Antecedentes: Las especies exóticas invasoras exhiben diferentes rasgos ecológicos que les confieren ventajas competitivas sobre la vegetación nativa con importantes efectos en la biodiversidad. Preguntas: ¿Cuál es el riesgo de invasión de Cucurbita ficifolia Bouché teniendo en cuenta sus rasgos ecológicos y los impactos que puede estar generando en relictos boscosos? Sitio y periodo de estudio: la investigación se desarrolló durante 2021 en la Reserva Forestal Thomas van der Hammen y su área de influencia, Bogotá D.C., Colombia. Métodos: se examinaron diferentes rasgos ecológicos de C. ficifolia mediante experimentos en campo y de laboratorio. Se analizaron los impactos ecosistémicos a través de un análisis multitemporal con imágenes satelitales y con la caracterización de la vegetación y los principales órdenes de insectos polinizadores. Esta información se utilizó para evaluar su riesgo de invasión. Resultados: C. ficifolia se propagó de manera sexual, su tiempo generacional fue menor a un año. Denotó alta variabilidad morfológica en frutos y semillas registrando, además, abundante producción de semillas con alta viabilidad (> 70 %). Los puntos de contracción del bosque se correlacionaron con la dominancia de C. ficifolia, generando cambios significativos en la composición y estructura de la vegetación y en algunos procesos ecosistémicos. C. ficifolia fue calificada con un alto riesgo de invasión. Conclusiones: C. ficifolia reúne varios rasgos ecológicos asociados con una alta invasividad, lo que permitió establecerse exitosamente en relictos boscosos con efectos relevantes sobre el ecosistema.
背景：外来入侵物种表现出不同的生态特征，使其具有优于本地植被的竞争优势，从而对生物多样性产生重要影响。问题：考虑到 Cucurbita ficifolia Bouché 的生态特征及其可能对森林遗迹造成的影响，它的入侵风险有多大？研究地点和时间：研究于 2021 年在哥伦比亚波哥大特区的托马斯-范德哈门森林保护区及其影响区域进行。方法：通过野外和实验室实验研究 C. ficifolia 的不同生态特征。通过卫星图像的多时空分析以及植被和主要传粉昆虫的特征描述，分析了对生态系统的影响。这些信息用于评估其入侵风险。结果：C. ficifolia 是有性繁殖的，其生成时间不到一年。它的果实和种子形态变化大，种子产量大，存活率高（> 70%）。森林收缩点与 C. ficifolia 的优势相关，导致植被组成和结构以及某些生态系统过程发生显著变化。C. ficifolia的入侵风险很高。结论C. ficifolia具有几种与高入侵性相关的生态特征，这使其能够成功地在森林遗迹中立足，并对生态系统产生相关影响。
{"title":"Invasoras inadvertidas: establecimiento de Cucurbita ficifolia Bouché en relictos de un Bosque Andino disturbado","authors":"José A. Muñoz, I. C. Rodríguez González","doi":"10.17129/botsci.3426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17129/botsci.3426","url":null,"abstract":"Antecedentes: Las especies exóticas invasoras exhiben diferentes rasgos ecológicos que les confieren ventajas competitivas sobre la vegetación nativa con importantes efectos en la biodiversidad. \u0000Preguntas: ¿Cuál es el riesgo de invasión de Cucurbita ficifolia Bouché teniendo en cuenta sus rasgos ecológicos y los impactos que puede estar generando en relictos boscosos? \u0000Sitio y periodo de estudio: la investigación se desarrolló durante 2021 en la Reserva Forestal Thomas van der Hammen y su área de influencia, Bogotá D.C., Colombia. \u0000Métodos: se examinaron diferentes rasgos ecológicos de C. ficifolia mediante experimentos en campo y de laboratorio. Se analizaron los impactos ecosistémicos a través de un análisis multitemporal con imágenes satelitales y con la caracterización de la vegetación y los principales órdenes de insectos polinizadores. Esta información se utilizó para evaluar su riesgo de invasión. \u0000Resultados: C. ficifolia se propagó de manera sexual, su tiempo generacional fue menor a un año. Denotó alta variabilidad morfológica en frutos y semillas registrando, además, abundante producción de semillas con alta viabilidad (> 70 %). Los puntos de contracción del bosque se correlacionaron con la dominancia de C. ficifolia, generando cambios significativos en la composición y estructura de la vegetación y en algunos procesos ecosistémicos. C. ficifolia fue calificada con un alto riesgo de invasión. \u0000Conclusiones: C. ficifolia reúne varios rasgos ecológicos asociados con una alta invasividad, lo que permitió establecerse exitosamente en relictos boscosos con efectos relevantes sobre el ecosistema.","PeriodicalId":54375,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140230400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ernesto Cabrera-Becerril, Annie May Ek García-García, M. L. Núñez Resendiz, K. M. Dreckmann, A. Sentíes
Background: Nostocales is a widely distributed, monophyletic order of cyanobacteria, whose species are mainly characterized by the presence of specialized structures such as heterocytes and akinetes. Despite being the most diverse group in marine environments, little is known about coastal species in Mexico. Particularly in Veracruz, only 17 species have been recorded, without photographic, morphological references, or ecological data; these records are only mentioned in floristic lists. Questions and / or Hypotheses: The present study aimed to contribute to the knowledge of the diversity of benthic marine Nostocales species in Veracruz, Mexico, as well as to provide detailed descriptions and illustrations of the species found, which can serve as a reference in subsequent studies. Study site and dates: Collect of cyanobacterial growths were made in three locations throughout Veracruz in 2020. Methods: The organisms were isolated from the field material. With the use of specialized taxonomic keys, they were morphologically identified, described and photographed. Results: A total of 20 Nostocales species were obtained, of which 17 were additions to the phycoflora of Veracruz, constituting an increase of 55 %. Taxonomic notes are added highlighting their differences with the literature. One of the species was identified as cf. and seven as sp., because their characteristics fully coincided with the generic morphology, but did not completely concur with the literature. Conclusions: These suggest that several records could correspond to new taxon not yet described that must be confirmed with different molecular markers.
