Antonio Francisco‐Gutiérrez, L. O. Alvarado-Cárdenas
Background: Aphyllon is a genus of 25 root-holoparasitic species restricted to the Americas. It has a disjunct distribution, with 21 species distributed in North America and four in South America. Aphyllon is divided into two sections: Aphyllonand Nothaphyllon. All species of the genus have host-specificity, make it a study model in the evolution of holoparasitic plants. Recently, observations of a putative new species of Aphyllon were detected on iNaturalist. Questions: Are the alluded iNaturalist observations of Aphyllon supported as a new species? What characters distinguish this taxon from the other species of Aphyllon? Studied species: Taxa of Aphyllon section Nothaphyllon. Study site and dates: Mexico; 2020–2023. Methods: Specimens were collected, dissected, measured, photographed and preserved. Herbarium specimens and literature on Aphyllon were reviewed. Comparisons of the taxon with species of section Nothaphyllon’s were performed. Results: A new species of the holoparasitic Aphyllon (Orobanchaceae) is described and illustrated. It is the second species of tropical humid vegetation in Mexico, an atypical environment for most of the genus, and it is the only species of the section with racemes with narrowed to nearly closed corolla mouths, and straight, non-revolute lobes of the lower lip. Conclusions: The records in the citizen science platform have been useful to illustrate the morphology and color of the organisms, as well as to propose new species of Aphyllon. The photographs provide information not found in herbarium specimens due to oxidation and discoloration that occurs when drying Orobanchaceae plants.
{"title":"A new tropical species of Aphyllon (Orobanchaceae: Orobancheae) from Chiapas, Mexico","authors":"Antonio Francisco‐Gutiérrez, L. O. Alvarado-Cárdenas","doi":"10.17129/botsci.3293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17129/botsci.3293","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Aphyllon is a genus of 25 root-holoparasitic species restricted to the Americas. It has a disjunct distribution, with 21 species distributed in North America and four in South America. Aphyllon is divided into two sections: Aphyllonand Nothaphyllon. All species of the genus have host-specificity, make it a study model in the evolution of holoparasitic plants. Recently, observations of a putative new species of Aphyllon were detected on iNaturalist. \u0000Questions: Are the alluded iNaturalist observations of Aphyllon supported as a new species? What characters distinguish this taxon from the other species of Aphyllon? \u0000Studied species: Taxa of Aphyllon section Nothaphyllon. \u0000Study site and dates: Mexico; 2020–2023. \u0000Methods: Specimens were collected, dissected, measured, photographed and preserved. Herbarium specimens and literature on Aphyllon were reviewed. Comparisons of the taxon with species of section Nothaphyllon’s were performed. \u0000Results: A new species of the holoparasitic Aphyllon (Orobanchaceae) is described and illustrated. It is the second species of tropical humid vegetation in Mexico, an atypical environment for most of the genus, and it is the only species of the section with racemes with narrowed to nearly closed corolla mouths, and straight, non-revolute lobes of the lower lip. \u0000Conclusions: The records in the citizen science platform have been useful to illustrate the morphology and color of the organisms, as well as to propose new species of Aphyllon. The photographs provide information not found in herbarium specimens due to oxidation and discoloration that occurs when drying Orobanchaceae plants.","PeriodicalId":54375,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46630301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Susana A. Montaño-Arias, Noé Manuel Montaño, Sara Lucía Camargo-Ricalde, Rosaura Grether, Genaro Montaño-Arias, Eduardo Chimal-Sánchez
