International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife最新文献_第10页

Chasing intermediate hosts of Echinococcus multilocularis at the southern edge of its European distribution using red fox stomach content analysis 利用红狐胃内容物分析追踪多房棘球蚴在其欧洲分布南缘的中间宿主

IF 2 3区医学 Q3 ECOLOGY

International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife

Pub Date : 2025-06-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2025.101095

Cafiero Salvatore Andrea , Cenni Lucia , Rossi Chiara , Pascoe Emily Louise , Obber Federica , Da Rold Graziana , Citterio Carlo Vittorio , Casulli Adriano , Hauffe Heidi Christine , Massolo Alessandro

Echinococcus multilocularis (Em) is a Taeniidae cestode circulating among canids (definitive hosts) and among voles (intermediate hosts). Humans can develop alveolar echinococcosis (AE) following egg ingestion. In Italy, Em is present in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) from the Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol Region, with reports in canids from Liguria (wolf, Canis lupus, and domestic dog, Canis lupus familiaris) and Tuscany (wolf and red fox) Regions. The first autochthonous case of human AE was recently confirmed in the Province of Bolzano. Despite its relevance, the intermediate hosts maintaining the Em life cycle in this area have never been identified.

This study aimed to fill this knowledge gap by collecting ingested rodents from the stomachs of 148 legally culled or found dead foxes across the Province of Bolzano. For 142 prey items, species was ascertained from tissue DNA using a PCR of a 350 bp fragment of cytb mitochondrial gene. Positivity to Em was investigated by RT-PCR and conventional PCR on organ tissues from 97 rodents targeting a 69 bp fragment of cob and a 126 bp fragment of nad2 mitochondrial genes, respectively.

Microtus arvalis was the most common prey rodent in terms of both frequency in foxes (20.8 %; 30/144) and total rodent prey items (81.7 %; 116/142). Other prey species included nine Arvicola amphibius, five Microtus lavernedii, two M. subterraneus, one M. liechtensteini, six Clethrionomys glareolus, one Apodemus flavicollis and two Ap. sylvaticus. Only 3/97 rodents were Em-positive (M. arvalis; 3/85) in two Em-positive red foxes. Prevalence in M. arvalis was estimated at 0.035 (95 % CI: 0.008–0.103). Further research is required to explain why Em distribution is limited to this area in the eastern Italian Alps despite the spatial contiguity to hyperendemic foci.

多房棘球绦虫（Em）是一种带状绦虫，在犬科动物（最终宿主）和田鼠（中间宿主）之间传播。人类在食用鸡蛋后可发生肺泡包虫病（AE）。在意大利，Em存在于Trentino-Alto Adige/ s dtirol地区的红狐（Vulpes Vulpes）中，在利古里亚（狼，Canis lupus和家犬，Canis lupus familiaris）和托斯卡纳（狼和红狐）地区的犬科动物中有报告。最近在博尔扎诺省确认了首例人AE本地病例。尽管其相关性，但维持该地区Em生命周期的中间宿主从未被确定。本研究旨在通过从博尔扎诺省148只合法捕杀或发现的死狐狸的胃中收集摄入的啮齿动物来填补这一知识空白。利用350 bp的线粒体基因片段，从组织DNA中确定了142个猎物的种类。采用RT-PCR和常规PCR对97只啮齿动物的器官组织进行了Em阳性检测，分别针对cob的69 bp片段和nad2线粒体基因的126 bp片段。小仓鼠是狐狸中最常见的猎物(20.8%；30/144)，总捕鼠项目占81.7%；116/142)。其他被捕食种类包括：水陆小仓鼠9种、小仓鼠5种、地下仓鼠2种、列支敦士登仓鼠1种、大仓鼠6种、黄仓鼠1种、森林仓鼠2种。仅3/97鼠为emm阳性；3/85)。估计阿瓦利支原体患病率为0.035 （95% CI: 0.008-0.103）。需要进一步的研究来解释为什么Em分布仅限于意大利阿尔卑斯山脉东部的这一地区，尽管该地区与高地方性疫源地在空间上是邻近的。

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引用次数: 0

Different age, different blood parasites - Acrocephalus species and their haemosporidian parasites during autumn migration in Central Europe 不同的年龄，不同的血寄生虫——中欧秋季迁徙中的顶头虫及其血孢子虫

IF 2 3区医学 Q3 ECOLOGY

International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2025.101085

Nóra Ágh , Szilvia Pásztory-Kovács , Viola Prohászka , Tibor Csörgő , Eszter Szöllősi

In migratory passerines, the timing of the different phases of the migratory journey is of great importance for the survival prospect of the individuals. Haemosporidian infections could weaken the immune system, decelerate the ability of fat accumulation and potentially influence the migratory behaviour. As a large number of blood parasites is host-generalist there is a potential for cross-species and cross-population transmission with different parasite species during the migratory route of the passerines. In addition, resident birds also interact with different parasite fauna when migratory birds arrive back from their migratory route, therefore, it is important to study what kind of blood parasites migratory birds carry.

