Neuroimage-Clinical最新文献

英文中文

The effects of transcranial random noise stimulation on excitation/inhibition balance in ADHD 经颅随机噪声刺激对ADHD兴奋/抑制平衡的影响。

IF 3.6 2区医学 Q2 NEUROIMAGING

Neuroimage-Clinical

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2025.103923

Ornella Dakwar-Kawar , Amal Jude Ashwin Francis , Renu Arya , Noam Mairon , Jyoti Mishra , Itai Berger , Roi Cohen Kadosh , Pragathi Priyadharsini Balasubramani , Mor Nahum

Background

Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often show aberrant neural activity, including excitation/inhibition (E/I) imbalances, atypical event-related potentials (ERPs), and neural network dysfunction. Transcranial Random Noise Stimulation (tRNS) has shown promise in modulating neural activity in ADHD.

Methods

The current study examined differences in behavioral and EEG signals recorded during an inhibitory control task in children with (N = 23) and without (N = 33) ADHD. Changes in these signals were further assessed following a combined tRNS and cognitive training intervention targeting the right inferior frontal gyrus and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in a sham-controlled randomized trial within the ADHD group only (n = 11 and 12 for intervention and sham groups, respectively).

Results

At baseline, children with ADHD showed slower reaction times, and higher commission error rates compared to healthy controls. Neurally, they exhibited elevated EEG aperiodic exponents, indicating lower E/I balance. Following intervention, we found slower task speed but fewer omission errors in the active compared to the sham group. Regression model showed reduced aperiodic exponents (β = –1.13, t(21) = –2.45, p = 0.023), decreased late ERP-P3b amplitude, and diminished theta and alpha band activity at the cortical level. There was a weaker but still significant reduction in aperiodic exponent values at follow-up compared to immediately post-treatment (β = 0.485, t(63) = 2.182, p = 0.033).

Conclusion

Aperiodic exponent may serve as a useful indicator of treatment-related neural modulation and may provide complementary information to traditional ERP and event-related spectral perturbation (ERSP) measures, warranting further investigation in larger samples.

背景：注意缺陷/多动障碍（ADHD）儿童经常表现出异常的神经活动，包括兴奋/抑制（E/I）失衡、非典型事件相关电位（ERPs）和神经网络功能障碍。经颅随机噪声刺激（tRNS）在调节多动症的神经活动方面显示出前景。方法：本研究检测了有（N = 23）和无（N = 33） ADHD儿童在抑制控制任务中记录的行为和脑电图信号的差异。在一项仅针对ADHD组的假对照随机试验中（干预组和假组分别为11例和12例），在tRNS和认知训练联合干预后，进一步评估了这些信号的变化，这些干预针对的是右侧额下回和左侧背外侧前额皮质。结果：在基线时，与健康对照相比，ADHD儿童表现出较慢的反应时间和较高的委托错误率。在神经方面，他们表现出较高的脑电图非周期指数，表明较低的E/I平衡。干预后，我们发现与假手术组相比，活动组的任务速度较慢，但遗漏错误较少。回归模型显示非周期指数降低（β = -1.13, t(21) = -2.45, p = 0.023），后期ERP-P3b振幅降低，皮层水平θ和α带活动减弱。与治疗后立即随访相比，随访时非周期指数值的下降较弱，但仍有显著性降低（β = 0.485, t(63) = 2.182, p = 0.033）。结论：非周期指数可以作为治疗相关神经调节的有用指标，并可为传统的ERP和事件相关谱摄动（ERSP）测量提供补充信息，值得在更大的样本中进一步研究。

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引用次数: 0

Cognitive adaptations for memory deficits in MCI and AD patients: A meta-analysis of EEG microstates MCI和AD患者记忆缺陷的认知适应：脑电图微观状态的荟萃分析。

IF 3.6 2区医学 Q2 NEUROIMAGING

Neuroimage-Clinical

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2025.103929

Timothy Piton , Una Smailovic , Vesna Jelic , Thomas Koenig , Paul G. Unschuld , Lucie Bréchet

Aim

EEG microstate analysis enables the exploration of the brain’s neuronal network activity associated with distinct mental states and cognitive functions in neurodegenerative conditions, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Some studies indicated that AD and patients with mild cognitive impairments (MCI) show a reduced presence of microstate C, which is related to self-related memory functions and mind-wandering and involves brain areas of the default mode network (DMN). However, other studies reported an increased presence of microstate A, which is associated with auditory/language functions. Here, we aimed to systematically investigate alterations in the four canonical EEG microstates (A, B, C, and D) in MCI and AD patients compared to healthy older adults.

