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Which features at home make a plant prone to become invasive? 家里的哪些特征会使植物容易入侵?
IF 5.1 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2023-07-05 DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.86.104039
Javier Galán Díaz, E. G. de la Riva, Irene Martín‐Forés, M. Vilà
Determining the factors that pre-adapt plant species to successfully establish and spread outside of their native ranges constitutes a powerful approach with great potential for management. While this source-area approach accounts for the bias associated with species’ regions of origin, it has been only implemented in pools of species known to be established elsewhere. We argue that, in regions with well-known introduction histories, such as the Mediterranean Biome, the consideration of co-dominant non-introduced species as a control group allows a better understanding of the invasion process. For this purpose, we used occurrence data from GBIF and trait data from previous studies to find predictors of establishment and invasion. We compare the frequency, climatic niche and functional traits of 149 co-dominant plant species in their native region in southern Spain, considering whether they have colonised other Mediterranean-climate regions or not and their level of invasion. We found that large native ranges and diverse climatic niches were the best predictors of species establishment abroad. Moreover, coloniser species had longer bloom periods, higher growth rates and greater resource acquisition, whereas coloniser species becoming invasive had also greater reproductive height and nitrogen use efficiency. This framework has the potential to improve prediction models and management practices to prevent the harmful impacts from species in invaded communities.
确定使植物物种预先适应并在其原生范围外成功建立和传播的因素是一种具有巨大管理潜力的强大方法。虽然这种源区方法解释了与物种起源区域相关的偏见,但它只在已知在其他地方建立的物种库中实施。我们认为,在具有众所周知的引入历史的地区,如地中海生物群落,将共同优势的非引入物种视为对照组,可以更好地了解入侵过程。为此,我们使用GBIF的发生数据和先前研究的特征数据来寻找建立和入侵的预测因素。我们比较了149种共同优势植物在西班牙南部原生地区的频率、气候生态位和功能特征,考虑到它们是否在其他地中海气候地区定居以及它们的入侵水平。我们发现,大的原生范围和多样的气候生态位是国外物种建立的最佳预测因素。此外,定殖物种具有更长的开花期、更高的生长率和更多的资源获取,而入侵的定殖物种也具有更高的繁殖高度和氮利用效率。该框架有可能改进预测模型和管理实践,以防止入侵群落中物种的有害影响。
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引用次数: 2
Halyomorpha halys and its egg parasitoids Trissolcus japonicus and T. mitsukurii: the geographic dimension of the interaction Halyomorpha黄颡鱼及其卵寄生体日本三尾蛾与三尾蛾:相互作用的地理维度
IF 5.1 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2023-06-27 DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.85.102501
F. Tortorici, P. Bombi, L. Loru, A. Mele, S. Moraglio, Davide Scaccini, A. Pozzebon, R. Pantaleoni, L. Tavella
Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera, Pentatomidae) was accidentally introduced to North America and Europe, becoming a key pest of many important crops. In its native range, it is attacked by egg parasitoids, including Trissolcus japonicus (Ashmead), considered to be the main species, and T. mitsukurii (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae). Trissolcus japonicus was detected in North America in 2014 and Europe in 2017, while T. mitsukurii was detected in Australia in the early 20th century and in Europe in 2016. Both species now appear established in the new areas. The present study used the MaxEnt algorithm to clarify the geographic dimension of the potential interaction between H. halys and these two parasitoid species, and to indicate where the release of one or the other parasitoid species is more likely to be effective. We found that the suitability for the two parasitoids overlaps the H. halys native range completely. In invaded areas, T. japonicus showed higher potential habitat suitability at the global scale, compared to T. mitsukurii, and also higher potential suitability at lower latitudes at continental and national scales. These results can substantially improve the effectiveness of biological control against H. halys, by targeting the releases of parasitoids to the areas where each species is most likely to succeed.