{"title":"Diversity of marine benthic species of Nostocales (Cyanobacteria) in Veracruz, Mexico","authors":"Ernesto Cabrera-Becerril, Annie May Ek García-García, M. L. Núñez Resendiz, K. M. Dreckmann, A. Sentíes","doi":"10.17129/botsci.3391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17129/botsci.3391","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Nostocales is a widely distributed, monophyletic order of cyanobacteria, whose species are mainly characterized by the presence of specialized structures such as heterocytes and akinetes. Despite being the most diverse group in marine environments, little is known about coastal species in Mexico. Particularly in Veracruz, only 17 species have been recorded, without photographic, morphological references, or ecological data; these records are only mentioned in floristic lists. \u0000Questions and / or Hypotheses: The present study aimed to contribute to the knowledge of the diversity of benthic marine Nostocales species in Veracruz, Mexico, as well as to provide detailed descriptions and illustrations of the species found, which can serve as a reference in subsequent studies. \u0000Study site and dates: Collect of cyanobacterial growths were made in three locations throughout Veracruz in 2020. \u0000Methods: The organisms were isolated from the field material. With the use of specialized taxonomic keys, they were morphologically identified, described and photographed. \u0000Results: A total of 20 Nostocales species were obtained, of which 17 were additions to the phycoflora of Veracruz, constituting an increase of 55 %. Taxonomic notes are added highlighting their differences with the literature. One of the species was identified as cf. and seven as sp., because their characteristics fully coincided with the generic morphology, but did not completely concur with the literature. \u0000Conclusions: These suggest that several records could correspond to new taxon not yet described that must be confirmed with different molecular markers.","PeriodicalId":54375,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140237380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Luis Ocupa-Horna, Kelly D. Agurto-Palomino, Ayrtón Chorres-Arica, Iván Tamayo-Cen
Background: Encyclia, is a genus with more than 200 species in the Neotropics, eight of which have been previously reported from Peru. During the evaluation of the orchid flora in the forests of the Sicchez district, a small population of an Encyclia species was found that could not be unequivocally matched to any previously known species in the country. Questions: Will the recent explorations of Northern Peru result in the reporting of new taxa for the country? Studied species: Orchidaceae, Laeliinae, Encyclia Hook, Encyclia naranjapatensis Dodson Study site and dates: Sicchez District, Ayabaca Province, Piura Department, Peru, 2022-2023. Methods: Specimens were collected and determined by consulting botanical collections available online, taxonomic treatments, checklists, and specialized literature. The conservation status was assessed according to IUCN methodology. Results: We report a novelty for Peru, Encyclia naranjapatensis, and an updated description including morphological information on relevant structures that will be used to diagnose this entity. In addition, E. naranjapatensis is part of a basal clade referred to as the E. diurna species group. The conservation status assessment results in Endangered and the species is linked to the Seasonally Dry Tropical Forest, an endangered ecosystem throughout the Neotropics. Conclusions: The recent entity located in Peru correspond to Encyclia naranjapatensis. This discovery allows us to investigate the geographical limits, discuss the phylogenetic and ecological affinities, update the original description, and evaluate its conservation status.
