International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife最新文献_第2页

Survey for Babesia spp. in wildlife in the eastern United States 美国东部野生动物巴贝西亚原虫调查

IF 2 3区医学 Q3 ECOLOGY

International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.101015

Eliza Baker , Michelle Dennis , Alex Jensen , Kayla Buck Garrett , Christopher A. Cleveland , Michael J. Yabsley , Justin D. Brown , Kyle Van Why , Richard Gerhold

Babesia is a diverse genus of piroplasms that parasitize the red blood cells of a wide variety of mammals and avian species, including humans. There is a lack of knowledge on the Babesia species of carnivores and mesomammals in the eastern United States and the potential impacts of these species on the health of humans and domestic animals. We surveyed 786 wild mammals in the eastern United States by testing blood, spleen, and heart samples with PCR targeting the 18S rRNA region of apicomplexan parasites. We also performed PCR targeting the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) region of each unique clade identified with 18S rRNA sequencing. We found a high positivity of Babesia spp. infection in raccoons (Procyon lotor), foxes (Vulpes vulpes and Urocyon cinereoargenteus), and striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis), and low positivity in Virginia opossums (Didelphis virginiana). No Babesia infections were detected in coyotes (Canis latrans), black bears (Ursus americanus), groundhogs (Marmota monax), muskrats (Ondatra zibethicus), or mink (Neovison vison). Skunks carried a diverse number of strains including a potential novel species of Babesia related to B. gibsoni, a strain closely related to a B. microti-like species known to cause disease in river otters, as well as a separate B. microti-like strain. Raccoons primarily carried B. microti-like strains, though there was a high diversity of sequences including Babesia lotori, Babesia sensu stricto MA230, and Babesia sp. ‘Coco.’ Foxes exclusively carried B. vulpes. In addition to Babesia spp., a high positivity of Hepatozoon spp. infection was found in mink, while low positivity was found in raccoons and muskrats. Wildlife in the eastern United States carry a diverse range of Babesia species including several novel strains of unknown clinical significance.

巴贝西亚原虫（Babesia）是一种寄生在包括人类在内的多种哺乳动物和鸟类红细胞内的多种多样的螺旋体属。人们对美国东部食肉动物和中型哺乳动物的巴贝西亚原虫种类以及这些种类对人类和家畜健康的潜在影响缺乏了解。我们对美国东部的 786 种野生哺乳动物进行了调查，用针对 apicomplexan 寄生虫 18S rRNA 区域的 PCR 对血液、脾脏和心脏样本进行了检测。我们还对通过 18S rRNA 测序确定的每个独特支系的细胞色素 c 氧化酶亚基 1（cox1）区域进行了 PCR 检测。我们发现浣熊（Procyon lotor）、狐狸（Vulpes vulpes and Urocyon cinereoargenteus）和条纹鼬（Mephitis mephitis）感染巴贝西亚原虫的阳性率较高，而弗吉尼亚负鼠（Didelphis virginiana）的阳性率较低。郊狼（Canis latrans）、黑熊（Ursus americanus）、土拨鼠（Marmota monax）、麝鼠（Ondatra zibethicus）或水貂（Neovison vison）均未检出巴贝西亚原虫感染。臭鼬携带的菌株多种多样，包括一种与 B. gibsoni 相关的潜在新型巴贝西亚菌株、一种与已知在河獭中致病的类似 B. microti 的菌株密切相关的菌株，以及一种单独的类似 B. microti 的菌株。浣熊主要携带 B. microti-like菌株，但序列的多样性很高，包括 Lotori巴贝西亚原虫、严格意义上的巴贝西亚原虫 MA230 和 'Coco' 巴贝西亚原虫。狐狸只携带秃头巴贝西亚原虫。除了巴贝西亚原虫外，水貂也发现了肝吸虫属感染的高阳性率，而浣熊和麝鼠的阳性率较低。美国东部的野生动物携带多种巴贝西亚原虫，包括几种临床意义不明的新型菌株。

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引用次数: 0

Prevalence and local transmission of haemosporidian (Haemosporida) parasites in nestlings of birds of prey (Aves, Accipitriformes) in the temperate forests in Lithuania 立陶宛温带森林中雏鸟体内血孢子虫（Haemosporida）寄生虫的流行和本地传播情况