Antecedentes: En plantas, las compensaciones morfo-fisiológicas, así como las asociaciones microbianas, regulan el uso de recursos limitantes y el ensamblaje de las comunidades vegetales. Pregunta: ¿Qué relación tienen la micorrización arbuscular y nodulación bacteriana en el crecimiento y asignación de biomasa de ocho especies de Mimosa? Especies de estudio: Mimosa adenantheroides, M. biuncifera, M. calcicola, M. lacerata, M. luisana, M. polyantha, M. purpusii y M. texana var. filipes. Sitio de estudio y fechas: Valle de Tehuacán-Cuicatlán, Puebla-Oaxaca, México, 2013 y 2014. Método: Las plantas crecieron en dos tratamientos: i) Con inóculo de hongos micorrizógenos arbusculares (HMA) y bacterias fijadoras de N2 (BFN) de islas de recursos (IR) de Mimosa y ii) sin inóculo, con nueve réplicas por especie/tratamiento. Se evaluó el crecimiento de las plantas, la micorrización arbuscular y la nodulación en las raíces. Resultados: Las especies de Mimosa, creciendo sin inóculo, variaron en crecimiento y asignación de biomasa con valores inferiores al tratamiento con inóculo, y se agruparon en tres diseños morfológicos: i) M. calcicola y M. lacerata; ii) M. adenantheroides, M. luisana y M. polyantha; y iii) M. biuncifera, M. purpusii y M. texana var. filipes. Asimismo, las ocho especies conformaron un cuarto diseño cuando crecieron con inóculo que favoreció su crecimiento y modificó sus patrones de asignación de biomasa. Conclusiones: Los resultados contribuyen a delinear posibles grupos funcionales en Mimosa, pero se requiere la evaluación de otros rasgos funcionales para seleccionar especies con potencial en la restauración ambiental y comprender el ensamblaje de las comunidades vegetales.
背景:在植物中，形态-生理补偿和微生物组合调节有限资源的使用和植物群落的聚集。问:丛枝菌根和细菌结瘤对8种含羞草的生长和生物量分配有什么关系?研究种:Mimosa adenantheroides, M. biuncifera, M. calcicola, M. lacerata, M. luisana, M. polyantha, M. purpusii和M. texana var. filipes。研究地点和日期:Valle de tehuacan - cuicatlan, Puebla-Oaxaca, mexico, 2013年和2014年。方法:1)接种含羞草资源岛(IR)的丛枝菌根真菌(HMA)和N2固定细菌(BFN); 2)不接种，每个种/处理9个重复。在本研究中，我们评估了在墨西哥和美国进行的两项试验的结果。结果:含羞草种在不接种的情况下生长，其生长和生物量分配均低于接种处理，并分为3种形态设计:1)钙质含羞草和lacerata含羞草;adenantheroides, M. luisana和M. polyantha;(iii) M. biuncifera, M. purpusii和M. texana var. filipes。8个物种在接种有利于其生长和改变生物量分配模式时形成了第4个设计。研究结果表明，含羞草的功能群与含羞草不同，含羞草的功能群与含羞草不同，含羞草的功能群与含羞草的功能群不同，含羞草的功能群与含羞草的功能群不同。
{"title":"Crecimiento y asignación de biomasa de ocho especies de Mimosa (Leguminosae) y su relación con la nodulación y micorrización arbuscular","authors":"Susana A. Montaño-Arias, Noé Manuel Montaño, Sara Lucía Camargo-Ricalde, Rosaura Grether, Genaro Montaño-Arias, Eduardo Chimal-Sánchez","doi":"10.17129/botsci.3295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17129/botsci.3295","url":null,"abstract":"Antecedentes: En plantas, las compensaciones morfo-fisiológicas, así como las asociaciones microbianas, regulan el uso de recursos limitantes y el ensamblaje de las comunidades vegetales. \u0000Pregunta: ¿Qué relación tienen la micorrización arbuscular y nodulación bacteriana en el crecimiento y asignación de biomasa de ocho especies de Mimosa? \u0000Especies de estudio: Mimosa adenantheroides, M. biuncifera, M. calcicola, M. lacerata, M. luisana, M. polyantha, M. purpusii y M. texana var. filipes. \u0000Sitio de estudio y fechas: Valle de Tehuacán-Cuicatlán, Puebla-Oaxaca, México, 2013 y 2014. \u0000Método: Las plantas crecieron en dos tratamientos: i) Con inóculo de hongos micorrizógenos arbusculares (HMA) y bacterias fijadoras de N2 (BFN) de islas de recursos (IR) de Mimosa y ii) sin inóculo, con nueve réplicas por especie/tratamiento. Se evaluó el crecimiento de las plantas, la micorrización arbuscular y la nodulación en las raíces. \u0000Resultados: Las especies de Mimosa, creciendo sin inóculo, variaron en crecimiento y asignación de biomasa con valores inferiores al tratamiento con inóculo, y se agruparon en tres diseños morfológicos: i) M. calcicola y M. lacerata; ii) M. adenantheroides, M. luisana y M. polyantha; y iii) M. biuncifera, M. purpusii y M. texana var. filipes. Asimismo, las ocho especies conformaron un cuarto diseño cuando crecieron con inóculo que favoreció su crecimiento y modificó sus patrones de asignación de biomasa. \u0000Conclusiones: Los resultados contribuyen a delinear posibles grupos funcionales en Mimosa, pero se requiere la evaluación de otros rasgos funcionales para seleccionar especies con potencial en la restauración ambiental y comprender el ensamblaje de las comunidades vegetales.","PeriodicalId":54375,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45295065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gabriel Arroyo-Cosultchi, Lauro López-Mata, Ángel Rivera-Rios
