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Genetic analyses reveal a complex introduction history of the globally invasive tree Acacia longifolia Genetic分析揭示了全球入侵树金合欢的复杂引进历史
IF 5.1 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2023-02-21 DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.82.87455
S. Vicente, H. Trindade, C. Máguas, J. L. Le Roux
Acacia longifolia (Sydney golden wattle) is considered one of the most problematic plant invaders in Mediterranean-type ecosystems. In this study, we investigate the species’ invasion history by comparing the genetic diversity and structure of native (Australia) and several invasive range (Brazil, Portugal, South Africa, Spain, and Uruguay) populations and by modelling different introduction scenarios using these data. We sampled 272 A. longifolia individuals – 126 from different invasive ranges and 146 from the native range – from 41 populations. We genotyped all individuals at four chloroplast and 12 nuclear microsatellite markers. From these data we calculated diversity metrics, identified chloroplast haplotypes, and estimated population genetic structure based on Bayesian assignment tests. We used Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) models to infer the likely introduction history into each invaded country. In Australia, population genetic structure of A. longifolia appears to be strongly shaped by the Bass Strait and we identified two genetic clusters largely corresponding to mainland Australian and Tasmanian populations. We found invasive populations to represent a mixture of these clusters. Similar levels of genetic diversity were present in native and invasive ranges, indicating that invasive populations did not go through a genetic bottleneck. Bayesian assignment tests and chloroplast haplotype frequencies further suggested a secondary introduction event between South Africa and Portugal. However, ABC analyses could not confidently identify the native source(s) of invasive populations in these two countries, probably due to the known high propagule pressure that accompanied these introductions. ABC analyses identified Tasmania as the likely source of invasive populations in Brazil and Uruguay. A definitive native source for Spanish populations could also not be identified. This study shows that tracing the introduction history of A. longifolia is difficult, most likely because of the complexity associated with the extensive movement of the species around the world. Our findings should be considered when planning management and control efforts, such as biological control, in some invaded regions.
长叶Acacia longifolia(悉尼金合欢)被认为是地中海型生态系统中最有问题的植物入侵者之一。在这项研究中,我们通过比较本地(澳大利亚)和几个入侵范围(巴西、葡萄牙、南非、西班牙和乌拉圭)种群的遗传多样性和结构,并使用这些数据对不同的引入场景进行建模,来调查该物种的入侵历史。我们对来自41个种群的272个长叶A.longifolia个体进行了采样,其中126个来自不同的入侵范围,146个来自原生范围。我们在4个叶绿体和12个核微卫星标记上对所有个体进行了基因分型。根据这些数据,我们计算了多样性指标,确定了叶绿体单倍型,并基于贝叶斯分配测试估计了群体遗传结构。我们使用近似贝叶斯计算(ABC)模型来推断每个被入侵国家的可能引入历史。在澳大利亚,长叶A.longifolia的种群遗传结构似乎受到巴斯海峡的强烈影响,我们确定了两个主要与澳大利亚大陆和塔斯马尼亚种群相对应的遗传簇。我们发现入侵种群代表了这些集群的混合物。本地和入侵地区的遗传多样性水平相似,这表明入侵种群没有经历遗传瓶颈。贝叶斯分配测试和叶绿体单倍型频率进一步表明南非和葡萄牙之间存在二次引入事件。然而,ABC分析无法确定这两个国家入侵种群的本土来源,这可能是由于伴随这些引入的已知高繁殖体压力。ABC的分析表明,塔斯马尼亚可能是巴西和乌拉圭入侵人口的来源。西班牙人口的确切本土来源也无法确定。这项研究表明,追踪长叶A.longifolia的引入历史很困难,很可能是因为该物种在世界各地的广泛迁徙具有复杂性。在规划一些入侵地区的管理和控制工作(如生物控制)时,应考虑我们的发现。
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引用次数: 0
Population level interactions between an invasive woodwasp, an invasive nematode and a community of native parasitoids 入侵木蜂、入侵线虫和本地拟寄生蜂群落Population水平的相互作用
IF 5.1 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2023-02-09 DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.82.96599
S. van Nouhuys, D. C. Harris, A. Hajek
