Pub Date : 2024-06-13DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100955
Ellyssia T. Young , David Phalen , Aaron C. Greenville , Kylie Donkers , Scott Carver
Outbreaks of sarcoptic mange are sporadically reported in koala populations across Australia, but disease characteristics (e.g., distribution across the body) remain poorly understood. In an area of Northern Victoria regular cases coming into care suggest mange may have become enzootic, and here we characterise those koala mange admission records. In 18% (n = 10) of mange affected koala reports that had a recorded outcome (n = 55), the animals died before the carers could locate them, and of the remaining 45 koalas that were alive upon carer arrival, 80% (n = 36) had to be euthanised due to severe mange. The number of admissions varied among years (highest observed in 2019), and over 60% of affected koala admissions were male. Male admissions peaked in austral spring and again in late austral summer-autumn (mating and birthing seasons), with female admissions only exhibiting the latter peak (birthing season). Fissures of the epidermis of the front paws occurred in 100% of admitted koalas, with 70% also showing these signs elsewhere on ventral surfaces or limbs. Only male koalas had signs of mange on the chest and face, and only female koalas had signs of mange on their back. Collectively, this study suggests sarcoptic mange can be a severe disease in koalas, and that male koalas may play an important role in seasonal transmission dynamics. We discuss how these findings may help inform intervention strategies.
{"title":"A retrospective epidemiological study of sarcoptic mange in koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) using wildlife carer admission records","authors":"Ellyssia T. Young , David Phalen , Aaron C. Greenville , Kylie Donkers , Scott Carver","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100955","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100955","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Outbreaks of sarcoptic mange are sporadically reported in koala populations across Australia, but disease characteristics (e.g., distribution across the body) remain poorly understood. In an area of Northern Victoria regular cases coming into care suggest mange may have become enzootic, and here we characterise those koala mange admission records. In 18% (n = 10) of mange affected koala reports that had a recorded outcome (n = 55), the animals died before the carers could locate them, and of the remaining 45 koalas that were alive upon carer arrival, 80% (n = 36) had to be euthanised due to severe mange. The number of admissions varied among years (highest observed in 2019), and over 60% of affected koala admissions were male. Male admissions peaked in austral spring and again in late austral summer-autumn (mating and birthing seasons), with female admissions only exhibiting the latter peak (birthing season). Fissures of the epidermis of the front paws occurred in 100% of admitted koalas, with 70% also showing these signs elsewhere on ventral surfaces or limbs. Only male koalas had signs of mange on the chest and face, and only female koalas had signs of mange on their back. Collectively, this study suggests sarcoptic mange can be a severe disease in koalas, and that male koalas may play an important role in seasonal transmission dynamics. We discuss how these findings may help inform intervention strategies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100955"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213224424000518/pdfft?md5=a604b4eeaafdc8ddb773b356a64442c9&pid=1-s2.0-S2213224424000518-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141395642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-12DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100954
Rafael A.N. Ramos , Hassan Hakimi , Jordan Salomon , Rachel E. Busselman , Rachel Curtis-Robles , Carolyn L. Hodo , Sarah A. Hamer , Guilherme G. Verocai
Dirofilaria immitis and Dirofilaria striata (Spirurida: Onchocercidae) are epidemiologically important filarial nematodes detected in wild carnivores sympatric to domestic animals and humans. In this study we surveyed for Dirofilaria species among previous studies archived blood samples (n = 202) of wild carnivores sourced across Texas between the years of 2014–2016 and 2020 to 2023. In total, 117 coyotes (Canis latrans), 67 raccoons (Procyon lotor), 12 gray foxes (Urocyon cinereoargenteus), five bobcats (Lynx rufus), and one striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis) were tested through the amplification of the partial cytochrome oxidase c subunit 1 (COI) gene followed by sequencing. Dirofilaria immitis was detected in 11.39% (95% CI = 7.71–16.51) of the samples (21 coyotes and two raccoons), while D. striata was detected in a single bobcat. Dirofilaria immitis sequences had 99.85%–100% (99.92% ± 0.08) similarity with other D. immitis sequences in GenBank. The sequence of D. striata from the bobcat was 100% similar to the single COI sequence available in GenBank. Data from this study reinforce the role of coyotes as a wild reservoir for D. immitis and suggest that raccoons may also play a role in the epidemiology of this parasite. This study additionally provides molecular data on D. striata, an understudied filarioid of felids.
