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Chemical sex (chemsex) in a population of French university students. 法国大学生群体中的化学性(chemsex)。
IF 8.3 2区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-06-01 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/19585969.2022.2042163
L Malandain, S Mosser, S Mouchabac, J-V Blanc, C Alexandre, F Thibaut

Introduction: Chemsex is defined by the use of psychoactive substances to facilitate or improve sexual relations. Our objectives were to assess the prevalence of the practice of 'chemsex' in a population of French university students and to identify socio-demographic and clinical factors associated with this practice.

Material and methods: We have used an anonymous online questionnaire comprising 15 questions on socio-demographic characteristics, chemsex use, sexual satisfaction, the type of substances used in this sexual context and their route of administration.

Results: A total of 680 people were included in our study. Among them, 22.5% reported chemsex behaviour in the past year. Using a multivariate analysis, factors associated with chemsex were dating application use (p = 0.049) and pornography use [viewing more than once per month (p = 0.002)]. Having a sexual partner involved in chemsex (p < 0.0001), celibacy (p = 0.007), sexual orientations other than heterosexual (p = 0.0013) and especially bisexuality (p = 0.0002) were also significantly associated with chemsex.

Conclusion: This is the first study reporting a high prevalence of chemsex in a university student population. Further larger studies should be conducted to confirm these results showing a high prevalence of this at-risk behaviour.

导言:化学性爱的定义是使用精神活性物质来促进或改善性关系。我们的目的是评估“化学性行为”在法国大学生群体中的流行程度,并确定与这种行为相关的社会人口统计学和临床因素。材料和方法:我们使用了一份匿名在线调查问卷,包括15个问题,涉及社会人口特征、化学性使用、性满意度、性环境中使用的物质类型及其给药途径。结果:本研究共纳入680人。其中,22.5%的人在过去一年中有过化学性行为。通过多变量分析,与化学性相关的因素是约会应用程序的使用(p = 0.049)和色情内容的使用(每月观看一次以上)。性伴侣参与化学性行为(p = 0.007)、异性恋以外的性取向(p = 0.0013),尤其是双性恋(p = 0.0002)也与化学性行为显著相关。结论:这是第一个报道大学生群体中化学性高患病率的研究。应该进行进一步的更大规模的研究来证实这些结果,表明这种高危行为非常普遍。
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引用次数: 10
Translational chasm and dialogues in clinical neuroscience. 临床神经科学的转化鸿沟与对话。
IF 8.3 2区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-06-01 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/19585969.2022.2073566
Lakshmi N Yatham, Florence Thibaut
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引用次数: 0
How gender dysphoria and incongruence became medical diagnoses - a historical review. 性别不安和不一致如何成为医学诊断-历史回顾。
IF 8.3 2区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-06-01 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/19585969.2022.2042166
Marc-Antoine Crocq

This article is a historical review of the medical and psychiatric diagnoses associated with transgender people across epochs. Ancient Greek and Roman writings already mention gender change. Before a diagnosis even existed, historical documents described the lives of numerous people whom we would consider transgender today. The development of medical classifications took off in the nineteenth century, driven by the blooming of natural sciences. In the nineteenth century, most authors conflated questions of sexual orientation and gender. For example, the psychiatrist Krafft-Ebing reported cases of transgender people but understood them as paranoia, or as the extreme degree of severity in a dimension of sexual inversion. In the early 1900s, doctors such as Magnus Hirschfeld first distinguished homosexual and transgender behaviour. The usual term for transgender people was transvestite, before Harry Benjamin generalised the term transsexual in the mid-20th century. The term transgender became common in the 1970s. This article details the evolution of diagnoses for transgender people from DSM-III and ICD-10 to DSM-5 and ICD-11.

这篇文章是跨时代的跨性别者相关的医学和精神诊断的历史回顾。古希腊和罗马的著作已经提到了性别变化。在诊断存在之前,历史文献描述了许多我们今天认为是跨性别者的人的生活。在自然科学蓬勃发展的推动下,医学分类的发展始于19世纪。在19世纪,大多数作者把性取向和性别的问题混为一谈。例如,精神病学家克拉夫特-埃宾(kraft - ebing)曾报道过变性人的案例,但他将其理解为偏执,或者是性反转维度中的极端严重程度。20世纪初,Magnus Hirschfeld等医生首次区分了同性恋和变性行为。在20世纪中期哈里·本杰明(Harry Benjamin)将“变性人”一词普遍化之前,变性人通常被称为异装癖者。“跨性别者”一词在20世纪70年代变得普遍。本文详细介绍了跨性别者的诊断从DSM-III和ICD-10到DSM-5和ICD-11的演变。
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引用次数: 5
Blood metabolic signatures of hikikomori, pathological social withdrawal. “隐蔽青年”的血液代谢特征,病理性社交退缩。
IF 8.3 2区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-06-01 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/19585969.2022.2046978
Daiki Setoyama, Toshio Matsushima, Kohei Hayakawa, Tomohiro Nakao, Shigenobu Kanba, Dongchon Kang, Takahiro A Kato