Halyomorpha halys (stastl)(半翅目,蝽科)是偶然引进到北美和欧洲,成为许多重要作物的主要害虫。在其原生地,它受到卵寄生蜂的攻击,包括被认为是主要种的日本三翅虫(Trissolcus japonicus, Ashmead)和mitsukurii (Ashmead)(膜翅目,蜂科)。2014年在北美和2017年在欧洲发现了日本三梭菌,而20世纪初在澳大利亚和2016年在欧洲发现了三梭菌。这两个物种现在似乎都在新的地区定居下来了。本研究利用MaxEnt算法,明确了大叶瓢虫与这两种寄生蜂之间潜在相互作用的地理维度,并指出在哪些地方释放一种或另一种寄生蜂更可能有效。结果表明,这两种拟寄生蜂的适宜性完全重叠于halys的原生地。在入侵区,日本夜蛾在全球尺度上的生境适宜性潜力高于三栗夜蛾,在大陆和国家尺度上的生境适宜性潜力也高于低纬度地区。这些结果可以通过将拟寄生虫定向释放到每个物种最有可能成功的地区,从而大大提高对大halys的生物防治效果。
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引用次数: 0
A century of weed change in New Zealand’s forage seed multiplication industry A一个世纪以来新西兰牧草种子繁殖业的杂草变化
IF 5.1 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2023-06-27 DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.85.100825
J. Rubenstein, P. Hulme, M. Rolston, A. Stewart, J. Hampton
International seed trading provides a significant introductory pathway for weed seeds, and many globally established weeds originated as contaminants in agricultural seed lots. Management of these trade systems helps minimize agricultural losses and is an important means of preventing future biological incursions. Forage crop seed lots could be considered higher risk than seed lots of arable and vegetable crops, as they have been found to have a higher percentage of contaminated seed lots. Two of the most commonly used temperate forage crops worldwide are perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and white clover (Trifolium repens). New Zealand is one of the top producers of these crop seeds globally, and both species are commonly used in New Zealand pastures. Using historical and current seed lot analytical purity test results, we examined the frequency, identity and temporal changes of weed seeds found within agricultural seed lots of perennial ryegrass and white clover grown in New Zealand from 1912 to 2019. Overall, the percentage of contaminated forage seed lots decreased between approximately three to sixfold over the study period, indicating that herbicide availability, seed certification and improved crop management have been effective for weed control. However, we identified a handful of annual weed species that could become more problematic in the future, either because they showed an increasing presence trend in seed lots or were identified as the most common contaminants. In 2019, Vulpia bromoides was the most common contaminant in perennial ryegrass seed lots, and Chenopodium album was the most common in white clover seed lots. Sherardia arvensis and Poa annua, both significant species with an increasing presence trend, had the largest increases in perennial ryegrass seed lots over the study period. Conversely, Rumex acetosella had the largest presence decline for both crop species. There was a significant difference between the percentage of contaminant species that were grass weeds between study crops, where perennial ryegrass seed lots had approximately four times more grass species than white clover. Considering New Zealand trades crop seed with approximately half of the world’s countries and contributes substantially to the global supply of forage seed, our study provides a unique insight into changes of the weed spectrum throughout the seed for sowing system over the last century.
国际种子贸易为杂草种子提供了重要的引进途径,许多全球公认的杂草起源于农业种子批次的污染物。管理这些贸易系统有助于减少农业损失,是防止未来生物入侵的重要手段。草料作物的种子区被认为比耕地和蔬菜作物的种子区风险更高,因为草料作物的种子区被污染的比例更高。世界上最常用的两种温带饲料作物是多年生黑麦草(Lolium perenne)和白三叶草(Trifolium repens)。新西兰是全球最大的这些作物种子生产国之一,这两种种子在新西兰的牧场上都很常用。利用历史和当前种子批次分析纯度测试结果,研究了1912年至2019年新西兰多年生黑麦草和白三叶农业种子批次中杂草种子的频率、特征和时间变化。总体而言,在研究期间,受污染的牧草种子批次的百分比下降了大约三到六倍,这表明除草剂的可用性、种子认证和改进的作物管理对杂草控制是有效的。然而,我们发现了一些一年生杂草物种,它们在未来可能会变得更有问题,要么是因为它们在种子批次中呈现出越来越多的存在趋势,要么是被认为是最常见的污染物。2019年,多年生黑麦草种子地块中最常见的污染物为溴化Vulpia bromoides,白三叶草种子地块中最常见的污染物为Chenopodium album。多年生黑麦草种子数量在研究期内增加最多的是雪梨和年草,两者都有增加趋势。相反,在两种作物中,牛蒡的存在率下降幅度最大。在不同的研究作物中,杂草所占的污染物种百分比存在显著差异,其中多年生黑麦草种子地块的草种类大约是白三叶草的四倍。考虑到新西兰与世界上大约一半的国家进行作物种子贸易,并为全球饲料种子供应做出了重大贡献,我们的研究为上个世纪整个种子播种系统的杂草谱变化提供了独特的见解。
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引用次数: 0
Investigating beetle communities in and around entry points can improve surveillance at national and international scale Investigating入境点内和周围的甲虫群落可以在国家和国际范围内改善监测
IF 5.1 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2023-06-22 DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.85.103904
H. Mas, G. Santoiemma, J. L. Lencina, D. Gallego, E. Pérez-Laorga, E. Ruzzier, D. Rassati