{"title":"Encyclia naranjapatensis Dodson (Orchidaceae), a new record for the Peruvian flora","authors":"Luis Ocupa-Horna, Kelly D. Agurto-Palomino, Ayrtón Chorres-Arica, Iván Tamayo-Cen","doi":"10.17129/botsci.3413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17129/botsci.3413","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Encyclia, is a genus with more than 200 species in the Neotropics, eight of which have been previously reported from Peru. During the evaluation of the orchid flora in the forests of the Sicchez district, a small population of an Encyclia species was found that could not be unequivocally matched to any previously known species in the country. \u0000Questions: Will the recent explorations of Northern Peru result in the reporting of new taxa for the country? \u0000Studied species: Orchidaceae, Laeliinae, Encyclia Hook, Encyclia naranjapatensis Dodson \u0000Study site and dates: Sicchez District, Ayabaca Province, Piura Department, Peru, 2022-2023. \u0000Methods: Specimens were collected and determined by consulting botanical collections available online, taxonomic treatments, checklists, and specialized literature. The conservation status was assessed according to IUCN methodology. \u0000Results: We report a novelty for Peru, Encyclia naranjapatensis, and an updated description including morphological information on relevant structures that will be used to diagnose this entity. In addition, E. naranjapatensis is part of a basal clade referred to as the E. diurna species group. The conservation status assessment results in Endangered and the species is linked to the Seasonally Dry Tropical Forest, an endangered ecosystem throughout the Neotropics. \u0000Conclusions: The recent entity located in Peru correspond to Encyclia naranjapatensis. This discovery allows us to investigate the geographical limits, discuss the phylogenetic and ecological affinities, update the original description, and evaluate its conservation status.","PeriodicalId":54375,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140243870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Karen Liliana Rostro del Muro, E. D. Morales-García, A. Castro-Castro, Guadalupe Munguía-Lino
Antecedentes: Gentianaceae está representada por 18 géneros y 90 especies en México. El género Geniostemon y 46 especies son endémicas. La familia está incluida en tratados taxonómicos y listados florísticos de diversos estados y regiones de México, sin embargo, la región de Nueva Galicia carece de una revisión para el grupo. Preguntas: ¿Cuántos y cuáles géneros y especies de la familia Gentianaceae hay en Nueva Galicia? ¿Cuáles son sus características ecológicas y fenológicas de Gentianaceae en la zona de estudio? Especies de estudio: La familia Gentianaceae. Sitio y año de estudio: Nueva Galicia, 2018-2022. Métodos: El trabajo se desarrolló en cinco fases: 1) obtención del listado preliminar de especies, 2) consulta de ejemplares de herbario, 3) elaboración de matriz de datos a partir de la información de las etiquetas de ejemplares de herbario, 4) exploración y recolección en campo y 5) análisis de la información. Resultados: En Nueva Galicia, Gentianaceae está representada por nueve géneros, 25 especies y dos variedades. Concentra su mayor diversidad en sitios húmedos de bosques templados, en un rango de elevación de 1,500-2,500 m. Gentianaceae florece y/o fructifica a lo largo de todo el año, pero se encontraron más taxones con estructuras reproductivas en octubre y noviembre. Conclusiones: La riqueza de Gentianaceae encontrada posiciona a Nueva Galicia como la zona de mayor diversidad de esta familia con respecto a otros proyectos florísticos en México.
{"title":"Riqueza, distribución y claves de identificación de la familia Gentianaceae en Nueva Galicia, México","authors":"Karen Liliana Rostro del Muro, E. D. Morales-García, A. Castro-Castro, Guadalupe Munguía-Lino","doi":"10.17129/botsci.3431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17129/botsci.3431","url":null,"abstract":"Antecedentes: Gentianaceae está representada por 18 géneros y 90 especies en México. El género Geniostemon y 46 especies son endémicas. La familia está incluida en tratados taxonómicos y listados florísticos de diversos estados y regiones de México, sin embargo, la región de Nueva Galicia carece de una revisión para el grupo. \u0000Preguntas: ¿Cuántos y cuáles géneros y especies de la familia Gentianaceae hay en Nueva Galicia? ¿Cuáles son sus características ecológicas y fenológicas de Gentianaceae en la zona de estudio? \u0000Especies de estudio: La familia Gentianaceae. \u0000Sitio y año de estudio: Nueva Galicia, 2018-2022. \u0000Métodos: El trabajo se desarrolló en cinco fases: 1) obtención del listado preliminar de especies, 2) consulta de ejemplares de herbario, 3) elaboración de matriz de datos a partir de la información de las etiquetas de ejemplares de herbario, 4) exploración y recolección en campo y 5) análisis de la información. \u0000Resultados: En Nueva Galicia, Gentianaceae está representada por nueve géneros, 25 especies y dos variedades. Concentra su mayor diversidad en sitios húmedos de bosques templados, en un rango de elevación de 1,500-2,500 m. Gentianaceae florece y/o fructifica a lo largo de todo el año, pero se encontraron más taxones con estructuras reproductivas en octubre y noviembre. \u0000Conclusiones: La riqueza de Gentianaceae encontrada posiciona a Nueva Galicia como la zona de mayor diversidad de esta familia con respecto a otros proyectos florísticos en México.","PeriodicalId":54375,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140247477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Valeria Naranjo-Aguilar, Rebeca Mora-Castro, Jessica Morera-Huertas, Rafael H. Acuña-Castillo, Keilor Rojas‐Jimenez
