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Weed wide web: characterising illegal online trade of invasive plants in Australia 杂草网:澳大利亚入侵植物非法网上交易的特点
IF 5.1 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2023-08-11 DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.87.104472
Jacob Maher, O. Stringham, Stephanie Moncayo, Lisa Wood, Charlotte R. Lassaline, J. Virtue, P. Cassey
Invasive plants seriously impact our environmental, agricultural and forestry assets, and the ornamental plant trade is a major introduction pathway. The variety and extent of the ornamental plant trade is growing in reach and is increasingly facilitated by the internet (i.e., through e-commerce). A lack of surveillance and regulation of e-commerce has resulted in invasive species being widely traded on these platforms. Here, we investigated the extent of illegal trade in invasive plant species in Australia by collecting advertisements found on a popular public e-commerce website. Across a 12-month period we collected a total of 235,162 plant advertisements. From 10,000 of these advertisements (4.25% of total advertisements) we found 155 plant taxa advertised online that were prohibited to trade in at least one Australian State or Territory (12.5% of Australia’s total prohibited plant taxa). We detected 1,415 instances of invasive plants advertised, of which 411 breached local jurisdictional (i.e., State or Territory) laws. Opuntia cacti and invasive aquatic plants were traded in the greatest quantities. A variety of uses for plants prohibited to trade were reported by the sellers, with aquatic uses being the most popular (i.e., water filtering and habitat for aquatic animals). We used generalised linear mixed-effects models to test the effect of prohibiting the sale of invasive plants on the quantity and price of online advertisements. Despite Australia’s strict internal biosecurity regulations, we found that trade prohibitions had no influence on the quantity and price of trade in illegal invasive plants. Given this, and the extent of illegal invasive plants traded, we believe increased monitoring and regulation of online plant trade is warranted. We demonstrate that targeted searches using string matching is an effective tool for detecting e-commerce trade of invasive species. However, to obtain the most optimal outcomes, regulations should be coupled with increased cooperation from e-commerce platforms and public awareness campaigns. Future weed risk assessments should consider online trade as a key factor in the long-distance dispersal and propagule pressure of a plant. Jurisdictions would also benefit from greater alignment on plant trade prohibitions and revision of associated compliance policies.
入侵植物严重影响我们的环境、农业和林业资产,观赏植物贸易是主要的引进途径。观赏植物贸易的种类和范围越来越广,互联网(即通过电子商务)也越来越便利。由于缺乏对电子商务的监督和监管,入侵物种在这些平台上被广泛交易。在这里,我们通过收集流行的公共电子商务网站上的广告,调查了澳大利亚入侵植物物种的非法贸易程度。在12个月的时间里,我们总共收集了235162个植物广告。从这些广告中的10000个(占总广告的4.25%),我们发现155个在网上广告的植物分类群在至少一个澳大利亚州或地区被禁止交易(占澳大利亚被禁止植物分类群总数的12.5%)。我们检测到1415例广告中的入侵植物,其中411例违反了当地管辖(即州或地区)法律。仙人掌和入侵水生植物的交易量最大。卖家报告了禁止交易的植物的各种用途,其中水生用途最受欢迎(即滤水和水生动物栖息地)。我们使用广义线性混合效应模型来测试禁止销售入侵植物对网络广告数量和价格的影响。尽管澳大利亚有严格的内部生物安全法规,但我们发现贸易禁令对非法入侵植物的贸易数量和价格没有影响。鉴于此,以及非法入侵植物交易的程度,我们认为有必要加强对在线植物交易的监测和监管。我们证明,使用字符串匹配的定向搜索是检测入侵物种电子商务交易的有效工具。然而,为了获得最佳结果,监管应与电子商务平台和公众宣传活动的加强合作相结合。未来的杂草风险评估应将在线交易视为植物远距离扩散和繁殖压力的关键因素。各管辖区还将受益于植物贸易禁令的更大一致性和相关合规政策的修订。
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引用次数: 1
Comparative mitogenomics of native European and alien Ponto-Caspian amphipods Comparative原生欧洲和外来蓬托-里海片脚类动物的有丝分裂基因组学
IF 5.1 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2023-08-09 DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.87.105941
Jan-Niklas Macher, Eglė Šidagytė-Copilas, D. Copilaș‐Ciocianu
European inland surface waters are home to a rich diversity of native amphipod crustaceans, many of which face threats from invasive Ponto-Caspian counterparts. In this study, we analyse mitochondrial genomes to deduce phylogenetic relationships and compare gene order and nucleotide composition between representative native European and invasive Ponto-Caspian taxa across five families, ten genera and 20 species (with 13 newly sequenced herein). We observe various gene rearrangement patterns in the phylogenetically diverse native species pool. Pallaseopsis quadrispinosa and Synurella ambulans exhibit notable deviations from the typical organisation, featuring extensive translocations of tRNAs and the nad1 gene, as well as a tRNA-F polarity switch in the latter. The monophyletic invasive Ponto-Caspian gammarids display a conserved gene order, primarily differing from native species by a tRNA-E and tRNA-R translocation, which reinforces previous findings. However, Chaetogammarus warpachowskyi shows extensive rearrangement with translocations of six tRNAs. The invasive corophiid, Chelicorophium curvispinum, maintains a highly conserved gene order despite its distant phylogenetic position. We also discover that native species have a significantly higher GC and lower AT content compared to invasive species. The mitogenomic differences observed between native and invasive amphipods warrant further investigation and could provide insights into the mechanisms underlying invasion success.