Beetles are commonly moved among continents with international trade. Baited traps set up in and around entry points are commonly used to increase chances of early-detection of incoming species and complement visual inspections. A still underestimated benefit of this surveillance approach is the high number and diversity of collected bycatch species. In this study, we exploited a multiyear surveillance program carried out with baited traps at five Spanish ports and their surrounding natural areas to investigate i) the importance of identifying bycatch to more promptly detect nonnative species belonging to non-target groups; ii) patterns of native and nonnative species richness and abundance inside the port areas vs. surrounding natural areas; iii) the occurrence of spillover events between natural areas surrounding ports and the port areas, and iv) whether the native species most commonly introduced into other countries are more abundant in port areas than in surrounding natural areas. A total of 23,538 individuals from 206 species representing 33 families were collected. The number and taxonomic diversity of the 26 bycatch nonnative beetle species testified that the identification of these unintentionally trapped species can provide additional information on ongoing invasions. Patterns of spillover and native species richness and abundance in port areas vs. surrounding natural areas highlighted a differential ability of different beetle families to colonize port areas. Finally, native species most commonly introduced into other countries were more abundant in port areas than in their surroundings, while the opposite trend occurred for native species that have not been introduced elsewhere. Our study highlighted that the use of traps baited with generic attractants can aid in early-detection of nonnative beetle species, and that the identification of native species can provide useful information on the risk of introduction in other countries.
甲壳虫通常通过国际贸易在各大洲之间移动。在入境点及其周围设置的诱饵陷阱通常用于增加早期发现外来物种的机会,并补充目视检查。这种监测方法的一个仍然被低估的好处是收集到的副渔获物物种的数量和多样性很高。在这项研究中,我们利用在西班牙五个港口及其周围自然区域使用诱饵陷阱进行的多年监测计划,调查i)识别副渔获物的重要性,以更迅速地检测属于非目标群体的非本地物种;ii)港口区域内与周围自然区域的本地和非本地物种丰富度和丰度模式;iii)港口周围的自然区域和港口地区之间发生的溢出事件,以及iv)最常见地引入其他国家的本土物种在港口地区是否比在周围的自然地区更丰富。共采集了来自33科206种的23538个个体。26种副渔获物非本地甲虫物种的数量和分类多样性证明,识别这些无意捕获的物种可以为正在进行的入侵提供更多信息。港口地区与周围自然地区的溢出模式和本地物种丰富度和丰度突出了不同甲虫科在港口地区定居的不同能力。最后,最常引入其他国家的本土物种在港口地区比在其周围地区更为丰富,而在其他地方没有引入的本土物种则出现了相反的趋势。我们的研究强调,使用以通用引诱剂为诱饵的陷阱有助于早期发现非本土甲虫物种,识别本土物种可以提供有关在其他国家引入风险的有用信息。
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引用次数: 3
The effect of site conditions and type of ramet clusters on sexual and asexual ramets of Solidago × niederederi (Asteraceae) The立地条件和分株类型对菊科一枝黄花有性和无性分株的影响
IF 5.1 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2023-06-15 DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.85.98796
A. Pliszko, K. Kostrakiewicz-Gierałt, I. Makuch-Pietraś
Spontaneous hybrids between alien and native plant species are alien taxa and they threaten native biodiversity due to their high competitive ability or introgression. Thus, we tested the effect of soil conditions, elevation and type of ramet clusters (clonal clumps of shoots) on sexual and asexual ramets of Solidago × niederederi, a hybrid between the invasive alien S. canadensis and the native S. virgaurea. We also tested the relationships between the size of sexual ramets and habitat conditions in the hybrid and its parental species, based on ten sites in NE and S Poland, respectively. The hybrid and its parental species occurred on mineral soils with a wide range of textures (sand, loamy sand, sandy loam, silty loam and loam) and pH (from strongly acidic to slightly alkaline). Sexual ramet clusters dominated in S. × niederederi populations, while the total number of ramets was highest in mixed ramet clusters. The cluster × site interaction had a significant effect on the length and biomass of sexual ramets in hybrid populations. Moreover, we found a significant effect of the taxon × site interaction in the case of biomass of sexual ramets and synflorescences (capitula arranged in panicles). Based on the biomass of sexual shoots and synflorescences, the competitive abilities of the hybrid may be more or less similar to S. canadensis or S. virgaurea albeit depending on site conditions.