Methods

We performed a meta-analysis that compared microstate temporal parameters − mean duration, occurrence rate, and time coverage − among MCI and AD patients and healthy older adults. We included 12 experimental studies that examined resting-state, eyes-closed EEG microstate parameters in 1347 participants (448 MCI patients, 514 AD patients, and 385 healthy controls).

Results

We found that AD patients showed increased duration and time coverage of microstate A and increased duration of microstate B, while the occurrence of microstates C and D was reduced. MCI patients also exhibited increased duration, occurrence, and time coverage of microstate A, while all three parameters of microstate D were reduced compared to healthy controls.

Conclusion

These results suggest that MCI and AD patients suffer from disruption in their cognitive control, memory, and self-referential processes. They may compensate for these deficits by verbalizing and visualizing their inner thoughts to maintain cognitive engagement.

目的：脑电图微状态分析可以探索神经退行性疾病（如阿尔茨海默病（AD））中与不同精神状态和认知功能相关的大脑神经元网络活动。一些研究表明，AD和轻度认知障碍（MCI）患者表现出微状态C的存在减少，而微状态C与自我相关记忆功能和走神有关，涉及大脑默认模式网络（DMN）区域。然而，其他研究报告了与听觉/语言功能相关的微状态A的增加。在这里，我们旨在系统地研究与健康老年人相比，MCI和AD患者的四种典型EEG微状态（A， B， C和D）的变化。方法：我们进行了一项荟萃分析，比较了MCI和AD患者以及健康老年人的微观状态时间参数——平均持续时间、发生率和时间覆盖。我们纳入了12项实验研究，检查了1347名参与者（448名轻度认知障碍患者，514名AD患者和385名健康对照）的静息状态和闭眼脑电图微状态参数。结果：我们发现ad患者微状态A的持续时间和时间覆盖增加，微状态B的持续时间增加，而微状态C和D的发生减少。MCI患者也表现出微状态A的持续时间、发生率和时间覆盖增加，而微状态D的所有三个参数与健康对照相比都减少。结论：这些结果表明MCI和AD患者存在认知控制、记忆和自我参照过程的破坏。他们可能会通过语言表达和可视化他们的内心想法来弥补这些缺陷，以保持认知参与。

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引用次数: 0

Natural progression of glioma enhances functional connection with the cerebral cortex through synaptogenesis 神经胶质瘤的自然进展通过突触发生增强了与大脑皮层的功能连接。

IF 3.6 2区医学 Q2 NEUROIMAGING

Neuroimage-Clinical

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2026.103942

Jiacheng Lai , Yan Bai , Hongbo Bao , Shuai Wu , Xinyu Wang , Xia Liang , Peng Liang

Objectives

Understanding the progression mechanisms of glioma holds significant implications for improving clinical management. However, the natural progression patterns of glioma remain poorly understood due to the lack of longitudinal clinical samples from untreated patients.

Materials and methods

In this study, we systematically explored the natural progression trajectory of glioma by combining functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) analysis of 24 rare multifocal glioma patients with bioinformatic analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data obtained from tumor samples of glioma mouse with early, mid, and endpoint lesions.

Results

We discovered that larger tumors in multifocal gliomas exhibit stronger functional connectivity with the cerebral cortex and higher degree centrality within brain networks. ScRNA-seq of longitudinal mouse glioma samples revealed progressive activation of synaptic organization and associated regulatory pathways during the natural progression of glioma.

Conclusion

Our multimodal, cross-scale study demonstrates that the natural progression pattern of glioma macroscopically manifests as functional hyperconnectivity with the cerebral cortex, which is supported by microscale molecular programs driving synaptogenesis. These findings elucidate the characteristics and mechanisms underlying glioma natural progression.