Parasitic nematodes and hymenopteran parasitoids have been introduced and used extensively to control invasive Eurasian Sirex noctilio woodwasps in pine plantations in the Southern Hemisphere where no members of this community are native. Sirex noctilio has more recently invaded North America where Sirex-associated communities are native. Sirex noctilio and its parasitic nematode, Deladenus siricidicola, plus six native hymenopteran woodwasp parasitoids in New York and Pennsylvania, were sampled from 204 pines in 2011–2019. Sirex noctilio had become the most common woodwasp in this region and the native parasitoids associated with the native woodwasps had expanded their host ranges to use this invader. We investigated the distributions of these species among occupied trees and the interactions between S. noctilio and natural enemies as well as among the natural enemies. Sirex noctilio were strongly aggregated, with a few of the occupied trees hosting hundreds of woodwasps. Nematode parasitism was positively associated with S. noctilio density, and negatively associated with the density of rhyssine parasitoids. Parasitism by the parasitoid Ibalia leucospoides was positively associated with host (S. noctilio) density, while parasitism by the rhyssine parasitoids was negatively associated with density of S. noctilio. Thus, most S. noctilio come from a few attacked trees in a forest, and S. noctilio from those high-density trees experienced high parasitism by both the invasive nematode and the most abundant native parasitoid, I. l. ensiger. There is little evidence for direct competition between the nematodes and parasitoids. The negative association occurring between rhyssine parasitoids and I. l. ensiger suggests rhyssines may suffer from competition with I. l. ensiger which parasitize the host at an earlier life stage. In addition to direct competition with the native woodwasp Sirex nigricornis for suitable larval habitat within weakened trees, the large S. noctilio population increases the parasitoid and nematode populations, which may increase parasitism of S. nigricornis.
寄生线虫和膜壳虫寄生蜂已被引入并广泛用于控制南半球松树种植园中的入侵欧亚夜蛾木蜂,那里没有该群落的本地成员。Sirex noctilio最近入侵了北美,那里的Sirex相关社区是土生土长的。2011-2019年,从204棵松树中采集了夜蛾及其寄生线虫Deladenus siricidicola,以及纽约和宾夕法尼亚州的六种本土膜翅目木蜂寄生蜂。夜蛾已经成为该地区最常见的木蜂,与本土木蜂相关的本土寄生蜂已经扩大了它们的寄主范围,以利用这种入侵者。我们调查了这些物种在被占领树木中的分布,以及野豌豆与天敌以及天敌之间的相互作用。夜蛾聚集性很强,一些被占用的树木上有数百只木蜂。线虫寄生与线虫寄生密度呈正相关,而与钩虫寄生密度呈负相关。寄生蜂白孢子虫的寄生与寄主(S.noctilio)的密度呈正相关,而Rhysine寄生蜂的寄生与S.noctillo的密度呈负相关。因此,大多数夜蛾来自森林中少数被攻击的树木,而来自这些高密度树木的夜蛾受到入侵线虫和最丰富的本土寄生蜂I.l.ensiger的高度寄生。线虫和寄生蜂之间几乎没有直接竞争的证据。Rhythine寄生蜂和I.l.ensiger之间的负相关关系表明,Rhythine可能会与I.l.ensier竞争,后者在生命早期寄生在宿主身上。除了与本地木蜂Sirex nigricornis直接竞争在衰弱的树木中寻找合适的幼虫栖息地外,大量的夜蛾种群还增加了寄生蜂和线虫种群,这可能会增加黑蜂的寄生性。
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引用次数: 0
Genetic diversity and structure of Crupina vulgaris (common crupina): a noxious rangeland weed of the western United States 美国西部一种有毒的草地杂草——普通Crupina的遗传多样性和结构
IF 5.1 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2023-02-06 DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.82.90229
J. Gaskin, Nisha Chapagain, M. Schwarzländer, Matthew A. Tancos, N. West
Common crupina (Crupina vulgaris) is a federal noxious weed in the western USA that is currently the target of a classical biological control programme using the fungus Ramularia crupinae. We first identified and determined the location of populations of the two varieties of common crupina in the western United States and assessed the pattern of genetic diversity and structure of these populations. We found seven AFLP (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism) genotypes for 326 plants in 17 populations. AFLP genotypes correlated with two taxa, either C. vulgaris var. vulgaris or C. vulgaris var. brachypappa. This annual species is outcrossing, but relies on selfing when pollination does not occur, which may explain why less than 1% of the genetic variation is within populations. We found strong population genetic structuring and can typically predict genotype or variety for a given location. Researchers and managers will be able to predict and survey for differential efficacy of R. crupinae on the different genotypes and varieties during initial biological control field releases, thereby increasing the likelihood of successful biocontrol establishment and impact.
