Pub Date : 2023-05-10DOI: 10.1007/s40857-023-00296-7
Jesús A. Torres
Experimental data were measured by Caldersmith over many years and during different stages of the construction of several violins. Unfortunately, it seems that these valuable data were never published. From the personal notes of Caldersmith that were printed (where resonant frequency, mass, thickness, instrument model, etc., are listed), a possible link between resonant frequencies of free plates and their finished instruments was investigated. However, there is no evidence to support that such a link could be strong; thus the rigidity of the rib assembly of the violins may play a more important role than generally considered.
{"title":"On Caldersmith’s Measurements of Free Plates and Assembled Violins","authors":"Jesús A. Torres","doi":"10.1007/s40857-023-00296-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40857-023-00296-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Experimental data were measured by Caldersmith over many years and during different stages of the construction of several violins. Unfortunately, it seems that these valuable data were never published. From the personal notes of Caldersmith that were printed (where resonant frequency, mass, thickness, instrument model, etc., are listed), a possible link between resonant frequencies of free plates and their finished instruments was investigated. However, there is no evidence to support that such a link could be strong; thus the rigidity of the rib assembly of the violins may play a more important role than generally considered.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54355,"journal":{"name":"Acoustics Australia","volume":"51 2","pages":"293 - 296"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50018487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-13DOI: 10.1007/s40857-023-00294-9
Tallal Abdel Karim Bouzir, Djihed Berkouk, Dietrich Schwela, Maria Lahlouh
This paper aims to study the current legislation in the Arab world regarding noise pollution and to compare its laws, in a second step, with those of the European Union to identify the differences and similarities between these two groups of countries' policies. The methodology of this study was based mainly on analytical and comparative approaches to process the data collected from 31 legislation texts from 22 Arab countries. The data were obtained primarily from the official and governmental websites of the various ministries and state institutions concerned with environmental laws, using Arabic and second-language web searches in each country. This study shows that legislators in the investigated countries are relatively engaged in addressing environmental issues, especially noise pollution. Except for Somalia, all Arab League member countries have developed laws and regulations on noise pollution. However, there are no guidelines on noise measurement except in Oman, Qatar, and Saudi Arabia. As well, the governments of these countries still need to develop guidelines for noise mapping. Therefore, it is believed that the legislation in these countries needs to be revised and stronger. In addition, no trace of the soundscape subject has been highlighted in the Arabic legislative texts. The comparative analysis indicates that most Arab laws do not comply with the international standards established by the European Union governments. According to this study, revising and updating Arab laws is necessary, and action strategies must be implemented to achieve sustainability goals.
{"title":"A Review of Noise Pollution Policies in the Arab World","authors":"Tallal Abdel Karim Bouzir, Djihed Berkouk, Dietrich Schwela, Maria Lahlouh","doi":"10.1007/s40857-023-00294-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40857-023-00294-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper aims to study the current legislation in the Arab world regarding noise pollution and to compare its laws, in a second step, with those of the European Union to identify the differences and similarities between these two groups of countries' policies. The methodology of this study was based mainly on analytical and comparative approaches to process the data collected from 31 legislation texts from 22 Arab countries. The data were obtained primarily from the official and governmental websites of the various ministries and state institutions concerned with environmental laws, using Arabic and second-language web searches in each country. This study shows that legislators in the investigated countries are relatively engaged in addressing environmental issues, especially noise pollution. Except for Somalia, all Arab League member countries have developed laws and regulations on noise pollution. However, there are no guidelines on noise measurement except in Oman, Qatar, and Saudi Arabia. As well, the governments of these countries still need to develop guidelines for noise mapping. Therefore, it is believed that the legislation in these countries needs to be revised and stronger. In addition, no trace of the soundscape subject has been highlighted in the Arabic legislative texts. The comparative analysis indicates that most Arab laws do not comply with the international standards established by the European Union governments. According to this study, revising and updating Arab laws is necessary, and action strategies must be implemented to achieve sustainability goals.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54355,"journal":{"name":"Acoustics Australia","volume":"51 2","pages":"183 - 200"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50022557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Efficient and accurate prediction of ocean ambient noise spectrum level is very important to improve the detection capability of sonar equipment. The more factors taken into account, the more complex the establishment and application of the prediction model, which makes a low prediction efficiency. As a data-driven technology, neural networks have the ability to accurately predict the state of complex systems and can avoid complex physical modeling. In this study, a neural network model is built to predict ocean ambient noise spectrum level based on the data of sea water depth, temperature, salinity, sea surface wind speed and rainfall. The model is based on Genetic Algorithm (GA), Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm (LM) and Back Propagation (BP) neural network. The use of GA and LM makes the model combine the powerful mapping ability of neural network and the global search characteristic of GA. The model is used to predict the variation characteristics of spectral levels with frequency, depth, wind speed and rainfall rate, respectively. The predicted values are compared with the real values, for example, the RMSE values are all nearly below 2.04. The results show that the GA-LM-BP neural network prediction model is accurate and effective, and has flexible input factor scalability, which provides a paradigm framework for the establishment of multi-source and multi-factor spectral level prediction model of ocean ambient noise spectrum level based on deep learning.