We screened three long-distant migratory Acrocephalus species during autumn migration in two years. We found that in reed and sedge warblers the overall prevalence of blood parasites was significantly higher in adults than in juveniles, and the prevalence of Haemoproteus infections was higher than that of the Plasmodium in adults. In contrast, Plasmodium infections dominated in juveniles in all the three species. The odds of catching infected juvenile individuals increased during the autumn migration, but infections had no significant effect on the actual body mass of the birds. These results could imply age-related differences in the probability of getting infected with different blood parasite genera. Sampling during migration and exploring the potential differences in parasite species composition and their effects on the migratory behaviour in different age groups can provide valuable insight in answering these questions.

在迁徙的雀形目动物中，不同迁徙阶段的时间对个体的生存前景至关重要。血孢子虫感染可以削弱免疫系统，减缓脂肪积累的能力，并可能影响迁移行为。由于大量血寄生虫具有寄主通用性，因此在雀形目动物的迁徙路线中，存在与不同寄主物种跨种、跨种群传播的可能性。此外，当候鸟从迁徙路线返回时，留鸟还与不同的寄生动物群相互作用，因此研究候鸟携带了何种血寄生虫具有重要意义。在两年的秋季迁徙中，我们筛选了三种远距离迁徙的头甲动物。结果表明，芦苇和莎草莺血寄生虫的总体流行率在成虫中明显高于幼虫，且嗜血杆菌感染的流行率高于疟原虫。相比之下，在所有三个物种的幼体中，疟原虫感染占主导地位。在秋季迁徙期间，捕获受感染的幼鸟的几率增加了，但感染对鸟类的实际体重没有显著影响。这些结果可能意味着感染不同血液寄生虫属的可能性存在与年龄相关的差异。在迁徙过程中进行采样，探索不同年龄段寄生虫物种组成的潜在差异及其对迁徙行为的影响，可以为回答这些问题提供有价值的见解。

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引用次数: 0

First report of flesh-fly (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) myiasis in little-devil poison frog (Anura: Dendrobatidae) from Ecuador 厄瓜多尔小魔鬼毒蛙肉蝇病（双翅目：麻蝇科）首次报道

IF 2 3区医学 Q3 ECOLOGY

International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife

Pub Date : 2025-05-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2025.101093

Michelle Vélez , Mark-Oliver Rödel , Vladimir Carvajal , David A. Donoso , Mónica A. Guerra

We report a case of myiasis in the poison frog Oophaga sylvatica from the Canandé Reserve located in the Chocó region of northwestern Ecuador. We identified the causal agents as larvae of flesh flies, Sarcophagidae, by means of DNA barcoding and morphological features. This represents the first record of myiasis in an anuran in Ecuador and the second record for Dendrobatidae in the Neotropics. This observation may constitute a case of facultative parasitism where larvae are deposited in the frog's wounds, but further research is needed to understand the biological mechanisms underlying this interaction.

我们报告一例蝇蛆病在毒蛙Oophaga sylvatica从canand保护区位于Chocó地区的西北部厄瓜多尔。通过DNA条形码和形态特征鉴定病原为肉蝇科蝇幼虫。这是厄瓜多尔一种昆虫中蝇蛆病的第一次记录，也是新热带地区石虫科的第二次记录。这一观察结果可能构成兼性寄生的一个案例，幼虫沉积在青蛙的伤口中，但需要进一步的研究来了解这种相互作用的生物学机制。

引用次数: 0

Parasite diversity in grey wolves (Canis lupus) from Tuscany, central Italy: a copromicroscopical investigation 来自意大利中部托斯卡纳的灰狼（Canis lupus）寄生虫多样性：一项共生显微镜调查

IF 2 3区医学 Q3 ECOLOGY

International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife

Pub Date : 2025-05-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2025.101092

