Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.2115/fiberst.2021-0031
H. Kanai, Kentaro Ogawa, Tetsu Sasagawa, Kiyohiro Shibata, Kei Kawauchi
The development of a right tool and metric for evaluating clothing comfort has received increasing interest. In this study, a dummy of the lower half of the human body was developed. The dummy was produced using a soft material and integrated with a kinematic function (hereinafter, referred to as “kinematic soft dummy”). The kinematic soft dummy was expected to reproduce the distribution of clothing pressure observed on test persons after placing a garment on it. A tool of this type could be applied to evaluate the motion adaptability of garments. In particular, it could be useful to fashion designers, textile makers, and pattern makers for always integrating their perception of motion adaptability into the design, development, and production stages, respectively. It could also enable customers to know the assessment results of the motion adaptability of a garment when they shop online, which is very useful for reducing the high return rate caused by unmet expectations. For the design and development of a dummy suitable for measuring clothing pressure, four important functions should be implemented: (1) Accurate replication of the body proportions and dimensions of a test person model; this not only offers high accuracy to the result of clothing pressure but also universalizes the result to be comparable. Such a dummy is called an anthropomorphic dummy. (2) Replication of body stiffness, which highly impacts the action and reaction of stress or its 【Transaction】
{"title":"Development of Kinematic Soft Dummy and Application on Clothing Pressure Measurement of Menʼs Suit Pants","authors":"H. Kanai, Kentaro Ogawa, Tetsu Sasagawa, Kiyohiro Shibata, Kei Kawauchi","doi":"10.2115/fiberst.2021-0031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2115/fiberst.2021-0031","url":null,"abstract":"The development of a right tool and metric for evaluating clothing comfort has received increasing interest. In this study, a dummy of the lower half of the human body was developed. The dummy was produced using a soft material and integrated with a kinematic function (hereinafter, referred to as “kinematic soft dummy”). The kinematic soft dummy was expected to reproduce the distribution of clothing pressure observed on test persons after placing a garment on it. A tool of this type could be applied to evaluate the motion adaptability of garments. In particular, it could be useful to fashion designers, textile makers, and pattern makers for always integrating their perception of motion adaptability into the design, development, and production stages, respectively. It could also enable customers to know the assessment results of the motion adaptability of a garment when they shop online, which is very useful for reducing the high return rate caused by unmet expectations. For the design and development of a dummy suitable for measuring clothing pressure, four important functions should be implemented: (1) Accurate replication of the body proportions and dimensions of a test person model; this not only offers high accuracy to the result of clothing pressure but also universalizes the result to be comparable. Such a dummy is called an anthropomorphic dummy. (2) Replication of body stiffness, which highly impacts the action and reaction of stress or its 【Transaction】","PeriodicalId":54299,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fiber Science and Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67638969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.2115/fiberst.2021-0032
Kohei Yamaguchi, T. Atomi, Kazuya Tanaka, Eri Ohto-Fujita, Miho Shimizu, Y. Atomi
The skin is the largest organ in the body; the area of the adult skin is approximately 1.6‒1.9 m [1]. The skin is located in the outermost of the body, and it serves as the boundary between the lateral side and inside. Therefore, the skin protects and helps keep humans healthy by guarding the whole body against external mechanical stress, maintaining body fluid balance, regulating body temperature, and sensing organs and immune functions. Protection against external mechanical stress is done by the reversible deformation mechanism in response to mechanical stimuli such as stretching and compression stress [2]. This mechanism is performed by skin elasticity. The skin can be stretched way above its original size. It can return to its original size, maintaining its original physical properties after being stretched [3‒5]. The elasticity of the skin is an important factor in normal joint movement. Therefore, reduced elasticity and extensibility of the skin under pathological conditions is likely to result in limited range of motion. Keloid 【Transaction】