Antecedentes: Asumiendo que las estructuras poblacionales de Abies religiosa reflejan patrones de uso, aprovechamiento, extracción y manejo, se analizó su estructura y algunos parámetros demográficos, en poblaciones sujetas a perturbaciones antropogénicas. Hipótesis y/o preguntas: ¿Cuál es el efecto de la extracción selectiva de árboles sobre la estructura poblacional y la regeneración natural de A. religiosa? Especie estudiada: Abies religiosa (Kunth) Schltdl. & Cham. Sitios y fechas de estudio: Monte Tláloc, Parque Nacional Iztaccíhuatl-Popocatépetl, años 2020-2022 Métodos: En tres niveles altitudinales, se seleccionaron tres parcelas de 50 × 50 m, por nivel y se midieron todos los árboles con diámetro a la altura del pecho (DAP) ≥ 1 cm. Se registraron los árboles reproductivos, dañados, muertos y el diámetro de tocones. Resultados: El patrón estructural del bosque y por nivel altitudinal, reveló una forma de J-invertida, la cual sugiere que la mortalidad por categoría de DAP se compensa con el reclutamiento de la clase diamétrica anterior. En general, los árboles se reproducen a partir de los 29 cm de DAP y tienden a producir un número de semillas viables creciente con incrementos en su DAP. Sin embargo, en los niveles superior e inferior alcanza un máximo en árboles con DAP entre 60 y 70 cm, y en el intermedio con DAP ≥ 90 cm. Conclusiones: Las extracciones selectivas de árboles no parecen representar un riesgo para la viabilidad poblacional, sino que al generar claros de luz pequeños (≤ 100 m2) tienden a promover la regeneración natural de A. religiosa.
{"title":"Estructura poblacional y rasgos demográficos de Abies religiosa (Kunth) Schltdl. & Cham. en el Monte Tláloc, Parque Nacional Iztaccíhuatl Popocatépetl, México","authors":"Gabriel Arroyo-Cosultchi, Lauro López-Mata, Ángel Rivera-Rios","doi":"10.17129/botsci.3323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17129/botsci.3323","url":null,"abstract":"Antecedentes: Asumiendo que las estructuras poblacionales de Abies religiosa reflejan patrones de uso, aprovechamiento, extracción y manejo, se analizó su estructura y algunos parámetros demográficos, en poblaciones sujetas a perturbaciones antropogénicas. \u0000Hipótesis y/o preguntas: ¿Cuál es el efecto de la extracción selectiva de árboles sobre la estructura poblacional y la regeneración natural de A. religiosa? \u0000Especie estudiada: Abies religiosa (Kunth) Schltdl. & Cham. \u0000Sitios y fechas de estudio: Monte Tláloc, Parque Nacional Iztaccíhuatl-Popocatépetl, años 2020-2022 \u0000Métodos: En tres niveles altitudinales, se seleccionaron tres parcelas de 50 × 50 m, por nivel y se midieron todos los árboles con diámetro a la altura del pecho (DAP) ≥ 1 cm. Se registraron los árboles reproductivos, dañados, muertos y el diámetro de tocones. \u0000Resultados: El patrón estructural del bosque y por nivel altitudinal, reveló una forma de \u0000J-invertida, la cual sugiere que la mortalidad por categoría de DAP se compensa con el reclutamiento de la clase diamétrica anterior. En general, los árboles se reproducen a partir de los 29 cm de DAP y tienden a producir un número de semillas viables creciente con incrementos en su DAP. Sin embargo, en los niveles superior e inferior alcanza un máximo en árboles con DAP entre 60 y 70 cm, y en el intermedio con DAP ≥ 90 cm. \u0000Conclusiones: Las extracciones selectivas de árboles no parecen representar un riesgo para la viabilidad poblacional, sino que al generar claros de luz pequeños (≤ 100 m2) tienden a promover la regeneración natural de A. religiosa.","PeriodicalId":54375,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48425757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Antecedentes. Históricamente en biología ha habido discrepancias a la hora de considerar a ciertos taxones dentro de las categorías “nativo” o “exótico” en determinadas áreas geográficas. Preguntas y/o hipótesis. ¿Tienen los taxones cualidades inherentes que permitan establecer formalismos concordantes con un principio de prioridad como criterio para resolver los problemas derivados de la categorización “nativo-exótico”? Sitio y años de estudio: Tres áreas asociadas geográficamente pero con características discordantes fueron seleccionadas. Este trabajo se realizó entre 2017 y 2022. Métodos: Se proponen dos tipos de índices complementarios. El “Índice de Ancestralidad Binario”, que parte de la distinción clásica de especie “nativa-exótica” y se codifica en forma binaria. El “Índice de Ancestralidad Escalar”, que se basa en el desarrollo de dos criterios: uno espacial (“distancia al área de origen”) y otro temporal (“tiempo de permanencia”). Resultados: Se obtuvieron tablas con los índices mencionados para las especies y áreas elegidas. Conclusiones: Estos índices resultarán útiles, por ejemplo, cuando sea necesario tomar decisiones que puedan afectar negativamente a los ecosistemas, considerando la historia e identidad del sitio. Los índices también serían fundamentales como estímulo a investigaciones de temáticas asociadas y para componerlo que se propone como estratigrafía ecológicade un área.
{"title":"Principios de desarrollo de Índices de Ancestralidad para taxones biológicos","authors":"Elián M. Espósito Sandoval","doi":"10.17129/botsci.3266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17129/botsci.3266","url":null,"abstract":"Antecedentes. Históricamente en biología ha habido discrepancias a la hora de considerar a ciertos taxones dentro de las categorías “nativo” o “exótico” en determinadas áreas geográficas. \u0000Preguntas y/o hipótesis. ¿Tienen los taxones cualidades inherentes que permitan establecer formalismos concordantes con un principio de prioridad como criterio para resolver los problemas derivados de la categorización “nativo-exótico”? \u0000Sitio y años de estudio: Tres áreas asociadas geográficamente pero con características discordantes fueron seleccionadas. Este trabajo se realizó entre 2017 y 2022. \u0000Métodos: Se proponen dos tipos de índices complementarios. El “Índice de Ancestralidad Binario”, que parte de la distinción clásica de especie “nativa-exótica” y se codifica en forma binaria. El “Índice de Ancestralidad Escalar”, que se basa en el desarrollo de dos criterios: uno espacial (“distancia al área de origen”) y otro temporal (“tiempo de permanencia”). \u0000Resultados: Se obtuvieron tablas con los índices mencionados para las especies y áreas elegidas. \u0000Conclusiones: Estos índices resultarán útiles, por ejemplo, cuando sea necesario tomar decisiones que puedan afectar negativamente a los ecosistemas, considerando la historia e identidad del sitio. Los índices también serían fundamentales como estímulo a investigaciones de temáticas asociadas y para componerlo que se propone como estratigrafía ecológicade un área.","PeriodicalId":54375,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49466251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Oumayma Ilehi, H. Chograni, Fedoua Ben Rejeb, L. Riahi
Background: The efficacy and selectivity of phytochemicals are required for the development of new botanical bioherbicides for both pre- and post-emergence applications. Questions: How vary the phytotoxic potential of the aqueous extracts of Artemisia arborescens among five plant species? Studied species: Lactuca sativa used as a model species, two monocotyledons (Triticum turgidum, Zea mays) and two dicotyledons (Raphanus sativus, Pisum sativum). Study site and dates: Two Artemisia arborescens genotypes were collected at Bousselem and Kef, North West of Tunisia; March 2021. Results: The aqueous extracts are rich in polyphenols, flavonoids, condensed tannins and terpenoids. The highest in vitroinhibitory potential on germination and seedlings growth was detected against Lactuca sativa. The concentration 8 mg/mL causes total inhibition of lettuce germination and has no significant effect on pea germination. At this concentration, the extracts inhibited the germination of the agronomic crops by 46-58 % (Raphanus sativus), 74 % (Zea mays) and 72-78 % (Triticum turgidum). The inhibition rates of radicles and shoots growth vary according to the applied concentration. The in vivo tests showed higher phytotoxic activity against Lactuca sativa and both monocotyledons. This was confirmed by the variation of the symptomatic and biochemical traits. Conclusions: The obtained results confirm the selective bioherbicidal activity of A. arborescens water extracts which promote its potential as natural resource for the development of new botanical bioherbicides.