Salvatore Andrea Cafiero , Luca Petroni , Luca Natucci , Luigi Casale , Marta Raffaelli , Debora Baldacci , Alessia Di Rosso , Chiara Rossi , Adriano Casulli , Alessandro Massolo , Heidi Christine Hauffe , Stefania Perrucci

Parasite monitoring is considered an important issue for wildlife conservation as well as for veterinary and public health. In Italy, data on endoparasites of the grey wolf (Canis lupus) are still limited. A copro-microscopical study was performed to investigate endoparasites of grey wolf communities in three Apennine natural reserves and a hilly area in northern Tuscany, central Italy. A total of 66 fresh faecal samples were collected and examined using the Mini-FLOTAC technique with a high-density flotation solution. Apparent prevalence and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) were estimated for each parasite taxon, while true parasite prevalence rates were assessed for individual wolves identified after molecular analyses in one of the three natural areas (Apuan Alps Regional Park, AARP). Overall, a high prevalence of endoparasites was estimated (92.4 %, 95 % CI 83.2–97.5), and most samples were found positive for respiratory capillariids (81.8 %), i.e., Eucoleus boehmi (66.7 %) and Eucoleus aerophilus (31.8 %), Sarcocystis spp. (36.4 %) and hookworms (21.2 %). Physaloptera spp. (7.6 %), Toxocara canis (1.5 %), Spirocerca lupi (1.5 %) Crenosoma vulpis (1.5 %), Angiostrongylus vasorum (1.5 %), Opistorchis felineus (3 %), Alaria alata (1.5 %), Taeniids (12.1 %), and Cystoisospora spp. (6.1 %) were also identified. Dicrocoelium dendriticum eggs and Demodex spp. mites were detected in few samples. No significant differences emerged between faecal and population prevalence for any of the parasite species identified in AARP. Findings from this study add new information on grey wolf endoparasite infections in Italy and confirm the high prevalence of respiratory capillariids circulating among wild canids in Europe. Our results highlight the important role grey wolves may play in the transmission of these capillariid species between wild and domestic canids as well as of potentially zoonotic parasites in examined areas. Moreover, some endoparasites identified in this study may negatively affect the health of infected wolves.

寄生虫监测被认为是野生动物保护以及兽医和公共卫生的一个重要问题。在意大利，灰狼（Canis lupus）体内寄生虫的数据仍然有限。在意大利中部托斯卡纳北部丘陵地区和亚平宁三个自然保护区对灰狼群落内寄生虫进行了共显微研究。采用高密度浮选溶液的Mini-FLOTAC技术共收集并检查了66份新鲜粪便样本。估算了每个寄生虫分类群的表观患病率和95%置信区间（CI），并评估了在三个自然区域之一（Apuan Alps Regional Park， AARP）进行分子分析后鉴定的狼个体的真实寄生虫患病率。总体而言，估计有较高的内寄生虫患病率（92.4%,95% CI 83.2-97.5），大多数样本被发现呼吸道毛细血管阳性（81.8%），即桉叶桉（66.7%）和嗜气桉（31.8%），肉囊菌（36.4%）和钩虫（21.2%）。此外，还鉴定出了绒翅目（7.6%）、犬弓形虫（1.5%）、狼螺旋体（1.5%）、狐壳虫（1.5%）、血管管圆线虫（1.5%）、狐纹毛线虫（3%）、阿拉瓦虫（1.5%）、带绦虫（12.1%）和囊异孢子虫（6.1%）。少量样品检出树状双星虫卵和蠕形螨。在AARP发现的任何一种寄生虫的粪便和种群患病率之间没有显著差异。本研究的发现为意大利灰狼体内寄生虫感染提供了新的信息，并证实了欧洲野生犬科动物中呼吸道毛细血管的高流行率。我们的研究结果强调了灰狼在野生和家养犬科动物之间以及潜在的人畜共患寄生虫之间传播这些毛细血管物种方面可能发挥的重要作用。此外，本研究中发现的一些内寄生虫可能会对感染狼的健康产生负面影响。

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引用次数: 0

Leishmania infantum and other zoonotic pathogens associated with captive lemurs (Lemur catta) in southern Italy 意大利南部与圈养狐猴（狐猴）有关的幼利什曼原虫和其他人畜共患病原体

IF 2 3区医学 Q3 ECOLOGY

International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife

Pub Date : 2025-05-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2025.101094