Background: Utricularia jamesoniana, a small epiphytic plant found in wet tropical forests, stands out for its carnivorous habit, intricate trap system, and small but beautiful and complex flowers. This species remains relatively understudied despite its wide geographical distribution and curious adaptations. Questions: Our aim is to elucidate the composition of bacterial and fungal communities inhabiting both the bladders and leaves of Utricularia jamesoniana, facilitating the comprehension of the physiology and ecological dynamics of this carnivorous species. Methods: In this study, we employed 16S rRNA and ITS sequencing to compare the prokaryotic and fungal communities within leaves and traps of U. jamesoniana. Results: The analysis of amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) unveiled notable differences in community composition depending on the plant tissue and type of microorganism. Prokaryotic communities predominantly comprised Proteobacteria and Actinobacteriota, featuring genera such as Acidocella, Bradyrhizobium, Ferritrophicum, and Ferrovum. Fungal communities were dominated by Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, encompassing representatives of Dothideomycetes, Sordariomycetes, Eurotiomycetes, and Agaricomycetes, as well as ASVs related to Mycosphaerellaceae, Colletotrichum, Aspergillus, and Thanatephorus. We determined that the prokaryotic diversity was higher in the bladders with respect to the leaves. Fungal communities, in turn, were more diverse in leaves than in bladders. Conclusions: This study sheds light on the microbial communities associated with this carnivorous epiphyte and provides valuable insights into the intricate relationships between the plant and its microbial inhabitants across different tissues.
{"title":"Comparison of the microbiome and mycobiome in tissues of the tropical carnivorous epiphytic herb Utricularia jamesoniana Oliv. (Lentibulariaceae)","authors":"Valeria Naranjo-Aguilar, Rebeca Mora-Castro, Jessica Morera-Huertas, Rafael H. Acuña-Castillo, Keilor Rojas‐Jimenez","doi":"10.17129/botsci.3437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17129/botsci.3437","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Utricularia jamesoniana, a small epiphytic plant found in wet tropical forests, stands out for its carnivorous habit, intricate trap system, and small but beautiful and complex flowers. This species remains relatively understudied despite its wide geographical distribution and curious adaptations. \u0000Questions: Our aim is to elucidate the composition of bacterial and fungal communities inhabiting both the bladders and leaves of Utricularia jamesoniana, facilitating the comprehension of the physiology and ecological dynamics of this carnivorous species. \u0000Methods: In this study, we employed 16S rRNA and ITS sequencing to compare the prokaryotic and fungal communities within leaves and traps of U. jamesoniana. \u0000Results: The analysis of amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) unveiled notable differences in community composition depending on the plant tissue and type of microorganism. Prokaryotic communities predominantly comprised Proteobacteria and Actinobacteriota, featuring genera such as Acidocella, Bradyrhizobium, Ferritrophicum, and Ferrovum. Fungal communities were dominated by Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, encompassing representatives of Dothideomycetes, Sordariomycetes, Eurotiomycetes, and Agaricomycetes, as well as ASVs related to Mycosphaerellaceae, Colletotrichum, Aspergillus, and Thanatephorus. We determined that the prokaryotic diversity was higher in the bladders with respect to the leaves. Fungal communities, in turn, were more diverse in leaves than in bladders. \u0000Conclusions: This study sheds light on the microbial communities associated with this carnivorous epiphyte and provides valuable insights into the intricate relationships between the plant and its microbial inhabitants across different tissues.","PeriodicalId":54375,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140079475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Leonarodo O. Alvarado-Cárdenas, Sarahí Díaz-Mota, J. F. Pío-León
Antecedentes: En el trabajo de campo realizado en el municipio de Altotonga, Veracruz, se localizaron poblaciones de una especie del género Matelea con flor sobresalientemente pequeña, que no coincidía con las especies reportadas para México, sino que es morfológicamente similar a M. anomala, especie endémica de Bolivia. Preguntas: ¿las poblaciones de la Matelea de Altotonga corresponden a una especie nueva para la ciencia o a una distribución disjunta de M. anomala? Especies de estudio: Matelea sp. nov. Sitio y años de estudio: Reserva del Río Pancho Poza, Altotonga, Veracruz, México. Métodos: Se realizó comparación morfológica con las especies mexicanas de Matelea y con M. anomala, empleando el concepto cohesivo de especie. Resultados: Se describe a Matelea lilliputiana como especie nueva para la ciencia, endémica del municipio de Altotonga, Veracruz. Se diferencia de M. anomala por presentar una corona ginostegial 5-lobada con ápices bifurcados (vs. corona no claramente lobada y márgenes fimbriados en M. anomala), estípite anguloso (vs. cilíndrico) y cáliz densamente pubescente-hirsuto (vs. glabrescente). Adicionalmente, M. lilliputiana es endémica de México y crece en bosque de pino-encino con elementos de mesófilo, mientras que M. anomala es endémica de Bolivia y crece en matorral estacionalmente seco. Conclusiones: Con el presente descubrimiento, el estado de Veracruz alcanza 126 especies de Apocynaceae, con cinco endémicas. A nivel mundial, es la segunda especie del género en presentar corolas menores a 5 mm de largo y la primera para México.