普通crupina(crupina vulgaris)是美国西部的一种联邦有毒杂草,目前是使用真菌Ramularia crupinae的经典生物控制计划的目标。我们首先鉴定并确定了美国西部两个常见克鲁皮纳品种的种群位置,并评估了这些种群的遗传多样性和结构模式。我们在17个群体的326株植物中发现了7种AFLP(扩增片段长度多态性)基因型。AFLP基因型与两个分类群相关,即C.vulgaris var.vulgaries或C.vulgarias var.brachypappa。这种一年生物种是异交的,但在没有授粉的情况下依靠自交,这可能解释了为什么只有不到1%的遗传变异发生在种群内。我们发现了强大的群体遗传结构,通常可以预测给定位置的基因型或品种。研究人员和管理人员将能够预测和调查在最初的生物控制田间释放过程中,克鲁皮纳对不同基因型和品种的不同效力,从而增加成功建立生物控制的可能性和影响。
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引用次数: 0
The TOP-100 most dangerous invasive alien species in Northern Eurasia: invasion trends and species distribution modelling The欧亚大陆北部100种最危险的外来入侵物种:入侵趋势和物种分布模型
IF 5.1 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2023-02-02 DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.82.96282
V. Petrosyan, F. Osipov, I. Feniova, N. Dergunova, A. Warshavsky, L. Khlyap, A. Dzialowski
Northern Eurasia is extensive and includes terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems that cover several natural zones and access to the seas of three oceans. As a result, it has been invaded by numerous invasive alien species (IAS) over large temporal and spatial scales. The purpose of this research was to assess invasion trends and construct species distribution models for the Russian TOP-100 most dangerous IAS. Environmentally suitable regions for IAS were established based on alien species attribute databases, datasets of 169,709 species occurrence records (SOR) and raster layers of environmental variables using species distribution modelling (MaxEnt). The objectives of this research were to (1) create databases of SOR for the TOP-100 IAS in Russia; 2) determine pathways, residence time, donor regions and trends of invasions; (3) determine the main types of spatial distributions of invasive species and their relation to residence time; and (4) distinguish regions with the highest richness of IAS that have a strong impact on the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems of Russia. We found that although species invasions date back over 400 years, the number of naturalized IAS has increased non-linearly over the past 76 years. The TOP-100 list is mainly represented by unintentionally introduced species (62%) which are characterized by different introduction pathways. Species occurrence records revealed that 56 IAS are distributed locally, 26 are distributed regionally and 18 are widespread in Russia. Species with local, regional or widespread distributions were characterized by residence times of 55, 126 or 190 years, respectively. We found that IAS with local distribution can expand their range into suitable regions more extensively (expected increase by 32%) than widespread species (expected increase by only 7%). The procedure of identifying hot/cold spots locations based on SOR allowed us to identify the Russian regions with the highest richness of IAS. Our results and the integrated database that we created provide a framework for studying IAS over large temporal and spatial scales that can be used in the development of management plans for dangerous IAS.