{"title":"Spectral Level Prediction Model of Ocean Ambient Noise Based on GA-LM-BP Neural Network","authors":"Ning Hu, Jiabao Zhao, Yibo Liu, Maofa Wang, Darui Liu, Youping Gong, Xin Rao","doi":"10.1007/s40857-023-00295-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40857-023-00295-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Efficient and accurate prediction of ocean ambient noise spectrum level is very important to improve the detection capability of sonar equipment. The more factors taken into account, the more complex the establishment and application of the prediction model, which makes a low prediction efficiency. As a data-driven technology, neural networks have the ability to accurately predict the state of complex systems and can avoid complex physical modeling. In this study, a neural network model is built to predict ocean ambient noise spectrum level based on the data of sea water depth, temperature, salinity, sea surface wind speed and rainfall. The model is based on Genetic Algorithm (GA), Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm (LM) and Back Propagation (BP) neural network. The use of GA and LM makes the model combine the powerful mapping ability of neural network and the global search characteristic of GA. The model is used to predict the variation characteristics of spectral levels with frequency, depth, wind speed and rainfall rate, respectively. The predicted values are compared with the real values, for example, the RMSE values are all nearly below 2.04. The results show that the GA-LM-BP neural network prediction model is accurate and effective, and has flexible input factor scalability, which provides a paradigm framework for the establishment of multi-source and multi-factor spectral level prediction model of ocean ambient noise spectrum level based on deep learning.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54355,"journal":{"name":"Acoustics Australia","volume":"51 2","pages":"265 - 278"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50001641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-24DOI: 10.1007/s40857-023-00292-x
Yue Bao, Xiandong Liu, Zongnan Wang, Yingchun Shan, Tian He
Tyre cavity resonance noise is one kind of low-frequency and narrow-band noise that particularly affects the passengers inside the cabin of vehicle, especially when driving at a medium speed. In this paper, a noise reduction structure made of multiple resonators is proposed to reduce this type of noise. Based on the local resonance principle, the dimension of the resonator unit is determined by the tyre cavity resonance frequency. In order to obtain this characteristic frequency and the acoustic feature, the acoustic-structure coupling model of the tyre and cavity is established by the finite element method (FEM), and the modal frequency and shape of the tyre cavity are calculated and validated by the experimental results. Based on these analyses, the geometric and material parameters of the sound reduction structure are calculated to match the resonant frequency of the tyre cavity. A long belt filled with multiple resonators is designed to fit the profile of the tyre cavity, and simulations and experimental tests are conducted to investigate the noise reduction performance. The results show that the multiple resonators can significantly reduce the sound pressure inside the tyre cavity due to the vibroacoustic coupling effect. This paper provides a novel solution for reducing tyre cavity resonance noise.