欧洲内陆地表水是丰富多样的本地片脚类甲壳类动物的家园,其中许多都面临着来自入侵的蓬托-里海同类的威胁。在这项研究中,我们分析了线粒体基因组来推断系统发育关系,并比较了5科、10属和20种(其中13种是新测序的)具有代表性的欧洲本土和入侵的蓬托-里海分类群的基因顺序和核苷酸组成。我们观察到不同的基因重排模式在系统发育不同的本地物种池。四足Pallaseopsis quadrispinosa和山缕草(Synurella ambulans)表现出与典型组织的显著差异,其特征是trna和nad1基因的广泛易位,以及后者的tRNA-F极性开关。单系入侵的Ponto-Caspian gammarids表现出保守的基因序列,主要与本地物种的tRNA-E和tRNA-R易位不同,这加强了先前的研究结果。然而,Chaetogammarus warpachowskyi表现出广泛的重排,6个trna易位。入侵的corophhium Chelicorophium curvispinum,尽管其系统发育位置较远,但仍保持着高度保守的基因序列。我们还发现,与入侵种相比,本地种的GC含量明显高于入侵种,AT含量明显低于入侵种。观察到的本土和入侵片脚类之间的有丝分裂基因组差异值得进一步研究,并可能为入侵成功的机制提供见解。
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引用次数: 0
Flowers of Impatiens glandulifera as hubs for both pollinators and pathogens 作为传粉者和病原体的枢纽Flowers的凤仙花
IF 5.1 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2023-08-07 DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.87.102576
K. Najberek, W. Solarz, Wojciech Wysoczański, E. Wȩgrzyn, P. Olejniczak
Flower infestation by pathogens may influence pollination effectiveness. At the same time, by sharing infested flowers, pollinators increase transmission of pathogens. In the presented study we identified fungi that colonised flowers of the invasive alien Himalayan balsam Impatiens glandulifera, one of the most nectar rewarding plants in Europe, as well as its pollinators. We determined factors (e.g., plant size, length of flower lower sepal and the width of its entry, air temperature and sun illuminance) that affect pathogen species presence and pollinators numbers. The study was conducted in three regions in Poland differing in time from the I. glandulifera invasion onset. It allowed embedding our results in the context of the evolution of increased competitive ability (EICA) hypothesis. With reference to this hypothesis we tested whether I. glandulifera from the two younger populations are more frequently pollinated than individuals from the old one, which may be a result of the higher infection prevalence in the flowers of individuals from the latter population. Harmful primary pathogens of I. glandulifera (e.g., Botrytis cinerea and Fusarium graminearum) were identified from its flowers. Although the knowledge of the impact of the recorded pathogen species on the pollinators that transmit them is still limited, these pathogens are known to cause devastating diseases of native plant species and to incur significant economic losses in crops. Therefore, the facilitation of their transmission by I. glandulifera in the invaded communities may pose a serious threat both to native biodiversity and nearby crop production. We did not find support for the EICA hypothesis that flower release from pathogens may increase the pollinator’s activity. Bombus hortorum was the most frequent visitor in the youngest surveyed population, while B. pascuorum was most frequent in the two others. So far the dominance of B. hortorum as a pollinator of I. glandulifera has not been recorded. A possible explanation is that flowers in the youngest population, with significantly wider entries than in the two older ones, were more accessible for this large bumblebee. We suggest that the shifts in flower dimensions may result from the evolutionary processes and/or phenotypic plasticity; however, this suggestion needs to be confirmed in further studies. At the same time, it can be expected that exceptionally frequent visits of B. hortorum in flowers of I. glandulifera in the youngest population may contribute to increasing transmission rate of pathogen species to the new native host plants that are particularly associated with this pollinator.