欧亚大陆北部幅员辽阔,包括陆地和水生生态系统,覆盖了几个自然区,并可进入三大洋。因此,它在很大的时间和空间尺度上受到了许多外来入侵物种的入侵。本研究的目的是评估俄罗斯TOP-100最危险IAS的入侵趋势并构建物种分布模型。基于外来物种属性数据库、169709个物种发生记录(SOR)数据集和使用物种分布建模(MaxEnt)的环境变量光栅层,建立了适合IAS的环境区域。本研究的目的是(1)为俄罗斯TOP-100 IAS创建SOR数据库;2) 确定途径、停留时间、供体区域和入侵趋势;(3) 确定入侵物种的主要空间分布类型及其与停留时间的关系;以及(4)区分对俄罗斯陆地和水生生态系统有强烈影响的IAS丰度最高的地区。我们发现,尽管物种入侵可以追溯到400多年前,但在过去的76年里,归化IAS的数量呈非线性增长。TOP-100榜单主要由无意引入的物种(62%)代表,这些物种具有不同的引入途径。物种发生记录显示,56种IAS在当地分布,26种在区域分布,18种在俄罗斯广泛分布。具有局部、区域或广泛分布的物种的特征是居住时间分别为55年、126年或190年。我们发现,与广泛分布的物种(预计仅增加7%)相比,具有局部分布的IAS可以更广泛地将其范围扩展到合适的区域(预计增加32%)。基于SOR确定热点/冷点位置的程序使我们能够确定IAS最丰富的俄罗斯地区。我们的研究结果和我们创建的综合数据库为在大的时间和空间尺度上研究IAS提供了一个框架,可用于制定危险IAS的管理计划。
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引用次数: 5
Chelonian challenge: three alien species from North America are moving their reproductive boundaries in Central Europe 切隆挑战:三个来自北美的外来物种正在中欧移动它们的繁殖边界
IF 5.1 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.82.87264
Benno Tietz, Johannes Penner, M. Vamberger
Biological invasions by alien species have substantial economic impacts and are a major driver of the ongoing decline and loss of biodiversity. Through humans, the North American pond slider (Trachemys scripta) has acquired a global distribution over the last decades and is currently listed among the worst invasive reptile species. However, in more recent times, other freshwater chelonian species have increasingly been recorded far outside their native distribution ranges as well, not only on the same continent but also on others. Despite that, the impact of alien chelonians on their respective new ecosystems remains unclear. The long-term effects and severity of impacts of alien populations mostly depend on whether they ultimately succeed in establishing themselves. This is not entirely resolved for chelonians in Central Europe. To answer that, we investigated wild populations of three non-native chelonian species from North America in Germany (Pseudemys concinna, Graptemys pseudogeographica and Trachemys scripta) applying population genetic approaches. We revealed the successful reproduction of all three species in Germany and provide the very first record for the reproduction of P. concinna and G. pseudogeographica in a temperate continental climate zone outside their native distribution. Based on our unambiguous evidence of natural reproduction, we call for dedicated studies to verify how widespread established populations are and to investigate the existing and potential impacts of all three species in a range of ecosystems along a climatic gradient. Such data is urgently needed to revise the current risk assessments of non-native chelonians, especially in Central European countries.
外来物种的生物入侵具有重大的经济影响,是生物多样性持续下降和丧失的主要驱动因素。通过人类,北美池塘滑块(Trachemys scripta)在过去的几十年里获得了全球分布,目前被列为最严重的入侵爬行动物物种之一。然而,在最近的时间里,其他淡水龟物种也越来越多地在远离其本地分布范围的地方被记录下来,不仅在同一大陆,而且在其他大陆。尽管如此,外来的龟类动物对它们各自的新生态系统的影响仍不清楚。外来人口的长期影响和影响的严重程度主要取决于他们最终能否成功地定居下来。对于中欧的chelonians来说,这并没有完全解决。为了回答这个问题,我们采用群体遗传学方法对3种来自北美的非本地龟种在德国的野生种群(pseudomyys concinna, Graptemys pseudogeography和Trachemys scripta)进行了调查。我们在德国发现了这三个物种的成功繁殖,并首次提供了在温带大陆性气候区繁殖的记录。基于我们对自然繁殖的明确证据,我们呼吁进行专门的研究,以验证已建立种群的分布范围,并调查这三种物种在一系列气候梯度生态系统中的现有和潜在影响。迫切需要这些数据来修订目前对非本地龟的风险评估,特别是在中欧国家。
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引用次数: 0
A bug’s tale: revealing the history, biogeography and ecological patterns of 500 years of insect invasions A虫子的故事:揭示500年来昆虫入侵的历史、生物地理和生态模式
2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2023-01-31 DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.81.87362
Daniela N. López, Eduardo Fuentes-Contreras, Cecilia Ruiz, Sandra Ide, Sergio A. Estay
