Pub Date : 2024-10-19DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.101007
Katarzyna Anna Hołówka , Angela Monica Ionică , Mihai Ilea , Alexandru Cristian Poșa , Vlad Dan Cotuțiu , Alexandru Bulacu , Jilji Sitko , Oana Cristina Vasiliu , Andrei Daniel Mihalca , Călin Mircea Gherman
Background
Platyhelminthes are common parasites of diurnal birds of prey, including common buzzard (Buteo buteo). They are widely distributed in Europe. Despite the extensive study of flatworms across the continent, this study represents the first report for Romania and extends the biogeographic knowledge of Platyhelminthes in diurnal raptors. It also identifies common buzzards as a new host of Parastrigea flexilis in Europe.
Materials and methods
Between 2017 and 2020, 63 common buzzards (Buteo buteo) found road killed or dead due to other causes were collected from Romania. All specimens were necropsied and examined for internal helminths, which were preserved in ethanol for molecular identification and formaldehyde for morphological identification.
Results
Species identified included Cestoda: Cladotaenia globifera (33.3%) and five species of Trematoda: Neodiplostomum attenuatum (12.7%), Strigea falconis (6.4%), Parastrigea flexilis (3.2%), Neodiplostomum spathoides (3.2%) and Brachylaima fuscata (1.6%).
Conclusions
This study provides new data about diversity, phylogenetics and geographical distribution of Platyhelminthes parasitizing Buteo buteo in Romania. To our best knowledge, it identifies B. buteo as a new host of Parastrigea flexilis and reports the first genetic sequence of Neodiplostomum spathoides.
{"title":"Platyhelminthes of common buzzard (Buteo buteo): Checklist of species in Europe and new parasite-host associations in Romania","authors":"Katarzyna Anna Hołówka , Angela Monica Ionică , Mihai Ilea , Alexandru Cristian Poșa , Vlad Dan Cotuțiu , Alexandru Bulacu , Jilji Sitko , Oana Cristina Vasiliu , Andrei Daniel Mihalca , Călin Mircea Gherman","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.101007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.101007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Platyhelminthes are common parasites of diurnal birds of prey, including common buzzard (<em>Buteo buteo</em>). They are widely distributed in Europe. Despite the extensive study of flatworms across the continent, this study represents the first report for Romania and extends the biogeographic knowledge of Platyhelminthes in diurnal raptors. It also identifies common buzzards as a new host of <em>Parastrigea flexilis</em> in Europe.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>Between 2017 and 2020, 63 common buzzards (<em>Buteo buteo</em>) found road killed or dead due to other causes were collected from Romania. All specimens were necropsied and examined for internal helminths, which were preserved in ethanol for molecular identification and formaldehyde for morphological identification.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Species identified included Cestoda: <em>Cladotaenia globifera</em> (33.3%) and five species of Trematoda: <em>Neodiplostomum attenuatum</em> (12.7%), <em>Strigea falconis</em> (6.4%), <em>Parastrigea flexilis</em> (3.2%), <em>Neodiplostomum spathoides</em> (3.2%) and <em>Brachylaima fuscata</em> (1.6%).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study provides new data about diversity, phylogenetics and geographical distribution of Platyhelminthes parasitizing <em>Buteo buteo</em> in Romania. To our best knowledge, it identifies <em>B. buteo</em> as a new host of <em>Parastrigea flexilis</em> and reports the first genetic sequence of <em>Neodiplostomum spathoides</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 101007"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142560733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anthropogenic activities, such as hunting wild animals for food, increase the risk of zoonotic transmission of infective stages of parasites to humans. The handling, processing and consumption of wild animal meat, popularly known as ‘bushmeat’, as well as exposure to wildlife habitats, can pose a significant risk to human health through the transfer of parasitic infective stages. This study sought to assess the enteric helminth parasite burden and potentially zoonotic helminths in fresh, wild animal carcasses being processed for food. Parasitological analysis of samples of rectal and intestinal contents collected from a total of fifty (50) wild animal carcasses belonging to eight (8) different species at the Atwemonom Bushmeat Market in Kumasi showed nine (9) genera of enteric helminth parasites with an overall prevalence of 71.0%. Individual parasite species prevalence was assessed, with Ascaris sp. showing 25% and 87.5% by coprological and molecular assessment, respectively. Molecular analysis showed a higher parasite species prevalence in all samples analyzed. Species-specific analysis indicated the presence of two potentially zoonotic parasites, Strongyloides stercoralis and Trichuris trichiura, in wild animals, indicating the need to intensify one health approach in wild animal parasitic infections. Data from this study suggest that wild animals in addition to being natural hosts, may also serve as reservoirs for numerous parasites of medical and veterinary importance.