外来植物和本地植物物种之间的自发杂交种是外来类群,由于其高竞争能力或渗入性,它们威胁着本地生物多样性。因此,我们测试了土壤条件、海拔和分株簇(芽的克隆丛)类型对Solidago×niedereri有性和无性分株的影响,Solidago是外来入侵S.canadensis和本地S.virgaurea的杂交种。我们还分别在波兰东北部和南部的10个地点测试了杂交种及其亲本物种的性分株大小与栖息地条件之间的关系。杂交种及其亲本出现在质地广泛(沙子、壤土、沙壤土、粉质壤土和壤土)、pH值(从强酸到微碱性)的矿物土壤上。有性分株群在S.×niedereri群体中占主导地位,而混合分株群的分株总数最高。聚类×位点相互作用对杂交群体性分株的长度和生物量有显著影响。此外,我们还发现,在性分株和绒毛膜(头状花序排列在圆锥花序中)的生物量的情况下,分类单元×位点的相互作用具有显著影响。根据性芽和绒毛膜的生物量,杂交种的竞争能力可能或多或少与加拿大S.canadensis或S.virgaurea相似,尽管这取决于场地条件。
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引用次数: 0
Non-native fish species expand tacitly but rapidly toward upstream oxbow lakes along the longitudinal gradient Non-native鱼类种类沿纵向梯度向上游牛弓湖悄然而迅速地扩张
2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2023-06-13 DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.85.99296
Bingguo Dai, Junjiro N. Negishi, Kazuya Fujii, Md. Khorshed Alam, Zhongguan Jiang
The introduction of non-native fish species poses a threat to native assemblages in floodplain systems. Establishing oxbow lake-based conservation areas has been proposed as a practical approach to mitigate this threat. Previous studies have extensively discussed the effects of lateral connectivity between oxbow lakes and main channels on fish communities but overlooked the spatial longitudinal gradients of oxbow lakes on a broader spatial scale. Over the course of about ten years, the temporal changes in fish community diversity were estimated in 28 oxbow lakes along the Ishikari River in Hokkaido, Japan. The associations between these temporal variations and the locations of the lakes were then explored along a longitudinal spatial gradient. The results showed that upstream oxbow lakes underwent mild alterations to their species composition and maintained a high level of native uniqueness. In contrast, downstream oxbow lakes experienced intense species turnover and increased non-native fish diversity. Additionally, the dominance of non-native fish in downstream areas rapidly expanded upstream to a location 110 km from the source of the Ishikari River over the decade. It is emphasized that the lakes in the upper reaches were the only remaining refuges for native fish and should be prioritized in conservation efforts. Our study proposes the application of location and species contributions to regional community heterogeneity as indicators for highlighting native fish conservation areas.