The arrival of Europeans to the Americas triggered a massive exchange of organisms on a continental scale. This exchange was accelerated by the rapid increase in the movement of people and goods during the 20 th century. In Chile, scientific and technical literature contains hundreds of records of non-native insect species established in different parts of the territory, from the hyperarid Atacama Desert to the Magallanes Region. Here, we analyse temporal trends, taxonomic diversity, biogeographic origin and main impacts of these species on different sectors in Chile from the European arrival to the present. Our task includes a review of old records in museum catalogues, libraries, collections, expedition records and catalogues. Almost 600 species of non-native insects have been reported to be established in Chile. Introductions started with the very arrival of Europeans to the central valley of Chile and underwent a huge acceleration in the second half of the 20 th century. The order Hemiptera was the most prevalent amongst non-native insects. Most species are linked to agriculture and forestry. Species are of Palearctic origin in more than 50% of the records. In terms of temporal trends, the rate of established non-native species shows an abrupt increase at the beginning of the 1950s. This change may be associated with the strong development in agriculture and forestry in Chile after World War II and the increase in intercontinental air traffic. We believe that the understanding of past patterns of introductions is an important component in the design of current policies to minimise the impact of invasive insects.
欧洲人来到美洲,引发了整个大陆范围内生物的大规模交换。20世纪人员和货物流动的迅速增加加速了这种交流。在智利,从极度干旱的阿塔卡马沙漠(Atacama Desert)到麦哲伦地区(Magallanes Region),科技文献中包含了数百种在该国不同地区发现的非本地昆虫物种的记录。在这里,我们分析了时间趋势,分类多样性,生物地理起源和这些物种对智利不同部门的主要影响,从欧洲到达到现在。我们的任务包括审查博物馆目录、图书馆、收藏品、探险记录和目录中的旧记录。据报道,在智利发现了近600种非本地昆虫。引进始于欧洲人到达智利中部山谷,并在20世纪下半叶经历了巨大的加速。半翅目是外来昆虫中最常见的目。大多数物种与农业和林业有关。在超过50%的记录中,物种是古北起源的。就时间趋势而言,已确定的非本地物种的比率在20世纪50年代初突然增加。这种变化可能与第二次世界大战后智利农业和林业的强劲发展以及洲际空中交通的增加有关。我们认为,了解过去的引进模式是设计当前政策的重要组成部分,以尽量减少入侵昆虫的影响。
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引用次数: 1
Effects of the invasive leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.) on plant community structure are altered by management history 入侵叶菜(Euphorbia esula L.) Effects对植物群落结构的影响受管理历史的影响
IF 5.1 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2023-01-27 DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.81.89450
Catherine Liu, Terava Groff, E. Anderson, Charlotte Brown, James F. Cahill Jr., Lee Paulow, J. A. Bennett
Invasive species threaten biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, often causing changes in plant community composition and, thus, the functional traits of that community. Quantifying changes in traits can help us understand invasive species impacts on communities; however, both the invader and the plant community may be responding to the same environmental drivers. In North America, leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.) is a problematic invader that reduces plant diversity and forage production for livestock. Its documented effects on plant communities differ amongst studies, however, potentially due to differences in productivity or land management. To identify the potential effects of leafy spurge on plant communities, we quantified leafy spurge abundance, plant species richness, forage production, functional group composition and community weighted mean traits, intensively at a single site and extensively across ten sites differing in management. We then tested how leafy spurge abundance related to these variables as a function of site management activities. Leafy spurge abundance was consistently associated with fewer plant species, reduced forage production and more invasive grass. Community-weighted specific root length also consistently increased with leafy spurge abundance, suggesting that belowground competition may be important in determining co-existence with leafy spurge. Other changes were dependent on management. Native forbs were excluded as leafy spurge became more abundant, but only in grazed sites as these species were already absent from ungrazed sites. Taller plants better persisted in dense leafy spurge patches, but only in grazed sites, consistent with either facilitation of taller species via associational defences or competitive exclusion of shorter species in ungrazed sites and dense leafy spurge patches. These results show that, despite some emergent properties of invasion, management context can alter invasion impacts by causing changes in the plant community and its interactions with the invader.