Renata Fagundes-Moreira , Jairo Alfonso Mendoza-Roldan , Marcos Antonio Bezerra-Santos , Pietro Laricchiuta , Matteo Legrottaglie , Lucas Cafferati Beltrame , Nikola Pantchev , Julia Walochnik , Domenico Otranto

Safari-style zoological collections, particularly walk-in enclosures, offer visitors the unique experience of a close interaction with wildlife. However, these interactions can increase the risk of exposure to zoonotic infectious agents. In this study, we assessed the occurrence of zoonotic pathogens in ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta), as well as the presence of Leishmania spp. in phlebotomine sand flies collected in the same zoological park (Fasano, southern Italy). Blood (n = 30), feces (n = 29), and sand flies were collected and analyzed using molecular and serological techniques. In addition, copro-parasitological analysis was performed on fecal samples. Two lemurs tested seropositive for L. infantum using SNAP® Leish 4Dx® (n = 2/30 [6.67 %; 95 % CI: 1.85–21.34]), with one also confirmed positive by qPCR. Sand flies were morphologically identified as Phlebotomus perniciosus (n = 71) and Sergentomyia minuta (n = 1), with one P. perniciosus female positive for L. infantum by qPCR. Fecal samples scored positive at molecular analysis for Giardia duodenalis (assemblage B, sub-assemblage BIV) (n = 13/29 [44.83 %; 95 % CI: 27.63–63.09]; n = 2/29 [6.90 %; 95 % CI: 1.91–22.57]), respectively), Blastocystis sp. (subtype 8) (n = 2/29 [6.90 %; 95 % CI: 1.91–22.57]), and Entamoeba coli (n = 8/29 [27.59 %; 95 % CI: 14.59–45.96]). The detection of L. infantum in lemurs and P. perniciosus suggests that in areas where L. infantum is endemic this animal species may be infected, also demonstrating that SNAP® Leish 4Dx® is effective for screening L. infantum in zoological settings. The identification of G. duodenalis (assemblage BIV), and Blastocystis sp. (ST8) raises concerns about contamination in enclosures, water, and food sources, overall highlighting the importance of sanitary protocols to avoid the risk of infection among animals, zookeepers and visitors.

游猎式的动物收藏，尤其是步入式的围栏，为游客提供了与野生动物亲密互动的独特体验。然而，这些相互作用可增加暴露于人畜共患感染原的风险。在这项研究中，我们评估了环尾狐猴（Lemur catta）中人畜共患病原体的发生情况，以及在同一动物园（意大利南部Fasano）采集的白蛉中利什曼原虫的存在。采集血液（30例）、粪便（29例）和沙蝇，采用分子和血清学技术进行分析。此外，还对粪便样本进行了共寄生虫学分析。用SNAP®Leish 4Dx®检测2只狐猴婴儿乳杆菌血清阳性(n = 2/30 [6.67%；95% CI: 1.85 ~ 21.34])，其中1例qPCR阳性。经形态学鉴定为白蛉71只和细纹蛇蛉1只，其中1只母白蛉qPCR检测为婴儿乳杆菌阳性。粪便样本十二指肠贾第虫（组合B，亚组合BIV）分子分析阳性(n = 13/29 [44.83%；95% ci: 27.63-63.09]；N = 2/29 [6.90%；95% CI: 1.91-22.57]), Blastocystis sp.（8亚型）（n = 2/29） [6.90%；95% CI: 1.91 ~ 22.57])，大肠内阿米巴（n = 8/29） [27.59%；95% ci: 14.59-45.96])。狐猴和perniciosus中婴儿乳杆菌的检测表明，在婴儿乳杆菌流行的地区，该动物物种可能被感染，也表明SNAP®Leish 4Dx®在动物环境中筛查婴儿乳杆菌是有效的。十二指肠G.（组合BIV）和囊虫sp. （ST8）的鉴定引起了人们对围栏、水和食物来源污染的关注，总体上强调了卫生规程的重要性，以避免动物、动物园管理员和游客之间的感染风险。

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引用次数: 0

Nemabiome sequencing reveals seasonal and age associated patterns of strongyle infection and high prevalence of Strongylus vulgaris in Alberta feral horses Nemabiome测序揭示了季节性和年龄相关的圆形线虫感染模式和阿尔伯塔省野马中普通圆形线虫的高流行率

IF 2 3区医学 Q3 ECOLOGY

International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife

Pub Date : 2025-05-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2025.101091

Grace Onyeche Ochigbo , Sangwook Ahn , Kobe Albert Belhumeur , Jocelyn Poissant , Brielle Vastola Rosa