IF 2 3区医学 Q3 ECOLOGY

International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife

Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.101013

Dovilė Bukauskaitė, Carolina Romeiro Fernandes Chagas, Mélanie Duc, Margarita Kazak, Rimgaudas Treinys

Wild birds of prey (Accipitriformes) are infected with haemosporidian (Haemosporida) parasites worldwide, and it is known that these parasites can negatively affect their health. These birds are less studied due to their low densities in ecosystems, conservation status, and difficulty of accessing them in the wild. Therefore, in this study, we focused on nestlings of birds of prey that are accessible in their nests during late breeding stages in temperate forests in Lithuania. Investigating haemosporidian parasites in nestlings is crucial for understanding local parasite transmission. To identify the haemosporidian parasite species transmitted in Lithuania, we sampled nestlings of the white-tailed eagles (Haliaeetus albicilla), lesser spotted eagles (Clanga pomarina), and common buzzards (Buteo buteo) in 2019–2022. Blood samples were collected from the nestlings, and molecular methods were employed to sequence a fragment of the parasite's cytochrome b (cyt b) gene using specific primers (Plas1F/HaemNR3 and 3760F/HaemJR4). In addition to molecular techniques, microscopy was used to examine blood smears for the presence of parasites. Our results revealed that nestlings of birds of prey were infected only with Leucocytozoon spp., with an overall prevalence of 30.5%. The prevalence was similar between years, but it was significantly species-dependent. The common buzzard nestlings had the highest prevalence (80%), followed by the lesser spotted eagle (29.2%) and the white-tailed eagle (13.2%). A total of nine genetic lineages were identified, with five of them being novel. Our study demonstrates that Leucocytozoon parasites are actively transmitted to nestlings of birds of prey in Lithuania, with a high prevalence.

世界各地都有野生猛禽（咀齿目）感染血孢子虫寄生虫，众所周知，这些寄生虫会对它们的健康产生负面影响。由于这些鸟类在生态系统中的密度较低，保护状况较差，而且很难在野外接触到它们，因此对它们的研究较少。因此，在这项研究中，我们将重点放在立陶宛温带森林中繁殖后期可在巢中接触到的雏鸟身上。调查雏鸟体内的血孢子寄生虫对于了解当地寄生虫传播情况至关重要。为了确定在立陶宛传播的血孢子虫寄生虫种类，我们在2019-2022年对白尾海雕（Haliaeetus albicilla）、小斑海雕（Clanga pomarina）和普通鵟（Buteo buteo）的雏鸟进行了采样。采集了雏鸟的血样，并采用分子方法，使用特定引物（Plas1F/HaemNR3和3760F/HaemJR4）对寄生虫的细胞色素b（cyt b）基因片段进行测序。除分子技术外，我们还使用显微镜检查血液涂片，以确定是否存在寄生虫。我们的研究结果表明，雏鸟只感染了白细胞虫属，总感染率为 30.5%。不同年份的感染率相似，但与物种有明显的相关性。普通鵟雏鸟的感染率最高（80%），其次是小斑雕（29.2%）和白尾海雕（13.2%）。共发现了九个遗传系，其中五个是新发现的。我们的研究表明，在立陶宛，白细胞介体寄生虫会主动传播给雏鸟，而且发病率很高。

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引用次数: 0

Gastrointestinal parasite prevalence, diversity and association in free-ranging Chacma baboon troops in a semi-arid savanna ecosystem of Zimbabwe 津巴布韦半干旱稀树草原生态系统中自由活动的查克马狒狒群的胃肠道寄生虫流行率、多样性和关联性

IF 2 3区医学 Q3 ECOLOGY

International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife

Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.101012

Annabel Banda , Doreen Z. Moyo , Nokubonga Ncube , Edmore Utete , James Machingura , Tapiwa Gumbo , Edson Gandiwa