{"title":"Dirofilaria immitis and Dirofilaria striata (Spirurida: Onchocercidae) detected in wild carnivores from Texas, United States","authors":"Rafael A.N. Ramos , Hassan Hakimi , Jordan Salomon , Rachel E. Busselman , Rachel Curtis-Robles , Carolyn L. Hodo , Sarah A. Hamer , Guilherme G. Verocai","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100954","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100954","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Dirofilaria immitis</em> and <em>Dirofilaria striata</em> (Spirurida: Onchocercidae) are epidemiologically important filarial nematodes detected in wild carnivores sympatric to domestic animals and humans. In this study we surveyed for <em>Dirofilaria</em> species among previous studies archived blood samples (n = 202) of wild carnivores sourced across Texas between the years of 2014–2016 and 2020 to 2023. In total, 117 coyotes (<em>Canis latrans</em>), 67 raccoons (<em>Procyon lotor</em>), 12 gray foxes (<em>Urocyon cinereoargenteus</em>), five bobcats (<em>Lynx rufus</em>), and one striped skunk (<em>Mephitis mephitis</em>) were tested through the amplification of the partial cytochrome oxidase c subunit 1 (<em>COI</em>) gene followed by sequencing. <em>Dirofilaria immitis</em> was detected in 11.39% (95% CI = 7.71–16.51) of the samples (21 coyotes and two raccoons), while <em>D. striata</em> was detected in a single bobcat. <em>Dirofilaria immitis</em> sequences had 99.85%–100% (99.92% ± 0.08) similarity with other <em>D. immitis</em> sequences in GenBank. The sequence of <em>D. striata</em> from the bobcat was 100% similar to the single <em>COI</em> sequence available in GenBank. Data from this study reinforce the role of coyotes as a wild reservoir for <em>D. immitis</em> and suggest that raccoons may also play a role in the epidemiology of this parasite. This study additionally provides molecular data on <em>D. striata</em>, an understudied filarioid of felids.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100954"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213224424000506/pdfft?md5=d473871778a888b18273e10ea118efe0&pid=1-s2.0-S2213224424000506-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141411031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-08DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100953
Keira Brown , David J. Jenkins , Alexander W. Gofton , Ina Smith , Nidhish Francis , Shokoofeh Shamsi , Diane P. Barton
Feral deer are widespread throughout Australia with the capacity to impact livestock production via transmission of parasites. Samples of Dama dama (fallow deer), Rusa unicolor (sambar deer), Cervus elaphus (red deer) and an unidentified deer were sourced from various locations in south-eastern Australia for examination for parasites. Adult nematodes were collected from the lungs of all deer species across four separate geographical locations. The nematodes were identified as species of Dictyocaulus through both morphological and molecular means. Species identification based on morphological features was difficult, with many measurements from described species overlapping. Molecular analyses targeting three markers, namely 18S rRNA, ITS2, and cox1 revealed the presence of two distinct species: Dictyocaulus cervi and Dictyocaulus skrjabini. These are the first genetically confirmed reports of species of Dictyocaulus in feral deer in Australia, and although cross-transmission of species of Dictyocaulus with livestock has not yet been reported, it cannot be completely discounted without further research.