{"title":"Assessment of enteric helminth parasites in bushmeat in Ghana","authors":"Joanita Asirifi Yeboah , Winnifred Offih-Kyei , Caleb Kobina Danso-Coffie , Emmanuel Boafo , Philip Banahene , Rhoda Yeboah , Godfred Futagbi , Langbong Bimi , Daniel Oduro","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.101005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.101005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Anthropogenic activities, such as hunting wild animals for food, increase the risk of zoonotic transmission of infective stages of parasites to humans. The handling, processing and consumption of wild animal meat, popularly known as ‘bushmeat’, as well as exposure to wildlife habitats, can pose a significant risk to human health through the transfer of parasitic infective stages. This study sought to assess the enteric helminth parasite burden and potentially zoonotic helminths in fresh, wild animal carcasses being processed for food. Parasitological analysis of samples of rectal and intestinal contents collected from a total of fifty (50) wild animal carcasses belonging to eight (8) different species at the Atwemonom Bushmeat Market in Kumasi showed nine (9) genera of enteric helminth parasites with an overall prevalence of 71.0%. Individual parasite species prevalence was assessed, with <em>Ascaris</em> sp. showing 25% and 87.5% by coprological and molecular assessment, respectively. Molecular analysis showed a higher parasite species prevalence in all samples analyzed. Species-specific analysis indicated the presence of two potentially zoonotic parasites, <em>Strongyloides stercoralis</em> and <em>Trichuris trichiura</em>, in wild animals, indicating the need to intensify one health approach in wild animal parasitic infections. Data from this study suggest that wild animals in addition to being natural hosts, may also serve as reservoirs for numerous parasites of medical and veterinary importance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 101005"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142539162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-16DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.101003
Hanlin Yan , Longwu Wang , Wei Liang
The puncture resistance hypothesis suggests that thick-shelled eggs of parasitic birds can resist puncture-ejection by the host. However, few experiments have yet been conducted to test this hypothesis in terms of natural host behavior (e.g., pecking at foreign eggs). To explore whether the eggshells of common cuckoos (Cuculus canorus) are resistant to puncture-ejection by their common hosts, Oriental reed warblers (Acrocephalus orientalis), we designed experiments to investigate if and how breeding Oriental reed warblers peck at foreign eggs that includes common cuckoo, Oriental reed warbler and budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus) eggs. The results showed that, given the same frequency of egg pecking, the probability of eggshell breakage was 87.5% for eggs of the Oriental reed warbler and 0% for eggs of the common cuckoo, with a significant difference (P = 0.001, Fisher's exact test). Our study shows clearly that common cuckoos' eggshells are less susceptible to puncture-ejection than those of Oriental reed warblers and budgerigars. This indicates that the eggshells of common cuckoos can resist host Oriental reed warblers' puncture-ejection, supporting the puncture resistance hypothesis.