{"title":"Selectivity of the bioherbicidal potential of Artemisia arborescens L. among model and agronomic crops and implications for pre- and post-emergence applications","authors":"Oumayma Ilehi, H. Chograni, Fedoua Ben Rejeb, L. Riahi","doi":"10.17129/botsci.3302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17129/botsci.3302","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The efficacy and selectivity of phytochemicals are required for the development of new botanical bioherbicides for both pre- and post-emergence applications. \u0000Questions: How vary the phytotoxic potential of the aqueous extracts of Artemisia arborescens among five plant species? \u0000Studied species: Lactuca sativa used as a model species, two monocotyledons (Triticum turgidum, Zea mays) and two dicotyledons (Raphanus sativus, Pisum sativum). \u0000Study site and dates: Two Artemisia arborescens genotypes were collected at Bousselem and Kef, North West of Tunisia; March 2021. \u0000Results: The aqueous extracts are rich in polyphenols, flavonoids, condensed tannins and terpenoids. The highest in vitroinhibitory potential on germination and seedlings growth was detected against Lactuca sativa. The concentration 8 mg/mL causes total inhibition of lettuce germination and has no significant effect on pea germination. At this concentration, the extracts inhibited the germination of the agronomic crops by 46-58 % (Raphanus sativus), 74 % (Zea mays) and 72-78 % (Triticum turgidum). The inhibition rates of radicles and shoots growth vary according to the applied concentration. The in vivo tests showed higher phytotoxic activity against Lactuca sativa and both monocotyledons. This was confirmed by the variation of the symptomatic and biochemical traits. \u0000Conclusions: The obtained results confirm the selective bioherbicidal activity of A. arborescens water extracts which promote its potential as natural resource for the development of new botanical bioherbicides.","PeriodicalId":54375,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47752154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Knowledge of endemism in a region (natural or political) is fundamental to determining natural biogeographic regions and establishing conservation priorities. Questions: How many vascular plant species are endemic to the state of Puebla? What is the geographic distribution of endemism in the state? Are there centers of phylogenetic endemism? Studied species: 356 species of vascular plants. Study site: State of Puebla, Mexico. Methods: Based on the literature review and botanical specimens in digitized databases, the vascular plant species endemic or nearly endemic to the state of Puebla, Mexico, was assessed. Using a grid cell 1° × 1° latitude and longitude size, the incidence of each species was assessed. With the above information and a phylogeny of the species, a spatial phylogenetic analysis was carried out to detect centers of phylogenetic endemism. Results: 82.6 % of the 356 endemic species to Puebla are distributed in only one to three grid cells. The spatial phylogenetic analysis revealed centers of high phylogenetic diversity and endemism as well as delineated centers of mixed and paleo-endemism. Conclusions: The state of Puebla contains areas that meet the criteria to be considered centers of species endemism. Strategies toward a better understanding of plant endemism, as here proposed, suggest a better comprehension of the chorology of Mexican endemism, and assess the true role of our natural protected areas in conserving endemic species.