{"title":"Biomechanical Properties of the Skin on the Dorsal Trunk in Young Men","authors":"Kohei Yamaguchi, T. Atomi, Kazuya Tanaka, Eri Ohto-Fujita, Miho Shimizu, Y. Atomi","doi":"10.2115/fiberst.2021-0032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2115/fiberst.2021-0032","url":null,"abstract":"The skin is the largest organ in the body; the area of the adult skin is approximately 1.6‒1.9 m [1]. The skin is located in the outermost of the body, and it serves as the boundary between the lateral side and inside. Therefore, the skin protects and helps keep humans healthy by guarding the whole body against external mechanical stress, maintaining body fluid balance, regulating body temperature, and sensing organs and immune functions. Protection against external mechanical stress is done by the reversible deformation mechanism in response to mechanical stimuli such as stretching and compression stress [2]. This mechanism is performed by skin elasticity. The skin can be stretched way above its original size. It can return to its original size, maintaining its original physical properties after being stretched [3‒5]. The elasticity of the skin is an important factor in normal joint movement. Therefore, reduced elasticity and extensibility of the skin under pathological conditions is likely to result in limited range of motion. Keloid 【Transaction】","PeriodicalId":54299,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fiber Science and Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67639095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.2115/fiberst.2021-0027
Takahiro Ohkawa, T. Atomi, Miho Shimizu, Y. Atomi
{"title":"Relationship of Lower Extremity Kinematics in the Sagittal Plane with Free Moment during Walking","authors":"Takahiro Ohkawa, T. Atomi, Miho Shimizu, Y. Atomi","doi":"10.2115/fiberst.2021-0027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2115/fiberst.2021-0027","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54299,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fiber Science and Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67638629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.2115/fiberst.2021-0033
T. Indumathi, R. Divya
: An absorbent core structure is revealed for acquiring and absorbing aqueous-based liquids in hygiene products. The core is made of fiber pulp for wicking and absorbing an aqueous-based liquid and retaining the liquid against moderate pressure. Non-wood based regenerated cellulose fibers are an attractive alternative for cotton and wood pulp. The bast fibres and grass fibers are converted to pulp for its applicability as high absorbency, biodegradability and dissolute compost ability need for healthcare products. Enhancing the moisture transport and storage of the liquid by the delignified fibrils made serves more when compared to other natural fibers. The fibers are delignified by kraft pulping process for its strength, bulk, porosity and other functional advantages. Absorbent core properties from two different fiber pulps were investigated pertained good result. Fiber dimension and morphology were evaluated through SEM analysis and free swell test.
{"title":"Development of Microfibril Absorbent Substantial for Hygiene Products using Compostable Agro-Residuals","authors":"T. Indumathi, R. Divya","doi":"10.2115/fiberst.2021-0033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2115/fiberst.2021-0033","url":null,"abstract":": An absorbent core structure is revealed for acquiring and absorbing aqueous-based liquids in hygiene products. The core is made of fiber pulp for wicking and absorbing an aqueous-based liquid and retaining the liquid against moderate pressure. Non-wood based regenerated cellulose fibers are an attractive alternative for cotton and wood pulp. The bast fibres and grass fibers are converted to pulp for its applicability as high absorbency, biodegradability and dissolute compost ability need for healthcare products. Enhancing the moisture transport and storage of the liquid by the delignified fibrils made serves more when compared to other natural fibers. The fibers are delignified by kraft pulping process for its strength, bulk, porosity and other functional advantages. Absorbent core properties from two different fiber pulps were investigated pertained good result. Fiber dimension and morphology were evaluated through SEM analysis and free swell test.","PeriodicalId":54299,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fiber Science and Technology","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67638728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-15DOI: 10.2115/fiberst.2020-0042
Olembe Roland Yves, Fokam Bopda Christian, Oru Benson Akum, Tchotang Theodore, Kenmeugne Bienvenu
{"title":"Physical and Mechanical Properties of Pineapple Fibers (Leaves, Stems and Roots) from Awae Cameroon for the Improvement of Composite Materials","authors":"Olembe Roland Yves, Fokam Bopda Christian, Oru Benson Akum, Tchotang Theodore, Kenmeugne Bienvenu","doi":"10.2115/fiberst.2020-0042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2115/fiberst.2020-0042","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54299,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fiber Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46407991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-15DOI: 10.2115/fiberst.2020-0044
Siva Jagadish Kumar M, M. Ramesh Naidu, J. Hayavadana