{"title":"Common cuckoo eggs are more resistant to puncture by the host","authors":"Hanlin Yan , Longwu Wang , Wei Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.101003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.101003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The puncture resistance hypothesis suggests that thick-shelled eggs of parasitic birds can resist puncture-ejection by the host. However, few experiments have yet been conducted to test this hypothesis in terms of natural host behavior (e.g., pecking at foreign eggs). To explore whether the eggshells of common cuckoos (<em>Cuculus canorus</em>) are resistant to puncture-ejection by their common hosts, Oriental reed warblers (<em>Acrocephalus orientalis</em>), we designed experiments to investigate if and how breeding Oriental reed warblers peck at foreign eggs that includes common cuckoo, Oriental reed warbler and budgerigar (<em>Melopsittacus undulatus</em>) eggs. The results showed that, given the same frequency of egg pecking, the probability of eggshell breakage was 87.5% for eggs of the Oriental reed warbler and 0% for eggs of the common cuckoo, with a significant difference (<em>P</em> = 0.001, Fisher's exact test). Our study shows clearly that common cuckoos' eggshells are less susceptible to puncture-ejection than those of Oriental reed warblers and budgerigars. This indicates that the eggshells of common cuckoos can resist host Oriental reed warblers' puncture-ejection, supporting the puncture resistance hypothesis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 101003"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142441998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-14DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.101004
Kjersti Selstad Utaaker , Tsegabirhan Kifleyohannes , Bjørnar Ytrehus , Per-Anders Robertsen , Olav Strand , Lucy J. Robertson
Wild and semi-domesticated reindeer graze freely on natural pastures in Norway, often sharing these with domestic sheep and other domestic and wild ruminants. In this study, faecal samples from wild reindeer and domestic sheep were collected from two areas in southern Norway and analysed to assess the occurrence and assemblage of Giardia duodenalis. Among 162 wild reindeer samples, 25 (15%) were positive for Giardia, showing high infection intensities, with most of the samples belonging to sub-assemblage AI, which has zoonotic potential. Interestingly, this study did not detect subassemblage AIII, known to be found in wild ruminants. Among 45 sheep samples, 13 (29%) were Giardia-positive, with most belonging to assemblage E.
The finding of predominantly assemblage AI in the reindeer was surprising, particularly given the large proportion of sheep shedding assemblage E Giardia cysts. As the number of sheep on these natural pastures far outnumbers the wild reindeer, it is intriguing that they do not seem to share Giardia assemblages.
野生和半驯化驯鹿在挪威的天然牧场上自由吃草，经常与家养绵羊及其他家养和野生反刍动物共用牧场。这项研究从挪威南部的两个地区采集了野生驯鹿和家养绵羊的粪便样本，并对其进行了分析，以评估贾第虫的发生和聚集情况。在 162 份野生驯鹿样本中，有 25 份（15%）对贾第鞭毛虫呈阳性反应，显示出较高的感染强度，其中大部分样本属于 AI 亚群，具有人畜共患病的可能性。有趣的是，这项研究没有检测到已知存在于野生反刍动物中的 AIII 亚种。在 45 份羊样本中，有 13 份（29%）贾第鞭毛虫阳性，其中大部分属于 E 组合。由于这些天然牧场上的绵羊数量远远超过野生驯鹿，因此它们似乎并不共享贾第虫群，这一点很耐人寻味。
{"title":"Giardia duodenalis in sympatric wild reindeer and domestic sheep in Norway","authors":"Kjersti Selstad Utaaker , Tsegabirhan Kifleyohannes , Bjørnar Ytrehus , Per-Anders Robertsen , Olav Strand , Lucy J. Robertson","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.101004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.101004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wild and semi-domesticated reindeer graze freely on natural pastures in Norway, often sharing these with domestic sheep and other domestic and wild ruminants. In this study, faecal samples from wild reindeer and domestic sheep were collected from two areas in southern Norway and analysed to assess the occurrence and assemblage of <em>Giardia duodenalis.</em> Among 162 wild reindeer samples, 25 (15%) were positive for <em>Giardia</em>, showing high infection intensities, with most of the samples belonging to sub-assemblage AI, which has zoonotic potential. Interestingly, this study did not detect subassemblage AIII, known to be found in wild ruminants. Among 45 sheep samples, 13 (29%) were <em>Giardia-</em>positive, with most belonging to assemblage E.</div><div>The finding of predominantly assemblage AI in the reindeer was surprising, particularly given the large proportion of sheep shedding assemblage E <em>Giardia</em> cysts. As the number of sheep on these natural pastures far outnumbers the wild reindeer, it is intriguing that they do not seem to share <em>Giardia</em> assemblages.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 101004"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11513482/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142523655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-12DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.101002