背景：在韦拉克鲁斯州阿尔托通加市（Altotonga）进行的实地考察发现了一种花朵特别小的 Matelea 属物种种群，该物种与墨西哥报告的物种不一致，但在形态上与玻利维亚特有物种 M. anomala 相似。问题：阿尔托通加岛的 Matelea 种群是科学界的新物种，还是 M. anomala 的不连续分布区？研究物种：Matelea sp.研究方法：采用物种内聚概念，与墨西哥的 Matelea 和 M. anomala 进行形态学比较。结果：Matelea lilliputiana 被描述为维拉克鲁斯州 Altotonga 市特有的科学新物种。与 M. anomala 的不同之处在于，它的合蕊冠有 5 个裂片，顶端分叉（而 M. anomala 的合蕊冠没有明显的裂片，边缘流苏状），柄呈角状（而 M. anomala 的柄呈圆柱状），花萼密被短柔毛（而 M. anomala 的花萼后脱落）。此外，M. lilliputiana 是墨西哥的特有植物，生长在具有中叶成分的松栎林中，而 M. anomala 是玻利维亚的特有植物，生长在季节性干燥的灌木丛中。结论：有了这次发现，韦拉克鲁斯州的胡蜂科植物达到了 126 种，其中有 5 种为特有种。在世界范围内，它是该属中第二个花冠长度小于 5 毫米的物种，也是墨西哥的第一个物种。
{"title":"Una nueva y diminuta Matelea (Apocynaceae) de Veracruz, México","authors":"Leonarodo O. Alvarado-Cárdenas, Sarahí Díaz-Mota, J. F. Pío-León","doi":"10.17129/botsci.3425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17129/botsci.3425","url":null,"abstract":"Antecedentes: En el trabajo de campo realizado en el municipio de Altotonga, Veracruz, se localizaron poblaciones de una especie del género Matelea con flor sobresalientemente pequeña, que no coincidía con las especies reportadas para México, sino que es morfológicamente similar a M. anomala, especie endémica de Bolivia. \u0000Preguntas: ¿las poblaciones de la Matelea de Altotonga corresponden a una especie nueva para la ciencia o a una distribución disjunta de M. anomala? \u0000Especies de estudio: Matelea sp. nov. \u0000Sitio y años de estudio: Reserva del Río Pancho Poza, Altotonga, Veracruz, México. \u0000Métodos: Se realizó comparación morfológica con las especies mexicanas de Matelea y con M. anomala, empleando el concepto cohesivo de especie. \u0000Resultados: Se describe a Matelea lilliputiana como especie nueva para la ciencia, endémica del municipio de Altotonga, Veracruz. Se diferencia de M. anomala por presentar una corona ginostegial 5-lobada con ápices bifurcados (vs. corona no claramente lobada y márgenes fimbriados en M. anomala), estípite anguloso (vs. cilíndrico) y cáliz densamente pubescente-hirsuto (vs. glabrescente). Adicionalmente, M. lilliputiana es endémica de México y crece en bosque de pino-encino con elementos de mesófilo, mientras que M. anomala es endémica de Bolivia y crece en matorral estacionalmente seco. \u0000Conclusiones: Con el presente descubrimiento, el estado de Veracruz alcanza 126 especies de Apocynaceae, con cinco endémicas. A nivel mundial, es la segunda especie del género en presentar corolas menores a 5 mm de largo y la primera para México.","PeriodicalId":54375,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140078884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Iris Betsabe Juan Baeza, Cristina Martínez-Garza, E. Jardel-Peláez
Antecedentes: En los bosques tropicales de pino, los incendios propician el mantenimiento de la biodiversidad. Hipótesis: Los incendios favorecen la regeneración natural; el aumento en la severidad de incendio y la topografía afectan la estructura, composición y regeneración del bosque. Sitio y años de estudio: El bosque tropical de pino en El Fresno, Morelos un año después de un incendio. Métodos: La estructura, composición y regeneración se evaluaron en 13 parcelas en un bosque no quemado y en 45 parcelas de 500 m2 que experimentaron severidad de incendio baja, media y alta. Además, la estructura del bosque antes del incendio se reconstruyo incluyendo a los árboles muertos. Resultados: Se registraron 4,727 individuos vivos, 1,134 muertos y 2,130 rebrotes de 11 especies en ocho familias: tres especies son reclutadoras y siete, rebrotadoras. La mayor abundancia de plántulas se registró en la severidad media: >98% fueron plántulas de Pinus pringlei (Pinaceae). La mayor abundancia de rebrotes se registró en la severidad alta: >72% fueron rebrotes de Quercus spp. (Fagaceae). El aumento en la severidad de incendio disminuyó el área basal y la cobertura del dosel. A mayor altitud hubo una mayor densidad de árboles adultos y juveniles mientras que a mayor pendiente se registró un aumento en el área basal de árboles muertos. Conclusiones: El incendio aumentó la regeneración y cambió la composición del bosque. En la severidad media de incendio aumentó la densidad de plántulas de pino, mientras que la severidad alta de incendio favoreció el rebrote de encinos.