入侵物种威胁生物多样性和生态系统功能,往往导致植物群落组成的变化,从而改变该群落的功能特征。量化性状的变化可以帮助我们了解入侵物种对群落的影响;然而,入侵者和植物群落都可能对相同的环境驱动因素做出反应。在北美,叶菜(Euphorbia esula L.)是一个有问题的入侵者,它减少了植物多样性和牲畜饲料生产。然而,在不同的研究中,其记录的对植物群落的影响有所不同,这可能是由于生产力或土地管理的差异。为了确定阔叶菜对植物群落的潜在影响,我们量化了阔叶菜丰度、植物物种丰富度、饲料产量、功能群组成和群落加权平均性状,集中在单个站点,广泛地在10个不同管理方式的站点。然后,我们测试了叶芽丰度与这些变量之间的关系,作为场地管理活动的功能。叶茎阔叶草丰度与植物种类减少、饲料产量减少和入侵牧草增多有关。群落加权比根长也随着阔叶菜丰度的增加而增加,表明地下竞争可能是决定阔叶菜与阔叶菜共存的重要因素。其他变化取决于管理层。原生植物被排除在外,因为叶类植物变得更加丰富,但仅在放牧地,因为这些物种在未放牧地已经缺失。较高的植物在茂密的叶丛斑块中更好地生存,但仅在放牧地,这与在未放牧地和茂密的叶丛斑块中,通过联合防御促进较高物种的生存或竞争排斥较矮物种相一致。这些结果表明,尽管入侵具有一些突发性特征,但管理环境可以通过引起植物群落及其与入侵者的相互作用的变化来改变入侵的影响。
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引用次数: 1
Status and distribution of an introduced population of European Goldfinches (Carduelis carduelis) in the western Great Lakes region of North America 北美五大湖区西部欧洲金翅雀(Carduelis Carduelis)引种种群的现状和分布
IF 5.1 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2023-01-24 DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.81.97736
Julie A. Craves, N. Anich
Despite the importance of monitoring introduced species, reports of non-native birds are often initially dismissed by observers. This leads to serious information gaps about source localities, founding numbers, and growth and expansion of potential new populations. Here, we report on European Goldfinches in North America between 2001 and 2021, focusing on the western Great Lakes region. We compiled over 7000 records of European Goldfinches from multiple sources; over 3300 records were from the western Great Lakes. This species was initially reported widely in this region, but over time, birds were most consistently reported between Milwaukee, Wisconsin and Chicago, Illinois. They have been breeding in this area continuously since 2003 and the number of reported observations has increased in recent years. From our compiled records, we describe their distribution, breeding status, nesting phenology, and natural food sources. From import records, we provide evidence that the likely primary founding event of this population was release or escape from a cage bird importer in northern Illinois and provide information on possible origins. We briefly discuss possible ecological impacts. We highlight weaknesses in the way data on non-native species are currently collected and how it has impeded our ability to thoroughly reconstruct the recent history of this species in the western Great Lakes region. Formal study is needed on this population of European Goldfinches, including their potentially increasing population and range, ecology, and an evaluation of the potential effects on native ecosystems.