Alice Birckhead , Ryan O'Hare Doig , Ann Carstens , David Jenkins , Shokoofeh Shamsi
Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) is an emerging tool in parasitology that can assist in analysing morphology and host-parasitic interactions. It is a non-destructive, cross-sectional imaging technique that offers good resolution and the ability to create three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions. Here, we used micro-CT to study Linguatula serrata, which is a zoonotic pentastome parasite that infects dogs and ruminants throughout the world. The aims of this study were to describe the internal and external anatomy of adult L. serrata specimens using micro-CT, and to describe and compare specimens stained with 0.3% phosphotungstic acid (PTA) and 1% iodine (I2). Ten adult L.serrata specimens were subjected to micro-CT examination. The specimens were fixed in 70% ethanol and stained with 0.3% PTA or 1% I2. Both stains offered good tissue contrast. The main identifying external features of L. serrata (hooks, mouth, buccal cadre) were clearly visible. Virtual sections and 3D reconstructions provided a good overview of the coelomic cavity, with visualisation of the digestive tract, nervous system, and male and female reproductive organs. These micro-CT images and morphological descriptions may serve as an anatomical reference for L. serrata, in particular, the internal anatomy which has not been described in recent years.
{"title":"Exploring the anatomy of Linguatula serrata using micro-computed tomography","authors":"Alice Birckhead , Ryan O'Hare Doig , Ann Carstens , David Jenkins , Shokoofeh Shamsi","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.101002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.101002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) is an emerging tool in parasitology that can assist in analysing morphology and host-parasitic interactions. It is a non-destructive, cross-sectional imaging technique that offers good resolution and the ability to create three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions. Here, we used micro-CT to study <em>Linguatula serrata</em>, which is a zoonotic pentastome parasite that infects dogs and ruminants throughout the world. The aims of this study were to describe the internal and external anatomy of adult <em>L. serrata</em> specimens using micro-CT, and to describe and compare specimens stained with 0.3% phosphotungstic acid (PTA) and 1% iodine (I<sub>2</sub>). Ten adult <em>L.</em> <em>serrata</em> specimens were subjected to micro-CT examination. The specimens were fixed in 70% ethanol and stained with 0.3% PTA or 1% I<sub>2</sub>. Both stains offered good tissue contrast. The main identifying external features of <em>L. serrata</em> (hooks, mouth, buccal cadre) were clearly visible. Virtual sections and 3D reconstructions provided a good overview of the coelomic cavity, with visualisation of the digestive tract, nervous system, and male and female reproductive organs. These micro-CT images and morphological descriptions may serve as an anatomical reference for <em>L. serrata</em>, in particular, the internal anatomy which has not been described in recent years.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 101002"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142539163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-11DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.101001
Jeremiah Leach , Hannah N. Suber , Regan Rivera , Katelyn A. Conley , Shannon P. Lukashow-Moore , James G. Surles , Ronald J. Kendall
It has been demonstrated that helminths are capable of critically impacting the fitness of their hosts. This has typically been shown experimentally through the administration of anthelmintic drugs but are rarely performed on a landscape or host population scale. Here, the anthelmintic fenbendazole (FBZ) was mixed in a supplemental feed and provided to a free-ranging population of Northern bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus). Abundances of Northern bobwhite and two nematode parasites commonly found infecting Northern bobwhite were monitored and compared to a neighboring untreated population. The Northern bobwhite population receiving the medicated feed grew substantially from 2019 to 2022, while the neighboring site had no change in abundance. The treated population was also substantially greater than the untreated population in 2021 and 2022. Additionally, the treated Northern bobwhite population had substantially lower abundances of the two nematodes. This research provides evidence of the ability of helminth populations to have a negative impact on Northern bobwhite populations and presents a method for reducing helminth abundance in those populations on a landscape scale.