Unmanaged feral horses, naïve to dewormers, offer a unique opportunity to study natural communities of equine parasites. These communities may include parasites that are rare in managed populations, and these may be transmitted to domestic horses in areas where there is contact between feral and domestic equine populations. There have been only a few studies of gastrointestinal parasite populations in horses, and very few from North American equine populations. This study aimed to gain insights into parasite biology through identification of the strongyle parasite species infecting feral horses in Alberta, Canada, and to test for species-specific infection patterns across season and horse age. Fecal samples (N = 149) were collected from unique individuals in the Sundre Equine Management Zone (EMZ), Alberta, across two years: 2021 (N = 62) and 2022 (N = 87). In 2021, samples were collected in summer (N = 31; 8 foals, 5 subadults, 18 adults) and fall (N = 31; 5 foals, 1 subadult, 25 adults). In 2022, samples were collected in spring (N = 36; 4 subadults, 32 adults), summer (N = 41; 4 foals, 8 subadults, 29 adults), and fall (N = 20; 1 foal, 2 subadults, 17 adults). Fecal egg counts showed that these horses shed high numbers of strongyle eggs relative to domestic horse populations (mean = 1337.01 ± 961.81 epg), and nemabiome analyses identified a total of 34 strongyle species. Species richness and aggregate strongyle FECs were highest in subadults and during the summer, while lowest in foals and during the fall. There was a high prevalence of large strongyle species, especially Strongylus vulgaris (85.91 %), with strongyle species-specific prevalence and FECs strongly associated with age and season. Understanding the factors driving species-specific parasite infection provides important information on strongyle parasite ecology and may aid the development of targeted parasite control strategies.

对驱虫者来说，未经管理的野马（naïve）为研究马寄生虫的自然群落提供了一个独特的机会。这些群落可能包括在管理种群中罕见的寄生虫，这些寄生虫可能在野生和家养马种群之间有接触的地区传播给家养马。关于马的胃肠道寄生虫种群的研究很少，而且很少有来自北美马种群的研究。本研究旨在通过鉴定感染加拿大阿尔伯塔省野马的圆形寄生虫物种来深入了解寄生虫生物学，并测试不同季节和马龄的物种特异性感染模式。从阿尔伯塔省圣德雷马管理区（EMZ）的独特个体中收集粪便样本（N = 149），时间为2021年（N = 62）和2022年（N = 87）。2021年夏季采集样本(N = 31；8匹马驹，5匹亚成年马，18匹成年马)和坠落(N = 31；5个小马驹，1个亚成年，25个成年)。2022年春季采集样本(N = 36；亚成虫4只，成虫32只)，夏季(N = 41；4头小马驹，8头亚成年马驹，29头成年马驹)和坠落(N = 20；1个小马驹，2个亚成年，17个成年)。粪卵计数显示，这些马的圆形卵数量高于家养马（平均= 1337.01±961.81 epg），线虫组学分析共鉴定出34种圆形卵。物种丰富度和总圆形fes在亚成虫和夏季最高，而在马驹和秋季最低。大型圆线虫的流行率较高，尤以普通圆线虫（85.91%）居多，圆线虫特有的流行率和FECs与年龄和季节密切相关。了解驱动物种特异性寄生虫感染的因素提供了关于圆形寄生虫生态学的重要信息，并可能有助于制定有针对性的寄生虫控制策略。

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引用次数: 0

Molecular detection of Leishmania and other vector-borne agents in free-ranging and captive herpetofauna from Costa Rica 哥斯达黎加自由放养和圈养疱疹动物中利什曼原虫和其他媒介传播媒介的分子检测

IF 2 3区医学 Q3 ECOLOGY

International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife

Pub Date : 2025-05-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2025.101090

Mario H. Alves , Jairo Alfonso Mendoza-Roldan , Paula Alfaro-Segura , Mariaelisa Carbonara , Aarón Gómez , Natalia Montero Leitón , Jazmín Arias Ortega , Alberto Solano-Barquero , Alicia Rojas , Domenico Otranto