{"title":"Numerical and Experimental Investigations of Multiple Resonators on Reducing Tyre Cavity Resonance Noise","authors":"Yue Bao, Xiandong Liu, Zongnan Wang, Yingchun Shan, Tian He","doi":"10.1007/s40857-023-00292-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40857-023-00292-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Tyre cavity resonance noise is one kind of low-frequency and narrow-band noise that particularly affects the passengers inside the cabin of vehicle, especially when driving at a medium speed. In this paper, a noise reduction structure made of multiple resonators is proposed to reduce this type of noise. Based on the local resonance principle, the dimension of the resonator unit is determined by the tyre cavity resonance frequency. In order to obtain this characteristic frequency and the acoustic feature, the acoustic-structure coupling model of the tyre and cavity is established by the finite element method (FEM), and the modal frequency and shape of the tyre cavity are calculated and validated by the experimental results. Based on these analyses, the geometric and material parameters of the sound reduction structure are calculated to match the resonant frequency of the tyre cavity. A long belt filled with multiple resonators is designed to fit the profile of the tyre cavity, and simulations and experimental tests are conducted to investigate the noise reduction performance. The results show that the multiple resonators can significantly reduce the sound pressure inside the tyre cavity due to the vibroacoustic coupling effect. This paper provides a novel solution for reducing tyre cavity resonance noise.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54355,"journal":{"name":"Acoustics Australia","volume":"51 2","pages":"255 - 264"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50045748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-24DOI: 10.1007/s40857-023-00291-y
Kiri Mealings
Classrooms are important learning spaces, however, the acoustic conditions in these spaces can often be suboptimal. The aim of this scoping review, which used the PRISMA-ScR protocol, was to understand what is known from the literature about the effect of classroom acoustic treatment on students’ listening, learning, and well-being. Thirteen papers from the database searches were deemed relevant for the review. Information on the years of publication of the papers, the population studied, the types of acoustic treatment used, the measures and methods used to assess the effect of acoustic treatment, and the outcomes of the papers was gathered. Seven of the 13 studies reported positive effects of classroom acoustic treatment on student’s speech perception, attention, and well-being. Five studies reported both positive effects and no effect depending on the measure, condition, or population. The remaining study reported a negative effect of classroom acoustic treatment on children’s speech perception and listening effort. These findings suggest that the effect of ceiling and/or wall absorbers/diffusers on sound and reverberation in the room can help students’ speech perception, attention, reading, and well-being, but they may also reduce the speech transmission index resulting in increased listening effort. The limitations of the reviewed studies and avenues for future research on the effect of acoustic treatment on a broader range of listening, learning, and well-being outcomes for students are discussed.
{"title":"The Effect of Classroom Acoustic Treatment on Listening, Learning, and Well-being: A Scoping Review","authors":"Kiri Mealings","doi":"10.1007/s40857-023-00291-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40857-023-00291-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Classrooms are important learning spaces, however, the acoustic conditions in these spaces can often be suboptimal. The aim of this scoping review, which used the PRISMA-ScR protocol, was to understand what is known from the literature about the effect of classroom acoustic treatment on students’ listening, learning, and well-being. Thirteen papers from the database searches were deemed relevant for the review. Information on the years of publication of the papers, the population studied, the types of acoustic treatment used, the measures and methods used to assess the effect of acoustic treatment, and the outcomes of the papers was gathered. Seven of the 13 studies reported positive effects of classroom acoustic treatment on student’s speech perception, attention, and well-being. Five studies reported both positive effects and no effect depending on the measure, condition, or population. The remaining study reported a negative effect of classroom acoustic treatment on children’s speech perception and listening effort. These findings suggest that the effect of ceiling and/or wall absorbers/diffusers on sound and reverberation in the room can help students’ speech perception, attention, reading, and well-being, but they may also reduce the speech transmission index resulting in increased listening effort. The limitations of the reviewed studies and avenues for future research on the effect of acoustic treatment on a broader range of listening, learning, and well-being outcomes for students are discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54355,"journal":{"name":"Acoustics Australia","volume":"51 2","pages":"279 - 291"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40857-023-00291-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50046092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Active control of road noise has been widely recognized as a promising technology. For a feed-forward active road noise control system, the proper selection of the reference vibration signals is very important. It determines the theoretically optimal effect that the system can achieve. In order to achieve a reasonable selection of reference signals, a modified signal selection method is proposed in this paper. A test on road noise data acquisition and relevant analysis is conducted to decide the target frequency band for noise control. After that, an initial reference signal set is established and it is expanded by iteratively calculating the Fisher information matrix and the amount of new correlation information so that a reference signal set that has optimal multiple coherence with road noise is obtained. In the case study, a comparison between the traditional method and the proposed method is conducted. The results show that the proposed method can reach a higher average coherence coefficient and better noise reduction performance than the traditional method.