{"title":"The first finding of Dictyocaulus cervi and Dictyocaulus skrjabini (Nematoda) in feral fallow deer (Dama dama) in Australia","authors":"Keira Brown , David J. Jenkins , Alexander W. Gofton , Ina Smith , Nidhish Francis , Shokoofeh Shamsi , Diane P. Barton","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100953","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100953","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Feral deer are widespread throughout Australia with the capacity to impact livestock production <em>via</em> transmission of parasites. Samples of <em>Dama dama</em> (fallow deer), <em>Rusa unicolor</em> (sambar deer), <em>Cervus elaphus</em> (red deer) and an unidentified deer were sourced from various locations in south-eastern Australia for examination for parasites. Adult nematodes were collected from the lungs of all deer species across four separate geographical locations. The nematodes were identified as species of <em>Dictyocaulus</em> through both morphological and molecular means. Species identification based on morphological features was difficult, with many measurements from described species overlapping. Molecular analyses targeting three markers, namely 18S rRNA, ITS2, and cox1 revealed the presence of two distinct species: <em>Dictyocaulus cervi</em> and <em>Dictyocaulus skrjabini</em>. These are the first genetically confirmed reports of species of <em>Dictyocaulus</em> in feral deer in Australia, and although cross-transmission of species of <em>Dictyocaulus</em> with livestock has not yet been reported, it cannot be completely discounted without further research.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100953"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221322442400049X/pdfft?md5=01b724df59572e77b3c66e5d10f1ff15&pid=1-s2.0-S221322442400049X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141302520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-06DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100951
Patricia Parreira Perin , Carmen Andrea Arias-Pacheco , Lívia de Oliveira Andrade , Jonathan Silvestre Gomes , Adrian Felipe de Moraes Ferreira , Rafael Oliveira Pavaneli , Fabiana Alves Loureiro , Ana Luíza Franco , Wilson Junior Oliveira , Talita Oliveira Mendonça , Natália de Oliveira Zolla , Mateus de Souza Ribeiro Mioni , Rosangela Zacarias Machado , Luiz Daniel de Barros , João Luis Garcia , Rafaela Maria Boson Jurkevicz , Ana Carolina Cavallieri , Estevam G. Lux Hoppe
The wild boar, an impactful invasive species in Brazil, is subject to population control activities, which often include the use of hunting dogs. Hunters commonly consume wild boar meat, which is also used to feed their dogs, posing a risk of Toxoplasma gondii infection for humans and both T. gondii and Neospora caninum for dogs. The study aimed to investigate the prevalence of infection in wild boars (n = 127) and hunting dogs (n = 73) from São Paulo, Rio Grande do Sul, and Paraná states. We employed histopathological, serological (indirect fluorescent antibody test), and molecular techniques (endpoint polymerase chain reaction). Histopathology slides of wild boar tissue (central nervous system, heart, skeletal muscle, liver, spleen, kidney, gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, lymph nodes, and thyroid) sections revealed no T. gondii or N. caninum cysts (0/47). Antibodies anti-T. gondii were detected in 35/108 (32.4%) and anti-N. caninum in 45/108 (41.7%) wild boars. Only 2/18 (11.1%) wild boar tissue homogenate samples tested positive for T. gondii on endpoint PCR. Hunting dogs showed antibodies against T. gondii in 62/73 (85%) and against N. caninum in 31/73 (42%). The presence of antibodies against T. gondii and N. caninum in wild boars and hunting dogs, along with T. gondii DNA detection in wild boars, indicates the circulation of these parasites. Educating hunters on preventing these foodborne diseases, including zoonotic risks, is crucial.
{"title":"Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in invasive wild boars (Sus scrofa) and hunting dogs from Brazil","authors":"Patricia Parreira Perin , Carmen Andrea Arias-Pacheco , Lívia de Oliveira Andrade , Jonathan Silvestre Gomes , Adrian Felipe de Moraes Ferreira , Rafael Oliveira Pavaneli , Fabiana Alves Loureiro , Ana Luíza Franco , Wilson Junior Oliveira , Talita Oliveira Mendonça , Natália de Oliveira Zolla , Mateus de Souza Ribeiro Mioni , Rosangela Zacarias Machado , Luiz Daniel de Barros , João Luis Garcia , Rafaela Maria Boson Jurkevicz , Ana Carolina Cavallieri , Estevam G. Lux Hoppe","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100951","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The wild boar, an impactful invasive species in Brazil, is subject to population control activities, which often include the use of hunting dogs. Hunters commonly consume wild boar meat, which is also used to feed their dogs, posing a risk of <em>Toxoplasma gondii</em> infection for humans and both <em>T. gondii</em> and <em>Neospora caninum</em> for dogs. The study aimed to investigate the prevalence of infection in wild boars (n = 127) and hunting dogs (n = 73) from São Paulo, Rio Grande do Sul, and Paraná states. We employed histopathological, serological (indirect fluorescent antibody test), and molecular techniques (endpoint polymerase chain reaction). Histopathology slides of wild boar tissue (central nervous system, heart, skeletal muscle, liver, spleen, kidney, gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, lymph nodes, and thyroid) sections revealed no <em>T. gondii</em> or <em>N. caninum</em> cysts (0/47). Antibodies anti-<em>T. gondii</em> were detected in 35/108 (32.4%) and anti-<em>N. caninum</em> in 45/108 (41.7%) wild boars. Only 2/18 (11.1%) wild boar tissue homogenate samples tested positive for <em>T. gondii</em> on endpoint PCR. Hunting dogs showed antibodies against <em>T. gondii</em> in 62/73 (85%) and against <em>N. caninum</em> in 31/73 (42%). The presence of antibodies against <em>T. gondii</em> and <em>N. caninum</em> in wild boars and hunting dogs, along with <em>T. gondii</em> DNA detection in wild boars, indicates the circulation of these parasites. Educating hunters on preventing these foodborne diseases, including zoonotic risks, is crucial.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100951"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213224424000476/pdfft?md5=edb3148b5381ca28d75ecb595468c991&pid=1-s2.0-S2213224424000476-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141303243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-06DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100950