Vector-borne pathogens in amphibians and reptiles represent an emerging concern in wildlife, with implications for ecosystem dynamics and potential zoonotic risks. In this study, we screened 108 animals from Costa Rica, including 46 captive snakes, 24 free-ranging reptiles, and 38 free-ranging amphibians, for the presence of Trypanosomatidae, Anaplasmataceae, Borrelia, Rickettsia, and Hepatozoon spp. Blood smear analysis revealed protozoa gametocytes in 3.7 % of the animals sampled, and 11.1 % of amphibians and reptiles were molecular positive for at least one pathogen. Specifically, 7.4 % of the samples tested positive for Leishmania spp., 1.85 % for Trypanosoma spp., 0.9 % for Anaplasma spp., and 1.85 % for Hepatozoon spp. Notably, this study reports the first molecular detection of Leishmania in an amphibian species (Rhinella horribilis) and confirms the presence of mammalian pathogenic Leishmania infantum in captive snakes in Central America. The presence of potential zoonotic agents in both captive and free-ranging herpetofauna underscores the importance of screening wildlife species, including understudied host groups such as amphibians, to better understand their role in disease ecology.

两栖动物和爬行动物中媒介传播的病原体是野生动物中一个新出现的问题，对生态系统动力学和潜在的人畜共患风险具有影响。在这项研究中，我们筛选了来自哥斯达黎加的108只动物，包括46只圈养蛇，24只自由放养的爬行动物和38只自由放养的两栖动物，检测了锥虫科、无形体科、伯氏疏螺旋体、立克次体和肝虫等动物。血液涂片分析显示，3.7%的动物样本中有原生动物配子体，11.1%的两栖动物和爬行动物至少有一种病原体分子阳性。具体来说，7.4%的样本检测利什曼原虫阳性，1.85%的样本检测锥虫阳性，0.9%的样本检测无形体阳性，1.85%的样本检测肝虫阳性。值得注意的是，本研究报告了首次在两栖动物物种（可怕的鼻虫）中检测到利什曼原虫的分子，并证实了中美洲圈养蛇中存在哺乳动物致病性幼利什曼原虫。圈养和自由放养的爬行动物中都存在潜在的人畜共患病原体，这强调了筛选野生动物物种的重要性，包括两栖动物等尚未得到充分研究的寄主群体，以便更好地了解它们在疾病生态学中的作用。

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引用次数: 0

Two-year longitudinal study of Eimeria uekii and Eimeria raichoi oocyst shedding in Japanese rock ptarmigans (Lagopus muta japonica) 日本岩松鸡（Lagopus muta japonica）韦氏艾美耳球虫和雷氏艾美耳球虫卵囊脱落的2年纵向研究

IF 2 3区医学 Q3 ECOLOGY

International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife

Pub Date : 2025-05-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2025.101088

Nami Masakane , Mei Harafuji , Yuki Arakawa , Tatsuhiko Yamakami , Naoya Tamura , Sayaka Tsuchida , Atsushi Kobayashi , Tomoyuki Shibahara , Hiroshi Nakamura , Kazumi Sasai , Kazunari Ushida , Makoto Matsubayashi

The Japanese rock ptarmigan (Lagopus muta japonica) is a cold-adapted bird that inhabits only alpine areas of Japan. The birds have been reported to be highly infected with two Eimeria species; however, these Eimeria species including long-term infection dynamics have not yet been well documented. Since surveys requiring access into the mountain areas of the Japanese Alps are prohibited from November to April (winter), the prevalences of eimerian parasites and details on their transmission routes among the wild birds in the habitat in winter remain unknown. As part of ex situ conservation programs for Japanese rock ptarmigans, two families, including the female parent and chicks, were transported to two zoos for breeding in 2021. To examine fluctuations in the infection status of Eimeria species in Japanese rock ptarmigans, we conducted a 2-year longitudinal study of oocyst shedding. We found that all examined birds were continuously infected with two Eimeria species, although oocysts were sometimes not detected in feces. On average, the oocysts per gram (OPG) values were <100; however, those of female parent birds that successfully laid fertilized eggs and/or cared their chicks increased by more than 100 to 1000 before or when the chicks hatched. Subsequently, all of the chicks became infected with the Eimeria species. The OPG values did not drastically change in the female birds that were not paired for breeding or had laid unfertilized eggs, and in the male birds. Although further studies are needed, our findings indicated that the parasites are transmitted from female parents to chicks after hatching, and that the birds may be continuously infected, showing low OPG levels.