病原菌对花的侵染可能影响授粉效果。同时,通过分享受感染的花朵,传粉者增加了病原体的传播。在这项研究中,我们发现了外来入侵的喜马拉雅凤仙花(Impatiens glandulifera)及其传粉者的花朵上的真菌,凤仙花是欧洲最能获得花蜜的植物之一。我们确定了影响病原菌种类存在和传粉者数量的因素(如植株大小、花的下萼片长度和入口宽度、空气温度和光照)。该研究是在波兰的三个地区进行的,在时间上不同于腺体蚜的入侵开始。它允许将我们的结果嵌入到竞争能力增强(EICA)假说的进化背景中。根据这一假设,我们检验了来自两个年轻种群的腺体花是否比来自老种群的个体更频繁地授粉,这可能是后者个体花的侵染率更高的结果。从其花中鉴定出有害的原发病原菌(如灰霉病菌和谷草镰刀菌)。虽然关于记录的病原体物种对传播它们的传粉媒介的影响的知识仍然有限,但已知这些病原体会对本地植物物种造成毁灭性疾病,并给作物造成重大经济损失。因此,它们在入侵群落中的传播可能会对当地生物多样性和附近作物生产造成严重威胁。我们没有发现支持EICA假设的证据,即花朵从病原体中释放可能会增加传粉者的活动。在最年轻的调查人群中,蜂窝蜂是最常见的访虫,而在其他两个调查人群中,牧草是最常见的。到目前为止,还没有记录到蜂状芽孢杆菌作为腺芽孢杆菌传粉者的优势地位。一种可能的解释是,在最年轻的种群中,花朵的入口比两个较老的种群要宽得多,这对大黄蜂来说更容易接近。我们认为,花尺寸的变化可能与进化过程和/或表型可塑性有关;然而,这一建议需要在进一步的研究中得到证实。与此同时,可以预期,在最年轻的种群中,蜂状芽孢杆菌在腺体花中的异常频繁的访问可能有助于增加病原体物种对与该传粉媒介特别相关的新本地寄主植物的传播率。
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引用次数: 1
High abundance but low diversity of floral visitors on invasive Heracleum mantegazzianum (Apiaceae) 入侵Heracleum mantegazzianum(Apiaceae)上花卉访客的高丰度但低多样性
IF 5.1 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2023-08-03 DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.86.100625
P. Bogusch, Terezie Vojtová, Jiří Hadrava
Currently, plant invasions affect native ecosystems across the Earth. Although much attention has already been paid to their effect on local communities, we still lack basic information on the associations between alien and local species. Here, we present the results of our survey of pollinators of the invasive plant Heracleum mantegazzianum (Apiaceae) in central Europe. At 20 sites within the westernmost part of the Czech Republic, which is strongly affected by the invasion of H. mantegazzianum, pollinators on the flowers of H. mantegazzianum were examined and compared to the species composition of pollinators on native vegetation in the surrounding area. While the flowers of H. mantegazzianum were frequently visited by high abundance of insects, the communities of H. mantegazzianum pollinators were relatively species poor, and the proportion of abundances of H. mantegazzianum pollinators was very uneven, with few species of generalist Diptera and the honey bee (Apis mellifera) dominating over all other flower visitors. Significantly larger species of the family Syrphidae visited flowers of giant hogweed than of other plants. Thus, giant hogweed is not a necessary part of flower communities for flower visiting insects, and it should be eradicated because of its negative effects on other plants, landscape and humans. Our results highlight the need for more detailed studies on direct interactions between alien plant species and native pollinator communities as well as indirect interactions between alien plants and native plants through competition for pollinators.