Samridhi Rijal , Peter Neuhaus , Jack Thorley , Nigel Caulkett , Susan Kutz , Kathreen E. Ruckstuhl
Males and females in sexually dimorphic species show differences in their physiology and behaviour due to differences in energetic investment into reproduction and soma. This means that the two sexes may show different patterns of parasitism at different times of the year. In this study, we evaluate the abundance of fecal eggs and larvae of 5 parasite types (Strongyles, Nematodirus spp., Marshallagia marshalli., Protostrongylus spp. lungworms, and Eimeria spp.) in relation to season and sex in Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis). We use fecal egg counts (FEC) as a proxy for infection intensity. Parasite FECs differed between male and female bighorn sheep and varied with season. We found pronounced fluctuations in fecal egg counts of various parasite species in males and females across different seasons and reproductive stages. Strongyle counts were significantly higher during late gestation and lactation/summer, and particularly pronounced in males. Nematodirus counts were highest during late gestation in females and during the rut in males. Marshallagia counts peaked during late gestation in females and during the rut in males. Protostrongylus spp. lungworm counts were highest during late gestation in females and in males during lactation/summer and the rut. Eimeria oocyst counts varied across seasons, with higher counts in males during the rut and in females during winter and late gestation. Additionally, significant differences in Strongyle counts were observed between coursing and tending rams, with tending rams exhibiting higher counts. We discuss why the sexes might differ in FECs and suggest that differences between FECs of the parasites across seasons may be due to different life cycles and cold tolerance of the parasites themselves.
{"title":"Patterns of gastrointestinal parasite infections in bighorn sheep, Ovis canadensis, with respect to host sex and seasonality","authors":"Samridhi Rijal , Peter Neuhaus , Jack Thorley , Nigel Caulkett , Susan Kutz , Kathreen E. Ruckstuhl","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100950","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Males and females in sexually dimorphic species show differences in their physiology and behaviour due to differences in energetic investment into reproduction and soma. This means that the two sexes may show different patterns of parasitism at different times of the year. In this study, we evaluate the abundance of fecal eggs and larvae of 5 parasite types (Strongyles, <em>Nematodirus</em> spp., <em>Marshallagia marshalli</em>., <em>Protostrongylus</em> spp. lungworms, and <em>Eimeria</em> spp.) in relation to season and sex in Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep (<em>Ovis canadensis</em>). We use fecal egg counts (FEC) as a proxy for infection intensity. Parasite FECs differed between male and female bighorn sheep and varied with season. We found pronounced fluctuations in fecal egg counts of various parasite species in males and females across different seasons and reproductive stages. Strongyle counts were significantly higher during late gestation and lactation/summer, and particularly pronounced in males. <em>Nematodirus</em> counts were highest during late gestation in females and during the rut in males. <em>Marshallagia</em> counts peaked during late gestation in females and during the rut in males. <em>Protostrongylus</em> spp. lungworm counts were highest during late gestation in females and in males during lactation/summer and the rut. <em>Eimeria</em> oocyst counts varied across seasons, with higher counts in males during the rut and in females during winter and late gestation. Additionally, significant differences in Strongyle counts were observed between coursing and tending rams, with tending rams exhibiting higher counts. We discuss why the sexes might differ in FECs and suggest that differences between FECs of the parasites across seasons may be due to different life cycles and cold tolerance of the parasites themselves.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100950"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213224424000464/pdfft?md5=3717e41fdf9fbdcff93331b5af8d3e3b&pid=1-s2.0-S2213224424000464-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141308504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-06DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100952
Ana Maria Duque de Araujo Munhoz , Ema Albuquerque Fernandes , João David Molarinho Marques , Bruno Pereira Berto