{"title":"Efecto de la severidad de incendio en la estructura y regeneración del bosque tropical de pino-implicaciones para su restauración","authors":"Iris Betsabe Juan Baeza, Cristina Martínez-Garza, E. Jardel-Peláez","doi":"10.17129/botsci.3411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17129/botsci.3411","url":null,"abstract":"Antecedentes: En los bosques tropicales de pino, los incendios propician el mantenimiento de la biodiversidad. \u0000Hipótesis: Los incendios favorecen la regeneración natural; el aumento en la severidad de incendio y la topografía afectan la estructura, composición y regeneración del bosque. \u0000Sitio y años de estudio: El bosque tropical de pino en El Fresno, Morelos un año después de un incendio. \u0000Métodos: La estructura, composición y regeneración se evaluaron en 13 parcelas en un bosque no quemado y en 45 parcelas de 500 m2 que experimentaron severidad de incendio baja, media y alta. Además, la estructura del bosque antes del incendio se reconstruyo incluyendo a los árboles muertos. \u0000Resultados: Se registraron 4,727 individuos vivos, 1,134 muertos y 2,130 rebrotes de 11 especies en ocho familias: tres especies son reclutadoras y siete, rebrotadoras. La mayor abundancia de plántulas se registró en la severidad media: >98% fueron plántulas de Pinus pringlei (Pinaceae). La mayor abundancia de rebrotes se registró en la severidad alta: >72% fueron rebrotes de Quercus spp. (Fagaceae). El aumento en la severidad de incendio disminuyó el área basal y la cobertura del dosel. A mayor altitud hubo una mayor densidad de árboles adultos y juveniles mientras que a mayor pendiente se registró un aumento en el área basal de árboles muertos. \u0000Conclusiones: El incendio aumentó la regeneración y cambió la composición del bosque. En la severidad media de incendio aumentó la densidad de plántulas de pino, mientras que la severidad alta de incendio favoreció el rebrote de encinos.","PeriodicalId":54375,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140088899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fernando Vélez-Esperilla, Ángela Fondón-Aguilar, T. Rodríguez‐Riaño, A. Ortega‐Olivencia
Background: Floral microstructure, with multiple functions, is very important in pollination biology. Questions: Are the expected general characteristics of corolla micromorphology fulfilled in the selected species with different pollination systems? Studied species: Agave americana, Arbutus unedo, Aristolochia paucinervis, Cestrum nocturnum, Cytinus hypocistis subsp. macranthus, C. ruber, Dianthus lusitanus, Grevillea robusta, Musa x paradisiaca, Nicotiana glauca, Stellaria media and Teucrium fruticans. Study site and dates: Southern Spain, 2017-2019. Methods: Floral micromorphological characters were studied by light and scanning electron microscopy and analyzed using different statistical tests. Results: The adaxial side of the corolla lobes in melittophilous, myrmecophilous, psychophilous and sapromyophilous species showed papillose cells, and the same was true of the sphingophilous species Cestrum nocturnum and hummingbird-pollinated Nicotiana glauca. In contrast, tabular cells were observed in the perching-pollinator ornithophilous species Grevillea robusta, the two studied chiropterophilous species, and autogamous Stellaria media. In addition, corolla mesophyll was thicker in chiropterophilous species. Furthermore, differences were detected in cell turgidity (in protogynous Aristolochia paucinervis) and in mesophyll thickness between male and female flowers (Cytinus). Conclusions: Papillose cells were present in corollas in physical contact with pollinators, as expected, but also appeared in corollas of some other species without such contact. We recommend that studies of dichogamous and unisexual species include comparisons of corolla micromorphology between sexual states, as differences may exist in cell turgidity or mesophyll thickness. We also caution against the widespread view that certain types of pollinators do not mechanically interact with the epidermal surface of the corolla.