目前,植物入侵影响着整个地球的原生生态系统。尽管人们已经非常关注它们对当地社区的影响,但我们仍然缺乏关于外来物种和当地物种之间联系的基本信息。在这里,我们介绍了我们对中欧入侵植物Heracleum mantegazzianum(Apiaceae)传粉昆虫的调查结果。在捷克共和国最西部的20个地点,受到H.mantegazzianum入侵的强烈影响,对H.mantegazianum花朵上的传粉昆虫进行了检查,并将其与周围地区原生植被上传粉昆虫的物种组成进行了比较。虽然曼特加齐亚努姆的花朵经常被大量昆虫造访,但曼特加齐亚努姆传粉昆虫群落的物种相对较少,曼特加齐亚努传粉昆虫的丰度比例非常不均衡,只有少数种类的广义直翅目昆虫和蜜蜂(Apis mellifera)占主导地位。与其他植物相比,大得多的水貂科物种造访了巨型猪草的花朵。因此,巨型猪草不是访花昆虫花群落的必要组成部分,它应该被根除,因为它对其他植物、景观和人类都有负面影响。我们的研究结果强调,需要对外来植物物种与本地传粉昆虫群落之间的直接相互作用以及外来植物与本地植物之间通过争夺传粉昆虫的间接相互作用进行更详细的研究。
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引用次数: 0
Assessing the risk of invasion by a vineyard moth pest guild Assessing葡萄园蛀虫公会入侵的风险
IF 5.1 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2023-07-20 DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.86.100579
Héctor Zumbado‐Ulate, T. Schartel, G. Simmons, M. Daugherty
Biological invasions are most effectively managed when identified in their early stages, which often hinges on robust surveillance programs. The recent invasion of the European grapevine moth (Lobesia botrana) in California suggests that viticultural areas in the western United States may face severe economic consequences from this and other Tortricid and Pyralid moth species if they were to establish. To gain insights into the risk these grapevine pests pose, we used occurrence records for L. botrana and four other moths native to Europe or the eastern United States and selected environmental variables to predict the extent of climatically suitable areas and potential pest co-occurrence along the West Coast of the United States. A suite of models was generated using MaxEnt with species-specific tuning of model settings. Overall, the results confirmed high suitability for L. botrana to establish across much of the study region, driven largely by high monthly variability in precipitation and low elevation. Two species were predicted to have intermediate suitability to establish over the study region (i.e., grape tortrix moth, Argyrotaenia ljungiana; grape berry moth, Paralobesia viteana), while two others had low suitability (i.e., European grape berry moth, Eupoecilia ambiguella; Christmas berry webworm, Cryptoblabes gnidiella). The highest predicted potential for co-occurrence was between L. botrana and P. viteana, accounting for 19% of the total viticulture area, followed by L. botrana and A. ljungiana for 11% of the study area. These results may help with the optimization of surveillance efforts by indicating which species or areas should be prioritized for the deployment of invasive pest detection programs with pheromone traps. Indeed, given the apparent potential for co-occurrence of multiple moth pests in certain areas, our results may inform where single or multi-lure traps should be deployed as a more cost-efficient monitoring tool.
当生物入侵在早期阶段被识别时,可以最有效地管理,这通常取决于强有力的监测计划。最近欧洲葡萄蛾(Lobesia botrana)在加利福尼亚州的入侵表明,美国西部的葡萄栽培区如果要建立,可能会面临这种蛾类和其他自相残杀蛾和梨蛾类的严重经济后果。为了深入了解这些葡萄害虫带来的风险,我们使用了原产于欧洲或美国东部的L.botrana和其他四种蛾类的发生记录,并选择了环境变量来预测气候适宜地区的范围和美国西海岸潜在的害虫共现。使用MaxEnt生成了一套模型,并对模型设置进行了特定于物种的调整。总的来说,研究结果证实了L.botrana在研究区域的大部分地区都很适合建立,这主要是由于降雨量和海拔的高月变化性。据预测,有两个物种在研究区域内具有中等的适宜性(即,葡萄龟甲蛾,Argyrotaenia ljungana;葡萄浆果蛾,Paralobesia viteana),而另外两个物种的适宜性较低(即,欧洲葡萄浆果蛾Eupoecilia ambiguella;圣诞浆果webworm,Cryptoblabes gnidiella)。预测的共生潜力最高的是L.botrana和P.viteana,占葡萄栽培总面积的19%,其次是L.botlana和A.ljungana,占研究面积的11%。这些结果可能有助于优化监测工作,表明哪些物种或地区应优先部署带有信息素陷阱的入侵性害虫检测程序。事实上,考虑到在某些地区多种蛾类害虫共存的明显可能性,我们的研究结果可能会告诉我们,作为一种更具成本效益的监测工具,应该在哪里部署单诱饵或多诱饵诱捕器。
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引用次数: 0
lydemapr: an R package to track the spread of the invasive spotted lanternfly (Lycorma delicatula, White 1845) (Hemiptera, Fulgoridae) in the United States lydemapr:一个追踪入侵斑灯蝇(Lycorma delicatula, White 1845)(半翅目,斑灯蝇科)在美国传播的R包
IF 5.1 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2023-07-20 DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.86.101471
Sebastiano De Bona, Lawrence Barringer, Paul Kurtz, Jay Losiewicz, Gregory R. Parra, Matthew R. Helmus