Reduncin bovids of Kobus spp. (Bovidae: Reduncini) are natively distributed in sub-Saharan Africa, although some populations have been introduced into parks and zoos around the world. The majority of the species has declining populations, being categorized as threatened by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources; therefore, protective measures for the conservation of Kobus spp. are necessary, including the study of their parasites, such as the eimeriid coccidians (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae). In this context, the aim of the current study was to brings together the taxonomic data from the descriptions and reports of Eimeria spp. from reduncin bovids, based on the detailed morphological identification of Eimeria congolensis Ricci-Bitti, Pampiglione & Kabala, 1973 from a new host subspecies, the common waterbuck Kobus ellipsiprymnus ellipsiprymnus (Ogilbyi, 1833), in a safari park of Portugal. Five Eimeria spp. are recorded from reduncin bovids, in addition to six more reports identified generically as Eimeria sp., which were compared and taxonomically rearranged. The oocysts identified as E. congolensis in the current study were compatible with the original description and were supplemented for some taxonomic characters not originally included, such as: Stieda body flattened to nipplelike, sub-Stieda body rounded to trapezoidal, sporocyst residuum granular and membrane-bound, in addition to greater details of the micropyle, among others. Finally, the current study highlights the importance of studying the coccidians of reduncin bovids for the conservation of Kobus spp. due to the possibility of these Eimeria spp. are extra-intestinal parasites, which can potentially cause severe coccidiosis associated with increased morbidity and mortality in certain threatened populations of Kobus spp.
{"title":"Remarks on Eimeria spp. (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from Kobus spp. (Bovidae: Reduncini), with supplementary morphological data of Eimeria congolensis Ricci-Bitti et al., 1973 from a new host subspecies, the common waterbuck Kobus ellipsiprymnus ellipsiprymnus (Ogilbyi, 1833)","authors":"Ana Maria Duque de Araujo Munhoz , Ema Albuquerque Fernandes , João David Molarinho Marques , Bruno Pereira Berto","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100952","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Reduncin bovids of <em>Kobus</em> spp. (Bovidae: Reduncini) are natively distributed in sub-Saharan Africa, although some populations have been introduced into parks and zoos around the world. The majority of the species has declining populations, being categorized as threatened by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources; therefore, protective measures for the conservation of <em>Kobus</em> spp. are necessary, including the study of their parasites, such as the eimeriid coccidians (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae). In this context, the aim of the current study was to brings together the taxonomic data from the descriptions and reports of <em>Eimeria</em> spp. from reduncin bovids, based on the detailed morphological identification of <em>Eimeria congolensis</em> Ricci-Bitti, Pampiglione & Kabala, 1973 from a new host subspecies, the common waterbuck <em>Kobus ellipsiprymnus ellipsiprymnus</em> (Ogilbyi, 1833), in a safari park of Portugal. Five <em>Eimeria</em> spp. are recorded from reduncin bovids, in addition to six more reports identified generically as <em>Eimeria</em> sp., which were compared and taxonomically rearranged. The oocysts identified as <em>E. congolensis</em> in the current study were compatible with the original description and were supplemented for some taxonomic characters not originally included, such as: Stieda body flattened to nipplelike, sub-Stieda body rounded to trapezoidal, sporocyst residuum granular and membrane-bound, in addition to greater details of the micropyle, among others. Finally, the current study highlights the importance of studying the coccidians of reduncin bovids for the conservation of <em>Kobus</em> spp. due to the possibility of these <em>Eimeria</em> spp. are extra-intestinal parasites, which can potentially cause severe coccidiosis associated with increased morbidity and mortality in certain threatened populations of <em>Kobus</em> spp.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100952"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213224424000488/pdfft?md5=0198fce8bd8bbadf74820f1c124b7ebd&pid=1-s2.0-S2213224424000488-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141289877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-27DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100944
Molly F. Tilley , Danielle Barry , Patrick C. Hanington , Cameron P. Goater
Morphological, gene sequence, host tissue tropism, and life cycle characteristics were utilized to describe the myxozoan, Myxobolus rasmusseni n. sp. from fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas, collected from reservoirs in southern Alberta. Results from serial histological sections of whole heads showed that myxospores were contained within irregular-shaped and sized coelozoic capsules (=plasmodia). Clusters of membrane-bound, myxospore-filled plasmodia filled the head cavities of juvenile fathead minnows, leading to the development of large, white, disfiguring lesions in mid to late summer. Bilateral exopthalmia (pop-eye disease) was a common outcome of M. rasmusseni n. sp. development. BLASTn search of a 1974 bp sequence of the 18S rDNA gene isolated from myxospores indicated that M. rasmusseni n. sp. was distinct from other coelozoic and histozoic Myxobolus spp. cataloged in GenBank. 18S rDNA gene sequences from triactinomyxon spores released from the oligochaete Tubifex were 100% identical to sequences from myxospores collected from syntopic fathead minnows. Results from a longitudinal survey of the 2020 cohort of fathead minnows showed that young-of-the-year are exposed at 1–5 mo and that 60–90% of these had developed myxospore-filled lesions approximately one year later. Data regarding potential sources and timing of M. rasmusseni n. sp. emergence in fathead minnow populations are needed.