{"title":"A Modified Reference Signal Selection Method for Feed-Forward Active Road Noise Control System","authors":"Zhengdao Zhou, Shuming Chen, Yaoyu Cai, Zhang Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s40857-023-00290-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40857-023-00290-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Active control of road noise has been widely recognized as a promising technology. For a feed-forward active road noise control system, the proper selection of the reference vibration signals is very important. It determines the theoretically optimal effect that the system can achieve. In order to achieve a reasonable selection of reference signals, a modified signal selection method is proposed in this paper. A test on road noise data acquisition and relevant analysis is conducted to decide the target frequency band for noise control. After that, an initial reference signal set is established and it is expanded by iteratively calculating the Fisher information matrix and the amount of new correlation information so that a reference signal set that has optimal multiple coherence with road noise is obtained. In the case study, a comparison between the traditional method and the proposed method is conducted. The results show that the proposed method can reach a higher average coherence coefficient and better noise reduction performance than the traditional method.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54355,"journal":{"name":"Acoustics Australia","volume":"51 2","pages":"243 - 253"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50026346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-09DOI: 10.1007/s40857-023-00288-7
Yao Sun, Zhihao Wang, hengliang Wu, Chaoqun Yan
This paper investigated the effect of wall compliance on the noise attenuation performance of a water muffler. Firstly, the sound transmission loss (TL) of an expansion chamber with a piston-spring element located at one end wall of the chamber was derived using the transfer matrix method. It is found that transmission loss of a water-filled expansion chamber can be noticeably improved by introducing a reacting element, especially for the low-frequency range and frequency range around the resonance of the reacting element. A further lumped model established using acoustical–electrical analogy reveals that the reacting element functions as a volume amplifier of the expansion chamber for the low-frequency range, while the resonant behavior is dominated by the area and impedance of the reacting element. Then, the model was extended by replacing the piston-spring element with a circular plate. A 1.5-dimensional model was developed in which the fluid–structure interaction was regarded as an added mass effect, and a FEM model was used to verify the accuracy of the theoretical model. Finally, the effects of material properties, thickness, radius, boundary conditions, surface area, and length of the expansion chamber on the sound attenuation performance of reacting expansion chamber mufflers have been examined and discussed.
{"title":"Study on the Performance Improvement Mechanisms of Expansion Chamber Water Mufflers with Reacting End Walls","authors":"Yao Sun, Zhihao Wang, hengliang Wu, Chaoqun Yan","doi":"10.1007/s40857-023-00288-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40857-023-00288-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper investigated the effect of wall compliance on the noise attenuation performance of a water muffler. Firstly, the sound transmission loss (TL) of an expansion chamber with a piston-spring element located at one end wall of the chamber was derived using the transfer matrix method. It is found that transmission loss of a water-filled expansion chamber can be noticeably improved by introducing a reacting element, especially for the low-frequency range and frequency range around the resonance of the reacting element. A further lumped model established using acoustical–electrical analogy reveals that the reacting element functions as a volume amplifier of the expansion chamber for the low-frequency range, while the resonant behavior is dominated by the area and impedance of the reacting element. Then, the model was extended by replacing the piston-spring element with a circular plate. A 1.5-dimensional model was developed in which the fluid–structure interaction was regarded as an added mass effect, and a FEM model was used to verify the accuracy of the theoretical model. Finally, the effects of material properties, thickness, radius, boundary conditions, surface area, and length of the expansion chamber on the sound attenuation performance of reacting expansion chamber mufflers have been examined and discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54355,"journal":{"name":"Acoustics Australia","volume":"51 2","pages":"221 - 231"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50017028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-25DOI: 10.1007/s40857-023-00289-6
Yi Huang, Peng Wen, Bo Song, Yan Li
Transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation is a promising brain stimulation technique for its noninvasiveness and higher spatial resolutions and is used for various neuromodulation applications. As the skull is the primary barrier to delivering ultrasound to the deep brain region, it induces unpredictable ultrasound exposure. The objective of the study is to design customised transducers and assess the effects of the skull on ultrasound wave propagation. Computational skull models were constructed using computerised tomography scans. A full-wave finite-difference time-domain simulation platform, Sim4Life, was then used to design and simulate ultrasound wave propagation. In addition, the impacts of the skull were assessed through sensitivity analysis in the intracranial intensity, pressure, full width at half maximum, and energy deposition. Compared to the intracranial intensity distribution when the transducer is placed over the top area of the skull, the peak intensity increased by 23.4% for transmission through the temporal window. The temporal window, the thinnest part of the skull, provides a site for intracranial peak intensity and optimal focal spot area using focused ultrasound. The numerical investigation in this study provided a guideline for targeting and dosing, accounting for and lessening variability in studies addressing transcranial focused ultrasound applications.
