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High abundance but low diversity of floral visitors on invasive Heracleum mantegazzianum (Apiaceae) 入侵Heracleum mantegazzianum(Apiaceae)上花卉访客的高丰度但低多样性
IF 5.1 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-08-03 DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.86.100625
P. Bogusch, Terezie Vojtová, Jiří Hadrava
Currently, plant invasions affect native ecosystems across the Earth. Although much attention has already been paid to their effect on local communities, we still lack basic information on the associations between alien and local species. Here, we present the results of our survey of pollinators of the invasive plant Heracleum mantegazzianum (Apiaceae) in central Europe. At 20 sites within the westernmost part of the Czech Republic, which is strongly affected by the invasion of H. mantegazzianum, pollinators on the flowers of H. mantegazzianum were examined and compared to the species composition of pollinators on native vegetation in the surrounding area. While the flowers of H. mantegazzianum were frequently visited by high abundance of insects, the communities of H. mantegazzianum pollinators were relatively species poor, and the proportion of abundances of H. mantegazzianum pollinators was very uneven, with few species of generalist Diptera and the honey bee (Apis mellifera) dominating over all other flower visitors. Significantly larger species of the family Syrphidae visited flowers of giant hogweed than of other plants. Thus, giant hogweed is not a necessary part of flower communities for flower visiting insects, and it should be eradicated because of its negative effects on other plants, landscape and humans. Our results highlight the need for more detailed studies on direct interactions between alien plant species and native pollinator communities as well as indirect interactions between alien plants and native plants through competition for pollinators.
目前,植物入侵影响着整个地球的原生生态系统。尽管人们已经非常关注它们对当地社区的影响,但我们仍然缺乏关于外来物种和当地物种之间联系的基本信息。在这里,我们介绍了我们对中欧入侵植物Heracleum mantegazzianum(Apiaceae)传粉昆虫的调查结果。在捷克共和国最西部的20个地点,受到H.mantegazzianum入侵的强烈影响,对H.mantegazianum花朵上的传粉昆虫进行了检查,并将其与周围地区原生植被上传粉昆虫的物种组成进行了比较。虽然曼特加齐亚努姆的花朵经常被大量昆虫造访,但曼特加齐亚努姆传粉昆虫群落的物种相对较少,曼特加齐亚努传粉昆虫的丰度比例非常不均衡,只有少数种类的广义直翅目昆虫和蜜蜂(Apis mellifera)占主导地位。与其他植物相比,大得多的水貂科物种造访了巨型猪草的花朵。因此,巨型猪草不是访花昆虫花群落的必要组成部分,它应该被根除,因为它对其他植物、景观和人类都有负面影响。我们的研究结果强调,需要对外来植物物种与本地传粉昆虫群落之间的直接相互作用以及外来植物与本地植物之间通过争夺传粉昆虫的间接相互作用进行更详细的研究。
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引用次数: 0
Assessing the risk of invasion by a vineyard moth pest guild Assessing葡萄园蛀虫公会入侵的风险
IF 5.1 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-07-20 DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.86.100579
Héctor Zumbado‐Ulate, T. Schartel, G. Simmons, M. Daugherty
Biological invasions are most effectively managed when identified in their early stages, which often hinges on robust surveillance programs. The recent invasion of the European grapevine moth (Lobesia botrana) in California suggests that viticultural areas in the western United States may face severe economic consequences from this and other Tortricid and Pyralid moth species if they were to establish. To gain insights into the risk these grapevine pests pose, we used occurrence records for L. botrana and four other moths native to Europe or the eastern United States and selected environmental variables to predict the extent of climatically suitable areas and potential pest co-occurrence along the West Coast of the United States. A suite of models was generated using MaxEnt with species-specific tuning of model settings. Overall, the results confirmed high suitability for L. botrana to establish across much of the study region, driven largely by high monthly variability in precipitation and low elevation. Two species were predicted to have intermediate suitability to establish over the study region (i.e., grape tortrix moth, Argyrotaenia ljungiana; grape berry moth, Paralobesia viteana), while two others had low suitability (i.e., European grape berry moth, Eupoecilia ambiguella; Christmas berry webworm, Cryptoblabes gnidiella). The highest predicted potential for co-occurrence was between L. botrana and P. viteana, accounting for 19% of the total viticulture area, followed by L. botrana and A. ljungiana for 11% of the study area. These results may help with the optimization of surveillance efforts by indicating which species or areas should be prioritized for the deployment of invasive pest detection programs with pheromone traps. Indeed, given the apparent potential for co-occurrence of multiple moth pests in certain areas, our results may inform where single or multi-lure traps should be deployed as a more cost-efficient monitoring tool.