{"title":"Corolla micromorphology in 12 plant species with different pollination systems","authors":"Fernando Vélez-Esperilla, Ángela Fondón-Aguilar, T. Rodríguez‐Riaño, A. Ortega‐Olivencia","doi":"10.17129/botsci.3415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17129/botsci.3415","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Floral microstructure, with multiple functions, is very important in pollination biology. \u0000Questions: Are the expected general characteristics of corolla micromorphology fulfilled in the selected species with different pollination systems? \u0000Studied species: Agave americana, Arbutus unedo, Aristolochia paucinervis, Cestrum nocturnum, Cytinus hypocistis subsp. macranthus, C. ruber, Dianthus lusitanus, Grevillea robusta, Musa x paradisiaca, Nicotiana glauca, Stellaria media and Teucrium fruticans. \u0000Study site and dates: Southern Spain, 2017-2019. \u0000Methods: Floral micromorphological characters were studied by light and scanning electron microscopy and analyzed using different statistical tests. \u0000Results: The adaxial side of the corolla lobes in melittophilous, myrmecophilous, psychophilous and sapromyophilous species showed papillose cells, and the same was true of the sphingophilous species Cestrum nocturnum and hummingbird-pollinated Nicotiana glauca. In contrast, tabular cells were observed in the perching-pollinator ornithophilous species Grevillea robusta, the two studied chiropterophilous species, and autogamous Stellaria media. In addition, corolla mesophyll was thicker in chiropterophilous species. Furthermore, differences were detected in cell turgidity (in protogynous Aristolochia paucinervis) and in mesophyll thickness between male and female flowers (Cytinus). \u0000Conclusions: Papillose cells were present in corollas in physical contact with pollinators, as expected, but also appeared in corollas of some other species without such contact. We recommend that studies of dichogamous and unisexual species include comparisons of corolla micromorphology between sexual states, as differences may exist in cell turgidity or mesophyll thickness. We also caution against the widespread view that certain types of pollinators do not mechanically interact with the epidermal surface of the corolla.","PeriodicalId":54375,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140431800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Emiliano Navarrete-Sauza, M. Rojas-Aréchiga, M. K. Pérez-Pacheco, Judith Márquez-Guzmán
Background: Calotropis procera is a plant native in the tropics and subtropics of Asia and Africa. In Mexico, its presence is now registered in Yucatán, Quintana Roo and Oaxaca. Questions and / or Hypotheses: Fruit and seed morphometry vary among places where it is native or exotic? Are seed structures well identified in Calotropis procera? Studied species: The exotic Calotropis procera has been already reported in several states in Mexico, however, information about its reproductive biology in Mexican populations is scarce. Studied site and dates: Fruits were collected in Oaxaca, Mexico in September 2019. Methods: We obtained fruit and seed morphometric data and seed images with microscopy. Results: The fruits are green and ovoid. The average number of seeds per fruit is 364 ± 86 (SD). The seed is brown and flattened dorsoventrally. The length of the seeds is 8.37 ± 0.413 mm, the width is 5.01 ± 0.39 mm, and the weight is 10.5 ± 7.86 mg. The position of the hilum and the micropyle is reported and the occurrence of two types of trichomes on the testa. We suggest that the protrusion on the ventral surface of the seed is the raphe. Conclusions: From data obtained we concluded that fruit and seed characteristics are well conserved in this species. We confirmed the position of the hilum and micropyle and reported the presence of two types of trichomes in the testa. Location of the raphe is suggested, providing information that may be useful for future taxonomic studies.
