Connor Quigley, Shah M. Limon, Rokeya Sarah, Ahasan Habib
Due to its inbuilt ability to release biocompatible materials encapsulating living cells in a predefined location, 3D bioprinting is a promising technique for regenerating patient-specific tissues and organs. Among various 3D bioprinting techniques, extrusion-based 3D bioprinting ensures a higher percentage of cell release, ensuring suitable external and internal scaffold architectures. Scaffold architecture is mainly defined by filament geometry and width. A systematic selection of a set of process parameters, such as nozzle diameter, print speed, print distance, extrusion pressure, and material viscosity, can control the filament geometry and width, eventually confirming the user-defined scaffold porosity. For example, carefully selecting two sets of process parameters can result in a similar filament width (FW). However, the lack of availability of sufficient analytical relationships between printing process parameters and FW creates a barrier to achieving defined scaffold architectures with available resources. In this article, the factorial design of experiment (DoE) method has been adopted to obtain a relationship among scaffold properties that is, FW with 3D printing process parameters. The FW was determined using an image processing technique and an analytical relationship was developed, including various process parameters to maintain defined FW variation for different hydrogels within an acceptable range to confirm the overall geometric fidelity of the scaffold. The validation experiment results showed that our analytical relationship obtained from the DoE effectively predicts the scaffold's architectural property. Furthermore, the proposed analytical relationships can help achieve defined scaffold architectures with available resources.
{"title":"Factorial Design of Experiment Method to Characterize Bioprinting Process Parameters to Obtain the Targeted Scaffold Porosity","authors":"Connor Quigley, Shah M. Limon, Rokeya Sarah, Ahasan Habib","doi":"10.1089/3dp.2023.0138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/3dp.2023.0138","url":null,"abstract":"Due to its inbuilt ability to release biocompatible materials encapsulating living cells in a predefined location, 3D bioprinting is a promising technique for regenerating patient-specific tissues and organs. Among various 3D bioprinting techniques, extrusion-based 3D bioprinting ensures a higher percentage of cell release, ensuring suitable external and internal scaffold architectures. Scaffold architecture is mainly defined by filament geometry and width. A systematic selection of a set of process parameters, such as nozzle diameter, print speed, print distance, extrusion pressure, and material viscosity, can control the filament geometry and width, eventually confirming the user-defined scaffold porosity. For example, carefully selecting two sets of process parameters can result in a similar filament width (FW). However, the lack of availability of sufficient analytical relationships between printing process parameters and FW creates a barrier to achieving defined scaffold architectures with available resources. In this article, the factorial design of experiment (DoE) method has been adopted to obtain a relationship among scaffold properties that is, FW with 3D printing process parameters. The FW was determined using an image processing technique and an analytical relationship was developed, including various process parameters to maintain defined FW variation for different hydrogels within an acceptable range to confirm the overall geometric fidelity of the scaffold. The validation experiment results showed that our analytical relationship obtained from the DoE effectively predicts the scaffold's architectural property. Furthermore, the proposed analytical relationships can help achieve defined scaffold architectures with available resources.","PeriodicalId":54341,"journal":{"name":"3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing","volume":"17 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135270785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mechanical Characterization of Polylactic Acid Composite Scaffolds Formed in Different Lattice Structures by Fused Deposition Modeling-Based 3D Printing","authors":"Bora Uzun","doi":"10.1089/3dp.2023.0188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/3dp.2023.0188","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54341,"journal":{"name":"3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing","volume":"98 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136103405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chao Zeng, Fang Huang, Jiutian Xue, Yun Jia, Jianxing Hu
The application of a pulsed magnetic field (PMF) during a metallurgy solidification process has proven to be an effective method in refining the grain size and improving the mechanical performance of the material. However, fewer works were reported in the realm of laser additive manufacturing (LAM) and the mechanism of grain refinement consequent to the PMF is still unclear. In this work, numerical models were developed to study the thermal-fluid characteristics in the Ti-alloy melt pool generated during the laser scanning process under the effect of a combined direct current (DC) electric field and PMF. The temperature field and magneto-oscillation effect in the melt pool were discussed to elucidate the resultant microstructure evolution. The results show that the application of a combined DC electric field and PMF could decrease the maximum temperature in the melt pool, but increase the temperature gradient at the liquid-solid interface. The electric-magnetic field can lead to a notable increase in the magnitude of the fluid velocity and a greater fluctuation in the magnitude. A more refined microstructure is expected to be obtained, of which the mechanism may be ascribed to not only the increased temperature gradient, solidification growth rate, and cooling rate at the liquid-solid interface but also the enhanced fluid convection and continuous impulse force in the melt. For better grain refinement, the preferable duty cycles of the PMF should be <50%. The findings of this study may give a new insight into the electromagnetic controlling methods for LAM of Ti-alloy parts.