日本岩雷鸟（Lagopus muta japonica）是一种适应寒冷的鸟类，只栖息在日本的高山地区。据报道，这些鸟被两种艾美耳球虫高度感染；然而，这些艾美耳球虫物种包括长期感染动力学尚未得到很好的记录。由于11月至4月（冬季）禁止进入日本阿尔卑斯山区进行调查，因此冬季栖息地野生鸟类中艾美耳虫寄生虫的流行率及其传播途径的细节尚不清楚。作为日本石雷鸟迁地保护计划的一部分，包括母鸟和雏鸟在内的两个家庭于2021年被送往两个动物园进行繁殖。为了研究日本石雷鸟艾美球虫感染状况的波动，我们对卵囊脱落进行了为期2年的纵向研究。我们发现所有被检测的鸟类都持续感染两种艾美耳球虫，尽管有时在粪便中未检测到卵囊。平均每克卵囊数（OPG）为100；然而，成功产下受精卵和/或照顾雏鸟的母鸟在雏鸟孵化前或孵化后的数量增加了100到1000多只。随后，所有雏鸡都感染了艾美耳球虫。在没有配对繁殖或产下未受精卵的雌鸟和雄鸟中，OPG值没有显著变化。虽然需要进一步的研究，但我们的研究结果表明，寄生虫在孵化后由雌鸟传播给雏鸟，并且鸟类可能持续感染，表现出低水平的OPG。

{"title":"Two-year longitudinal study of Eimeria uekii and Eimeria raichoi oocyst shedding in Japanese rock ptarmigans (Lagopus muta japonica)","authors":"Nami Masakane , Mei Harafuji , Yuki Arakawa , Tatsuhiko Yamakami , Naoya Tamura , Sayaka Tsuchida , Atsushi Kobayashi , Tomoyuki Shibahara , Hiroshi Nakamura , Kazumi Sasai , Kazunari Ushida , Makoto Matsubayashi","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2025.101088","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2025.101088","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Japanese rock ptarmigan (Lagopus muta japonica) is a cold-adapted bird that inhabits only alpine areas of Japan. The birds have been reported to be highly infected with two Eimeria species; however, these Eimeria species including long-term infection dynamics have not yet been well documented. Since surveys requiring access into the mountain areas of the Japanese Alps are prohibited from November to April (winter), the prevalences of eimerian parasites and details on their transmission routes among the wild birds in the habitat in winter remain unknown. As part of ex situ conservation programs for Japanese rock ptarmigans, two families, including the female parent and chicks, were transported to two zoos for breeding in 2021. To examine fluctuations in the infection status of Eimeria species in Japanese rock ptarmigans, we conducted a 2-year longitudinal study of oocyst shedding. We found that all examined birds were continuously infected with two Eimeria species, although oocysts were sometimes not detected in feces. On average, the oocysts per gram (OPG) values were <100; however, those of female parent birds that successfully laid fertilized eggs and/or cared their chicks increased by more than 100 to 1000 before or when the chicks hatched. Subsequently, all of the chicks became infected with the Eimeria species. The OPG values did not drastically change in the female birds that were not paired for breeding or had laid unfertilized eggs, and in the male birds. Although further studies are needed, our findings indicated that the parasites are transmitted from female parents to chicks after hatching, and that the birds may be continuously infected, showing low OPG levels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 101088"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144194832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Is Ornithoctona laticornis (Diptera: Hippoboscidae) expanding its range from Africa into Europe? First confirmed record in Romania 黑翅鸟（双翅目：海马科）是否将其活动范围从非洲扩展到欧洲？罗马尼亚首例确诊病例

IF 2 3区医学 Q3 ECOLOGY

International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife

Pub Date : 2025-05-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2025.101089

Jozef Oboňa , Eva Čisovská Bazsalovicsová , Ľudmila Juhásová , Peter Manko , Laura Mlynárová , Alexandru-Mihai Pintilioaie , Laura-Elena Topală , Ivica Králová-Hromadová , Martin Hromada

The bird louse fly Ornithoctona laticornis (Diptera: Hippoboscidae), previously known only from Africa, has recently been recorded in Europe (Hungary) for the first time, raising questions about its potential range expansion. In this study, we document the first record of O. laticornis from the Syrian Woodpecker (Dendrocopos syriacus) in 2022 and another from the Great Spotted Woodpecker (Dendrocopos major) in 2023, both in Romania. Morphological description and molecular analysis of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene confirmed the species identity. The main morphological criteria for the identification of O. laticornis were used in the updated key for the European genera of Hippoboscidae. The recurring presence of O. laticornis in resident European birds suggests either overwintering survival or multiple introductions via migratory hosts. Given the ability of hippoboscid flies to act as vectors of pathogens, this discovery underscores the importance of continued surveillance of avian ectoparasites in Europe. Further studies are needed to assess the distribution of the species, its genetic diversity, host range, and its potential role as a vector.