Free-ranging Chacma baboon species are known to harbour a wide range of zoonotic parasites, and their frequent close interactions with humans pose a risk of transmission of zoonotic parasites between the two species. This research study focused on understanding parasite dynamics in free-ranging baboon populations that inhabit human-wildlife interface areas, a case of Gwanda State University's Epoch Mine campus in Filabusi at Insiza district. A descriptive and analytical cross-sectional design was used to investigate the prevalence, diversity and association of gastrointestinal parasites among three baboon troops found at the Epoch Mine campus. One hundred and twenty (120) fresh faecal samples were collected from the three troops between February and September 2023. The centrifugal floatation technique was used to process and analyse faecal samples, and parasite ova and cysts were identified using morphological features like shape and size. The prevalence of the parasite taxa and a chi-squared multiple comparison test was computed. Results showed significant differences among most parasite taxa except Coccidia spp and Entamoeba spp among the three troops. The Shannon–Wiener (H′) index was used to calculate diversity and graphs were utilized to present the association. The Kruskal-Wallis tests showed no significant difference in parasite diversity among the three troops. Although troop-parasite association showed different parasite species for each troop, helminths Strongylid spp. and Schistosoma spp. were highly common across all three troops. Troop 1 and 3 were associated with four parasite taxa, whereas Troop 2 had only three. The study reveals the presence of gastro-intestinal parasites of public health concern, as they are capable of causing diseases in humans and domestic animals. The study, therefore, underscores the importance of understanding parasite-host dynamics in mitigating zoonotic disease transmission and suggests the need to generate baseline data for mitigating zoonotic diseases and maintaining a healthy ecosystem.

众所周知，自由放养的查克马狒狒携带多种人畜共患病寄生虫，它们与人类频繁的密切交往也带来了人畜共患病寄生虫在两个物种之间传播的风险。这项研究的重点是了解栖息在人类与野生动物交界地区的自由活动狒狒种群的寄生虫动态。该研究采用描述性和分析性横断面设计，调查了在 Epoch Mine 校园发现的三支狒狒队伍中胃肠道寄生虫的流行率、多样性和关联性。研究人员于 2023 年 2 月至 9 月期间从三个狒狒群中收集了 120 份新鲜粪便样本。采用离心浮选技术对粪便样本进行处理和分析，并根据形状和大小等形态特征对寄生虫卵和包囊进行鉴定。计算了寄生虫类群的流行率，并进行了卡方多重比较检验。结果表明，除球虫属和恩塔米巴虫属外，大多数寄生虫类群在三支部队中存在明显差异。采用香农-维纳（H′）指数来计算多样性，并利用图表来显示相关性。Kruskal-Wallis 检验表明，三支部队的寄生虫多样性没有显著差异。虽然部队与寄生虫的关联显示每个部队的寄生虫种类不同，但蠕虫类的强龙虫属和血吸虫属在三个部队中都很常见。1 号和 3 号部队有四个寄生虫类群，而 2 号部队只有三个。这项研究揭示了公共卫生方面存在的胃肠道寄生虫，因为它们能够引起人类和家畜的疾病。因此，这项研究强调了了解寄生虫-宿主动态对减轻人畜共患病传播的重要性，并表明有必要为减轻人畜共患病和维持健康的生态系统生成基线数据。

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引用次数: 0

Endoparasite survey in Amazonian manatees (Trichechus inunguis) under rehabilitation in the Peruvian Amazon 秘鲁亚马逊河流域正在恢复的亚马逊海牛（Trichechus inunguis）体内寄生虫调查

IF 2 3区医学 Q3 ECOLOGY

International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife

Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.101011

Philipp Sziderics , Alessandra R. Medrano Zavala , Edmundo Guadalupe Parada Lopez , E. Leonardo Davila Panduro , Juan J.E. Sanchez Babilonia , Maria S. Unterköfler , David Ebmer , Emmanouil A. Koumantakis , Jim W. Ruiz Pezo , Franco I. Macedo Tafur , Luis A. Gomez-Puerta , Hans-Peter Fuehrer

Manatee populations are declining worldwide, and all currently existing species are considered vulnerable by the IUCN. The most common problems during nurturing young Amazonian manatees, Trichechus inunguis, in rescue centres are of gastrointestinal nature leading to inappetence, diarrhoea, cachexia and even death. Endoparasites play an important role in the well-being of wildlife in captivity as well as in the wild, though information about relevant protozoan and metazoan endoparasites in Amazonian manatees is still scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to find endoparasites in T. inunguis by analyzing faecal samples from 23 Amazonian manatees which were kept in rescue centres in the Peruvian Amazon. The samples were screened for protozoan and metazoan parasites using coproscopical analysis and molecular tools. Out of twenty juvenile animals eleven were positive for at least one Eimeriidae. Two morphologically different, not yet genetically described Eimeria species were identified. One of them seems to be Eimeria trichechi which has only been described once in 1984 in Amazonian manatees from Brazil. It was not found to lead to clinical symptoms of coccidiosis in this study. The second, Eimeria sp. Type B was associated with clinical coccidiosis in a young Amazonian manatee, which showed gastrointestinal symptoms including diarrhoea, inappetence and cachexia. No other protozoan or metazoan parasite were detected in any of the samples. The present study is the first to investigate endoparasites in Amazonian manatees using molecular tools and is the first to identify an Eimeria species that could be associated with clinical symptoms in T. inunguis. With information from our study rescue centres can improve monitoring of parasites more effectively to reduce morbidity and mortality rates among rehabilitated manatees as well as improve the health status and fitness of animals for a successful release back into the wild.