当生物入侵在早期阶段被识别时,可以最有效地管理,这通常取决于强有力的监测计划。最近欧洲葡萄蛾(Lobesia botrana)在加利福尼亚州的入侵表明,美国西部的葡萄栽培区如果要建立,可能会面临这种蛾类和其他自相残杀蛾和梨蛾类的严重经济后果。为了深入了解这些葡萄害虫带来的风险,我们使用了原产于欧洲或美国东部的L.botrana和其他四种蛾类的发生记录,并选择了环境变量来预测气候适宜地区的范围和美国西海岸潜在的害虫共现。使用MaxEnt生成了一套模型,并对模型设置进行了特定于物种的调整。总的来说,研究结果证实了L.botrana在研究区域的大部分地区都很适合建立,这主要是由于降雨量和海拔的高月变化性。据预测,有两个物种在研究区域内具有中等的适宜性(即,葡萄龟甲蛾,Argyrotaenia ljungana;葡萄浆果蛾,Paralobesia viteana),而另外两个物种的适宜性较低(即,欧洲葡萄浆果蛾Eupoecilia ambiguella;圣诞浆果webworm,Cryptoblabes gnidiella)。预测的共生潜力最高的是L.botrana和P.viteana,占葡萄栽培总面积的19%,其次是L.botlana和A.ljungana,占研究面积的11%。这些结果可能有助于优化监测工作,表明哪些物种或地区应优先部署带有信息素陷阱的入侵性害虫检测程序。事实上,考虑到在某些地区多种蛾类害虫共存的明显可能性,我们的研究结果可能会告诉我们,作为一种更具成本效益的监测工具,应该在哪里部署单诱饵或多诱饵诱捕器。
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引用次数: 0
lydemapr: an R package to track the spread of the invasive spotted lanternfly (Lycorma delicatula, White 1845) (Hemiptera, Fulgoridae) in the United States lydemapr:一个追踪入侵斑灯蝇(Lycorma delicatula, White 1845)(半翅目,斑灯蝇科)在美国传播的R包
IF 5.1 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-07-20 DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.86.101471
Sebastiano De Bona, Lawrence Barringer, Paul Kurtz, Jay Losiewicz, Gregory R. Parra, Matthew R. Helmus
A crucial asset in the management of invasive species is the open-access sharing of data on the range of invaders and the progression of their spread. Such data should be current, comprehensive, consistent and standardised, to support reproducible and comparable forecasting efforts amongst multiple researchers and managers. Here, we present the lydemapr R package containing spatiotemporal data and mapping functions to visualise the current spread of the spotted lanternfly (Lycorma delicatula, White 1841) in the Western Hemisphere. The spotted lanternfly is a forest and agricultural pest in the eastern Mid-Atlantic Region of the U.S., where it was first discovered in 2014. As of 2023, it has been found in 14 states according to State and Federal Departments of Agriculture. However, the lack of easily accessible, fine-scale data on its spread hampers research and management efforts. We obtained multiple memoranda-of-understanding from several agencies and citizen-science projects, gaining access to their internal data on spotted lanternfly point observations. We then cleaned, harmonised, anonymised and combined the individual data sources into a single comprehensive dataset. The resulting dataset contains spatial data gridded at the 1 km2 resolution, with yearly information on the presence/absence of spotted lanternflies, establishment status and population density across 658,390 observations. The lydemapr package will aid researchers, managers and the public in their understanding, modelling and managing of the spread of this invasive pest.