{"title":"Response of Northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) and two parasitic nematode populations in western Oklahoma to anthelmintic supplemental feed","authors":"Jeremiah Leach , Hannah N. Suber , Regan Rivera , Katelyn A. Conley , Shannon P. Lukashow-Moore , James G. Surles , Ronald J. Kendall","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.101001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.101001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>It has been demonstrated that helminths are capable of critically impacting the fitness of their hosts. This has typically been shown experimentally through the administration of anthelmintic drugs but are rarely performed on a landscape or host population scale. Here, the anthelmintic fenbendazole (FBZ) was mixed in a supplemental feed and provided to a free-ranging population of Northern bobwhite quail (<em>Colinus virginianus</em>). Abundances of Northern bobwhite and two nematode parasites commonly found infecting Northern bobwhite were monitored and compared to a neighboring untreated population. The Northern bobwhite population receiving the medicated feed grew substantially from 2019 to 2022, while the neighboring site had no change in abundance. The treated population was also substantially greater than the untreated population in 2021 and 2022. Additionally, the treated Northern bobwhite population had substantially lower abundances of the two nematodes. This research provides evidence of the ability of helminth populations to have a negative impact on Northern bobwhite populations and presents a method for reducing helminth abundance in those populations on a landscape scale.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 101001"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142442022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-04DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.101000
Catherine Brisson-Bonenfant , Yves Paradis , David J. Marcogliese , Guillaume Côté , Sarah Aubé , Simon Bernatchez , Philippe Brodeur
Anisakid nematodes were observed in freshwater and anadromous fishes in the St. Lawrence River, Québec, Canada. Fish were caught at different locations across a 250 km gradient in the St. Lawrence ecosystem covering freshwater and estuarine habitats. Depending on the sampling sites, nematode prevalence ranged from 30% to 58% for sauger (Sander canadensis) and was 43% for Atlantic tomcod (Microgadus tomcod). For walleye (Sander vitreus), parasites were found only in a fluvial Lake (Lake Saint-Pierre) of the St. Lawrence River, with a prevalence of 23%. In all sampling sites, mean abundance of nematodes in the flesh was higher in sauger than in walleye. Presence of nematodes was significantly correlated with fish total length for walleye, sauger and Atlantic tomcod. Sealworm, Phocanema decipiens s.s., and whaleworm, Anisakis simplex s.s., were found and identified by molecular analysis in sauger and walleye in a fluvial lake (Lake Saint-Pierre), the fluvial estuary and the upper estuary of the St. Lawrence River, while Atlantic tomcod were found infected in a freshwater river tributary (Sainte-Anne River) during spawning.This is the first record of Ph. decipiens s.s. in a non-anadromous freshwater fish. The presence of sealworm and whaleworm in walleye and sauger is attributed to their forays into the brackish waters of the fluvial estuary and suggest large scale migrations between the brackish and the fresh waters of the St. Lawrence River.