{"title":"Effect of Alkaline Hydrolysis of Jute / Polyester Union Fabrics on Low-Stress Mechanical Properties","authors":"Siva Jagadish Kumar M, M. Ramesh Naidu, J. Hayavadana","doi":"10.2115/fiberst.2020-0044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2115/fiberst.2020-0044","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54299,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fiber Science and Technology","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67639036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-15DOI: 10.2115/FIBERST.2020-0045
Tatsuma Kunimitsu, Chisa Ikeda, Shuntaro Oshima, Toshifumi Ikaga, Kyounghou Kim, Y. Ohkoshi, Masayuki Takata, Tomoyoshi Yamashita
Knot-pull strength̶the tensile breaking stress of a knotted fiber̶is one of the most important fiber properties. It is often regarded as a more important property than tensile strength, particularly with regard to ships, fisheries, and civil engineering [1]. Polypropylene (PP) monofilament, that is, a thick single fiber, is commonly used for these applications because it is highly flexible. The tensile strength of PP fibers has increased recently, but their knot-pull strength has barely increased. This sluggish increase in the knot-pull strength has now become a critical problem. The sluggish increase may be attributed to the complex breakage of knotted fibers. For example, the draw ratio at which the knot-pull strength reached a maximum is often lower than the draw ratio of the tensile strength maximum [2-4]. This indicates that a knotted fiber is not only broken by the tensile force but also by other forces, such as bending, compressional, twisting, shearing, and frictional forces applied to the knotted fiber [5, 6]. Yamaki explained the knot breakage mainly by the tensile force under the influence of radial compressional force [1], Pieranski et al. explained the knot breakage with computer simulations mainly by the bending force [7], and Uehara et al. interpreted the influence of twisting force on breakage [8]. Because the mechanism by which knotted fiber breaks is complex, the fiber breaking behavior also varies depending on the crosssectional shape of the fiber or fiber bundle, the material, and the operating environment. The location of the fiber breakage varies, for example, most knotted fibers tend to break in the vicinity of the knot entrance [9], but fibers also break within the knot [3]. There have been many other studies on the breaking mechanism of knotted fibers. Konda et al. [10, 11] investigated the knot breaking mechanism using tensile stress‒strain curves. They ignored the shearing and lateral compressional forces and assumed that the fiber breaks according to the sum of the tensile and bending strains. Yabe suggested that a knotted fiber is broken by the weakest of three 【Transaction】
{"title":"Effects of Draw Ratio and Additive on Knot-Pull Breaking Phenomenon in a Polypropylene Monofilament","authors":"Tatsuma Kunimitsu, Chisa Ikeda, Shuntaro Oshima, Toshifumi Ikaga, Kyounghou Kim, Y. Ohkoshi, Masayuki Takata, Tomoyoshi Yamashita","doi":"10.2115/FIBERST.2020-0045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2115/FIBERST.2020-0045","url":null,"abstract":"Knot-pull strength̶the tensile breaking stress of a knotted fiber̶is one of the most important fiber properties. It is often regarded as a more important property than tensile strength, particularly with regard to ships, fisheries, and civil engineering [1]. Polypropylene (PP) monofilament, that is, a thick single fiber, is commonly used for these applications because it is highly flexible. The tensile strength of PP fibers has increased recently, but their knot-pull strength has barely increased. This sluggish increase in the knot-pull strength has now become a critical problem. The sluggish increase may be attributed to the complex breakage of knotted fibers. For example, the draw ratio at which the knot-pull strength reached a maximum is often lower than the draw ratio of the tensile strength maximum [2-4]. This indicates that a knotted fiber is not only broken by the tensile force but also by other forces, such as bending, compressional, twisting, shearing, and frictional forces applied to the knotted fiber [5, 6]. Yamaki explained the knot breakage mainly by the tensile force under the influence of radial compressional force [1], Pieranski et al. explained the knot breakage with computer simulations mainly by the bending force [7], and Uehara et al. interpreted the influence of twisting force on breakage [8]. Because the mechanism by which knotted fiber breaks is complex, the fiber breaking behavior also varies depending on the crosssectional shape of the fiber or fiber bundle, the material, and the operating environment. The location of the fiber breakage varies, for example, most knotted fibers tend to break in the vicinity of the knot entrance [9], but fibers also break within the knot [3]. There have been many other studies on the breaking mechanism of knotted fibers. Konda et al. [10, 11] investigated the knot breaking mechanism using tensile stress‒strain curves. They ignored the shearing and lateral compressional forces and assumed that the fiber breaks according to the sum of the tensile and bending strains. Yabe suggested that a knotted fiber is broken by the weakest of three 【Transaction】","PeriodicalId":54299,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fiber Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47691666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-15DOI: 10.2115/FIBERST.2020-0043