A入侵物种管理的关键资产是开放获取共享有关入侵者范围及其传播进程的数据。这些数据应该是最新的、全面的、一致的和标准化的,以支持多个研究人员和管理人员之间可重复和可比较的预测工作。在这里,我们展示了lydemapr R软件包,其中包含时空数据和映射功能,以可视化斑点灯笼蝇(Lycorma delicatula, White 1841)在西半球的当前传播。斑点灯笼蝇是美国中大西洋地区东部的一种森林和农业害虫,于2014年首次被发现。根据州和联邦农业部的数据,截至2023年,已经在14个州发现了这种病毒。然而,缺乏易于获取的关于其传播的精细数据阻碍了研究和管理工作。我们从几个机构和公民科学项目获得了多个谅解备忘录,获得了他们关于斑点灯笼点观测的内部数据。然后,我们清理、协调、匿名并将单个数据源合并为一个综合数据集。由此产生的数据集包含以1 km2分辨率网格化的空间数据,其中包含658,390次观测中斑点灯笼蝇的存在/不存在、建立状态和种群密度的年度信息。lydemapr软件包将帮助研究人员、管理人员和公众理解、建模和管理这种入侵性害虫的传播。
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引用次数: 0
Alien ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) on a quest to conquer Greece: a review including an updated species checklist and guidance for future research Alien蚂蚁(膜翅目,蚁科)在一个探索征服希腊:一个审查,包括一个更新的物种清单和指导未来的研究
IF 5.1 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-07-10 DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.86.98157
J. Demetriou, C. Georgiadis, Evangelos Koutsoukos, L. Borowiec, S. Salata
Biological invasions represent one of the main drivers of biodiversity loss with adverse impacts on human societies, economies and public health. More than 500 ant species have been transported outside their native range with the help of humans, while the majority of them have managed to establish viable populations in the wild. Nevertheless, data from the Mediterranean region suggest that most alien ants occupy anthropogenic habitats with little spread in semi-natural and natural habitats. Research on biological invasions of ants in Greece had previously identified a total of 15 alien ant species. In this article, an extensive literature investigation and material examination provide a revised checklist of the alien myrmecofauna of Greece. Although the number of alien ant species remains the same, the checklist’s composition is largely altered to provide an up-to-date overview of the country’s alien myrmecofauna in order to enhance management decisions and future research. The presence and distribution of alien ants within Greek administrative divisions, NATURA 2000 sites and Corine Land Cover types are analysed and presented. In particular, the species richness of alien ants seems to be highest in the Aegean Archipelago (Crete and Southern Aegean Islands) probably due to uneven collecting efforts and increased climatic suitability. Alien ant species are mostly associated with anthropogenic habitats including urban and agricultural areas, although a significant percentage has managed to spread into forest and semi-natural areas, including protected NATURA 2000 sites. Future research directions enhancing the monitoring of alien ants and their impacts are indicated to safeguard native ant biodiversity and conservation efforts of rare and endemic taxa.
生物入侵是生物多样性丧失的主要驱动因素之一,对人类社会、经济和公共健康产生不利影响。在人类的帮助下,500多种蚂蚁已经被转移到了它们的原生栖息地之外,而其中大多数蚂蚁已经在野外建立了可行的种群。然而,来自地中海地区的数据表明,大多数外来蚂蚁占据了人为栖息地,在半自然和自然栖息地几乎没有分布。此前,对希腊蚂蚁生物入侵的研究共发现了15种外来蚂蚁。在这篇文章中,广泛的文献调查和材料审查提供了一份修订的希腊外来myrmcofauna清单。尽管外来蚂蚁物种的数量保持不变,但检查表的组成在很大程度上发生了变化,以提供该国外来蚁类的最新概况,从而加强管理决策和未来的研究。分析并介绍了外来蚂蚁在希腊行政区划、NATURA 2000遗址和Corine土地覆盖类型内的存在和分布。特别是,外来蚂蚁的物种丰富度似乎在爱琴海群岛(克里特岛和爱琴海南部岛屿)最高,这可能是由于采集工作不均衡和气候适应性增强。外来蚂蚁物种大多与包括城市和农业地区在内的人类栖息地有关,尽管有很大一部分已经扩散到森林和半自然地区,包括NATURA 2000保护区。未来的研究方向是加强对外来蚂蚁及其影响的监测,以保护本地蚂蚁的生物多样性以及稀有和特有类群的保护工作。
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引用次数: 1
The use of species traits in invasive seaweed research: a systematic review 物种特征在入侵海藻研究中的应用:系统综述