外来鱼类的引入对洪泛区的本地鱼群构成威胁。建立以牛轭湖为基础的保护区已被提议作为减轻这种威胁的实用方法。以往的研究广泛讨论了牛轭湖与主河道横向连通性对鱼类群落的影响,但忽视了在更大的空间尺度上牛轭湖的空间纵向梯度。在大约10年的时间里,对日本北海道石kari河沿岸28个牛牛湖的鱼类群落多样性的时间变化进行了估计。然后沿着纵向空间梯度探索这些时间变化与湖泊位置之间的联系。结果表明,上游牛轭湖的物种组成发生了轻微的变化,并保持了高度的本地独特性。相比之下,下游的牛轭湖经历了强烈的物种更替和增加的非本地鱼类多样性。此外,在过去十年中,下游地区的非本地鱼类的优势迅速扩大到距离石kari河源头110公里的上游地区。强调上游的湖泊是本地鱼类仅存的避难所,应在保护工作中优先考虑。我们的研究建议应用地理位置和物种对区域群落异质性的贡献作为突出本地鱼类保护区的指标。
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引用次数: 0
Where in Europe is Chrysomya albiceps? Modelling present and future potential distributions 白金虫在欧洲哪里?建模当前和未来的潜在分布
IF 5.1 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2023-06-12 DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.85.96687
Sérgio J.M. Rodrigues-Filho, Fabrício dos Santos Lobato, Carlos Henrique Medeiros de Abreu, M. Rebelo
Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann, 1819), a species of blowfly (Diptera, Calliphoridae), historically distributed throughout Southern Europe, has recently dispersed to cooler regions in Europe, which is an intriguing phenomenon. In this work, we used Maxent software to formulate climate suitability using a machine learning technique to investigate this fact. The bioclimatic variables that best explained the climate suitability were Annual Mean Temperature (67.7%) and Temperature Annual Range (21.4%). We found that C. albiceps is climatically suitable for several parts of Europe, except for high altitude areas like the Swiss Alps. In warmer countries such as Portugal, Spain and Italy, the entire coastal territory was the most suitable for the species. Future scenario models show that in these eastern countries and some northern areas, climate suitability has increased. This increase is reinforced when comparing the gains and losses in climate suitability between the present-day model and the future scenario models. These changes are most likely caused by changes in temperature, which is the main explanatory factor among the tested variables, for the climate suitability. As one of the most important species in forensic contexts and a potential myiasis agent, the expansion of C. albiceps to new locations cannot be neglected, and its expansion must be carefully monitored.
黄粉蝶(Wiedemann,1819)是一种飞蝇(直翅目,丽蝇科),历史上分布在整个南欧,最近分散到欧洲较冷的地区,这是一个有趣的现象。在这项工作中,我们使用Maxent软件,使用机器学习技术来制定气候适宜性,以调查这一事实。最能解释气候适宜性的生物气候变量是年平均温度(67.7%)和年温度范围(21.4%)。我们发现白冰藻在气候上适合欧洲的几个地区,除了瑞士阿尔卑斯山等高海拔地区。在葡萄牙、西班牙和意大利等温暖的国家,整个沿海地区最适合该物种。未来的情景模型显示,在这些东部国家和一些北部地区,气候适宜性有所提高。当比较当前模型和未来情景模型在气候适宜性方面的收益和损失时,这种增长得到了加强。这些变化很可能是由温度的变化引起的,温度是测试变量中气候适宜性的主要解释因素。作为法医学背景下最重要的物种之一和潜在的蝇蛆病病原体,白念珠菌向新地点的扩张不容忽视,必须仔细监测其扩张。
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引用次数: 0
The rise of the Functional Response in invasion science: a systematic review The入侵科学中功能反应的兴起:系统回顾
IF 5.1 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2023-06-09 DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.85.98902
Larissa Faria, Ross N. Cuthbert, James W. E. Dickey, J. Jeschke, A. Ricciardi, J. Dick, J. Vitule
Predicting which non-native species will negatively impact biodiversity is a longstanding research priority. The Functional Response (FR; resource use in relation to availability) is a classical ecological concept that has been increasingly applied to quantify, assess and compare ecological impacts of non-native species. Despite this recent growth, an overview of applications and knowledge gaps across relevant contexts is currently lacking. We conducted a systematic review using a combination of terms regarding FR and invasion science to synthesise scientific studies that apply the FR approach in the field and to suggest new areas where it could have valuable applications. Trends of publications using FR in invasion science and publications about FR in general were compared through the Activity Index. Data were extracted from papers to reveal temporal, bibliographic, and geographic trends, patterns in study attributes such as type of interaction and habitat investigated, taxonomic groups used, and context-dependencies assessed. In total, 120 papers were included in the review. We identified substantial unevenness in the reporting of FRs in invasion science, despite a rapidly growing number of studies. To date, research has been geographically skewed towards North America and Europe, as well as towards predator-prey interactions in freshwater habitats. Most studies have focused on a few species of invertebrates and fishes. Species origin, life stage, environmental temperature and habitat complexity were the most frequently considered context-dependencies. We conclude that while the FR approach has thus far been narrowly applied, it has broad potential application in invasion science and can be used to test major hypotheses in this research field.