{"title":"Effect of Combined Direct Current Electric Field and Pulsed Magnetic Field on the Transient Melt Pool in Laser Additive Manufacturing Process","authors":"Chao Zeng, Fang Huang, Jiutian Xue, Yun Jia, Jianxing Hu","doi":"10.1089/3dp.2023.0027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/3dp.2023.0027","url":null,"abstract":"The application of a pulsed magnetic field (PMF) during a metallurgy solidification process has proven to be an effective method in refining the grain size and improving the mechanical performance of the material. However, fewer works were reported in the realm of laser additive manufacturing (LAM) and the mechanism of grain refinement consequent to the PMF is still unclear. In this work, numerical models were developed to study the thermal-fluid characteristics in the Ti-alloy melt pool generated during the laser scanning process under the effect of a combined direct current (DC) electric field and PMF. The temperature field and magneto-oscillation effect in the melt pool were discussed to elucidate the resultant microstructure evolution. The results show that the application of a combined DC electric field and PMF could decrease the maximum temperature in the melt pool, but increase the temperature gradient at the liquid-solid interface. The electric-magnetic field can lead to a notable increase in the magnitude of the fluid velocity and a greater fluctuation in the magnitude. A more refined microstructure is expected to be obtained, of which the mechanism may be ascribed to not only the increased temperature gradient, solidification growth rate, and cooling rate at the liquid-solid interface but also the enhanced fluid convection and continuous impulse force in the melt. For better grain refinement, the preferable duty cycles of the PMF should be <50%. The findings of this study may give a new insight into the electromagnetic controlling methods for LAM of Ti-alloy parts.","PeriodicalId":54341,"journal":{"name":"3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing","volume":"218 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136022846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fabrication of Piezoelectric Structures with High Porosity by Digital Light Processing","authors":"Dongcai Zhang, Yaodong Yang, Xuhan Lv, Wei-Feng Rao","doi":"10.1089/3dp.2023.0079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/3dp.2023.0079","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54341,"journal":{"name":"3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing","volume":"63 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136102378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article presents a fabrication strategy on the structural design, optimization, additive manufacturing, and processing of metal mirror. Specifically, the study showcases the topology design of a metal mirror with diameter of 200 mm, the additive manufacturing of standard aluminum-based powder (AlSi10Mg), the high-precision single-point diamond turning process of the surface. By setting the feasible domain partition, a topology optimization model suitable for metal additive manufacturing and subsequent surface shaping was constructed, which takes into account the multi-load machining load conditions of single-point diamond turning technology and the material topology representation of standard support structures for additive manufacturing. The results demonstrate that the optimization model effectively suppresses the vibration phenomenon during single-point cutting. Furthermore, the results of the optical interferometer surface inspection confirm that the design and processing strategy for additively manufactured metal mirrors demonstrated in this study can be directly applied to infrared band reflective imaging optical systems.
{"title":"Fabrication Strategy of Additively Manufactured Metal Mirror Based on Multi-Load Topology Optimization and Single-Point Diamond Turning","authors":"Qianglong Wang, Chong Wang, Yisheng Chen, Luchao Cheng, Chen Liu, Wenda Niu, Jitong Zhao, Zhiyu Zhang, Zhenyu Liu","doi":"10.1089/3dp.2023.0106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/3dp.2023.0106","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a fabrication strategy on the structural design, optimization, additive manufacturing, and processing of metal mirror. Specifically, the study showcases the topology design of a metal mirror with diameter of 200 mm, the additive manufacturing of standard aluminum-based powder (AlSi10Mg), the high-precision single-point diamond turning process of the surface. By setting the feasible domain partition, a topology optimization model suitable for metal additive manufacturing and subsequent surface shaping was constructed, which takes into account the multi-load machining load conditions of single-point diamond turning technology and the material topology representation of standard support structures for additive manufacturing. The results demonstrate that the optimization model effectively suppresses the vibration phenomenon during single-point cutting. Furthermore, the results of the optical interferometer surface inspection confirm that the design and processing strategy for additively manufactured metal mirrors demonstrated in this study can be directly applied to infrared band reflective imaging optical systems.","PeriodicalId":54341,"journal":{"name":"3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing","volume":"51 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136263481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mingju Lei, Yanen Wang, Qinghua Wei, Mingyang Li, Juan Zhang, Yanmei Wang