IF 5.1 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-07-10 DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.86.97392
A. Mabey, M. Rius, D. Smale, J. Catford
Species traits have been used extensively in invasion science, providing common metrics across taxa and ecosystems that enable comparisons based on the functional responses and effects of biota. However, most work on traits in invasion science has focused on terrestrial plants, despite the vulnerability of aquatic ecosystems to invasive species, such as invasive seaweeds. Research that focuses on individual species of invasive seaweeds has intensified in recent years, yet few studies have synthesised the information learned on species traits to identify commonalities or knowledge gaps in invasion science. Through a systematic review of 322 papers that investigate the traits of seaweed species from across the globe, here we ask – what are the trends and gaps in research that investigates traits of invasive seaweeds? To address this question, we aimed to: (1) identify publication rates and characteristics of the studies examining traits of invasive seaweeds; (2) clarify which and how many species have been investigated; and (3) assess which traits have been measured and how those traits have been used. Our review revealed that study regions for research on invasive seaweed traits were concentrated in Europe and North America. In addition, we found a total of 158 species that have been investigated, with a large proportion of studies (35%) focusing on just two species, Sargassum muticum and Undaria pinnatifida. Our study revealed that the most researched traits were morphological, which were used to address a wide range of research questions. Key research gaps included relatively few studies from Africa, Asia and South America, a lack of papers researching more than one species and a lack of measurements of biomechanical traits. Altogether, this review provides a thorough overview of research progress on species traits of invasive seaweeds and highlights the existing knowledge gaps that may lead to new ways in which the traits of invasive seaweeds can be used to answer important ecological questions.
物种特征在入侵科学中得到了广泛的应用,为分类群和生态系统提供了通用的指标,可以根据生物群的功能反应和影响进行比较。然而,入侵科学中大多数关于特征的研究都集中在陆地植物上,尽管水生生态系统对入侵物种(如入侵海藻)很脆弱。近年来,专注于入侵海藻个体物种的研究有所加强,但很少有研究综合了解到的物种特征信息,以确定入侵科学中的共性或知识差距。通过对全球322篇调查海藻物种特征的论文的系统综述,我们想问——在调查入侵海藻特征的研究中,趋势和差距是什么?为了解决这个问题,我们的目标是:(1)确定入侵海藻特征研究的发表率和特征;(2) 澄清调查了哪些物种以及调查了多少物种;以及(3)评估哪些特征已经被测量以及这些特征是如何被使用的。我们的综述显示,研究入侵海藻特征的研究区域集中在欧洲和北美。此外,我们发现共有158个物种被调查,其中很大一部分(35%)的研究仅集中在两个物种上,马尾藻和裙带菜。我们的研究表明,研究最多的性状是形态学,用于解决广泛的研究问题。主要的研究差距包括来自非洲、亚洲和南美洲的研究相对较少,缺乏研究一个以上物种的论文,以及缺乏生物力学特征的测量。总之,这篇综述全面概述了入侵海藻物种特征的研究进展,并强调了现有的知识差距,这些知识差距可能会导致利用入侵海藻的特征来回答重要生态问题的新方法。
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引用次数: 0
HELLAS-ALIENS. The invasive alien species of Greece: time trends, origin and pathways 地狱般的谎言。希腊外来入侵物种:时间趋势、起源和途径
IF 5.1 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-07-07 DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.86.101778
M. Arianoutsou, C. Adamopoulou, P. Andriopoulos, I. Bazos, A. Christopoulou, Alexandros Galanidis, E. Kalogianni, P. Karachle, Y. Kokkoris, A. Martinou, A. Zenetos, A. Zikos