尽管监测引进物种很重要,但观察者最初往往对非本土鸟类的报告不屑一顾。这导致了关于来源地、创始人数以及潜在新人口增长和扩张的严重信息差距。在这里,我们报道了2001年至2021年间北美的欧洲金翅雀,重点关注五大湖西部地区。我们从多个来源收集了7000多份欧洲金翅雀的记录;超过3300份记录来自五大湖西部。该物种最初在该地区被广泛报道,但随着时间的推移,威斯康星州密尔沃基和伊利诺伊州芝加哥之间的鸟类报道最为一致。自2003年以来,它们一直在该地区繁殖,近年来报告的观测数量有所增加。从我们汇编的记录中,我们描述了它们的分布、繁殖状况、筑巢表型和天然食物来源。根据进口记录,我们提供了证据,证明该种群可能的主要创始事件是从伊利诺伊州北部的一个笼鸟进口商那里释放或逃跑,并提供了可能起源的信息。我们简要讨论了可能的生态影响。我们强调了目前收集非本土物种数据的方式存在的弱点,以及它如何阻碍了我们在大湖区西部彻底重建该物种近代史的能力。需要对欧洲金翅雀的种群进行正式研究,包括它们可能增加的种群和范围、生态学,以及对本地生态系统潜在影响的评估。
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引用次数: 0
Rarely naturalized, but widespread and even invasive: the paradox of a popular pet terrapin expansion in Eurasia Rarely归化,但广泛,甚至入侵:一种受欢迎的宠物龟在欧亚大陆扩张的悖论
2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2023-01-24 DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.81.90473
Andrey N. Reshetnikov, Marina G. Zibrova, Dinçer Ayaz, Santosh Bhattarai, Oleg V. Borodin, Amaël Borzée, Jindřich Brejcha, Kerim Çiçek, Maria Dimaki, Igor V. Doronin, Sergey M. Drobenkov, Uzlipat A. Gichikhanova, Anastasia Y. Gladkova, Dmitriy A. Gordeev, Yiannis Ioannidis, Mikhail P. Ilyukh, Elena A. Interesova, Trupti D. Jadhav, Dmitry P. Karabanov, Viner F. Khabibullin, Tolibjon K. Khabilov, M. Monirul H. Khan, Artem A. Kidov, Alexandr S. Klimov, Denis N. Kochetkov, Vladimir G. Kolbintsev, Sergius L. Kuzmin, Konstantin Y. Lotiev, Nora E. Louppova, Vladimir D. Lvov, Sergey M. Lyapkov, Igor M. Martynenko, Irina V. Maslova, Rafaqat Masroor, Liudmila F. Mazanaeva, Dmitriy A. Milko, Konstantin D. Milto, Omid Mozaffari, Truong Q. Nguyen, Ruslan V. Novitsky, Andrey B. Petrovskiy, Vladimir A. Prelovskiy, Valentin V. Serbin, Hai-tao Shi, Nikolay V. Skalon, Richard P. J. H. Struijk, Mari Taniguchi, David Tarkhnishvili, Vladimir F. Tsurkan, Oleg Y. Tyutenkov, Mikhail V. Ushakov, Dmitriy A. Vekhov, Fanrong Xiao, Andrey V. Yakimov, Tatyana I. Yakovleva, Peimin Yang, Dmitriy F. Zeleev, Varos G. Petrosyan
The North American terrapin, the red-eared slider, has globally recognized invasive status. We built a new extensive database using our own original and literature data on the ecology of this reptile, representing information on 1477 water bodies throughout Eurasia over the last 50 years. The analysis reveals regions of earliest introductions and long-term spatio-temporal dynamics of the expansion covering now 68 Eurasian countries, including eight countries reported here for the first time. We established also long-term trends in terms of numbers of terrapins per aquatic site, habitat occupation, and reproduction success. Our investigation has revealed differences in the ecology of the red-eared slider in different parts of Eurasia. The most prominent expression of diverse signs of invasion success (higher portion of inhabited natural water bodies, higher number of individuals per water body, successful overwintering, occurrence of juvenile individuals, successful reproduction, and establishment of populations) are typical for Europe, West Asia and East Asia and tend to be restricted to coastal regions and islands. Reproduction records coincide well with the predicted potential range based on climatic requirements but records of successful wintering have a wider distribution. This invader provides an excellent and possibly unique (among animals) example of wide alien distribution, without the establishment of reproducing populations, but through the recruitment of new individuals to rising pseudopopulations due to additional releases. Therefore, alongside the potential reproduction range, a cost-effective strategy for population control must take in account the geographical area of successful wintering.