Background: A severe form of pathological social withdrawal, 'hikikomori,' has been acknowledged in Japan, spreading worldwide, and becoming a global health issue. The pathophysiology of hikikomori has not been clarified, and its biological traits remain unexplored.

Methods: Drug-free patients with hikikomori (n = 42) and healthy controls (n = 41) were recruited. Psychological assessments for the severity of hikikomori and depression were conducted. Blood biochemical tests and plasma metabolome analysis were performed. Based on the integrated information, machine-learning models were created to discriminate cases of hikikomori from healthy controls, predict hikikomori severity, stratify the cases, and identify metabolic signatures that contribute to each model.

Results: Long-chain acylcarnitine levels were remarkably higher in patients with hikikomori; bilirubin, arginine, ornithine, and serum arginase were significantly different in male patients with hikikomori. The discriminative random forest model was highly performant, exhibiting an area under the ROC curve of 0.854 (confidential interval = 0.648-1.000). To predict hikikomori severity, a partial least squares PLS-regression model was successfully created with high linearity and practical accuracy. In addition, blood serum uric acid and plasma cholesterol esters contributed to the stratification of cases.

Conclusions: These findings reveal the blood metabolic signatures of hikikomori, which are key to elucidating the pathophysiology of hikikomori and also useful as an index for monitoring the treatment course for rehabilitation.

背景:“蛰居族”是一种严重的病态社会退缩症,在日本已经得到承认,并在世界范围内蔓延,成为一个全球性的健康问题。“隐蔽青年”的病理生理尚不清楚,其生物学特性也未被探索。方法:招募无药物的“隐蔽青年”患者42例和健康对照41例。对“隐蔽青年”和抑郁症的严重程度进行了心理评估。进行血液生化试验和血浆代谢组分析。基于整合的信息,创建了机器学习模型,以区分隐蔽青年和健康对照,预测隐蔽青年的严重程度,对病例进行分层,并识别有助于每种模型的代谢特征。结果:长链酰基肉碱水平明显高于隐蔽青年;男性“隐蔽青年”患者的胆红素、精氨酸、鸟氨酸和血清精氨酸酶有显著差异。判别随机森林模型表现良好,其ROC曲线下面积为0.854(置信区间为0.648-1.000)。为预测“隐蔽青年”的严重程度,成功建立了线性度高、精度高的偏最小二乘pls -回归模型。此外,血清尿酸和血浆胆固醇酯有助于病例的分层。结论:这些发现揭示了“隐蔽青年”的血液代谢特征,这是阐明“隐蔽青年”病理生理的关键,也可作为监测康复治疗进程的指标。
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引用次数: 3
Graph theory in paediatric epilepsy: A systematic review. 图论在小儿癫痫:一个系统的回顾。
IF 8.3 2区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-06-01 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/19585969.2022.2043128
Raffaele Falsaperla, Giovanna Vitaliti, Simona Domenica Marino, Andrea Domenico Praticò, Janette Mailo, Michela Spatuzza, Maria Roberta Cilio, Rosario Foti, Martino Ruggieri

Graph theoretical studies have been designed to investigate network topologies during life. Network science and graph theory methods may contribute to a better understanding of brain function, both normal and abnormal, throughout developmental stages. The degree to which childhood epilepsies exert a significant effect on brain network organisation and cognition remains unclear. The hypothesis suggests that the formation of abnormal networks associated with epileptogenesis early in life causes a disruption in normal brain network development and cognition, reflecting abnormalities in later life. Neurological diseases with onset during critical stages of brain maturation, including childhood epilepsy, may threaten this orderly neurodevelopmental process. According to the hypothesis that the formation of abnormal networks associated with epileptogenesis in early life causes a disruption in normal brain network development, it is then mandatory to perform a proper examination of children with new-onset epilepsy early in the disease course and a deep study of their brain network organisation over time. In regards, graph theoretical analysis could add more information. In order to facilitate further development of graph theory in childhood, we performed a systematic review to describe its application in functional dynamic connectivity using electroencephalographic (EEG) analysis, focussing on paediatric epilepsy.