A crucial asset in the management of invasive species is the open-access sharing of data on the range of invaders and the progression of their spread. Such data should be current, comprehensive, consistent and standardised, to support reproducible and comparable forecasting efforts amongst multiple researchers and managers. Here, we present the lydemapr R package containing spatiotemporal data and mapping functions to visualise the current spread of the spotted lanternfly (Lycorma delicatula, White 1841) in the Western Hemisphere. The spotted lanternfly is a forest and agricultural pest in the eastern Mid-Atlantic Region of the U.S., where it was first discovered in 2014. As of 2023, it has been found in 14 states according to State and Federal Departments of Agriculture. However, the lack of easily accessible, fine-scale data on its spread hampers research and management efforts. We obtained multiple memoranda-of-understanding from several agencies and citizen-science projects, gaining access to their internal data on spotted lanternfly point observations. We then cleaned, harmonised, anonymised and combined the individual data sources into a single comprehensive dataset. The resulting dataset contains spatial data gridded at the 1 km2 resolution, with yearly information on the presence/absence of spotted lanternflies, establishment status and population density across 658,390 observations. The lydemapr package will aid researchers, managers and the public in their understanding, modelling and managing of the spread of this invasive pest.
A入侵物种管理的关键资产是开放获取共享有关入侵者范围及其传播进程的数据。这些数据应该是最新的、全面的、一致的和标准化的,以支持多个研究人员和管理人员之间可重复和可比较的预测工作。在这里,我们展示了lydemapr R软件包,其中包含时空数据和映射功能,以可视化斑点灯笼蝇(Lycorma delicatula, White 1841)在西半球的当前传播。斑点灯笼蝇是美国中大西洋地区东部的一种森林和农业害虫,于2014年首次被发现。根据州和联邦农业部的数据,截至2023年,已经在14个州发现了这种病毒。然而,缺乏易于获取的关于其传播的精细数据阻碍了研究和管理工作。我们从几个机构和公民科学项目获得了多个谅解备忘录,获得了他们关于斑点灯笼点观测的内部数据。然后,我们清理、协调、匿名并将单个数据源合并为一个综合数据集。由此产生的数据集包含以1 km2分辨率网格化的空间数据,其中包含658,390次观测中斑点灯笼蝇的存在/不存在、建立状态和种群密度的年度信息。lydemapr软件包将帮助研究人员、管理人员和公众理解、建模和管理这种入侵性害虫的传播。
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引用次数: 0
The use of species traits in invasive seaweed research: a systematic review 物种特征在入侵海藻研究中的应用:系统综述
IF 5.1 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2023-07-10 DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.86.97392
A. Mabey, M. Rius, D. Smale, J. Catford
Species traits have been used extensively in invasion science, providing common metrics across taxa and ecosystems that enable comparisons based on the functional responses and effects of biota. However, most work on traits in invasion science has focused on terrestrial plants, despite the vulnerability of aquatic ecosystems to invasive species, such as invasive seaweeds. Research that focuses on individual species of invasive seaweeds has intensified in recent years, yet few studies have synthesised the information learned on species traits to identify commonalities or knowledge gaps in invasion science. Through a systematic review of 322 papers that investigate the traits of seaweed species from across the globe, here we ask – what are the trends and gaps in research that investigates traits of invasive seaweeds? To address this question, we aimed to: (1) identify publication rates and characteristics of the studies examining traits of invasive seaweeds; (2) clarify which and how many species have been investigated; and (3) assess which traits have been measured and how those traits have been used. Our review revealed that study regions for research on invasive seaweed traits were concentrated in Europe and North America. In addition, we found a total of 158 species that have been investigated, with a large proportion of studies (35%) focusing on just two species, Sargassum muticum and Undaria pinnatifida. Our study revealed that the most researched traits were morphological, which were used to address a wide range of research questions. Key research gaps included relatively few studies from Africa, Asia and South America, a lack of papers researching more than one species and a lack of measurements of biomechanical traits. Altogether, this review provides a thorough overview of research progress on species traits of invasive seaweeds and highlights the existing knowledge gaps that may lead to new ways in which the traits of invasive seaweeds can be used to answer important ecological questions.