Takashi Yoshida
: This review focuses on the previous and recent results as well as related literatures regarding the anti-HIV mechanism of sulfated alkyl poly- and oligosaccharides. and positively charged amino acids in HIV gp120. The mechanism was assumed to be similar to the electrostatic interaction between a natural blood anticoagulant sulfated polysaccharide heparin and a protease inhibitor antithrombin III. In addition, the anti-HIV mechanism of curdlan sulfate was quantitatively investigated using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) measured with oligopeptides from three regions in HIV gp120, V3 loop, C-terminus, and CD4 binding domain. These studies revealed the interaction between oligopeptides of the V3 loop and C-terminus bearing positively charged amino acid accumulated regions in each sequence. These results indicated that the anti-HIV activity of sulfated polysaccharides involves electrostatic interactions. It was reported that a long-chain alkyl group in sulfated alkyl oligosaccharides plays a key role in the enhancement of anti-HIV activity. The interaction between sulfated alkyl poly- and oligosaccharides and liposomes as a model of HIV was also discussed by SPR and DLS measurements, suggesting that the long-chain alkyl group penetrated into the lipid bilayer of HIV, and then sulfated poly- and oligosaccharide portions electrostatically interacted with HIV gp120 to produce potent anti-HIV activity. 3- O octadecyl dextran. These results were suggestive for the potent anti-HIV and cytotoxicity of sulfated alkyl poly-and
{"title":"Anti-HIV Mechanism of Sulfated Poly and Oligosaccharides","authors":"Takashi Yoshida","doi":"10.2115/FIBERST.2020-0043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2115/FIBERST.2020-0043","url":null,"abstract":": This review focuses on the previous and recent results as well as related literatures regarding the anti-HIV mechanism of sulfated alkyl poly- and oligosaccharides. and positively charged amino acids in HIV gp120. The mechanism was assumed to be similar to the electrostatic interaction between a natural blood anticoagulant sulfated polysaccharide heparin and a protease inhibitor antithrombin III. In addition, the anti-HIV mechanism of curdlan sulfate was quantitatively investigated using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) measured with oligopeptides from three regions in HIV gp120, V3 loop, C-terminus, and CD4 binding domain. These studies revealed the interaction between oligopeptides of the V3 loop and C-terminus bearing positively charged amino acid accumulated regions in each sequence. These results indicated that the anti-HIV activity of sulfated polysaccharides involves electrostatic interactions. It was reported that a long-chain alkyl group in sulfated alkyl oligosaccharides plays a key role in the enhancement of anti-HIV activity. The interaction between sulfated alkyl poly- and oligosaccharides and liposomes as a model of HIV was also discussed by SPR and DLS measurements, suggesting that the long-chain alkyl group penetrated into the lipid bilayer of HIV, and then sulfated poly- and oligosaccharide portions electrostatically interacted with HIV gp120 to produce potent anti-HIV activity. 3- O octadecyl dextran. These results were suggestive for the potent anti-HIV and cytotoxicity of sulfated alkyl poly-and","PeriodicalId":54299,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fiber Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44494427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-15DOI: 10.2115/fiberst.2020-0040
Jin Gong, T. Miyazaki, Kohei Takahashi, Y. Mao, M. Sugimoto
: A potentially effective method to prepare fibers of polymer gels with chemically crosslinked structure using ultraviolet (UV)-reactive electrospinning (UV-ES) is demonstrated. The UV-ES method makes sure the polymerization (i. e., gelation) proceeds simultaneously with the spinning process through employing an UV irradiator between the nozzle and the target (fiber collector). The fiber manufacturing via UV-ES succeeded for both polymer gels of poly(N, N-dimethylacrylamide) (G(DMAA)) and poly(DMAA-stearyl acrylate-dodecyl acrylate) (G(DMAA-SA-DA)). It is found that the viscosity of gel reactions influences the fiber diameter greatly. Higher viscosity generally tends to result in an increase in diameter of fibers regardless of the electric field intensity. Depending on the spinning conditions, G(DMAA) fibers with a diameter ranging 2 nm ~ 5.5 µ m, and G(DMAA-SA-DA) fibers with a diameter ranging 30~100 µ m are produced. The FTIR measurement for the resultant G(DMAA) and G(DMAA-SA-DA) fibers illustrates the polymerization essentially completed while spinning the fibers. This study highlights the potential possibilities of the UV-ES method in practical fiber-manufacturing applications for polymer gels.