The varied material and the inherent complex microstructure make predicting the effective stiffness of fused deposition modeling (FDM) printed polylactic acid (PLA)/carbon fiber (CF) composite a troublesome problem. This article proposes a microstructure scanning electron microscope (SEM) mapping modeling and numerical mean procedure to calculate the effective stiffness of FDM printing PLA/CF laminates. The printed PLA/CF parts were modeled as a continuum of 3D uniform linear elasticity with orthotropic anisotropy, and their elastic behavior was characterized by orthotropic constitutive relations. Micromechanical models of two typical deposition configurations, 0° unidirectional aligned configuration and 0°/90° angle-ply configuration of the printed parts were established based on the periodic representative volume element (RVE) technique. The elastic constants of the RVE models were estimated by volume average method in the finite element stress analysis, and the effects of deposition configurations, CF length, and content on the effective stiffness were also investigated. The results show that the effective stiffness of FDM printing PLA/CF composite is closely related to CF length, content, and the deposition configuration. With the increase of CF length and content, the Young's modulus and shear modulus of printed PLA/CF parts increase, whereas Poisson's ratio decreases. The printed PLA/CF parts with 0° unidirectional aligned configuration exhibits orthotropic characteristics, and the maximum Young's modulus appears along the first axis. The 0°/90° angle-ply FDM PLA/CF composite exhibits transverse isotropic characteristics and the lowest Young's modulus is found along the thickness direction.
{"title":"Numerical Homogenization Calculation of Effective Stiffness of Fused Deposition Modeling Printing Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polylactic Acid Composites","authors":"Mingju Lei, Yanen Wang, Qinghua Wei, Mingyang Li, Juan Zhang, Yanmei Wang","doi":"10.1089/3dp.2023.0131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/3dp.2023.0131","url":null,"abstract":"The varied material and the inherent complex microstructure make predicting the effective stiffness of fused deposition modeling (FDM) printed polylactic acid (PLA)/carbon fiber (CF) composite a troublesome problem. This article proposes a microstructure scanning electron microscope (SEM) mapping modeling and numerical mean procedure to calculate the effective stiffness of FDM printing PLA/CF laminates. The printed PLA/CF parts were modeled as a continuum of 3D uniform linear elasticity with orthotropic anisotropy, and their elastic behavior was characterized by orthotropic constitutive relations. Micromechanical models of two typical deposition configurations, 0° unidirectional aligned configuration and 0°/90° angle-ply configuration of the printed parts were established based on the periodic representative volume element (RVE) technique. The elastic constants of the RVE models were estimated by volume average method in the finite element stress analysis, and the effects of deposition configurations, CF length, and content on the effective stiffness were also investigated. The results show that the effective stiffness of FDM printing PLA/CF composite is closely related to CF length, content, and the deposition configuration. With the increase of CF length and content, the Young's modulus and shear modulus of printed PLA/CF parts increase, whereas Poisson's ratio decreases. The printed PLA/CF parts with 0° unidirectional aligned configuration exhibits orthotropic characteristics, and the maximum Young's modulus appears along the first axis. The 0°/90° angle-ply FDM PLA/CF composite exhibits transverse isotropic characteristics and the lowest Young's modulus is found along the thickness direction.","PeriodicalId":54341,"journal":{"name":"3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135729984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Robocasting calcium phosphate compounds as a novel approach to creating customized structures with interconnected pores not only overcomes the limitations of traditional fabrication methods of calcium phosphate substitutes but also boosts the potential for bone tissue regeneration. The ink development is a key step in 3D printing. In this study, different inks consisting of magnesium- and sodium-doped carbonated hydroxyapatite, β-tricalcium phosphate, and Pluronic F-127 were prepared to design biomimetic bone scaffolds. To achieve suitable printability and subsequently, structures with high shape fidelity and appropriate mechanical properties, the selected compositions were evaluated by rheological analysis and mechanical tests. The results demonstrated that the prepared inks exhibited shear thinning behavior, and by increasing the concentration of Pluronic and biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP), more consistent gels were obtained that were able to maintain their shape after printing. The compressive strength of the scaffolds varied in the range of ∼8–60 MPa. The morphology of the sintered scaffolds in the scanning electron microscopy images also showed a dual macro- and micropore-size architecture, which can promote the adhesion of proteins and cell behavior. Our findings indicated that bioinspired BCP scaffolds can be fabricated with relatively high precision for use as cancellous bone substitutes.