物种特征在入侵科学中得到了广泛的应用,为分类群和生态系统提供了通用的指标,可以根据生物群的功能反应和影响进行比较。然而,入侵科学中大多数关于特征的研究都集中在陆地植物上,尽管水生生态系统对入侵物种(如入侵海藻)很脆弱。近年来,专注于入侵海藻个体物种的研究有所加强,但很少有研究综合了解到的物种特征信息,以确定入侵科学中的共性或知识差距。通过对全球322篇调查海藻物种特征的论文的系统综述,我们想问——在调查入侵海藻特征的研究中,趋势和差距是什么?为了解决这个问题,我们的目标是:(1)确定入侵海藻特征研究的发表率和特征;(2) 澄清调查了哪些物种以及调查了多少物种;以及(3)评估哪些特征已经被测量以及这些特征是如何被使用的。我们的综述显示,研究入侵海藻特征的研究区域集中在欧洲和北美。此外,我们发现共有158个物种被调查,其中很大一部分(35%)的研究仅集中在两个物种上,马尾藻和裙带菜。我们的研究表明,研究最多的性状是形态学,用于解决广泛的研究问题。主要的研究差距包括来自非洲、亚洲和南美洲的研究相对较少,缺乏研究一个以上物种的论文,以及缺乏生物力学特征的测量。总之,这篇综述全面概述了入侵海藻物种特征的研究进展,并强调了现有的知识差距,这些知识差距可能会导致利用入侵海藻的特征来回答重要生态问题的新方法。
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引用次数: 0
Alien ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) on a quest to conquer Greece: a review including an updated species checklist and guidance for future research Alien蚂蚁(膜翅目,蚁科)在一个探索征服希腊:一个审查,包括一个更新的物种清单和指导未来的研究
IF 5.1 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2023-07-10 DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.86.98157
J. Demetriou, C. Georgiadis, Evangelos Koutsoukos, L. Borowiec, S. Salata
Biological invasions represent one of the main drivers of biodiversity loss with adverse impacts on human societies, economies and public health. More than 500 ant species have been transported outside their native range with the help of humans, while the majority of them have managed to establish viable populations in the wild. Nevertheless, data from the Mediterranean region suggest that most alien ants occupy anthropogenic habitats with little spread in semi-natural and natural habitats. Research on biological invasions of ants in Greece had previously identified a total of 15 alien ant species. In this article, an extensive literature investigation and material examination provide a revised checklist of the alien myrmecofauna of Greece. Although the number of alien ant species remains the same, the checklist’s composition is largely altered to provide an up-to-date overview of the country’s alien myrmecofauna in order to enhance management decisions and future research. The presence and distribution of alien ants within Greek administrative divisions, NATURA 2000 sites and Corine Land Cover types are analysed and presented. In particular, the species richness of alien ants seems to be highest in the Aegean Archipelago (Crete and Southern Aegean Islands) probably due to uneven collecting efforts and increased climatic suitability. Alien ant species are mostly associated with anthropogenic habitats including urban and agricultural areas, although a significant percentage has managed to spread into forest and semi-natural areas, including protected NATURA 2000 sites. Future research directions enhancing the monitoring of alien ants and their impacts are indicated to safeguard native ant biodiversity and conservation efforts of rare and endemic taxa.