海牛的数量在全球范围内不断减少，世界自然保护联盟（IUCN）认为目前存在的所有物种都很脆弱。救助中心在哺育亚马逊海牛（Trichechus inunguis）幼崽时最常见的问题是肠胃问题，导致食欲不振、腹泻、恶病质甚至死亡。尽管有关亚马逊海牛体内原生动物和变态动物内寄生虫的信息仍然很少，但内寄生虫对圈养和野外野生动物的健康起着重要作用。因此，本研究旨在通过分析 23 只亚马逊海牛的粪便样本来发现海牛体内的内寄生虫，这些海牛被饲养在秘鲁亚马逊地区的救助中心。利用共显微镜分析和分子工具对样本进行了原生动物和后生动物寄生虫筛查。在 20 只幼年动物中，有 11 只至少对一种 Eimeriidae 寄生虫呈阳性反应。确定了两种形态不同、尚未在遗传学上描述过的艾美拉虫。其中一种似乎是Eimeria trichechi，仅于1984年在巴西亚马逊海牛中描述过一次。在这项研究中，没有发现它导致球虫病的临床症状。第二种是 B 型 Eimeria sp.，它与一只亚马逊海牛的临床球虫病有关，该海牛表现出腹泻、食欲不振和恶病质等胃肠道症状。在任何样本中都没有检测到其他原生动物或元虫寄生虫。本研究是首次利用分子工具调查亚马逊海牛体内寄生虫的研究，也是首次发现可能与海牛临床症状有关的艾美拉虫。根据我们的研究信息，救援中心可以更有效地改善对寄生虫的监测，以降低康复海牛的发病率和死亡率，并改善动物的健康状况和体能，以便成功地将其放归野外。

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引用次数: 0

Estimating the impact of sarcoptic mange epidemic on the population size of wild raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) from wildlife rescue data 从野生动物救助数据估算肉毒疥癣疫情对野生浣熊犬（Nyctereutes procyonoides）种群数量的影响

IF 2 3区医学 Q3 ECOLOGY

International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife

Pub Date : 2024-10-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.101010

Ryota Matsuyama , Nobuhide Kido , Ryosuke Omori

The impact of infectious diseases on host populations is often not quantified because it is difficult to observe the host population and infectious disease dynamics. To address this problem, we developed a state-space model to simultaneously estimate host population and disease dynamics using wildlife rescue data. Using this model, we aimed to quantify the impact of sarcoptic mange on a Japanese raccoon dog population by estimating the change in their relative population size. We classified the status of rescued raccoon dogs into four categories: i) rescued due to infection with mange, ii) rescued due to traffic accidents without mange, iii) rescued due to traffic accidents with mange, and iv) rescued due to causes other than traffic accidents or mange. We modelled the observation process for each category and fitted the model to the reported number of raccoon dogs rescued between 1990 and 2010 at three wildlife rescue facilities in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. The mortality rate induced by mange was estimated to be 1.09 (95% credible interval (CI): 0.47–1.72) per year. The estimated prevalence of sarcoptic mange ranged between 4 and 80% in the study period. When a substantial prevalence of mange was observed (1995–2002), the host population size decreased by 91.2% (95% credible intervals: 86.3–94.7). We show that the impact of infectious disease outbreak on the wildlife population can be estimated from the time-series data of wildlife rescue events due to multiple causes. Our estimates suggest that sarcoptic mange triggered a substantial decrease in the Japanese wild raccoon dog populations.