{"title":"Anisakid nematode larvae in freshwater fishes in the St. Lawrence River (Québec, Canada)","authors":"Catherine Brisson-Bonenfant , Yves Paradis , David J. Marcogliese , Guillaume Côté , Sarah Aubé , Simon Bernatchez , Philippe Brodeur","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.101000","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.101000","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Anisakid nematodes were observed in freshwater and anadromous fishes in the St. Lawrence River, Québec, Canada. Fish were caught at different locations across a 250 km gradient in the St. Lawrence ecosystem covering freshwater and estuarine habitats. Depending on the sampling sites, nematode prevalence ranged from 30% to 58% for sauger (<em>Sander canadensis</em>) and was 43% for Atlantic tomcod (<em>Microgadus tomcod</em>). For walleye (<em>Sander vitreus</em>), parasites were found only in a fluvial Lake (Lake Saint-Pierre) of the St. Lawrence River, with a prevalence of 23%. In all sampling sites, mean abundance of nematodes in the flesh was higher in sauger than in walleye. Presence of nematodes was significantly correlated with fish total length for walleye, sauger and Atlantic tomcod. Sealworm, <em>Phocanema decipiens</em> s.s., and whaleworm, <em>Anisakis simplex</em> s.s., were found and identified by molecular analysis in sauger and walleye in a fluvial lake (Lake Saint-Pierre), the fluvial estuary and the upper estuary of the St. Lawrence River, while Atlantic tomcod were found infected in a freshwater river tributary (Sainte-Anne River) during spawning.This is the first record of <em>Ph. decipiens s.s.</em> in a non-anadromous freshwater fish. The presence of sealworm and whaleworm in walleye and sauger is attributed to their forays into the brackish waters of the fluvial estuary and suggest large scale migrations between the brackish and the fresh waters of the St. Lawrence River.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 101000"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142423701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-28DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100999
Ellyssia T. Young , Jessica McKelson , Daniel Kalstrom , Lachlan Sipthorp , Leanne Wicker , Damien Higgins , Caroline Marschner , David S. Nichols , David Phalen , Aaron C. Greenville , Scott Carver
Sarcoptic mange (etiological agent Sarcoptes scabiei) is among the most important parasitic diseases of some marsupial species and has been an emerging disease of koalas, causing welfare and conservation implications. Fluralaner (Bravecto® MSD Animal Health), an ectoparasiticide of the isoxazoline class, has been demonstrated as a long-lasting and efficacious chemotherapeutic agent against sarcoptic mange in multiple mammal species and may also be beneficial for impacted koalas. Here, we evaluated the pharmacokinetics and clinical safety of fluralaner in koalas. Healthy captive individuals were treated topically with 85 mg/kg fluralaner administered to the interscapular epidermis. Following treatment, fluralaner was detected in plasma using ultra-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass-spectrometry over a 12-week period. The mean maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) was 66.4 ng/mL; mean time was Cmax of 2.71 days; plasma elimination half-life (T1/2) was 30.91 days; and mean residence time (MRT) was 27.38 days. Haematological, blood biochemical, animal husbandry and clinical observations, over the same time period, demonstrated fluralaner was well tolerated. Overall, this research suggests fluralaner is a safe and long-lasting chemotherapeutic agent that may be efficacious against S. scabiei in koalas. Further research focussed on quantifying efficacy in captive and field settings, and across a range of disease severities would be valuable.
{"title":"Pharmacokinetics and safety of topical fluralaner in koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus)","authors":"Ellyssia T. Young , Jessica McKelson , Daniel Kalstrom , Lachlan Sipthorp , Leanne Wicker , Damien Higgins , Caroline Marschner , David S. Nichols , David Phalen , Aaron C. Greenville , Scott Carver","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100999","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100999","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sarcoptic mange (etiological agent <em>Sarcoptes scabiei</em>) is among the most important parasitic diseases of some marsupial species and has been an emerging disease of koalas, causing welfare and conservation implications. Fluralaner (Bravecto® MSD Animal Health), an ectoparasiticide of the isoxazoline class, has been demonstrated as a long-lasting and efficacious chemotherapeutic agent against sarcoptic mange in multiple mammal species and may also be beneficial for impacted koalas. Here, we evaluated the pharmacokinetics and clinical safety of fluralaner in koalas. Healthy captive individuals were treated topically with 85 mg/kg fluralaner