The current paper presents the first effort to organize a comprehensive review of the Invasive Alien Species (IAS) of Greece. For this purpose, a database was developed with fields of information on the taxonomy, origin, ecology and pathways of introduction of terrestrial, freshwater and marine species. Our database includes a) taxa in the Union’s list that are present in Greece, b) taxa already present in Greece and considered to be invasive, and c) taxa highly likely to enter Greece in the next 10 years and become invasive. The Database served as the starting point for the compilation of the National List of Alien Invasive Species (HELLAS-ALIENS) in compliance with the EU Regulation 1143/2014. Overall, the HELLAS-ALIENS comprises 126 species, i.e. 32 terrestrial and freshwater plant species, 14 terrestrial invertebrates, 28 terrestrial vertebrates, 30 freshwater fishes and invertebrates and 22 marine species. Terrestrial invertebrates, birds and mammals are mainly of Asiatic origin. Most of the terrestrial plants have their native geographical distribution in the Americas (North and South). Most of the freshwater invertebrates and fishes are of North American origin, while the majority of the marine species are of Indo-Pacific origin. The first records of IAS concern terrestrial plant species, and date back to the 19th century, while those in freshwater and marine ecosystems seem to have been systematically recorded some decades later. Regarding the pathways of introduction, most of the taxa arrived in Greece or are expected to arrive through escape from confinement and unaided. The majority of the terrestrial, freshwater and marine species have been evaluated as of High-risk for the indigenous biodiversity and only 3% of the species listed have been evaluated of Low-risk. Our results provide an important baseline for management and action plans, as required by the priorities set by the European Union through the Biodiversity Strategy for 2030.
本论文首次对希腊外来入侵物种(IAS)进行了全面审查。为此,开发了一个数据库,其中包括陆地、淡水和海洋物种的分类学、起源、生态学和引入途径等信息领域。我们的数据库包括a)欧盟名单中存在于希腊的分类群,b)已经存在于希腊并被认为是入侵性的分类群和c)在未来10年内极有可能进入希腊并成为入侵性的类群。该数据库是根据欧盟第1143/2014号条例编制《国家外来入侵物种名录》的起点。总的来说,HELLAS-ALIENS包括126种物种,即32种陆地和淡水植物、14种陆地无脊椎动物、28种陆地脊椎动物、30种淡水鱼类和无脊椎动物以及22种海洋物种。陆生无脊椎动物、鸟类和哺乳动物主要起源于亚洲。大多数陆生植物的原生地理分布在美洲(北部和南部)。大多数淡水无脊椎动物和鱼类起源于北美,而大多数海洋物种起源于印度洋-太平洋。IAS的第一次记录涉及陆地植物物种,可以追溯到19世纪,而淡水和海洋生态系统中的植物物种似乎在几十年后才有系统的记录。关于引入途径,大多数分类群抵达希腊,或预计通过逃离禁闭和无人帮助的方式抵达。大多数陆地、淡水和海洋物种已被评估为本地生物多样性的高风险物种,只有3%的物种被评估为低风险物种。我们的成果为管理和行动计划提供了重要的基线,这是欧盟通过《2030年生物多样性战略》确定的优先事项所要求的。
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引用次数: 2
The relationship between naturalized alien and native plant species: insights from oceanic islands of the south-east Pacific over the last 200 years The归化的外来和本地植物物种之间的关系:过去200年来来自东南太平洋海洋岛屿的见解
IF 5.1 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-07-07 DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.86.102661
Luis Cáceres-Polgrossi, Maura Di Rico, D. Parra, H. Seebens, Stephen D. Galvin, Hans Juergen Boehmer