传染病对宿主种群的影响往往无法量化，因为很难观察到宿主种群和传染病的动态。为了解决这个问题，我们开发了一个状态空间模型，利用野生动物救助数据同时估算宿主种群和疾病动态。利用该模型，我们旨在通过估算日本浣熊犬相对种群数量的变化，量化肉眼疥癣病对日本浣熊犬种群的影响。我们将获救浣熊犬的状况分为四类：i) 因感染疥癣而获救；ii) 因交通事故而获救，但无疥癣；iii) 因交通事故而获救，但有疥癣；iv) 因交通事故或疥癣以外的原因而获救。我们对每个类别的观察过程建立了模型，并将模型与 1990 年至 2010 年期间日本神奈川县三家野生动物救助机构报告的浣熊犬救助数量进行了拟合。据估计，疥癣导致的死亡率为每年 1.09（95% 可信区间 (CI)：0.47-1.72）。在研究期间，疥癣病的发病率估计在 4% 到 80% 之间。当观察到疥癣病大量流行时（1995-2002 年），宿主种群数量减少了 91.2%（95% 可信区间：86.3-94.7）。我们的研究表明，传染病爆发对野生动物种群的影响可以从多种原因导致的野生动物救助事件的时间序列数据中估算出来。我们的估计结果表明，肉毒疥癣引发了日本野生貉狗数量的大幅减少。

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引用次数: 0

Exploring animal enclosures and parasite interactions in Germany 探索德国动物圈舍与寄生虫的相互作用

IF 2 3区医学 Q3 ECOLOGY

International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife

Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.101009

Christopher Sander , Niko Balkenhol , Stephan Neumann

In order to gain an initial impression of the current parasite situation in wildlife enclosures across Germany, 17 enclosures of six animal species were examined for parasites in soil and fecal samples in seven facilities. Of particular interest in this context are helminths and protists. Despite the potential risks, however, there are only a few studies on parasites in animal enclosures due to the taboo subject. The study examined 661 fecal samples from fallow deer (Dama dama, N = 247), wild boar (Sus scrofa, N = 207), red deer (Cervus elaphus, N = 111), mouflon (Ovis orientalis musimon N = 76), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus, N = 12) and bison (Bison bonasus, N = 8) as well as 136 soil samples from 12 single-species enclosures and 5 mixed-species enclosures. Three hundred and sixty fecal samples (54.46 %) tested positive for parasites using flotation and sedimentation methods. In addition, parasites were detected in 62.5 % (N = 85) of the soil samples. Examination of the faecal samples revealed that the most common parasite species were Strongyloides sp., Trichostrongylus sp. and Trichuris sp. With the help of a Geographic Information System (GIS), the findings could be displayed on an enclosure map and initial hypotheses on environmental relationships could be made. Particularly high parasite samples were mostly located near feeding and resting areas. The results underline the need for more regular monitoring and targeted parasite management to protect the health of the animals. GIS can be used as an additional tool to help identify hotspots and to specifically incorporate the environment into management in order to take animal-friendly measures. This will play a greater role in the future in the context of anthelmintic resistance.

为了对德国各地野生动物圈舍中的寄生虫现状有一个初步印象，我们对 7 个设施中 17 个圈舍中 6 种动物的土壤和粪便样本中的寄生虫进行了检测。在这种情况下，蠕虫和原生动物尤其值得关注。然而，尽管存在潜在风险，但由于讳莫如深，有关动物圈舍中寄生虫的研究却寥寥无几。这项研究对 661 份粪便样本进行了检测，样本分别来自母鹿（Dama dama，N = 247）、野猪（Sus scrofa，N = 207）、马鹿（Cervus elaphus，N = 111）、骡子（Ovis orientalis musimon，N = 76）、狍子（Capreolus capreolus，N = 12）和野牛（Bison bonasus，N = 8），以及来自 12 个单一物种圈舍和 5 个混合物种圈舍的 136 份土壤样本。采用浮选和沉淀方法对 360 份粪便样本（54.46%）进行了寄生虫检测，结果呈阳性。此外，62.5%（N = 85）的土壤样本中检测到寄生虫。对粪便样本的检测显示，最常见的寄生虫种类是弓形虫属、三代弓形虫属和毛滴虫属。在地理信息系统（GIS）的帮助下，检测结果可显示在围栏地图上，并可对环境关系做出初步假设。寄生虫特别多的样本大多位于觅食区和休息区附近。结果表明，有必要进行更多的定期监测和有针对性的寄生虫管理，以保护动物的健康。地理信息系统（GIS）可作为一种辅助工具，帮助确定热点地区，并特别将环境纳入管理，以采取对动物友好的措施。未来，这将在抗蠕虫药抗药性方面发挥更大的作用。