预测哪些非本土物种将对生物多样性产生负面影响是长期以来的研究重点。功能反应(FR;资源利用与可用性的关系)是一个经典的生态学概念,越来越多地被应用于量化、评估和比较非本土物种的生态影响。尽管最近出现了这种增长,但目前缺乏对相关背景下应用程序和知识差距的概述。我们结合FR和入侵科学的术语进行了系统审查,以综合在该领域应用FR方法的科学研究,并提出其可能具有宝贵应用的新领域。通过活动指数比较了入侵科学中使用FR的出版物和一般关于FR的出版物的趋势。从论文中提取数据,以揭示时间、目录和地理趋势,研究属性的模式,如所调查的相互作用类型和栖息地,使用的分类组,以及评估的上下文依赖性。共有120篇论文被纳入审查。尽管研究数量迅速增长,但我们发现入侵科学中FR的报告存在很大的不均衡性。迄今为止,研究在地理上偏向于北美和欧洲,以及淡水栖息地的捕食者-猎物相互作用。大多数研究都集中在少数几种无脊椎动物和鱼类上。物种起源、生活阶段、环境温度和栖息地复杂性是最常被考虑的上下文依赖性。我们的结论是,虽然FR方法迄今为止应用范围很窄,但它在入侵科学中有着广泛的潜在应用,可以用来检验该研究领域的主要假设。
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引用次数: 3
Negative and positive impacts of alien macrofungi: a global scale database 外来大型真菌的负面和正面影响:一个全球范围的数据库
IF 5.1 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2023-06-09 DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.85.101770
Miguel Monteiro, César Capinha, M. T. Ferreira, Martin A. Nuñez, L. Reino
Advances in ecological research during the last decades have led to an improved understanding of the impacts of alien species. Despite that, the effects of alien macrofungi have often received little attention and are still poorly understood. With the aim of reducing this knowledge gap, we compiled a database of the recorded socio-economic and environmental impacts of alien macrofungi. This database was compiled from all relevant sources we could identify, through an exhaustive literature review, considering the identity of known alien taxa and explicit indications of impacts of any kind. In total, 1440 records of both negative and positive impacts were collected for 374 distinct species in different regions of all continents, except Antarctica. The most frequently recorded impacts are related to the mutualistic interactions that these fungi can form with their host plants. In total 47.8% of all records refer to the indirect negative effect of these interactions, by facilitating the colonization of invasive plants, while 38.5% refer to their positive contribution to the growth of forestry species. Less frequently recorded negative impacts included ectomycorrhizal interactions with native plants, plant pathogenicity and human poisoning after ingestion. Additional positive impacts include the use as a food source by native species and human populations and commercial exploitation. Alien macrofungi are an increasingly prevalent component of human-dominated ecosystems, having a diverse array of negative and positive impacts on native biota and human population. Our database provided a first step towards the quantification and mapping of these impacts.