介绍了一种利用紫外-反应静电纺丝(UV- es)制备具有化学交联结构的聚合物凝胶纤维的有效方法。UV- es方法通过在喷嘴和目标(纤维收集器)之间使用紫外线照射器，确保聚合(即凝胶化)与纺丝过程同时进行。紫外分光光度法成功制备了聚(N, N-二甲基丙烯酰胺)(G(DMAA))和聚(DMAA-丙烯酸硬脂酯-丙烯酸十二酯)(G(DMAA- sa - da))聚合物凝胶。结果表明，凝胶反应的粘度对纤维直径影响较大。无论电场强度如何，较高的粘度通常会导致纤维直径的增加。根据纺丝条件的不同，可生产直径为2nm ~ 5.5µm的G(DMAA)纤维和直径为30~100µm的G(DMAA- sa - da)纤维。对合成的G(DMAA)和G(DMAA- sa - da)纤维的FTIR测量表明，聚合基本上是在纤维纺丝时完成的。这项研究强调了紫外光谱法在聚合物凝胶纤维制造中的潜在应用。
{"title":"Polymer Gel Fibers Produced by UV-Reactive Electrospinning","authors":"Jin Gong, T. Miyazaki, Kohei Takahashi, Y. Mao, M. Sugimoto","doi":"10.2115/fiberst.2020-0040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2115/fiberst.2020-0040","url":null,"abstract":": A potentially effective method to prepare fibers of polymer gels with chemically crosslinked structure using ultraviolet (UV)-reactive electrospinning (UV-ES) is demonstrated. The UV-ES method makes sure the polymerization (i. e., gelation) proceeds simultaneously with the spinning process through employing an UV irradiator between the nozzle and the target (fiber collector). The fiber manufacturing via UV-ES succeeded for both polymer gels of poly(N, N-dimethylacrylamide) (G(DMAA)) and poly(DMAA-stearyl acrylate-dodecyl acrylate) (G(DMAA-SA-DA)). It is found that the viscosity of gel reactions influences the fiber diameter greatly. Higher viscosity generally tends to result in an increase in diameter of fibers regardless of the electric field intensity. Depending on the spinning conditions, G(DMAA) fibers with a diameter ranging 2 nm ~ 5.5 µ m, and G(DMAA-SA-DA) fibers with a diameter ranging 30~100 µ m are produced. The FTIR measurement for the resultant G(DMAA) and G(DMAA-SA-DA) fibers illustrates the polymerization essentially completed while spinning the fibers. This study highlights the potential possibilities of the UV-ES method in practical fiber-manufacturing applications for polymer gels.","PeriodicalId":54299,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fiber Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48639348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-15DOI: 10.2115/fiberst.2020-0041
A. Kuzuhara
羊毛のセット処理,及び毛髪のパーマネントウェー ブ処理は,毛髪中に存在する‒SS‒結合の切断(還元工 程)と再結合(酸化工程)を巧みに利用したものであり, 羊毛や毛髪などのケラチン繊維の物理化学的性質の変 化や,セット工程における化学は,広く研究されてい る.一般に還元工程における還元剤としては,チオグ リコール酸(TG),L-システイン(CYS)などが使用さ れており,これら還元剤が,毛髪コルテックス内に拡 散することにより,初めてその機能(‒SS‒結合の切断) が発現される.われわれは,既に毛髪中への還元剤の 拡散パターンとしては,主に 2 つのパターン,すなわ ち TG に代表されるような「Fick 型の拡散パターン」 と CYS に代表されるような「非 Fick 型(Box 型)の拡 散パターン」が存在することを報告している[1].ま た,ラマン分光法を用いて TG 処理した毛髪断面試料 の内部構造変化を解析することにより,TG の拡散パ ターンと‒SS‒切断パターンが一致することを明らか にしている[2‒4].これに対して,CYS の拡散パター ンと‒SS‒切断パターンが一致せず,CYS の反応速度 (‒SS‒結合の切断速度)が,拡散速度よりも遅いこと を明らかにしている[5].特に「Fick 型の拡散パター ン」をとる還元剤をパーマネントウェーブ剤に配合し た場合,拡散係数に濃度依存性がなく,還元剤が毛髪 コルテックス内に深く浸透し,その結果,優れたパー マネントウェーブ性能(ウェーブ効率の向上,毛髪ダ メージの抑制)を発現することが可能となる.