administered to the interscapular epidermis. Following treatment, fluralaner was detected in plasma using ultra-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass-spectrometry over a 12-week period. The mean maximum plasma concentration (C<sub>max</sub>) was 66.4 ng/mL; mean time was C<sub>max</sub> of 2.71 days; plasma elimination half-life (T<sub>1/2</sub>) was 30.91 days; and mean residence time (MRT) was 27.38 days. Haematological, blood biochemical, animal husbandry and clinical observations, over the same time period, demonstrated fluralaner was well tolerated. Overall, this research suggests fluralaner is a safe and long-lasting chemotherapeutic agent that may be efficacious against <em>S. scabiei</em> in koalas. Further research focussed on quantifying efficacy in captive and field settings, and across a range of disease severities would be valuable.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100999"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142423702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-21DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100993
Haiwen Yan , Fan Bu , Xinyu Wu , Haoting Zhang , Shanshan Sun , Wenke Bai , Xiaodong Wu , Shuai Yuan , Heping Fu
Fleas frequently parasitize rodents and serve as major vectors for many zoonotic diseases. The Alxa Desert in Inner Mongolia, China, is a typical arid region in Asia, which is suitable for the coexistence of a variety of rodents in this environment. Understanding the host selection of fleas among these rodents and the factors influencing this selection is crucial for comprehending rodent-borne diseases and the vector roles of fleas. This study utilized live-trap methods to capture rodents coexisting in the Alxa Desert from April to October 2022. Body surface fleas were collected and analyzed for abundance across different hosts, sexes, and reproductive statuses. The results indicated that: (1) there were significant differences in the species and abundance of parasitic fleas on different rodent species, with Ophthalmopsylla kiritschenkoi and Mesopsylla hebes preferring the Dipus sagitta and Orientallactaga sibirica as their hosts, and Xenopsylla conformis preferring Meriones meridianus as its host. (2) Fleas exhibited sex-preferential host selection, showing a greater preference for male hosts. (3) Among rodents of different reproductive states, most fleas prefer to parasitize individuals in non-reproductive periods. (4) The mean abundance of fleas varied significantly between seasons (P < 0.05), with spring and autumn being the peak periods for flea parasitism. (5) Factors influencing the mean abundance of fleas included host species, sex, reproductive status, and season, with host species having the greatest impact.
{"title":"Host selection and influencing factors of parasitic fleas on the body surface of desert rodents, Inner Mongolia, China","authors":"Haiwen Yan , Fan Bu , Xinyu Wu , Haoting Zhang , Shanshan Sun , Wenke Bai , Xiaodong Wu , Shuai Yuan , Heping Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100993","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100993","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fleas frequently parasitize rodents and serve as major vectors for many zoonotic diseases. The Alxa Desert in Inner Mongolia, China, is a typical arid region in Asia, which is suitable for the coexistence of a variety of rodents in this environment. Understanding the host selection of fleas among these rodents and the factors influencing this selection is crucial for comprehending rodent-borne diseases and the vector roles of fleas. This study utilized live-trap methods to capture rodents coexisting in the Alxa Desert from April to October 2022. Body surface fleas were collected and analyzed for abundance across different hosts, sexes, and reproductive statuses. The results indicated that: (1) there were significant differences in the species and abundance of parasitic fleas on different rodent species, with <em>Ophthalmopsylla kiritschenkoi</em> and <em>Mesopsylla hebes</em> preferring the <em>Dipus sagitta</em> and <em>Orientallactaga sibirica</em> as their hosts, and <em>Xenopsylla conformis</em> preferring <em>Meriones meridianus</em> as its host. (2) Fleas exhibited sex-preferential host selection, showing a greater preference for male hosts. (3) Among rodents of different reproductive states, most fleas prefer to parasitize individuals in non-reproductive periods. (4) The mean abundance of fleas varied significantly between seasons (<em>P</em> < 0.05), with spring and autumn being the peak periods for flea parasitism. (5) Factors influencing the mean abundance of fleas included host species, sex, reproductive status, and season, with host species having the greatest impact.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100993"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213224424000890/pdfft?md5=1461dd19887e0733e8ac77533a15911e&pid=1-s2.0-S2213224424000890-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142314796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-21DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100997