图论研究的目的是研究生命中的网络拓扑结构。网络科学和图论方法可能有助于更好地理解整个发育阶段的正常和异常大脑功能。儿童癫痫对大脑网络组织和认知产生重大影响的程度尚不清楚。该假说认为,在生命早期与癫痫发生相关的异常网络的形成导致正常大脑网络发育和认知的中断,反映了晚年的异常。在大脑成熟的关键阶段发病的神经系统疾病,包括儿童癫痫,可能威胁到这一有序的神经发育过程。根据与早期癫痫发生相关的异常网络的形成导致正常大脑网络发育中断的假设,因此有必要在疾病过程的早期对新发癫痫儿童进行适当的检查,并随着时间的推移对其大脑网络组织进行深入研究。在这方面,图论分析可以提供更多的信息。为了促进图论在儿童中的进一步发展,我们使用脑电图(EEG)分析系统地回顾了图论在功能动态连接中的应用,重点是儿童癫痫。
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引用次数: 12
Neurocognitive functioning in bipolar disorder: What we know and what we don't. 双相情感障碍的神经认知功能:我们知道什么,我们不知道什么。
IF 8.3 2区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-06-01 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/19585969.2022.2042164
Kamyar Keramatian, Ivan J Torres, Lakshmi N Yatham

Introduction: This narrative review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses aims at compiling available evidence in various aspects of neurocognitive functioning in Bipolar Disorder (BD). Methods: We conducted a MEDLINE literature search and identified 38 relevant systematic reviews and metaanalyses. Results: Current evidence suggests that BD is associated with cognitive impairment across multiple domains and during all clinical states. However, there is a considerable cognitive heterogeneity within BD, which cannot be explained by clinical subtypes, and the pattern of neurocognitive impairment in BD overlaps with other psychiatric conditions such as major depression and schizophrenia. Residual depressive symptoms, poor clinical course and higher number of manic episodes may negatively impact cognitive performance, which is a major predictor of general functioning in BD. Evidence from available prospective studies does not support the notion of progressive cognitive decline in BD while some evidence exists to suggest patients may show some improvements in cognitive functioning following the first manic episode. Furthermore, a subset of patients may show premorbid cognitive abnormalities that could signal an early neurodevelopmental aetiology. Preliminary findings from small studies identify potential pro-cognitive effects of Cognitive Remediation, erythropoietin, intranasal insulin, lurasidone, mifepristone, repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in BD. Discussion: Longitudinal studies in high-risk individuals can provide a better understanding of the development and progression of neurocognitive impairment in BD. Largescale randomised control trials are needed to compare the pro-cognitive efficacy of various pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions in different cognitive subgroups of patients at different stages of BD.

简介:本文对系统综述和荟萃分析进行综述,旨在收集双相情感障碍(BD)神经认知功能各方面的现有证据。方法:我们进行了MEDLINE文献检索,并确定了38个相关的系统综述和荟萃分析。结果:目前的证据表明双相障碍在多个领域和所有临床状态下都与认知障碍有关。然而,双相障碍内部存在相当大的认知异质性,这无法用临床亚型来解释,并且双相障碍的神经认知障碍模式与其他精神疾病如重度抑郁症和精神分裂症有重叠。残留的抑郁症状、不良的临床病程和较多的躁狂发作次数可能会对认知表现产生负面影响,而认知表现是双相障碍一般功能的主要预测因素。现有前瞻性研究的证据不支持双相障碍认知能力进行性下降的概念,但一些证据表明患者在第一次躁狂发作后可能会出现一些认知功能的改善。此外,一部分患者可能表现出发病前认知异常,这可能是早期神经发育病因的信号。小型研究的初步结果确定认知修复、促红细胞生成素、鼻内胰岛素、鲁拉西酮、米非司酮、重复经颅磁刺激和经颅直流刺激对BD的潜在促认知作用。高危人群的纵向研究可以更好地了解双相障碍神经认知功能障碍的发生和进展,需要大规模的随机对照试验来比较各种药物和非药物干预对不同阶段双相障碍患者不同认知亚组的促进认知效果。
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引用次数: 13
Cardiac vagal activity is associated with gut-microbiome patterns in women-An exploratory pilot study. 心脏迷走神经活动与女性肠道微生物群模式相关——一项探索性初步研究。
IF 8.3 2区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/19585969.2022.2128697
Sabrina Mörkl, Andreas Oberascher, Josef M Tatschl, Sonja Lackner, Thomaz F S Bastiaanssen, Mary I Butler, Maximilian Moser, Matthias Frühwirth, Harald Mangge, John F Cryan, Timothy G Dinan, Sandra J Holasek

Introduction: A functional reciprocity between the gut microbiome and vagal nerve activity has been suggested, however, human studies addressing this phenomenon are limited.