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引用次数: 0

Northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) population response to anthelminthic treatment in the Rolling Plains ecoregion of Texas, 2014–2016 2014-2016年得克萨斯州滚动平原生态区北部山鹑（Colinus virginianus）种群对抗虫药治疗的反应

IF 2 3区医学 Q3 ECOLOGY

International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife

Pub Date : 2024-10-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.101006

Cassandra Henry, Matthew Z. Brym, Jeremiah Leach, Ronald J. Kendall

Northern bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) are an economically significant gamebird that has experienced continued general decline in the Rolling Plains ecoregion of Texas. Habitat loss and changing environmental conditions have been cited as major contributors to this decline, with factors such as parasites being considered inconsequential. To better assess the impacts of parasite infections on bobwhite populations in the Rolling Plains, bobwhite abundance was monitored in response to anthelminthic treatment. With the prevalence of Oxyspirura petrowi and Aulonocephalus pennula infections in quail from Mitchell County, Texas confirmed by previous studies, the anthelminthic agent Fenbendazole was introduced as a means of parasite control in 2014–2015. Bobwhite abundance was determined through a series of call counts which provided an index of bobwhite populations and were conducted throughout the course of the study. In 2016, call counts revealed a significant increase of bobwhite in the area subject to Fenbendazole treatment, while untreated areas showed no changes in abundance. Fall populations of bobwhite in the treated zone approached 300% of those in untreated areas, these findings suggest that parasites may have a more significant impact on quail populations in the Rolling Plains than previously suspected. With the importance of bobwhite as a game bird in the Rolling Plains, the potential impacts of parasites must be taken into consideration as a factor contributing to bobwhite declines. Further research into the long-term effects these parasites have on quail populations in the ecoregion may aid landowners in developing affordable and effective conservation strategies.

北方山鹑（Colinus virginianus）是一种具有重要经济价值的狩猎鸟类，在得克萨斯州滚动平原生态区的数量持续普遍下降。栖息地的丧失和环境条件的变化被认为是造成这种减少的主要原因，而寄生虫等因素则被认为无关紧要。为了更好地评估寄生虫感染对滚动平原山齿鹑种群的影响，我们监测了山齿鹑数量对驱虫药治疗的反应。先前的研究证实得克萨斯州米切尔县的鹌鹑中普遍存在Oxyspirura petrowi和Aulonocephalus pennula感染，因此在2014-2015年引入了驱虫药芬苯达唑作为寄生虫控制手段。在整个研究过程中，通过一系列提供山鹑数量指数的呼叫计数来确定山鹑的丰度。2016 年，呼叫计数显示，芬苯达唑治疗区域的山齿白数量显著增加，而未治疗区域的山齿白数量则没有变化。治疗区域的秋季山鹑数量接近未治疗区域的300%，这些发现表明，寄生虫对滚动平原鹌鹑数量的影响可能比之前怀疑的更为严重。鉴于山鹑作为一种野禽在滚动平原的重要性，寄生虫的潜在影响必须作为导致山鹑数量下降的一个因素加以考虑。进一步研究这些寄生虫对该生态区鹌鹑种群的长期影响可能有助于土地所有者制定负担得起且有效的保护策略。

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引用次数: 0

Patterns of feather mite (Acariformes: Astigmata) prevalence and load in a promiscuous bird during the breeding season 一种杂交鸟类在繁殖季节的羽毛螨（螨形目：Astigmata）流行率和负荷模式