Robin Stutz , Dorian D. Dörge , Anna V. Schantz , Norbert Peter , Sven Klimpel
Members of the Ascarididae family are common zoonotic pathogens in humans and play an economic role in domestic and livestock animal husbandry. This family includes the obligatorily parasitic nematodes of the genus Baylisascaris, with the raccoon roundworm Baylisascaris procyonis being the most well-known representative. B. procyonis uses the raccoon (Procyon lotor) as its primary host and can utilise a broad range of mammals as paratenic hosts. Sexual reproduction of the adult nematodes occurs in the small intestine. Eggs are excreted into the environment through feces, where they develop into the infectious stage under suitable conditions within a few days to weeks. Infection of primary and paratenic hosts occurs through the oral ingestion of these infectious eggs. Raccoons can also become infected by ingesting infected paratenic hosts. Humans serve as accidental hosts and can suffer significant damage to organ tissues, the visual system, and the central nervous system after ingesting infectious eggs. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of ambient temperature on embryonic development and to document the morphological changes during embryogenesis. Live specimens were collected from the raccoon intestine and incubated. Single-celled eggs were collected during this process. The eggs were decorticated and then preserved. To test the effects of ambient temperature, the eggs were incubated at 5 °C, 10 °C, 15 °C, 20 °C, 25 °C, 30 °C, 35 °C, and 38 °C and monitored at 24-h intervals for their developmental stages. Detailed photographic documentation of the developmental stages was conducted. An increase in ambient temperature led to a reduction in development time. The temperature range within which embryogenesis proceeded to the L1 larval stage was between 10 °C and 30 °C. Incubation at 5 °C did not produce L1 larvae even after 11 months. Incubation at 35 °C and 38 °C resulted in the complete degeneration of the eggs before reaching the L1 larval stage.
{"title":"Environmental modulators on the development of the raccoon roundworm (Baylisascaris procyonis): Effects of temperature on the embryogenesis","authors":"Robin Stutz , Dorian D. Dörge , Anna V. Schantz , Norbert Peter , Sven Klimpel","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100997","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100997","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Members of the Ascarididae family are common zoonotic pathogens in humans and play an economic role in domestic and livestock animal husbandry. This family includes the obligatorily parasitic nematodes of the genus <em>Baylisascaris</em>, with the raccoon roundworm <em>Baylisascaris procyonis</em> being the most well-known representative. <em>B. procyonis</em> uses the raccoon (<em>Procyon lotor</em>) as its primary host and can utilise a broad range of mammals as paratenic hosts. Sexual reproduction of the adult nematodes occurs in the small intestine. Eggs are excreted into the environment through feces, where they develop into the infectious stage under suitable conditions within a few days to weeks. Infection of primary and paratenic hosts occurs through the oral ingestion of these infectious eggs. Raccoons can also become infected by ingesting infected paratenic hosts. Humans serve as accidental hosts and can suffer significant damage to organ tissues, the visual system, and the central nervous system after ingesting infectious eggs. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of ambient temperature on embryonic development and to document the morphological changes during embryogenesis. Live specimens were collected from the raccoon intestine and incubated. Single-celled eggs were collected during this process. The eggs were decorticated and then preserved. To test the effects of ambient temperature, the eggs were incubated at 5 °C, 10 °C, 15 °C, 20 °C, 25 °C, 30 °C, 35 °C, and 38 °C and monitored at 24-h intervals for their developmental stages. Detailed photographic documentation of the developmental stages was conducted. An increase in ambient temperature led to a reduction in development time. The temperature range within which embryogenesis proceeded to the L1 larval stage was between 10 °C and 30 °C. Incubation at 5 °C did not produce L1 larvae even after 11 months. Incubation at 35 °C and 38 °C resulted in the complete degeneration of the eggs before reaching the L1 larval stage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100997"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213224424000932/pdfft?md5=66214fe62c87081c40bd5555591c3874&pid=1-s2.0-S2213224424000932-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142310957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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