目的：了解胶质瘤的进展机制对改善临床治疗具有重要意义。然而，由于缺乏来自未经治疗的患者的纵向临床样本，胶质瘤的自然进展模式仍然知之甚少。材料与方法：本研究通过对24例罕见的多灶性胶质瘤患者的功能磁共振成像（fMRI）分析和对早期、中期和终末病变胶质瘤小鼠肿瘤样本单细胞RNA测序（scRNA-seq）数据的生物信息学分析，系统地探索了胶质瘤的自然发展轨迹。结果：我们发现，多灶性胶质瘤中较大的肿瘤与大脑皮层具有更强的功能连通性，并且在大脑网络中具有更高的中心性。纵向小鼠胶质瘤样本的ScRNA-seq显示，在胶质瘤的自然发展过程中，突触组织和相关调控途径的渐进式激活。结论：我们的多模式、跨尺度的研究表明，胶质瘤的自然发展模式在宏观上表现为与大脑皮层的功能性超连接，这是由驱动突触发生的微观分子程序支持的。这些发现阐明了胶质瘤自然进展的特点和机制。

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Neurometabolics of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in major depressive disorder (MDD): A systematic review and meta-analysis 重度抑郁症（MDD）患者前扣带皮层（ACC）的神经代谢：一项系统回顾和荟萃分析。

IF 3.6 2区医学 Q2 NEUROIMAGING

Neuroimage-Clinical

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2026.103959

Ava J. White , Jennifer L. Robinson , Alan E. Wilson , Meredith A. Reid

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) diagnoses have drastically increased in the United States from 6.5% to 21–30% since 2019, burdening individuals and society alike. Despite considerable efforts to understand the pathogenesis of MDD, the heterogeneity of the disorder has made it difficult to delineate its underpinnings, highlighting the need for biomarker identification. This study assessed the concentrations of key neurometabolites in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in people with MDD (average n = 496) compared to healthy controls (average n = 404). We conducted a systematic review that ultimately led to the inclusion of n = 43 proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹H-MRS) studies for meta-analysis. Average concentrations of eight neurometabolites were compared using a random effects model. We found that subjects with MDD had significantly decreased N-acetylaspartate (NAA; Hedges’ g = -0.16, 95% CI −0.299 to −0.030, p = 0.017), and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA; Hedges’ g = -0.26, 95% CI −0.434 to −0.082, p = 0.004), and increased levels of glutamine (Gln; Hedges’ g = 0.21, 95% CI 0.105 to 0.311, p < 0.001) in the ACC. Subgroup analyses suggested significantly increased NAA detected by magnets stronger than 1.5 Tesla only, glutamate (Glu) in the dorsal ACC only and significantly increased myo-inositol (mI) and choline (Cho) in exclusively unmedicated subjects. This study provides a summative picture of the neurometabolic profile of the ACC in people with MDD and provides a foundation for the development of biomarker-based diagnostic criteria and novel pharmacological treatments.

自2019年以来，美国的重度抑郁症（MDD）诊出率从6.5%急剧增加到21-30%，给个人和社会都带来了负担。尽管在理解重度抑郁症的发病机制方面做了大量的努力，但这种疾病的异质性使得很难描述其基础，这突出了对生物标志物鉴定的需求。本研究评估了重度抑郁症患者（平均n = 496）与健康对照组（平均n = 404）前扣带皮层（ACC）中关键神经代谢物的浓度。我们进行了一项系统综述，最终纳入了n = 43项质子磁共振波谱（1H-MRS）研究进行meta分析。采用随机效应模型比较8种神经代谢物的平均浓度。我们发现重度抑郁症患者的n -乙酰天冬氨酸（NAA; Hedges' g = -0.16, 95% CI -0.299至-0.030,p = 0.017）和γ -氨基丁酸（GABA; Hedges' g = -0.26, 95% CI -0.434至-0.082,p = 0.004）水平显著降低，谷氨酰胺（Gln; Hedges' g = 0.21, 95% CI 0.105至0.311,p = 0.017）水平显著升高

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IF 3.6 2区医学 Q2 NEUROIMAGING

Neuroimage-Clinical

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Neuroimage-Clinical

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