IF 2 3区医学 Q3 ECOLOGY

International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife

Pub Date : 2024-10-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.101008

Joanna Wołoszkiewicz , Jacek Dabert , Sandra Kaźmierczak , Janusz Kloskowski

The effects of ectosymbiotic feather mites on avian host fitness and factors driving the variation in mite infestation levels, such as host mating and brood care system, are poorly understood. We investigated patterns of feather mite prevalence and abundance, and relationships between infestation and body condition in breeding Aquatic Warblers Acrocephalus paludicola, a promiscuous songbird with female-only parental care. In plumage, the dominant mite species was Trouessartia bifurcata, whose prevalence more than doubled during the breeding season, to reach 95% (95% confidence limits 71–99) during the second-brood period. Approximately 5% of birds were co-infested with Proctophyllodes cf. clavatus. While mite prevalence did not differ between sexes, mite abundance was significantly greater in Aquatic Warbler females than in males, and it increased between the first- and the second-brood period irrespective of sex. No significant relationship was found between mite prevalence or abundance and host condition expressed as mass scaled to size. However, in breeding females, this relationship could be confounded by the effects of nest-dwelling ectoparasites present in some nests but only sporadically if at all detected on adult birds; 2% of adult birds were heavily infested with the hematophagous mite Dermanyssus hirundinis (Mesostigmata). Our findings indicate that the mating system may affect symbiont variability between and within host species. The high prevalence of feather mites on adult birds at the late stage of the breeding season supports the hypothesis that promiscuous species have high infestation levels. Greater mite loads on Aquatic Warbler females than males reveal a different pattern from previously studied birds. However, we did not identify any consequences of mite infestation for the female body condition or current breeding success; hence, the apparently commensal relationship does not imply costs of female promiscuity.

人们对外生性羽螨对鸟类宿主健康的影响以及宿主交配和育雏系统等螨虫侵染水平变化的驱动因素知之甚少。我们研究了繁殖期水莺（Acrocephalus paludicola）羽毛螨的流行和丰度模式，以及螨患与身体状况之间的关系。在羽螨中，最主要的螨类是Trouessartia bifurcata，其流行率在繁殖季节增加了一倍多，在第二胎期间达到95%（95%置信区间为71-99）。约有 5%的鸟类同时感染了 Proctophyllodes cf. clavatus。虽然螨虫的流行率在雌雄之间没有差异，但雌性水莺的螨虫数量明显高于雄性水莺，而且螨虫数量在初潮和二潮期间增加，与性别无关。在螨的流行率或丰度与寄主条件（按体型比例表示的质量）之间没有发现明显的关系。然而，在繁殖期雌鸟中，这种关系可能会被一些巢居外寄生虫的影响所混淆，这些外寄生虫存在于一些巢中，但即使在成鸟身上发现，也只是零星存在；2%的成鸟受到食血螨Dermanyssus hirundinis（介形目）的严重侵扰。我们的研究结果表明，交配系统可能会影响宿主物种之间和宿主物种内部共生体的变异性。成鸟在繁殖季节后期羽毛螨的高流行率支持了杂交物种具有高侵染水平的假设。水莺雌鸟身上的螨虫量大于雄鸟，这揭示了一种与之前研究的鸟类不同的模式。然而，我们并未发现螨虫侵扰对雌鸟的身体状况或当前的繁殖成功率有任何影响；因此，这种明显的共生关系并不意味着雌鸟滥交的代价。

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引用次数: 0

Platyhelminthes of common buzzard (Buteo buteo): Checklist of species in Europe and new parasite-host associations in Romania 普通鵟（Buteo buteo）的扁形动物：欧洲物种核对表和罗马尼亚新的寄生虫宿主关联

IF 2 3区医学 Q3 ECOLOGY

International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife

Pub Date : 2024-10-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.101007

Katarzyna Anna Hołówka , Angela Monica Ionică , Mihai Ilea , Alexandru Cristian Poșa , Vlad Dan Cotuțiu , Alexandru Bulacu , Jilji Sitko , Oana Cristina Vasiliu , Andrei Daniel Mihalca , Călin Mircea Gherman

Background

Platyhelminthes are common parasites of diurnal birds of prey, including common buzzard (Buteo buteo). They are widely distributed in Europe. Despite the extensive study of flatworms across the continent, this study represents the first report for Romania and extends the biogeographic knowledge of Platyhelminthes in diurnal raptors. It also identifies common buzzards as a new host of Parastrigea flexilis in Europe.

Materials and methods

Between 2017 and 2020, 63 common buzzards (Buteo buteo) found road killed or dead due to other causes were collected from Romania. All specimens were necropsied and examined for internal helminths, which were preserved in ethanol for molecular identification and formaldehyde for morphological identification.

Results

Species identified included Cestoda: Cladotaenia globifera (33.3%) and five species of Trematoda: Neodiplostomum attenuatum (12.7%), Strigea falconis (6.4%), Parastrigea flexilis (3.2%), Neodiplostomum spathoides (3.2%) and Brachylaima fuscata (1.6%).