利用形态学、基因序列、宿主组织滋养性和生命周期特征描述了从阿尔伯塔省南部水库收集的黑头鲦鱼中发现的蕈蚊--Myxobolus rasmusseni n. sp.。整个头部的连续组织学切片结果显示,肌孢子包含在不规则形状和大小的包囊(=plasmodia)中。成群的膜结合、充满贻贝孢子的浆细胞充满了幼年黑头鲦鱼的头腔,导致它们在夏季中后期出现大面积的白色毁容性病变。双侧外眼炎(爆眼病)是 M. rasmusseni n. sp.从霉菌孢子中分离出的 18S rDNA 基因的 1974 bp 序列的 BLASTn 搜索表明,M. rasmusseni n. sp.从寡毛藻类 Tubifex 中释放的三触角肌孢子的 18S rDNA 基因序列与从同种黑头鲦鱼中收集的肌孢子序列 100%相同。对 2020 年一批黑头鲦鱼进行的纵向调查结果显示,年幼的黑头鲦鱼在 1-5 个月时就接触到了蕈样孢子,其中 60-90% 的黑头鲦鱼在大约一年后出现了充满蕈样孢子的病变。需要有关黑头鲦鱼种群中出现 M. rasmusseni n. sp.的潜在来源和时间的数据。
{"title":"Description, life cycle, and development of the myxozoan Myxobolus rasmusseni n. sp. in fathead minnows, Pimephales promelas: A possible emerging pathogen in southern Alberta, Canada","authors":"Molly F. Tilley , Danielle Barry , Patrick C. Hanington , Cameron P. Goater","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100944","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Morphological, gene sequence, host tissue tropism, and life cycle characteristics were utilized to describe the myxozoan, <em>Myxobolus rasmusseni</em> n. sp. from fathead minnow, <em>Pimephales promelas,</em> collected from reservoirs in southern Alberta. Results from serial histological sections of whole heads showed that myxospores were contained within irregular-shaped and sized coelozoic capsules (=plasmodia). Clusters of membrane-bound, myxospore-filled plasmodia filled the head cavities of juvenile fathead minnows, leading to the development of large, white, disfiguring lesions in mid to late summer. Bilateral exopthalmia (pop-eye disease) was a common outcome of <em>M. rasmusseni</em> n. sp. development. BLASTn search of a 1974 bp sequence of the 18S rDNA gene isolated from myxospores indicated that <em>M</em>. <em>rasmusseni</em> n. sp. was distinct from other coelozoic and histozoic <em>Myxobolus</em> spp. cataloged in GenBank. 18S rDNA gene sequences from triactinomyxon spores released from the oligochaete <em>Tubifex</em> were 100% identical to sequences from myxospores collected from syntopic fathead minnows. Results from a longitudinal survey of the 2020 cohort of fathead minnows showed that young-of-the-year are exposed at 1–5 mo and that 60–90% of these had developed myxospore-filled lesions approximately one year later. Data regarding potential sources and timing of <em>M. rasmusseni</em> n. sp. emergence in fathead minnow populations are needed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100944"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213224424000403/pdfft?md5=3c8c9b356215f0889f82f4c056b316b9&pid=1-s2.0-S2213224424000403-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141325218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-26DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100949
Cui-lan Hao , Wen-run Zhang , Kadirden Arken , Jin-pu Wang , Cai-xia Shi , Li Zhang , Cheng Yue
To investigate Gyrodactylus infection of fish in the river system of Xinjiang (China), Gyrodactylus individuals were isolated from specimens of Diptychus maculatus. Morphological characterization and phylogenetic analysis based on ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA locus revealed that the gyrodactylids belong to new species. Gyrodactylus diptychi n. sp. differs significantly in the morphology of the haptoral structures from 12 known species of Gyrodactylus found in fishes of the subfamily Schizothoracinae. In particular, G. diptychi n. sp. has a relatively short dorsal bar with thick and large ends, flat and straight hamuli roots, and small ventral bar processes. Furthermore, G. diptychi n. sp. is the only representative of Gyrodactylus found on D. maculatus. Using the BLASTn search of ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA sequences in GenBank and the Bayesian Information and Maximum Likelihood methods, we constructed phylogenetic trees for G. diptychi n. sp. As a result, our studies clearly identified that G. diptychi n. sp. was the first Gyrodactylus monogenean isolated from D. maculatus and a new species belonged to the subgenus Limnonephrotus.