Aim: The relationship between native and naturalized alien species has been widely studied, particularly across large geographic scales. However, our knowledge of the spatial and temporal variations of their relationships is still limited, particularly for remote oceanic islands such as those of the south-east Pacific and across islands and archipelagos. In this study, we aim to assess the relationships between native and naturalized alien species by analyzing their current patterns of species-area relationships at different spatial scales, in addition to temporal variations in species richness, over the last 200 years. Area: One island (Rapa Nui) and two archipelagos (Juan Fernandez and Desventuradas Islands) comprising a total of 11 oceanic islands of the south-east Pacific (OISEP). Methods: We assembled the most comprehensive dataset of the vascular flora of the OISEP from currently available island flora checklists and updated with recent publications. Each plant species was classified as being native or naturalized alien. We examined temporal changes by estimating species richness, naturalization rates and naturalized-to-native ratios over time based on the first collection year of each naturalized alien species. Then, we determined the best shape of naturalized alien species richness accumulation over time by contrasting the fit of lineal, exponential, sigmoidal and Weibull regressions. Finally, we analyzed the relationships between native and naturalized species firstly at the inter-archipelagic scale by fitting island species-area relationship models and secondly at the island scale by performing ranged major axis regression analysis on residual values. Results: The OISEP flora dataset contained 674 species of which 282 were native and 392 were naturalized alien. Native island species-area relationships were similar to those of the naturalized alien species. Naturalized alien species richness increased notably through time with two clear peaks in 1950 and 2000. A Weibull regression and an exponential shape over time were the most appropriate fits for naturalized alien species richness accumulations at the inter-archipelagic scale, which further emphasizes the notable increase in naturalized alien species richness experienced in the timeframe examined here. Main conclusions: The relationship between naturalized alien species richness and native species richness was found to be independent of the geographic scale. The number of naturalized alien species clearly exceeded the number of native species on most islands but also for the whole OISEP. The accumulation of newly detected naturalized alien species does not show any sign of saturation and it is likely that new species will arrive in the future. Increased efforts on monitoring, prevention and biosecurity are needed to halt biological invasions on these unique island ecosystems.
目的:本地和归化外来物种之间的关系已经被广泛研究,特别是在大的地理范围内。然而,我们对它们关系的空间和时间变化的了解仍然有限,特别是对于偏远的海洋岛屿,如东南太平洋的岛屿以及跨岛屿和群岛的岛屿。在这项研究中,我们的目的是通过分析过去200年来,除了物种丰富度的时间变化外,不同空间尺度上的物种-区域关系的当前模式,来评估本地和归化外来物种之间的关系。地区:一个岛屿(拉帕努伊)和两个群岛(胡安·费尔南德斯和德斯文图拉达斯群岛),共包括11个东南太平洋海洋岛屿(OISEP)。方法:我们从目前可用的岛屿植物群清单中收集了OISEP血管植物群的最全面数据集,并根据最新出版物进行了更新。每种植物都被分类为本地或归化的外来物种。我们根据每个归化外来物种的第一个采集年份,通过估计物种丰富度、归化率和归化与本地比率来研究时间变化。然后,我们通过对比线性回归、指数回归、S型回归和威布尔回归的拟合,确定了归化外来物种丰富度随时间积累的最佳形状。最后,我们首先在群岛间尺度上通过拟合岛屿-物种-面积关系模型来分析原生物种和归化物种之间的关系,其次在岛屿尺度上通过对残差值进行区间主轴回归分析来分析原生种和归化种之间的关系。结果:OISEP植物区系数据集包含674种,其中282种为本地物种,392种为归化外来物种。本地岛屿物种-区域关系与归化外来物种相似。随着时间的推移,归化外来物种的丰富度显著增加,在1950年和2000年出现了两个明显的峰值。威布尔回归和随时间的指数形状是群岛间尺度上归化外来物种丰富度积累的最合适拟合,这进一步强调了在本文研究的时间段内归化外来物种丰度的显著增加。主要结论:归化外来物种丰富度和本地物种丰富度之间的关系与地理尺度无关。在大多数岛屿上,归化外来物种的数量明显超过了本地物种的数量,但在整个OISEP中也是如此。新发现的归化外来物种的积累没有显示出任何饱和的迹象,未来很可能会有新物种出现。需要加大监测、预防和生物安全力度,以阻止生物入侵这些独特的岛屿生态系统。
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引用次数: 0
Which features at home make a plant prone to become invasive? 家里的哪些特征会使植物容易入侵?
