infections with soil-transmitted helminths pose a significant threat to wildlife in enclosures, where transmission of these parasitic larvae is easier due to the limited space. Nematophagous fungi offer a promising solution as they can naturally control these nematodes. In this study, three nematophagous fungi (Arthrobotrys oligospora, Dactylaria scaphoides, Nematoctonus leiosporus) purchased from the non-profit global biological resource center ATCC were tested for their suitability as biological control agents. The nematodes Strongyloides sp., Trichostrongylus sp. and Oesophagostomum sp. Were isolated from three animal species: wild boar (Sus scrofa) (n = 10), fallow deer (Dama) (n = 5) and mouflon (Ovis orientalis musimon) (n = 5) from a wildlife park using the Baermann-Wetzel method. In a second step, the fungi were brought into contact with the parasites on the soil of the enclosures. The two media tests showed that the nematophagous fungi were more effective on the agar plate than on the autoclaved soil. Only D. scaphoides showed good efficacy on both media, while the other two fungi showed more marked differences on the two media. The results showed that these three nematophagous fungi can reduce parasites in soil before they are ingested by an infected animal. Given the increasing development of drug resistance and the use of chemical agents for soil treatment, this is an important finding that should be pursued in the future.

土壤传播的蠕虫感染对围栏内的野生动物构成重大威胁，由于空间有限，这些寄生幼虫更容易传播。噬线虫真菌提供了一个很有希望的解决方案，因为它们可以自然地控制这些线虫。本研究对从非营利性全球生物资源中心ATCC购买的3种噬线虫真菌（Arthrobotrys oligospora, Dactylaria scaphoides, Nematoctonus leiosporus）作为生物防治剂的适宜性进行了测试。采用Baermann-Wetzel方法，从某野生动物园的野猪（Sus scrofa）（n = 10）、小鹿（Dama）（n = 5）和驼鹿（Ovis orientalis musimon）（n = 5） 3种动物中分离到线虫类（圆形线虫sp.）、毛线虫sp.、食道口线虫sp.。在第二步中，真菌与围栏土壤上的寄生虫接触。两种培养基试验表明，食线虫真菌在琼脂平板上的生长效率高于在高压土壤上的生长效率。只有舟形霉在两种培养基上均表现出较好的效果，而其他两种真菌在两种培养基上的差异更为显著。结果表明，这三种噬线虫真菌可以在被感染动物摄入之前减少土壤中的寄生虫。鉴于耐药性的日益发展和使用化学药剂进行土壤处理，这是一个重要的发现，应该在未来进行研究。

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引用次数: 0

Gyrodactylus nigeri n. sp. (Monogenea: Gyrodactylidae) parasitic on Yunnanilus niger (Cypriniformes: Nemacheilidae) from Yunnan Province, Southwest China 云南省黑云母蝇（鲤形目：黑云母蝇科）上的寄生蜂（单属：黑云母蝇科）

IF 2 3区医学 Q3 ECOLOGY

International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife

Pub Date : 2024-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.101034

Le Zhou , Tao Chen

To investigate the infection of fish of the genus Yunnanilus by Gyrodactylus (Monogenea) parasites in the karst region of Yunnan (Southwest China), Gyrodactylus individuals were obtained from the rare and vulnerable host black loach Yunnanilus niger. Based on morphology and partial internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence data, we identified and described a new species Gyrodactylus nigeri n. sp. Obtained from the fins of Y. niger from Yunnan Province, Southwest China. Of all available gyrodactylid sequences, the ITS fragment obtained has the highest similarity (88.3%) to the same part of the rDNA of Gyrodactylus kobayashii. The prevalence and mean intensity were 100% and 11.9, respectively. The morphological comparison of the similar haptoral structures revealed slight differences between the new species and the five Gyrodactylus species found in the hosts of Nemacheilidae, and the marginal hooks were compared with the 18 Gyrodactylus species found in the hosts of Nemacheilidae. In particular, G. nigeri n. sp. has robust, long, and straight hamuli with inclined roots, the lingulate ventral bar membrane, a short marginal sickle with a blunt marginal hook toe of marginal hooks, and an oval male copulatory organ (MCO). Gyrodactylus nigeri n. sp. is the first Gyrodactylus species isolated from Y. niger. Furthermore, phylogenetic analyses showed that the new species is a new member of the subgenus G. (Limnonephrotus).