Conclusions

This study provides new data about diversity, phylogenetics and geographical distribution of Platyhelminthes parasitizing Buteo buteo in Romania. To our best knowledge, it identifies B. buteo as a new host of Parastrigea flexilis and reports the first genetic sequence of Neodiplostomum spathoides.

背景扁形动物是包括普通鵟（Buteo buteo）在内的昼行性猛禽的常见寄生虫。它们广泛分布于欧洲。尽管欧洲大陆对扁形动物进行了广泛的研究，但本研究是罗马尼亚的首份报告，扩展了昼行猛禽体内扁形动物的生物地理学知识。材料与方法在2017年至2020年间，从罗马尼亚收集了63只在路上被发现或因其他原因死亡的普通鵟（Buteo buteo）。对所有标本进行尸体解剖并检查内部蠕虫，将其保存在乙醇中进行分子鉴定，保存在甲醛中进行形态鉴定：33.3% ）和 5 种吸虫：结论这项研究提供了有关罗马尼亚疣鼻动物寄生虫的多样性、系统发育和地理分布的新数据。据我们所知，该研究确定了 B. buteo 是 Parastrigea flexilis 的新宿主，并首次报告了 Neodiplostomum spathoides 的基因序列。

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引用次数: 0

Assessment of enteric helminth parasites in bushmeat in Ghana 评估加纳丛林肉类中的肠道蠕虫寄生虫

IF 2 3区医学 Q3 ECOLOGY

International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife

Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.101005

Joanita Asirifi Yeboah , Winnifred Offih-Kyei , Caleb Kobina Danso-Coffie , Emmanuel Boafo , Philip Banahene , Rhoda Yeboah , Godfred Futagbi , Langbong Bimi , Daniel Oduro

Anthropogenic activities, such as hunting wild animals for food, increase the risk of zoonotic transmission of infective stages of parasites to humans. The handling, processing and consumption of wild animal meat, popularly known as ‘bushmeat’, as well as exposure to wildlife habitats, can pose a significant risk to human health through the transfer of parasitic infective stages. This study sought to assess the enteric helminth parasite burden and potentially zoonotic helminths in fresh, wild animal carcasses being processed for food. Parasitological analysis of samples of rectal and intestinal contents collected from a total of fifty (50) wild animal carcasses belonging to eight (8) different species at the Atwemonom Bushmeat Market in Kumasi showed nine (9) genera of enteric helminth parasites with an overall prevalence of 71.0%. Individual parasite species prevalence was assessed, with Ascaris sp. showing 25% and 87.5% by coprological and molecular assessment, respectively. Molecular analysis showed a higher parasite species prevalence in all samples analyzed. Species-specific analysis indicated the presence of two potentially zoonotic parasites, Strongyloides stercoralis and Trichuris trichiura, in wild animals, indicating the need to intensify one health approach in wild animal parasitic infections. Data from this study suggest that wild animals in addition to being natural hosts, may also serve as reservoirs for numerous parasites of medical and veterinary importance.

人类活动，如捕猎野生动物为食，增加了寄生虫感染阶段人畜共患传染给人类的风险。野生动物肉（俗称 "丛林肉"）的处理、加工和消费，以及野生动物栖息地的暴露，都可能通过寄生虫感染阶段的传播对人类健康构成重大风险。这项研究旨在评估加工成食品的新鲜野生动物尸体中的肠道蠕虫寄生虫负担和潜在的人畜共患蠕虫。在库马西的 Atwemonom 野味市场，从总共五十（50）具野生动物尸体的直肠和肠道内容物样本中收集了八（8）个不同种类的寄生虫，对这些样本进行的寄生虫学分析表明，其中有九（9）属肠道蠕虫寄生虫，总体流行率为 71.0%。对单个寄生虫种类的流行率进行了评估，蛔虫属（Ascaris sp.）的流行率为 25%，分子评估的流行率为 87.5%。分子分析表明，所有分析样本中的寄生虫种类流行率都较高。物种特异性分析表明，野生动物中存在两种潜在的人畜共患寄生虫--Strongyloides stercoralis和Trichuris trichiura，这表明有必要加强对野生动物寄生虫感染的卫生防疫。这项研究的数据表明，野生动物除了是自然宿主外，还可能是许多具有医疗和兽医重要性的寄生虫的贮藏地。

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引用次数: 0