IF 5.1 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-07-05 DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.86.104039
Javier Galán Díaz, E. G. de la Riva, Irene Martín‐Forés, M. Vilà
Determining the factors that pre-adapt plant species to successfully establish and spread outside of their native ranges constitutes a powerful approach with great potential for management. While this source-area approach accounts for the bias associated with species’ regions of origin, it has been only implemented in pools of species known to be established elsewhere. We argue that, in regions with well-known introduction histories, such as the Mediterranean Biome, the consideration of co-dominant non-introduced species as a control group allows a better understanding of the invasion process. For this purpose, we used occurrence data from GBIF and trait data from previous studies to find predictors of establishment and invasion. We compare the frequency, climatic niche and functional traits of 149 co-dominant plant species in their native region in southern Spain, considering whether they have colonised other Mediterranean-climate regions or not and their level of invasion. We found that large native ranges and diverse climatic niches were the best predictors of species establishment abroad. Moreover, coloniser species had longer bloom periods, higher growth rates and greater resource acquisition, whereas coloniser species becoming invasive had also greater reproductive height and nitrogen use efficiency. This framework has the potential to improve prediction models and management practices to prevent the harmful impacts from species in invaded communities.
确定使植物物种预先适应并在其原生范围外成功建立和传播的因素是一种具有巨大管理潜力的强大方法。虽然这种源区方法解释了与物种起源区域相关的偏见,但它只在已知在其他地方建立的物种库中实施。我们认为,在具有众所周知的引入历史的地区,如地中海生物群落,将共同优势的非引入物种视为对照组,可以更好地了解入侵过程。为此,我们使用GBIF的发生数据和先前研究的特征数据来寻找建立和入侵的预测因素。我们比较了149种共同优势植物在西班牙南部原生地区的频率、气候生态位和功能特征,考虑到它们是否在其他地中海气候地区定居以及它们的入侵水平。我们发现,大的原生范围和多样的气候生态位是国外物种建立的最佳预测因素。此外,定殖物种具有更长的开花期、更高的生长率和更多的资源获取,而入侵的定殖物种也具有更高的繁殖高度和氮利用效率。该框架有可能改进预测模型和管理实践,以防止入侵群落中物种的有害影响。
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引用次数: 2
Halyomorpha halys and its egg parasitoids Trissolcus japonicus and T. mitsukurii: the geographic dimension of the interaction Halyomorpha黄颡鱼及其卵寄生体日本三尾蛾与三尾蛾:相互作用的地理维度
IF 5.1 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-27 DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.85.102501
F. Tortorici, P. Bombi, L. Loru, A. Mele, S. Moraglio, Davide Scaccini, A. Pozzebon, R. Pantaleoni, L. Tavella
Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera, Pentatomidae) was accidentally introduced to North America and Europe, becoming a key pest of many important crops. In its native range, it is attacked by egg parasitoids, including Trissolcus japonicus (Ashmead), considered to be the main species, and T. mitsukurii (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae). Trissolcus japonicus was detected in North America in 2014 and Europe in 2017, while T. mitsukurii was detected in Australia in the early 20th century and in Europe in 2016. Both species now appear established in the new areas. The present study used the MaxEnt algorithm to clarify the geographic dimension of the potential interaction between H. halys and these two parasitoid species, and to indicate where the release of one or the other parasitoid species is more likely to be effective. We found that the suitability for the two parasitoids overlaps the H. halys native range completely. In invaded areas, T. japonicus showed higher potential habitat suitability at the global scale, compared to T. mitsukurii, and also higher potential suitability at lower latitudes at continental and national scales. These results can substantially improve the effectiveness of biological control against H. halys, by targeting the releases of parasitoids to the areas where each species is most likely to succeed.