为调查云南喀斯特地区单系Gyrodactylus （Monogenea）寄生虫对Yunnanilus属鱼类的感染情况，从稀有易感宿主黑泥鳅Yunnanilus niger身上采集了Gyrodactylus个体。基于形态学和部分内部转录间隔（ITS）序列数据，对云南黑鳍Gyrodactylus nigi n. sp.进行了鉴定和描述。所有可用gyrodactylid序列,其片段得到相似度最高(88.3%),其中kobayashii rDNA的一部分一样。患病率为100%，平均强度为11.9%。对相似的掌部结构进行了形态学比较，发现新种与在线虫科寄主中发现的5种旋毛虫略有差异，并将边缘钩与在线虫科寄主中发现的18种旋毛虫进行了比较。特别地，尼日尔氏线虫有粗壮的、长而直的、根倾斜的钩柄，舌状的腹棒膜，短的边缘镰刀，边缘钩的钝的边缘钩趾，和一个椭圆形的雄性交配器官（MCO）。尼日尔回肠虫（Gyrodactylus nigi n. sp.）是从尼日尔伊蚊中分离到的第一个回肠虫种。系统发育分析结果表明，该新种是属Limnonephrotus亚属的新成员。

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引用次数: 0

Molecular-based laboratory testing confer accuracy over microscopical testing for tick identification 基于分子的实验室测试比显微镜测试更准确地识别蜱虫。

IF 2 3区医学 Q3 ECOLOGY

International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife

Pub Date : 2024-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.101031

Isaac Singh , Min-Kuang Lee , Emily Kon , Navdeep Chahil , Martin Cheung , Catherine Hogan , Muhammad Morshed

As per published literature, the Ixodes pacificus tick is the primary Lyme disease vector in British Columbia (BC), while the Ixodes scapularis tick species is the dominant vector on the East Coast of Canada, with no I. scapularis presence seen in BC. However, a recent publication reported presence of I. scapularis in BC which initiated this study to determine the accuracy of the microscopic identification of ticks received in the BC Centre for Disease Control (BCCDC) Public Health Laboratory and compare morphologic methods to molecular methods. Molecular testing uses a real-time PCR assay to amplify the internal transcribed spacer 2 region as a screening method for I. scapularis; while Sanger sequencing tests the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene for species confirmation. Of the 209 ticks tested, 74% were I. pacificus, 3.8% were I. scapularis, and 22% were other genus including Amblyomma. Phylogenetic analysis was achieved through Sanger sequencing, confirming the accuracy of the real-time PCR assay. Notably, 6 of 8 I. scapularis tick’s hosts had clear travel history outside BC, while the 2 remaining have no confirmed travel. Both the microscopic and molecular identification methods suggest that I. pacificus ticks are dominant in BC and ticks identified as I. scapularis have host travel history outside of BC. This study further underscores the importance of tick surveillance as global human travel and sometimes along with their pets facilitate tick migration.

根据已发表的文献，太平洋硬蜱是不列颠哥伦比亚省（BC）莱姆病的主要媒介，而肩胛骨硬蜱是加拿大东海岸的主要媒介，BC省没有肩胛骨硬蜱的存在。然而，最近的一篇出版物报道了BC省存在肩胛骨蜱，从而启动了这项研究，以确定BC省疾病控制中心（BCCDC）公共卫生实验室收到的蜱显微鉴定的准确性，并将形态学方法与分子方法进行比较。分子检测采用实时荧光定量PCR法扩增内部转录间隔区2作为肩胛棘球蚴的筛选方法；而Sanger测序测试细胞色素c氧化酶亚基1基因以确定物种。在209只蜱中，太平洋蜱占74%，肩骨蜱占3.8%，其他属包括双足蜱占22%。通过Sanger测序进行系统发育分析，证实了实时PCR检测的准确性。值得注意的是，8名肩胛骨蜱宿主中有6名有明确的BC省以外旅行史，而其余2名没有确认的旅行。显微鉴定和分子鉴定结果表明，不列颠哥伦比亚省以太平洋蜱为主，经鉴定为肩背蜱的蜱在不列颠哥伦比亚省境外有寄主旅行史。这项研究进一步强调了蜱虫监测的重要性，因为全球人类旅行，有时伴随着他们的宠物，促进了蜱虫的迁移。

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引用次数: 0

Widespread geographic distribution of filarioid nematodes in caribou (Rangifer tarandus sspp.) in Canada 加拿大北美驯鹿（Rangifer tarandus sspp.）丝状线虫的广泛地理分布。