{"title":"Fruit and seed morphometry and seed structure of the potentially invasive Calotropis procera (Aiton) W.T. Aiton (Apocynaceae)","authors":"Emiliano Navarrete-Sauza, M. Rojas-Aréchiga, M. K. Pérez-Pacheco, Judith Márquez-Guzmán","doi":"10.17129/botsci.3392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17129/botsci.3392","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Calotropis procera is a plant native in the tropics and subtropics of Asia and Africa. In Mexico, its presence is now registered in Yucatán, Quintana Roo and Oaxaca. \u0000Questions and / or Hypotheses: Fruit and seed morphometry vary among places where it is native or exotic? Are seed structures well identified in Calotropis procera? \u0000Studied species: The exotic Calotropis procera has been already reported in several states in Mexico, however, information about its reproductive biology in Mexican populations is scarce. \u0000Studied site and dates: Fruits were collected in Oaxaca, Mexico in September 2019. \u0000Methods: We obtained fruit and seed morphometric data and seed images with microscopy. \u0000Results: The fruits are green and ovoid. The average number of seeds per fruit is 364 ± 86 (SD). The seed is brown and flattened dorsoventrally. The length of the seeds is 8.37 ± 0.413 mm, the width is 5.01 ± 0.39 mm, and the weight is 10.5 ± 7.86 mg. The position of the hilum and the micropyle is reported and the occurrence of two types of trichomes on the testa. We suggest that the protrusion on the ventral surface of the seed is the raphe. \u0000Conclusions: From data obtained we concluded that fruit and seed characteristics are well conserved in this species. We confirmed the position of the hilum and micropyle and reported the presence of two types of trichomes in the testa. Location of the raphe is suggested, providing information that may be useful for future taxonomic studies.","PeriodicalId":54375,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140429033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Ramírez‐Morillo, Claudia J. Ramírez-Díaz, Patricia Magaña Rueda, J. Tapia-Muñoz, Ricardo Rivera Martínez
Background: Hechtia is characterized by its terrestrial, succulent rosettes, dioecy, and unisexual, dimorphic flowers, mainly fragrant. The paucity and fragmentary herbarium material limit the species recognition but living material reveals diagnostic characters to delimitate them. Hypothesis: Hechtia species are circumscribed by a combination of vegetative and floral characters of both sexes. If the new taxon does not share morphological characters with other species, it will be described as new. Taxon: Hechtia. Study site and dates: Chamela-Cuixmala Biosphere Reserve, Jalisco, 1985-2023. Methods: Field collected, cultivated as well as herbarium material of the new taxon were analyzed and compared to other species from the Pacific Lowlands and adjacent areas, particularly flowers of both sexes, fruits, and seeds. Conservation status using IUCN criteria is reported for the new species. Results: Specimens of Hechtia chamelensis have been misidentified as H. laevis and H. reticulata (both described from fruiting, fragmentary specimens) but the fruit and seed features of both taxa do not match those of the new species. H. chamelensis is known from the Chamela-Cuixmala Biosphere Reserve and it is characterized by strict sympodial growth pattern, green leaves with red hues, shiny and glabrous above, white lepidote below, panicles usually simple to (rarely staminate ones) 2-divided, staminate flowers pinkish to pale white, pistillate with pale green to white petals. Conclusions: Vegetative and reproductive features as well as geographical distribution allow the recognition of H. chamelensis as a new species native from Jalisco, Mexico.
{"title":"The official presentation to science of a new species of Hechtia (Bromeliaceae: Hechtioideae) from the Pacific Lowlands in Mexico","authors":"I. Ramírez‐Morillo, Claudia J. Ramírez-Díaz, Patricia Magaña Rueda, J. Tapia-Muñoz, Ricardo Rivera Martínez","doi":"10.17129/botsci.3404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17129/botsci.3404","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hechtia is characterized by its terrestrial, succulent rosettes, dioecy, and unisexual, dimorphic flowers, mainly fragrant. The paucity and fragmentary herbarium material limit the species recognition but living material reveals diagnostic characters to delimitate them. \u0000Hypothesis: Hechtia species are circumscribed by a combination of vegetative and floral characters of both sexes. If the new taxon does not share morphological characters with other species, it will be described as new. \u0000Taxon: Hechtia. \u0000Study site and dates: Chamela-Cuixmala Biosphere Reserve, Jalisco, 1985-2023. \u0000Methods: Field collected, cultivated as well as herbarium material of the new taxon were analyzed and compared to other species from the Pacific Lowlands and adjacent areas, particularly flowers of both sexes, fruits, and seeds. Conservation status using IUCN criteria is reported for the new species. \u0000Results: Specimens of Hechtia chamelensis have been misidentified as H. laevis and H. reticulata (both described from fruiting, fragmentary specimens) but the fruit and seed features of both taxa do not match those of the new species. H. chamelensis is known from the Chamela-Cuixmala Biosphere Reserve and it is characterized by strict sympodial growth pattern, green leaves with red hues, shiny and glabrous above, white lepidote below, panicles usually simple to (rarely staminate ones) 2-divided, staminate flowers pinkish to pale white, pistillate with pale green to white petals. \u0000Conclusions: Vegetative and reproductive features as well as geographical distribution allow the recognition of H. chamelensis as a new species native from Jalisco, Mexico.","PeriodicalId":54375,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140446366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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