Halyomorpha halys (stastl)(半翅目,蝽科)是偶然引进到北美和欧洲,成为许多重要作物的主要害虫。在其原生地,它受到卵寄生蜂的攻击,包括被认为是主要种的日本三翅虫(Trissolcus japonicus, Ashmead)和mitsukurii (Ashmead)(膜翅目,蜂科)。2014年在北美和2017年在欧洲发现了日本三梭菌,而20世纪初在澳大利亚和2016年在欧洲发现了三梭菌。这两个物种现在似乎都在新的地区定居下来了。本研究利用MaxEnt算法,明确了大叶瓢虫与这两种寄生蜂之间潜在相互作用的地理维度,并指出在哪些地方释放一种或另一种寄生蜂更可能有效。结果表明,这两种拟寄生蜂的适宜性完全重叠于halys的原生地。在入侵区,日本夜蛾在全球尺度上的生境适宜性潜力高于三栗夜蛾,在大陆和国家尺度上的生境适宜性潜力也高于低纬度地区。这些结果可以通过将拟寄生虫定向释放到每个物种最有可能成功的地区,从而大大提高对大halys的生物防治效果。
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引用次数: 0
A century of weed change in New Zealand’s forage seed multiplication industry A一个世纪以来新西兰牧草种子繁殖业的杂草变化
IF 5.1 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-27 DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.85.100825
J. Rubenstein, P. Hulme, M. Rolston, A. Stewart, J. Hampton
International seed trading provides a significant introductory pathway for weed seeds, and many globally established weeds originated as contaminants in agricultural seed lots. Management of these trade systems helps minimize agricultural losses and is an important means of preventing future biological incursions. Forage crop seed lots could be considered higher risk than seed lots of arable and vegetable crops, as they have been found to have a higher percentage of contaminated seed lots. Two of the most commonly used temperate forage crops worldwide are perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and white clover (Trifolium repens). New Zealand is one of the top producers of these crop seeds globally, and both species are commonly used in New Zealand pastures. Using historical and current seed lot analytical purity test results, we examined the frequency, identity and temporal changes of weed seeds found within agricultural seed lots of perennial ryegrass and white clover grown in New Zealand from 1912 to 2019. Overall, the percentage of contaminated forage seed lots decreased between approximately three to sixfold over the study period, indicating that herbicide availability, seed certification and improved crop management have been effective for weed control. However, we identified a handful of annual weed species that could become more problematic in the future, either because they showed an increasing presence trend in seed lots or were identified as the most common contaminants. In 2019, Vulpia bromoides was the most common contaminant in perennial ryegrass seed lots, and Chenopodium album was the most common in white clover seed lots. Sherardia arvensis and Poa annua, both significant species with an increasing presence trend, had the largest increases in perennial ryegrass seed lots over the study period. Conversely, Rumex acetosella had the largest presence decline for both crop species. There was a significant difference between the percentage of contaminant species that were grass weeds between study crops, where perennial ryegrass seed lots had approximately four times more grass species than white clover. Considering New Zealand trades crop seed with approximately half of the world’s countries and contributes substantially to the global supply of forage seed, our study provides a unique insight into changes of the weed spectrum throughout the seed for sowing system over the last century.
国际种子贸易为杂草种子提供了重要的引进途径,许多全球公认的杂草起源于农业种子批次的污染物。管理这些贸易系统有助于减少农业损失,是防止未来生物入侵的重要手段。草料作物的种子区被认为比耕地和蔬菜作物的种子区风险更高,因为草料作物的种子区被污染的比例更高。世界上最常用的两种温带饲料作物是多年生黑麦草(Lolium perenne)和白三叶草(Trifolium repens)。新西兰是全球最大的这些作物种子生产国之一,这两种种子在新西兰的牧场上都很常用。利用历史和当前种子批次分析纯度测试结果,研究了1912年至2019年新西兰多年生黑麦草和白三叶农业种子批次中杂草种子的频率、特征和时间变化。总体而言,在研究期间,受污染的牧草种子批次的百分比下降了大约三到六倍,这表明除草剂的可用性、种子认证和改进的作物管理对杂草控制是有效的。然而,我们发现了一些一年生杂草物种,它们在未来可能会变得更有问题,要么是因为它们在种子批次中呈现出越来越多的存在趋势,要么是被认为是最常见的污染物。2019年,多年生黑麦草种子地块中最常见的污染物为溴化Vulpia bromoides,白三叶草种子地块中最常见的污染物为Chenopodium album。多年生黑麦草种子数量在研究期内增加最多的是雪梨和年草,两者都有增加趋势。相反,在两种作物中,牛蒡的存在率下降幅度最大。在不同的研究作物中,杂草所占的污染物种百分比存在显著差异,其中多年生黑麦草种子地块的草种类大约是白三叶草的四倍。考虑到新西兰与世界上大约一半的国家进行作物种子贸易,并为全球饲料种子供应做出了重大贡献,我们的研究为上个世纪整个种子播种系统的杂草谱变化提供了独特的见解。
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