北美红耳龟是全球公认的入侵物种。我们利用我们自己的原始和文献数据建立了一个新的广泛的数据库,该数据库包含了过去50年来欧亚大陆1477个水体的信息。分析揭示了最早引进的地区和扩展的长期时空动态,涵盖了68个欧亚国家,其中包括8个首次报道的国家。我们还建立了每个水生地点的水龟数量、栖息地占用和繁殖成功率的长期趋势。我们的调查揭示了欧亚大陆不同地区红耳滑鼠的生态差异。入侵成功的多样性特征表现在欧洲、西亚和东亚,主要集中在沿海地区和岛屿地区,如有较高比例的自然水体、较高的个体数量、成功的越冬、幼鱼的出现、成功的繁殖和种群的建立。繁殖记录与根据气候要求预测的潜在范围吻合良好,但成功越冬的记录分布更广。这种入侵者提供了一个优秀的,可能是独一无二的(动物中)外来物种广泛分布的例子,没有建立可繁殖的种群,而是通过招募新的个体来增加由于额外释放的伪种群。因此,除了潜在的繁殖范围外,控制人口的成本效益战略必须考虑到成功越冬的地理区域。
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引用次数: 1
Linear scaling – negative effects of invasive Spiraea tomentosa (Rosaceae) on wetland plants and pollinator communities Linear入侵毛绣线菊(蔷薇科)对湿地植物和传粉者群落的负面影响
IF 5.1 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2023-01-23 DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.81.95849
B. Wiatrowska, P. Kurek, D. Moroń, W. Celary, A. Chrzanowski, P. Trzciński, Łukasz Piechnik
Invasive plants directly and indirectly disrupt the ecosystem functioning, of which indirect effects, for example, through trophic cascades, are particularly difficult to predict. It is frequently assumed that the impact of an invading species on the ecosystem is proportional (linearly related) to its density or abundance in a habitat, but this assumption has rarely been tested. We hypothesised that abundance and richness of plants and potentially pollinators of wet meadows change as a result of invasion of steeplebush Spiraea tomentosa and that these changes are proportional to the density of the shrub. We selected 27 sites amongst wet meadows habitats invaded by S. tomentosa with coverage ranging from 0% to 100% and examined the diversity of plants, as well as the abundance and diversity of flower visitors (bees, butterflies with moths and flies). Our results showed that the richness of plants, as well as the richness and number of individuals of flower visitors, decrease significantly and linearly with an increase of the S. tomentosa cover. This finding supports the hypothesis that the impact of an invasive species can be proportional to their population density, especially if this species is limiting the available resources without supplying others. Our study is the first to show such an unequivocal negative, linear effect of an invasive shrub on the abundance and richness of potential pollinators. It proves that the negative impact of S. tomentosa on the wetland ecosystem appears even with a minor coverage of the invader, which should be taken into account when planning activities aimed at controlling the population of this transformer species. The simultaneously detected linear dependence allows us to assume that the benefits of controlling secondary populations of the shrub can be proportional to the incurred effort.
入侵植物直接和间接破坏生态系统功能,其间接影响,例如通过营养级联,尤其难以预测。人们经常认为入侵物种对生态系统的影响与其栖息地的密度或丰度成正比(线性相关),但这一假设很少得到验证。我们假设,潮湿草地上植物和潜在传粉昆虫的丰度和丰富度因毛绣线菊的入侵而发生变化,这些变化与灌木的密度成正比。我们在被毛白杨入侵的潮湿草地栖息地中选择了27个地点,覆盖率从0%到100%不等,并检查了植物的多样性以及访花者(蜜蜂、蝴蝶、飞蛾和苍蝇)的丰富性和多样性。结果表明,随着毛白杨覆盖率的增加,植物的丰富度以及访花者的丰富度和个体数量显著线性下降。这一发现支持了这样一种假设,即入侵物种的影响可能与其种群密度成正比,特别是如果该物种在不供应其他物种的情况下限制了可用资源。我们的研究首次表明,入侵灌木对潜在传粉昆虫的丰度和丰富度有着明确的负面线性影响。这证明,即使入侵者的覆盖范围很小,毛白杨对湿地生态系统的负面影响也会出现,在规划旨在控制该变形虫种群的活动时,应考虑到这一点。同时检测到的线性依赖性使我们能够假设控制灌木次生种群的好处可以与所付出的努力成比例。
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引用次数: 0
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Neobiota
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