鸟虱蝇Ornithoctona laticornis（双翅目：海马科），以前只在非洲发现，最近在欧洲（匈牙利）首次被记录到，这引起了对其潜在范围扩大的质疑。在这项研究中，我们记录了2022年来自叙利亚啄木鸟（Dendrocopos syriacus）的第一次记录，以及2023年来自大斑点啄木鸟（Dendrocopos major）的另一次记录，两者都在罗马尼亚。线粒体细胞色素c氧化酶亚基1基因的形态描述和分子分析证实了该物种的身份。在更新的马尾科欧洲属分类表中，采用了主要的形态学鉴定标准。在欧洲候鸟中反复出现的O. laticornis表明要么是越冬生存，要么是通过迁徙宿主多次引入。鉴于马尾蝇作为病原体载体的能力，这一发现强调了在欧洲继续监测禽外寄生虫的重要性。需要进一步的研究来评估该物种的分布、遗传多样性、寄主范围及其作为媒介的潜在作用。

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引用次数: 0

Morphological and phylogenetic comparison of two myxozoan parasites infecting the gills of pikeperch (Sander lucioperca L.): Henneguya gigantea and Henneguya creplini 侵染棘鲈鳃的两种黏液动物寄生虫的形态和系统发育比较：巨棘鲈和克雷普里鲈

IF 2 3区医学 Q3 ECOLOGY

International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife

Pub Date : 2025-05-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2025.101087

Graciela Colunga-Ramírez , Boglárka Sellyei , Kálmán Molnár , Csaba Székely , Gábor Cech

Henneguya gigantea and Henneguya creplini have been reported as spore-forming plasmodia infecting the gills of pikeperch. However, the latter has been documented to have a broader host range. Some remarkable differences have been observed between both Henneguya species: the shape and size of plasmodia and the length of their caudal appendages. To date, no molecular evidence has been provided for H. gigantea; while for H. creplini, the 18S rDNA has been applied for its classification. In this study, we analysed morphological and molecular data to elucidate the relationship of H. gigantea and H. creplini collected from the gills of the pikeperch. Morphologically, H. gigantea resulted in a cluster of plasmodia-forming cyst bodies, while H. creplini have been mostly reported as small plasmodia. The myxospores of the two species were distinguished by the length of their caudal appendages, which were longer in H. gigantea than in H. creplini (77–100 vs 14.4–40.1 μm). The rest of the spore characters are similar in both species. The 18S and 28S rDNA sequences show low sequence distance ≤0.76 % and 0.97 %, respectively. The data presented in this study, in conjunction with those collected from previous literature, suggests that caudal appendages may exhibit phenotypic plasticity within species, which must be considered before including new members of the Henneguya genus. Furthermore, ribosomal DNA sequences serve as an essential tool for referring the taxonomic classification of myxozoans that exhibit phenotypic plasticity. We propose that H. gigantea be reclassified as H. creplini.

据报道，巨型亨尼古雅和克雷普里尼亨尼古雅是感染猪鳃的孢子形成疟原虫。然而，根据文献记载，后者具有更广泛的宿主范围。在两种亨内古雅虫之间观察到一些显著的差异：疟原虫的形状和大小以及尾肢的长度。到目前为止，还没有提供关于H. gigantea的分子证据；而对于H. creplini，则采用18S rDNA进行分类。本研究通过形态学和分子分析资料，阐明了从棘鲈鳃中采集的H. gigantea和H. creplini的亲缘关系。在形态学上，巨芽胞杆菌形成了一簇形成疟原虫的囊体，而克雷普利尼芽胞杆菌则多为小的疟原虫。两种黏液孢子的黏液孢子的尾端附属物长度可以区分为：H. gigantea比H. creplini长（77 ~ 100 μm比14.4 ~ 40.1 μm）。其余孢子性状在两种中相似。18S和28S rDNA序列序列距离较低，分别≤0.76%和0.97%。本研究中提出的数据，结合从以前的文献中收集的数据，表明尾肢可能在物种内表现出表型可塑性，这在包括Henneguya属的新成员之前必须考虑。此外，核糖体DNA序列作为参考黏液动物的分类分类的重要工具，表现出表型可塑性。我们建议将H. gigantea重新分类为H. creplini。

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引用次数: 0