生物入侵是生物多样性丧失的主要驱动因素之一,对人类社会、经济和公共健康产生不利影响。在人类的帮助下,500多种蚂蚁已经被转移到了它们的原生栖息地之外,而其中大多数蚂蚁已经在野外建立了可行的种群。然而,来自地中海地区的数据表明,大多数外来蚂蚁占据了人为栖息地,在半自然和自然栖息地几乎没有分布。此前,对希腊蚂蚁生物入侵的研究共发现了15种外来蚂蚁。在这篇文章中,广泛的文献调查和材料审查提供了一份修订的希腊外来myrmcofauna清单。尽管外来蚂蚁物种的数量保持不变,但检查表的组成在很大程度上发生了变化,以提供该国外来蚁类的最新概况,从而加强管理决策和未来的研究。分析并介绍了外来蚂蚁在希腊行政区划、NATURA 2000遗址和Corine土地覆盖类型内的存在和分布。特别是,外来蚂蚁的物种丰富度似乎在爱琴海群岛(克里特岛和爱琴海南部岛屿)最高,这可能是由于采集工作不均衡和气候适应性增强。外来蚂蚁物种大多与包括城市和农业地区在内的人类栖息地有关,尽管有很大一部分已经扩散到森林和半自然地区,包括NATURA 2000保护区。未来的研究方向是加强对外来蚂蚁及其影响的监测,以保护本地蚂蚁的生物多样性以及稀有和特有类群的保护工作。
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引用次数: 1
HELLAS-ALIENS. The invasive alien species of Greece: time trends, origin and pathways 地狱般的谎言。希腊外来入侵物种:时间趋势、起源和途径
IF 5.1 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2023-07-07 DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.86.101778
M. Arianoutsou, C. Adamopoulou, P. Andriopoulos, I. Bazos, A. Christopoulou, Alexandros Galanidis, E. Kalogianni, P. Karachle, Y. Kokkoris, A. Martinou, A. Zenetos, A. Zikos
The current paper presents the first effort to organize a comprehensive review of the Invasive Alien Species (IAS) of Greece. For this purpose, a database was developed with fields of information on the taxonomy, origin, ecology and pathways of introduction of terrestrial, freshwater and marine species. Our database includes a) taxa in the Union’s list that are present in Greece, b) taxa already present in Greece and considered to be invasive, and c) taxa highly likely to enter Greece in the next 10 years and become invasive. The Database served as the starting point for the compilation of the National List of Alien Invasive Species (HELLAS-ALIENS) in compliance with the EU Regulation 1143/2014. Overall, the HELLAS-ALIENS comprises 126 species, i.e. 32 terrestrial and freshwater plant species, 14 terrestrial invertebrates, 28 terrestrial vertebrates, 30 freshwater fishes and invertebrates and 22 marine species. Terrestrial invertebrates, birds and mammals are mainly of Asiatic origin. Most of the terrestrial plants have their native geographical distribution in the Americas (North and South). Most of the freshwater invertebrates and fishes are of North American origin, while the majority of the marine species are of Indo-Pacific origin. The first records of IAS concern terrestrial plant species, and date back to the 19th century, while those in freshwater and marine ecosystems seem to have been systematically recorded some decades later. Regarding the pathways of introduction, most of the taxa arrived in Greece or are expected to arrive through escape from confinement and unaided. The majority of the terrestrial, freshwater and marine species have been evaluated as of High-risk for the indigenous biodiversity and only 3% of the species listed have been evaluated of Low-risk. Our results provide an important baseline for management and action plans, as required by the priorities set by the European Union through the Biodiversity Strategy for 2030.
本论文首次对希腊外来入侵物种(IAS)进行了全面审查。为此,开发了一个数据库,其中包括陆地、淡水和海洋物种的分类学、起源、生态学和引入途径等信息领域。我们的数据库包括a)欧盟名单中存在于希腊的分类群,b)已经存在于希腊并被认为是入侵性的分类群和c)在未来10年内极有可能进入希腊并成为入侵性的类群。该数据库是根据欧盟第1143/2014号条例编制《国家外来入侵物种名录》的起点。总的来说,HELLAS-ALIENS包括126种物种,即32种陆地和淡水植物、14种陆地无脊椎动物、28种陆地脊椎动物、30种淡水鱼类和无脊椎动物以及22种海洋物种。陆生无脊椎动物、鸟类和哺乳动物主要起源于亚洲。大多数陆生植物的原生地理分布在美洲(北部和南部)。大多数淡水无脊椎动物和鱼类起源于北美,而大多数海洋物种起源于印度洋-太平洋。IAS的第一次记录涉及陆地植物物种,可以追溯到19世纪,而淡水和海洋生态系统中的植物物种似乎在几十年后才有系统的记录。关于引入途径,大多数分类群抵达希腊,或预计通过逃离禁闭和无人帮助的方式抵达。大多数陆地、淡水和海洋物种已被评估为本地生物多样性的高风险物种,只有3%的物种被评估为低风险物种。我们的成果为管理和行动计划提供了重要的基线,这是欧盟通过《2030年生物多样性战略》确定的优先事项所要求的。
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引用次数: 2
The relationship between naturalized alien and native plant species: insights from oceanic islands of the south-east Pacific over the last 200 years The归化的外来和本地植物物种之间的关系:过去200年来来自东南太平洋海洋岛屿的见解
IF 5.1 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2023-07-07 DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.86.102661