为了研究新疆(中国)江河水系鱼类的感染情况,研究人员从新疆(中国)江河水系鱼类的标本中分离出个体,并对其进行了形态学表征和基于rDNA位点的系统发育分析,结果表明该鱼类属于新种。特别是,n. sp.的背鳍条相对较短,末端粗而大,鳍根扁平而直,腹鳍条突起较小。通过对 GenBank 中的 rDNA 序列进行 BLASTn 检索,并采用贝叶斯信息和最大似然法,我们构建了 n. sp.的系统发生树。 结果,我们的研究明确了 n. sp.是第一个从.中分离出来的单系鱼类,是属于.亚属的一个新物种。
{"title":"Identification of a new species of Gyrodactylus von Nordmann, 1832 (Monogenoidea Gyrodactylidae) isolated from Diptychus maculatus in Yarkand River, Xinjiang, China","authors":"Cui-lan Hao , Wen-run Zhang , Kadirden Arken , Jin-pu Wang , Cai-xia Shi , Li Zhang , Cheng Yue","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100949","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100949","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To investigate <em>Gyrodactylus</em> infection of fish in the river system of Xinjiang (China), <em>Gyrodactylus</em> individuals were isolated from specimens of <em>Diptychus maculatus</em>. Morphological characterization and phylogenetic analysis based on <em>ITS1-5.8S-ITS2</em> rDNA locus revealed that the gyrodactylids belong to new species. <em>Gyrodactylus diptychi</em> n. sp. differs significantly in the morphology of the haptoral structures from 12 known species of <em>Gyrodactylus</em> found in fishes of the subfamily Schizothoracinae. In particular, <em>G. diptychi</em> n. sp. has a relatively short dorsal bar with thick and large ends, flat and straight hamuli roots, and small ventral bar processes. Furthermore, <em>G</em>. <em>diptychi</em> n. sp. is the only representative of <em>Gyrodactylus</em> found on <em>D. maculatus.</em> Using the BLASTn search of <em>ITS1-5.8S-ITS2</em> rDNA sequences in GenBank and the Bayesian Information and Maximum Likelihood methods, we constructed phylogenetic trees for <em>G. diptychi</em> n. sp. As a result, our studies clearly identified that <em>G. diptychi</em> n. sp. was the first <em>Gyrodactylus</em> monogenean isolated from <em>D</em>. <em>maculatus</em> and a new species belonged to the subgenus <em>Limnonephrotus</em>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100949"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213224424000452/pdfft?md5=1128a26e80d78fa2f4c66227aa664456&pid=1-s2.0-S2213224424000452-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141187920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Platypuses are the world's most evolutionarily distinct mammal and have several host-specific ecto- and endoparasites. With platypus populations declining, consideration should also be given to preserving these high conservation priority parasites alongside their charismatic host. A disease risk analysis (DRA) was performed for a platypus conservation translocation, using a modified streamlined methodology that incorporated a parasite conservation framework. DRA frameworks rarely consider parasite conservation. Rather, parasites are typically considered myopically in terms of the potential harm they may cause their host. To address this, a previously proposed parasite conservation framework was incorporated into an existing streamlined DRA methodology. Incorporation of the two frameworks was achieved readily, although there is opportunity for further refinement of this process. This DRA is significant as it is the first performed for any monotreme species, and implements the emerging approach of balancing the health and disease risk of the host with parasite conservation.