IF 2 3区医学 Q3 ECOLOGY

International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife

Pub Date : 2024-12-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.101030

Aparna Mariyam Thomas , Guilherme G. Verocai , John Soghigian , Fabien Mavrot , Naima Jutha , Jan Adamczewski , Tracy Davison , Gwen Duytschaever , Arthur Fernandes , Allicia Kelly , Matthew R. Kulpa , Eve Lamontagne , Lisa-Marie Leclerc , Sara McCarthy , Ashley McLaren , Amanda D. Melin , Susan J. Kutz

The caribou (Rangifer tarandus sspp.) is a keystone wildlife species in northern ecosystems that plays a central role in the culture, spirituality and food security of Indigenous People. The Arctic is currently experiencing an unprecedented rate of climate change, including warming temperatures and altered patterns of precipitation. These environmental changes can facilitate the transmission of arthropod-borne parasites, such as filarioid nematodes.

Filarioids are an important cause of morbidity and occasional mortality in Rangifer in Fennoscandia, however, much of the ecology and epidemiology of these parasites in caribou in North America, including Canada, remains unknown. We aimed to determine the parasitic diversity and geographic distribution of filarioid nematodes in three Canadian designatable units (DU) of caribou (barren-ground, boreal and Dolphin & Union) from Northwest Territories, Nunavut and Newfoundland & Labrador. Genomic DNA extracted from 768 blood samples was screened for filarioid nematodes using real-time PCR. The positive samples were Sanger sequenced to identify the parasite present. Based on the sequencing results, we identified Setaria yehi and Onchocerca cervipedis s.l. We then standardized a TaqMan probe based duplex droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) protocol for the simultaneous detection of S. yehi and O. cervipedis s.l. Based on real-time PCR results, 8/768 samples were positive. Setaria yehi and O. cervipedis s.l. were present in 4 separate samples (0.5%) each. Using ddPCR, 68/192 samples were positive (35.4%). Setaria yehi DNA was detected in 57/192 positive samples (29.7%), O. cervipedis s.l. DNA was present in 22/192 samples (11.5%) and 11/192 samples (5.7%) had co-infections. Setaria yehi was detected in all three DUs tested. Onchocerca cervipedis s.l. were found in barren-ground and boreal caribou, but not from the Dolphin and Union caribou.

Through this broad-based survey and through developing and implementing advanced molecular methodologies, we have documented the apparent distribution and diversity of S. yehi and O. cervipedis s.l. in parts of three Canadian DUs of caribou. The knowledge gained from this study provides baseline data and methodology for the further elucidation of the epidemiology of these parasites in North America.

北美驯鹿（Rangifer tarandus sspp.）是北方生态系统中的重要野生动物物种，在土著人民的文化、精神和粮食安全中发挥着核心作用。北极目前正经历着前所未有的气候变化速度，包括气温变暖和降水模式的改变。这些环境变化可以促进节肢动物传播的寄生虫，如丝状线虫的传播。丝状虫是芬诺斯坎迪亚地区野生动物发病和偶尔死亡的重要原因，然而，包括加拿大在内的北美驯鹿中这些寄生虫的生态学和流行病学仍然未知。我们旨在确定来自西北地区、努纳武特和纽芬兰和拉布拉多的三个加拿大指定单位（DU）驯鹿（荒地、北方和海豚和联盟）的丝状线虫的寄生虫多样性和地理分布。从768份血样中提取基因组DNA，采用实时荧光定量PCR技术筛选丝状线虫。对阳性样本进行桑格测序以鉴定存在的寄生虫。根据测序结果，鉴定出叶尾丝虫病和宫颈盘尾丝虫病，并标准化了基于TaqMan探针的双液滴数字PCR （ddPCR）方法，用于同时检测叶尾丝虫病和宫颈盘尾丝虫病，实时PCR结果为8/768份样品阳性。在4份样品中分别检出叶尾草（Setaria yehi）和O. cervipedis s.l.（0.5%）。ddPCR检测结果为68/192（35.4%）。192份阳性样本中检出尾尾草DNA 57份（29.7%），22份（11.5%）检出尾尾草DNA， 11份（5.7%）共感染。在所有检测的三种DUs中均检测到尾尾草属。颈盘尾丝虫在贫瘠地驯鹿和北方驯鹿中发现，但在海豚和联合驯鹿中未发现。通过这一广泛的调查，并通过开发和实施先进的分子方法，我们已经记录了syehi和O. cervipedis s.l.在加拿大三个北美驯鹿区部分地区的明显分布和多样性。从本研究中获得的知识为进一步阐明这些寄生虫在北美的流行病学提供了基线数据和方法。

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