したがっ て,各種還元剤の毛髪内拡散挙動に関する知見を得る ことは,機能性に優れたパーマネントウェーブ剤を開 Abstract: In order to investigate the diffusion behavior of reducing agents into hair keratin fibers, crosssectional samples of virgin white human hair treated with thioglycolic acid (TG), thiolactic acid (TL), and Lcysteine (CYS), which have a carboxyl group in their molecule, were prepared. After the treatment, the crosssectioned hair samples were dyed with methylene blue and the cross-sectional intensity spectra were measured at a wavelength of 664 nm (λmax of methylene blue) with a microspectrophotometer. The three different diffusion patterns from the three reducing agents (TG, TL, and CYS) were obtained. The diffusion pattern of TL, which appeared as a sharp boundary line by using an optical microscope showed a combination of Fickian (TG) and Non-Fickian (CYS) types. Also, the diffusion pattern of thioglycerol (TGR), cysteamine hydrochloride, butyrolactonethiol, and glyceryl monothioglycolate, which don’t have any carboxyl group in their molecule showed Fickian type characteristics. In addition, it was found that the different alkali agents influenced the diffusion behavior of TGR and TG into virgin white human hair, and especially the waving efficiency of the waved hair treated with TGR. From these experiments, it has been concluded that the diffusion patterns of the reducing agents depended on the electrostatic interaction between the human hair and the reducing agents, and the chemical structure of the reducing agents. (Received 4 October, 2019; Accepted 18 September, 2020)
羊毛的定型处理以及毛发的烫发处理，巧妙地利用了毛发中存在的‒SS‒结合的切断（还原工序）和再结合（氧化工序），羊毛和毛发等角蛋白纤维的物理化学性质的变化，以及定型工序中的化学，作为还原工序中的还原剂，一般使用硫代甘醇酸（TG）、L-半胱氨酸（CYS）等，这些还原剂通过在毛发软木内扩散，首次发现其功能（‒SS‒键的切断），主要报告了以2个模式、砂川TG为代表的“Fick型扩散模式”和以CYS为代表的“非Fick型（Box型）扩散模式”的存在[1]，与此相对，CYS的扩散模式与‒SS‒切断模式不一致，CYS的反应速度（‒SS‒结合的切断速度）为，明确了比扩散速度慢[5]。特别是将采取“Fick型扩散模式”的还原剂配合到坡莫宁波剂中时，扩散系数没有浓度依赖性，还原剂深入毛发科氏体内，其结果是，因此，获得关于各种还原剂的毛发内扩散行为的知识，是打开功能性优良的烫发剂Abstract:Inorder to investigate the diffusion behavior of reducing agents into hair keratin fibers，crosssectional samples of virgin white human hair treated with thioglycolic acid（TG），thiolactic acid（TL），and Lcysteine（CYS），which have a carboxyl group in their molecule，were prepared。（664nm）（664nm）（664nm）λmax of methylene blue）with a microspectrophotometer。The three different diffusion patterns from the three reducing agents（TG，TL，and CYS）were obtained。The diffusion pattern of TL，which appeared asa sharp boundary line byusing an optical microscope showed a combination of Fickian（TG）and Non-Fickian（CYS）types。Also，the diffusion pattern of thioglycerol（TGR），cysteamine hydrochloride，butyrolactonethiol，and glyceryl monothioglycolate，which don’thave any carboxyl group in their molecule showed Fickian type characteristics。In addition，it was found that the different alkali agents influenced the diffusion behavior of TGR and TG into virgin white human hair，and especially the waving efficiency of the waved hair treated with TGR。From these experiments，it has been concluded that the diffusion patterns of the reducing agents depended on the electrostatic interaction between the human hair and the reducing agents，and the chemical structure of the reducing agents。（Received4October，2019；Accepted18September，2020）