{"title":"Applying a modified streamlined disease risk analysis framework to a platypus conservation translocation, with special consideration for the conservation of ecto- and endoparasites","authors":"Jessica Whinfield , Kristin Warren , Larry Vogelnest , Rebecca Vaughan-Higgins","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100948","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100948","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Platypuses are the world's most evolutionarily distinct mammal and have several host-specific ecto- and endoparasites. With platypus populations declining, consideration should also be given to preserving these high conservation priority parasites alongside their charismatic host. A disease risk analysis (DRA) was performed for a platypus conservation translocation, using a modified streamlined methodology that incorporated a parasite conservation framework. DRA frameworks rarely consider parasite conservation. Rather, parasites are typically considered myopically in terms of the potential harm they may cause their host. To address this, a previously proposed parasite conservation framework was incorporated into an existing streamlined DRA methodology. Incorporation of the two frameworks was achieved readily, although there is opportunity for further refinement of this process. This DRA is significant as it is the first performed for any monotreme species, and implements the emerging approach of balancing the health and disease risk of the host with parasite conservation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100948"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213224424000440/pdfft?md5=6bdeff36982861d6659ab325b637301c&pid=1-s2.0-S2213224424000440-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141131286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-23DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100947
Roman Kuchta , Anna J. Phillips , Tomáš Scholz
Tapeworms of the genus Spirometra Faust, Campbell et Kellogg, 1929 have long been known as intestinal parasites of carnivores and their larvae (spargana) have been found in various vertebrates. Nevertheless, their species diversity, host associations and geographical distribution remain poorly understood. Molecular data clearly confirm the validity of the genus, which has been synonymised by several authors with Diphyllobothrium Cobbold, 1858. Despite morphological similarities between the species of the two genera, they are not closely related and also differ in their life cycle. The present review provides a list of the species recognised as valid and additional genotypes that may represent other species, with a basic characterisation of each taxon and comments on their validity, the probable range of definitive and intermediate hosts, and their distribution. The existing taxonomic problems and the insufficient knowledge of the host specificity and distribution of Spirometra tapeworms can only be solved by combining molecular and morphological data, i.e. by comparing genetically characterised specimens with corresponding morphological vouchers (hologenophores). Further targeted sampling and surveys are required to clarify the distribution and host associations.
Spirometra Faust、Campbell et Kellogg(1929 年)属的绦虫长期以来一直是食肉动物的肠道寄生虫,其幼虫(spargana)在各种脊椎动物体内都有发现。然而,人们对它们的物种多样性、宿主关系和地理分布仍然知之甚少。分子数据清楚地证实了该属的有效性,有几位作者将其与 Diphyllobothrium Cobbold, 1858 同名。尽管这两个属的物种形态相似,但它们的亲缘关系并不密切,而且在生命周期上也存在差异。本综述列出了被认为有效的物种和可能代表其他物种的其他基因型,并对每个分类群的基本特征、其有效性、最终宿主和中间宿主的可能范围及其分布进行了评论。现有的分类问题以及对螺旋绦虫寄主特异性和分布的了解不足,只能通过结合分子和形态学数据,即通过比较基因特征标本和相应的形态学凭证(全息图)来解决。需要进一步开展有针对性的采样和调查,以明确其分布和宿主关系。
{"title":"Diversity and biology of Spirometra tapeworms (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidea), zoonotic parasites of wildlife: A review","authors":"Roman Kuchta , Anna J. Phillips , Tomáš Scholz","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100947","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100947","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Tapeworms of the genus <em>Spirometra</em> Faust, Campbell et Kellogg, 1929 have long been known as intestinal parasites of carnivores and their larvae (spargana) have been found in various vertebrates. Nevertheless, their species diversity, host associations and geographical distribution remain poorly understood. Molecular data clearly confirm the validity of the genus, which has been synonymised by several authors with <em>Diphyllobothrium</em> Cobbold, 1858. Despite morphological similarities between the species of the two genera, they are not closely related and also differ in their life cycle. The present review provides a list of the species recognised as valid and additional genotypes that may represent other species, with a basic characterisation of each taxon and comments on their validity, the probable range of definitive and intermediate hosts, and their distribution. The existing taxonomic problems and the insufficient knowledge of the host specificity and distribution of <em>Spirometra</em> tapeworms can only be solved by combining molecular and morphological data, i.e. by comparing genetically characterised specimens with corresponding morphological vouchers (hologenophores). Further targeted sampling and surveys are required to clarify the distribution and host associations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100947"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213224424000439/pdfft?md5=594058ba592c9dea2a242995f61143dc&pid=1-s2.0-S2213224424000439-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141137580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}