Methods: Twenty-four-hour cardiac vagal activity (CVA) was assessed from 73 female participants (aged 24.5 ± 4.3 years). Additionally, stool samples were subjected to 16SrRNA gene analysis (V1-V2). Quantitative Insights Into Microbial Ecology (QIIME) was used to analyse microbiome data. Additionally, inflammatory parameters (such as CRP and IL-6) were derived from serum samples.

Results: Daytime CVA correlated significantly with gut microbiota diversity (r sp = 0.254, p = 0.030), CRP (r sp = -0.348, p = 0.003), and IL-6 (r sp = -0.320, p = 0.006). When the group was divided at the median of 24 h CVA (Mdn = 1.322), the following features were more abundant in the high CVA group: Clostridia (Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LDA) = 4.195, p = 0.029), Clostridiales (LDA = 4.195, p = 0.029), Lachnospira (LDA = 3.489, p = 0.004), Ruminococcaceae (LDA = 4.073, p = 0.010), Faecalibacterium (LDA = 3.982, p = 0.042), Lactobacillales (LDA = 3.317, p = 0.029), Bacilli (LDA = 3.294, p = 0.0350), Streptococcaceae (LDA = 3.353, p = 0.006), Streptococcus (LDA = 3.332, p = 0.011). Based on Dirichlet multinomial mixtures two enterotypes could be detected, which differed significantly in CVA, age, BMI, CRP, IL-6, and diversity.

Conclusions: As an indicator of gut-brain communication, gut microbiome analysis could be extended by measurements of CVA to enhance our understanding of signalling via microbiota-gut-brain-axis and its alterations through psychobiotics.

导读:肠道微生物群和迷走神经活动之间的功能互惠已被提出,然而,针对这一现象的人类研究是有限的。方法:对73名女性(年龄24.5±4.3岁)进行24小时心脏迷走神经活动(CVA)评估。此外,粪便样本进行16SrRNA基因分析(V1-V2)。微生物生态学定量洞察(QIIME)用于分析微生物组数据。此外,从血清样本中提取炎症参数(如CRP和IL-6)。结果:白天CVA与肠道菌群多样性(r sp = 0.254, p = 0.030)、CRP (r sp = -0.348, p = 0.003)、IL-6 (r sp = -0.320, p = 0.006)显著相关。在24 h CVA中位数(Mdn = 1.322)分组时,高CVA组的以下特征更为丰富:梭菌(线性判别分析效应值(LDA) = 4.195, p = 0.029)、梭菌(LDA = 4.195, p = 0.029)、毛螺旋体(LDA = 3.489, p = 0.004)、瘤胃球菌科(LDA = 4.073, p = 0.010)、粪杆菌(LDA = 3.982, p = 0.042)、乳酸杆菌(LDA = 3.317, p = 0.029)、杆菌(LDA = 3.294, p = 0.0350)、链球菌科(LDA = 3.353, p = 0.006)、链球菌(LDA = 3.332, p = 0.011)。基于Dirichlet多项式混合可以检测到两种肠型,CVA、年龄、BMI、CRP、IL-6和多样性差异显著。结论:作为肠-脑通讯的一个指标,肠道微生物组分析可以通过CVA的测量来扩展,以增强我们对微生物-肠-脑-轴信号传导及其通过心理生物改变的理解。
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引用次数: 6
VIII 8
IF 8.3 2区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2021-11-17 DOI: 10.2307/j.ctvpb3xqd.12
Jon. Morley
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引用次数: 0
Lost Illusions, or From Intellectronics to Informatics 幻灭,或从电子学到信息学
IF 8.3 2区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.7551/mitpress/13633.003.0013
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引用次数: 0
The Ethics of Technology and the Technology of Ethics 技术的伦理与伦理的技术
IF 8.3 2区 医学 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.7551/mitpress/13633.003.0016
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引用次数: 0
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Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience
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