Luis Cáceres-Polgrossi, Maura Di Rico, D. Parra, H. Seebens, Stephen D. Galvin, Hans Juergen Boehmer
Aim: The relationship between native and naturalized alien species has been widely studied, particularly across large geographic scales. However, our knowledge of the spatial and temporal variations of their relationships is still limited, particularly for remote oceanic islands such as those of the south-east Pacific and across islands and archipelagos. In this study, we aim to assess the relationships between native and naturalized alien species by analyzing their current patterns of species-area relationships at different spatial scales, in addition to temporal variations in species richness, over the last 200 years. Area: One island (Rapa Nui) and two archipelagos (Juan Fernandez and Desventuradas Islands) comprising a total of 11 oceanic islands of the south-east Pacific (OISEP). Methods: We assembled the most comprehensive dataset of the vascular flora of the OISEP from currently available island flora checklists and updated with recent publications. Each plant species was classified as being native or naturalized alien. We examined temporal changes by estimating species richness, naturalization rates and naturalized-to-native ratios over time based on the first collection year of each naturalized alien species. Then, we determined the best shape of naturalized alien species richness accumulation over time by contrasting the fit of lineal, exponential, sigmoidal and Weibull regressions. Finally, we analyzed the relationships between native and naturalized species firstly at the inter-archipelagic scale by fitting island species-area relationship models and secondly at the island scale by performing ranged major axis regression analysis on residual values. Results: The OISEP flora dataset contained 674 species of which 282 were native and 392 were naturalized alien. Native island species-area relationships were similar to those of the naturalized alien species. Naturalized alien species richness increased notably through time with two clear peaks in 1950 and 2000. A Weibull regression and an exponential shape over time were the most appropriate fits for naturalized alien species richness accumulations at the inter-archipelagic scale, which further emphasizes the notable increase in naturalized alien species richness experienced in the timeframe examined here. Main conclusions: The relationship between naturalized alien species richness and native species richness was found to be independent of the geographic scale. The number of naturalized alien species clearly exceeded the number of native species on most islands but also for the whole OISEP. The accumulation of newly detected naturalized alien species does not show any sign of saturation and it is likely that new species will arrive in the future. Increased efforts on monitoring, prevention and biosecurity are needed to halt biological invasions on these unique island ecosystems.
目的:本地和归化外来物种之间的关系已经被广泛研究,特别是在大的地理范围内。然而,我们对它们关系的空间和时间变化的了解仍然有限,特别是对于偏远的海洋岛屿,如东南太平洋的岛屿以及跨岛屿和群岛的岛屿。在这项研究中,我们的目的是通过分析过去200年来,除了物种丰富度的时间变化外,不同空间尺度上的物种-区域关系的当前模式,来评估本地和归化外来物种之间的关系。地区:一个岛屿(拉帕努伊)和两个群岛(胡安·费尔南德斯和德斯文图拉达斯群岛),共包括11个东南太平洋海洋岛屿(OISEP)。方法:我们从目前可用的岛屿植物群清单中收集了OISEP血管植物群的最全面数据集,并根据最新出版物进行了更新。每种植物都被分类为本地或归化的外来物种。我们根据每个归化外来物种的第一个采集年份,通过估计物种丰富度、归化率和归化与本地比率来研究时间变化。然后,我们通过对比线性回归、指数回归、S型回归和威布尔回归的拟合,确定了归化外来物种丰富度随时间积累的最佳形状。最后,我们首先在群岛间尺度上通过拟合岛屿-物种-面积关系模型来分析原生物种和归化物种之间的关系,其次在岛屿尺度上通过对残差值进行区间主轴回归分析来分析原生种和归化种之间的关系。结果:OISEP植物区系数据集包含674种,其中282种为本地物种,392种为归化外来物种。本地岛屿物种-区域关系与归化外来物种相似。随着时间的推移,归化外来物种的丰富度显著增加,在1950年和2000年出现了两个明显的峰值。威布尔回归和随时间的指数形状是群岛间尺度上归化外来物种丰富度积累的最合适拟合,这进一步强调了在本文研究的时间段内归化外来物种丰度的显著增加。主要结论:归化外来物种丰富度和本地物种丰富度之间的关系与地理尺度无关。在大多数岛屿上,归化外来物种的数量明显超过了本地物种的数量,但在整个OISEP中也是如此。新发现的归化外来物种的积累没有显示出任何饱和的迹象,未来很可能会有新物种出现。需要加大监测、预防和生物安全力度,以阻止生物入侵这些独特的岛屿生态系统。
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引用次数: 0
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