{"title":"Development of Bioinspired Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Inks for Manufacturing Bone Scaffolds by Robocasting","authors":"Samira Tajvar, Afra Hadjizadeh, Saeed Saber Samandari","doi":"10.1089/3dp.2023.0082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/3dp.2023.0082","url":null,"abstract":"Robocasting calcium phosphate compounds as a novel approach to creating customized structures with interconnected pores not only overcomes the limitations of traditional fabrication methods of calcium phosphate substitutes but also boosts the potential for bone tissue regeneration. The ink development is a key step in 3D printing. In this study, different inks consisting of magnesium- and sodium-doped carbonated hydroxyapatite, β-tricalcium phosphate, and Pluronic F-127 were prepared to design biomimetic bone scaffolds. To achieve suitable printability and subsequently, structures with high shape fidelity and appropriate mechanical properties, the selected compositions were evaluated by rheological analysis and mechanical tests. The results demonstrated that the prepared inks exhibited shear thinning behavior, and by increasing the concentration of Pluronic and biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP), more consistent gels were obtained that were able to maintain their shape after printing. The compressive strength of the scaffolds varied in the range of ∼8–60 MPa. The morphology of the sintered scaffolds in the scanning electron microscopy images also showed a dual macro- and micropore-size architecture, which can promote the adhesion of proteins and cell behavior. Our findings indicated that bioinspired BCP scaffolds can be fabricated with relatively high precision for use as cancellous bone substitutes.","PeriodicalId":54341,"journal":{"name":"3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135779149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Additive manufacturing (AM) techniques have the potential to produce complex parts, and many of these techniques require the use of support structures to prevent deformations and to minimize thermal effects during the printing process, particularly when building overhangs and internal cavities. However, removing the support structures through postprocessing incurs additional costs and time penalties. Unlike other AM techniques, support structures are not used in directed energy deposition (DED) technique due to its working principle. Therefore, special multiaxis complex path-planning strategies for DED are adopted to print relatively simple overhang geometries. Nevertheless, printing internal channels using this technique can still be challenging or nearly impossible. In this work, a novel DED process using graphite as a support material is proposed for additively manufacturing simple and complex internal channels. The support material is easily removed without requiring extensive machining processes. The results demonstrated that the support material did not negatively impact part quality, and in fact, the presence of different carbides at the interaction zone increased hardness and Young's modulus. Moreover, there were no cracks and or porosity at the support material-part interface. This study is the first of its kind to demonstrate the potential for using graphite as a support material for DED processes in additively manufacturing parts with complex internal channels and overhangs and highlights the need for further research in this area.
{"title":"Directed Energy Deposition of Parts with Internal Channels Using Removable Graphite Supports","authors":"Dilara Celik, Ali Karaca, Bahattin Koc","doi":"10.1089/3dp.2023.0057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/3dp.2023.0057","url":null,"abstract":"Additive manufacturing (AM) techniques have the potential to produce complex parts, and many of these techniques require the use of support structures to prevent deformations and to minimize thermal effects during the printing process, particularly when building overhangs and internal cavities. However, removing the support structures through postprocessing incurs additional costs and time penalties. Unlike other AM techniques, support structures are not used in directed energy deposition (DED) technique due to its working principle. Therefore, special multiaxis complex path-planning strategies for DED are adopted to print relatively simple overhang geometries. Nevertheless, printing internal channels using this technique can still be challenging or nearly impossible. In this work, a novel DED process using graphite as a support material is proposed for additively manufacturing simple and complex internal channels. The support material is easily removed without requiring extensive machining processes. The results demonstrated that the support material did not negatively impact part quality, and in fact, the presence of different carbides at the interaction zone increased hardness and Young's modulus. Moreover, there were no cracks and or porosity at the support material-part interface. This study is the first of its kind to demonstrate the potential for using graphite as a support material for DED processes in additively manufacturing parts with complex internal channels and overhangs and highlights the need for further research in this area.","PeriodicalId":54341,"journal":{"name":"3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135855549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiaomei Zheng, Yongqing Wang, Guohong Du, Shaoshuai Yin
3D printing is an indispensable technology in modern life and is widely used in aerospace, exoskeleton, and architecture. The increasing accuracy requirements of 3D printed objects in these fields require high-precision measurement methods to obtain accurate data. Based on the precision measurement requirements, in this study, a fast multifrequency phase unwrapping method based on 3D printing object appearance acquisition is proposed. By performing standard image acquisition of 3D printed objects that are not limited to materials and sampling locations, the surface shape and texture details of the objects can be accurately reconstructed using this method, independent of ambient light, with high robustness. Compared with the conventional multifrequency method, the required projection pattern is reduced from 12 to 9 and the overall measurement efficiency is improved by 25%, while maintaining the advantages of the independent pixel calculation method of the multifrequency method. In addition, the effectiveness of the method is experimentally verified by complex surface reconstruction experiments and plaster model experiments, which provide accurate measurement accuracy with high efficiency and precision. Therefore, the method can provide accurate measurements for 3D printed objects.