在过去的几十年里,生态学研究的进展使人们对外来物种的影响有了更好的了解。尽管如此,外来大型真菌的影响通常很少受到关注,人们对其了解也很少。为了缩小这种知识差距,我们编制了一个记录在案的外来大型真菌的社会经济和环境影响的数据库。该数据库是根据我们可以通过详尽的文献综述确定的所有相关来源编制的,考虑到已知外来分类群的身份和任何类型影响的明确迹象。除南极洲外,各大洲不同地区共收集了374个不同物种的1440份负面和正面影响记录。最频繁记录的影响与这些真菌与其宿主植物形成的互惠相互作用有关。总的来说,47.8%的记录提到了这些相互作用的间接负面影响,通过促进入侵植物的定植,而38.5%的记录提到它们对林业物种生长的积极贡献。较少记录的负面影响包括外生菌根与本地植物的相互作用、植物致病性和摄入后的人类中毒。其他积极影响包括本地物种和人口将其用作食物来源以及商业开发。外来大型真菌是人类主导的生态系统中越来越普遍的组成部分,对本地生物群和人类种群产生了各种各样的负面和积极影响。我们的数据库为量化和绘制这些影响的地图迈出了第一步。
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引用次数: 0
Native plant community characteristics explain alien species success in post-industrial vegetation Native植物群落特征解释了外来物种在后工业植被中的成功
IF 5.1 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2023-05-19 DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.85.97269
Q. A. Anibaba, M. Dyderski, Gabriela Woźniak, A. Jagodziński
Biological invasions are one of the major challenges to the restoration of post-mining sites. Most post-mining sites are under technical reclamation with only a few left to spontaneous vegetation processes. Therefore, we know little about alien plant species on spontaneously-vegetated post-coal mine heaps and how native community characteristics predict their establishment. To fill the knowledge gap, we aimed to determine the drivers of alien species colonisation on post-coal mine heaps. Specifically, we asked: (i) Which alien species are the most successful on post-coal mine heaps and why? (ii) What are the drivers of alien species richness and cover, and how are they affected by the native community? (iii) What does it mean for predicting threats from alien species and management? We recorded vascular plant species and their abundance across 400 plots on post-coal mine heaps in Upper Silesia, Poland. We calculated plant community taxonomic and functional characteristics and, using mixed-effects models, we estimated predictors of alien species richness and cover. We found 65 alien species on post-coal mine heaps, comprising 20.4% of all recorded species, including 36 neophytes and 29 archaeophytes. Amongst them – Erigeron canadensis, Solidago gigantea, Solidago canadensis, Erigeron annuus and Impatiens parviflora – were the most frequent on the studied heaps. We showed that native functional richness significantly predicts alien species richness and cover. Similarly, native community-weighted mean (CWM) seed mass and plant height predict alien species cover. However, CWM of specific leaf area for native species marginally predicts alien species richness. We showed that alien species cover decreases with native species cover. Our findings revealed the ecological significance of niche-filling and the biotic acceptance hypotheses on post-coal mine heaps. We demonstrated how exploring native community characteristics can help in understanding the invasibility and management of post-industrial vegetation.
生物入侵是恢复采矿后遗址的主要挑战之一。大多数开采后的场地都在进行技术复垦,只有少数场地处于自发植被过程中。因此,我们对煤矿后自然植被堆上的外来植物物种以及本地群落特征如何预测其建立知之甚少。为了填补知识空白,我们旨在确定外来物种在后煤矿堆上殖民的驱动因素。具体来说,我们问:(i)哪些外来物种在后煤矿堆上最成功,为什么?(ii)外来物种丰富度和覆盖率的驱动因素是什么,它们如何受到本地社区的影响?(iii)这对预测外来物种的威胁和管理意味着什么?我们记录了波兰上西里西亚煤矿后堆积的400个地块上的维管植物物种及其丰度。我们计算了植物群落的分类和功能特征,并使用混合效应模型,估计了外来物种丰富度和覆盖率的预测因素。我们在后煤矿堆上发现了65种外来物种,占所有记录物种的20.4%,包括36种新生植物和29种古生植物。其中,加拿大飞蓬、大花一枝、加拿大一枝、一年生飞蓬和小花凤仙花是研究堆中最常见的。我们发现,本地功能丰富度显著预测外来物种的丰富度和覆盖率。同样,本地群落加权平均种子质量和植物高度可以预测外来物种的覆盖率。然而,本地物种特定叶面积的CWM在一定程度上预测了外来物种的丰富度。我们发现外来物种的覆盖率随着本地物种的覆盖而降低。我们的研究结果揭示了生态位填充的生态学意义和后煤矿堆的生物接受假说。我们展示了探索原生群落特征如何有助于理解后工业植被的入侵性和管理。
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引用次数: 3
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Neobiota
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