{"title":"Diffusion Behavior of ReducingAgents into Hair Keratin Fibers Using Dyeing Technique with Basic Dye and Microspectrophotometry","authors":"A. Kuzuhara","doi":"10.2115/fiberst.2020-0041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2115/fiberst.2020-0041","url":null,"abstract":"羊毛のセット処理,及び毛髪のパーマネントウェー ブ処理は,毛髪中に存在する‒SS‒結合の切断(還元工 程)と再結合(酸化工程)を巧みに利用したものであり, 羊毛や毛髪などのケラチン繊維の物理化学的性質の変 化や,セット工程における化学は,広く研究されてい る.一般に還元工程における還元剤としては,チオグ リコール酸(TG),L-システイン(CYS)などが使用さ れており,これら還元剤が,毛髪コルテックス内に拡 散することにより,初めてその機能(‒SS‒結合の切断) が発現される.われわれは,既に毛髪中への還元剤の 拡散パターンとしては,主に 2 つのパターン,すなわ ち TG に代表されるような「Fick 型の拡散パターン」 と CYS に代表されるような「非 Fick 型(Box 型)の拡 散パターン」が存在することを報告している[1].ま た,ラマン分光法を用いて TG 処理した毛髪断面試料 の内部構造変化を解析することにより,TG の拡散パ ターンと‒SS‒切断パターンが一致することを明らか にしている[2‒4].これに対して,CYS の拡散パター ンと‒SS‒切断パターンが一致せず,CYS の反応速度 (‒SS‒結合の切断速度)が,拡散速度よりも遅いこと を明らかにしている[5].特に「Fick 型の拡散パター ン」をとる還元剤をパーマネントウェーブ剤に配合し た場合,拡散係数に濃度依存性がなく,還元剤が毛髪 コルテックス内に深く浸透し,その結果,優れたパー マネントウェーブ性能(ウェーブ効率の向上,毛髪ダ メージの抑制)を発現することが可能となる.したがっ て,各種還元剤の毛髪内拡散挙動に関する知見を得る ことは,機能性に優れたパーマネントウェーブ剤を開 Abstract: In order to investigate the diffusion behavior of reducing agents into hair keratin fibers, crosssectional samples of virgin white human hair treated with thioglycolic acid (TG), thiolactic acid (TL), and Lcysteine (CYS), which have a carboxyl group in their molecule, were prepared. After the treatment, the crosssectioned hair samples were dyed with methylene blue and the cross-sectional intensity spectra were measured at a wavelength of 664 nm (λmax of methylene blue) with a microspectrophotometer. The three different diffusion patterns from the three reducing agents (TG, TL, and CYS) were obtained. The diffusion pattern of TL, which appeared as a sharp boundary line by using an optical microscope showed a combination of Fickian (TG) and Non-Fickian (CYS) types. Also, the diffusion pattern of thioglycerol (TGR), cysteamine hydrochloride, butyrolactonethiol, and glyceryl monothioglycolate, which don’t have any carboxyl group in their molecule showed Fickian type characteristics. In addition, it was found that the different alkali agents influenced the diffusion behavior of TGR and TG into virgin white human hair, and especially the waving efficiency of the waved hair treated with TGR. From these experiments, it has been concluded that the diffusion patterns of the reducing agents depended on the electrostatic interaction between the human hair and the reducing agents, and the chemical structure of the reducing agents. (Received 4 October, 2019; Accepted 18 September, 2020)","PeriodicalId":54299,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fiber Science and Technology","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41303767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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