{"title":"Numerical Evaluation of the Human Skull with Focused Ultrasound Stimulation","authors":"Yi Huang, Peng Wen, Bo Song, Yan Li","doi":"10.1007/s40857-023-00289-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40857-023-00289-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation is a promising brain stimulation technique for its noninvasiveness and higher spatial resolutions and is used for various neuromodulation applications. As the skull is the primary barrier to delivering ultrasound to the deep brain region, it induces unpredictable ultrasound exposure. The objective of the study is to design customised transducers and assess the effects of the skull on ultrasound wave propagation. Computational skull models were constructed using computerised tomography scans. A full-wave finite-difference time-domain simulation platform, Sim4Life, was then used to design and simulate ultrasound wave propagation. In addition, the impacts of the skull were assessed through sensitivity analysis in the intracranial intensity, pressure, full width at half maximum, and energy deposition. Compared to the intracranial intensity distribution when the transducer is placed over the top area of the skull, the peak intensity increased by 23.4% for transmission through the temporal window. The temporal window, the thinnest part of the skull, provides a site for intracranial peak intensity and optimal focal spot area using focused ultrasound. The numerical investigation in this study provided a guideline for targeting and dosing, accounting for and lessening variability in studies addressing transcranial focused ultrasound applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54355,"journal":{"name":"Acoustics Australia","volume":"51 2","pages":"233 - 241"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50046910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-25DOI: 10.1007/s40857-023-00287-8
Mohsen Asghari, Mohammad Zareinejad, Seyed Mehdi Rezaei, Hamidreza Amindavar
Matched Field Processing (MFP) is an inversion technique often employed in source localization applications. Conventional MFP approaches are incapable of producing precise results in the presence of extremely impulsive noises, which are typically present in actual applications such as underwater acoustics. This is because the covariance matrix for this category of noises does not converge. Moreover, impulsive noise suppression algorithms fail to provide accurate results. Particularly, fractional lower order moment (FLOM)-based approaches have an unbounded output, and data trimming methods introduce uncertainty into the estimation covariance matrix. In this study, a novel MFP method employing the empirical characteristic function (ECF) is developed. The desirable properties of the characteristic function (CF) result in a robust localization method that is ideally suited for extremely strong tailed noise environments. Using the CF array output, a new covariance-like matrix that can be used in MFP methods has been constructed. To demonstrate the efficiency of the ECF-MFP technique, experiments are conducted in a water tank. Experimental results reveal that this method is very robust in the presence of very heavy tailed noise, a low signal-to-noise ratio, and a tiny sample size. Additionally, it outperforms previous approaches in terms of resolution probability.
{"title":"Robust Matched Field Processing Using an Empirical Characteristic Function Approach Under Impulsive Noise Environments","authors":"Mohsen Asghari, Mohammad Zareinejad, Seyed Mehdi Rezaei, Hamidreza Amindavar","doi":"10.1007/s40857-023-00287-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40857-023-00287-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Matched Field Processing (MFP) is an inversion technique often employed in source localization applications. Conventional MFP approaches are incapable of producing precise results in the presence of extremely impulsive noises, which are typically present in actual applications such as underwater acoustics. This is because the covariance matrix for this category of noises does not converge. Moreover, impulsive noise suppression algorithms fail to provide accurate results. Particularly, fractional lower order moment (FLOM)-based approaches have an unbounded output, and data trimming methods introduce uncertainty into the estimation covariance matrix. In this study, a novel MFP method employing the empirical characteristic function (ECF) is developed. The desirable properties of the characteristic function (CF) result in a robust localization method that is ideally suited for extremely strong tailed noise environments. Using the CF array output, a new covariance-like matrix that can be used in MFP methods has been constructed. To demonstrate the efficiency of the ECF-MFP technique, experiments are conducted in a water tank. Experimental results reveal that this method is very robust in the presence of very heavy tailed noise, a low signal-to-noise ratio, and a tiny sample size. Additionally, it outperforms previous approaches in terms of resolution probability.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54355,"journal":{"name":"Acoustics Australia","volume":"51 2","pages":"201 - 219"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50046911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}