{"title":"Fast Multifrequency Phase Unwrapping Method Based on 3D Printing Object Appearance Acquisition","authors":"Xiaomei Zheng, Yongqing Wang, Guohong Du, Shaoshuai Yin","doi":"10.1089/3dp.2023.0166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/3dp.2023.0166","url":null,"abstract":"3D printing is an indispensable technology in modern life and is widely used in aerospace, exoskeleton, and architecture. The increasing accuracy requirements of 3D printed objects in these fields require high-precision measurement methods to obtain accurate data. Based on the precision measurement requirements, in this study, a fast multifrequency phase unwrapping method based on 3D printing object appearance acquisition is proposed. By performing standard image acquisition of 3D printed objects that are not limited to materials and sampling locations, the surface shape and texture details of the objects can be accurately reconstructed using this method, independent of ambient light, with high robustness. Compared with the conventional multifrequency method, the required projection pattern is reduced from 12 to 9 and the overall measurement efficiency is improved by 25%, while maintaining the advantages of the independent pixel calculation method of the multifrequency method. In addition, the effectiveness of the method is experimentally verified by complex surface reconstruction experiments and plaster model experiments, which provide accurate measurement accuracy with high efficiency and precision. Therefore, the method can provide accurate measurements for 3D printed objects.","PeriodicalId":54341,"journal":{"name":"3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136097322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Suian Wang, Chuang Deng, Olanrewaju Ojo, Bamidele Akinrinlola, Jared Kozub, Nan Wu
Auxetic honeycomb structures have been applied in lightweight sandwich structure and impact energy absorption applications due to their unique deformation performance. Based on the traditional two-dimensional reentrant honeycomb structure, a modified three-dimensional (3D) reentrant lattice structure with negative Poisson's ratio (NPR) is proposed. The studies on fabrication and design parameters are conducted, leading to a new understanding of the effects of these parameters on the printing quality and mechanical properties of such lattice structure with reentrant diagonal struts. Additive manufacturing (AM), specifically laser powder bed fusion, is used to fabricate five groups of 18Ni350 Maraging Steel samples with different geometric and printing parameters. The compression test is conducted to obtain the effects of NPR on the quasi-static stress-strain relationship of the proposed structure. The results show that smaller hatch distance and scan speed for 3D printing process can lead to less porosity level and more complete printing, resulting in larger stiffness and yield strength of the structure. The preferred AM process variables to improve structural quality with thin angled struts (diameter ≤0.5 mm) are presented. Moreover, with the help of the tuned finite element model based on experimental results, parametric analysis is conducted to confirm the effect of design parameters, including reentrant angle, strut cross-section shape, and size, on the compressive properties of the structure.
{"title":"Additive Manufacturability and Parametric Studies on an Extended Three-Dimensional Re-Entrant Auxetic Structure with Angled Struts","authors":"Suian Wang, Chuang Deng, Olanrewaju Ojo, Bamidele Akinrinlola, Jared Kozub, Nan Wu","doi":"10.1089/3dp.2023.0086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/3dp.2023.0086","url":null,"abstract":"Auxetic honeycomb structures have been applied in lightweight sandwich structure and impact energy absorption applications due to their unique deformation performance. Based on the traditional two-dimensional reentrant honeycomb structure, a modified three-dimensional (3D) reentrant lattice structure with negative Poisson's ratio (NPR) is proposed. The studies on fabrication and design parameters are conducted, leading to a new understanding of the effects of these parameters on the printing quality and mechanical properties of such lattice structure with reentrant diagonal struts. Additive manufacturing (AM), specifically laser powder bed fusion, is used to fabricate five groups of 18Ni350 Maraging Steel samples with different geometric and printing parameters. The compression test is conducted to obtain the effects of NPR on the quasi-static stress-strain relationship of the proposed structure. The results show that smaller hatch distance and scan speed for 3D printing process can lead to less porosity level and more complete printing, resulting in larger stiffness and yield strength of the structure. The preferred AM process variables to improve structural quality with thin angled struts (diameter ≤0.5 mm) are presented. Moreover, with the help of the tuned finite element model based on experimental results, parametric analysis is conducted to confirm the effect of design parameters, including reentrant angle, strut cross-section shape, and size, on the compressive properties of the structure.","PeriodicalId":54341,"journal":{"name":"3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136355094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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