{"title":"The vascular plant species endemic or nearly endemic to Puebla, Mexico","authors":"J. Villaseñor, E. Ortiz, M. Hernández-Flores","doi":"10.17129/botsci.3299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17129/botsci.3299","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Knowledge of endemism in a region (natural or political) is fundamental to determining natural biogeographic regions and establishing conservation priorities. \u0000Questions: How many vascular plant species are endemic to the state of Puebla? What is the geographic distribution of endemism in the state? Are there centers of phylogenetic endemism? \u0000Studied species: 356 species of vascular plants. \u0000Study site: State of Puebla, Mexico. \u0000Methods: Based on the literature review and botanical specimens in digitized databases, the vascular plant species endemic or nearly endemic to the state of Puebla, Mexico, was assessed. Using a grid cell 1° × 1° latitude and longitude size, the incidence of each species was assessed. With the above information and a phylogeny of the species, a spatial phylogenetic analysis was carried out to detect centers of phylogenetic endemism. \u0000Results: 82.6 % of the 356 endemic species to Puebla are distributed in only one to three grid cells. The spatial phylogenetic analysis revealed centers of high phylogenetic diversity and endemism as well as delineated centers of mixed and paleo-endemism. \u0000Conclusions: The state of Puebla contains areas that meet the criteria to be considered centers of species endemism. Strategies toward a better understanding of plant endemism, as here proposed, suggest a better comprehension of the chorology of Mexican endemism, and assess the true role of our natural protected areas in conserving endemic species.","PeriodicalId":54375,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46179986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Anguiano-Constante, E. Dean, Guadalupe Munguía-Lino, Daniel Sánchez-Carbajal, E. Ruíz-Sánchez, Aarón Rodríguez
Background: Lycianthes moziniana (Capsiceae, Solanaceae) is an endemic and widespread species in Mexico. Morphological and molecular evidence suggested three varieties (L. moziniana var. margaretiana, L. moziniana var. moziniana and L. moziniana var. oaxacana). Hypotheses: Lycianthes moziniana is integrated by differentiated lineages corresponding to the three varieties identified. Studied species: Lycianthes moziniana (Dunal) Bitter. Study sites and dates: Mexico from 2017 to 2021. Methods: We measured 11 morphological characters based on 207 herbarium specimens. Discriminant Canonical Analysis (DCA), Mahalanobis Square Distance (MD) and Canonical Classificatory Analysis (CCA) were used to uncover the differences among varieties. For geographic and climatic preferences and divergence, we used 288 records and four climatic layers. Results: Two canonical functions explained 100 % of the morphological variation and seven characters had the highest discriminatory power. In addition, MD was statistically significant. Meanwhile, the CCA recovered three groups at 77 %. The morphological evidence demonstrated the distinctiveness of L. moziniana var. moziniana. In contrast, L. moziniana var. margaretiana and L. moziniana var. oaxacana were morphologically similar. The identity test showed significant differences among Ecological Niche Models (ENMs). The evidence indicates geographic and climatic isolation among the varieties. Lycianthes moziniana var. moziniana is widespread and has intermediate overlap with the other two varieties. Lycianthes moziniana var. margaretiana and L. moziniana var. oaxacana were isolated in different biogeographical provinces and showed the lowest overlap. Conclusions: Morphological and geographic data indicates incipient speciation is occurring.
{"title":"Diversification within Lycianthes moziniana (Capsiceae, Solanaceae)","authors":"M. Anguiano-Constante, E. Dean, Guadalupe Munguía-Lino, Daniel Sánchez-Carbajal, E. Ruíz-Sánchez, Aarón Rodríguez","doi":"10.17129/botsci.3301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17129/botsci.3301","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Lycianthes moziniana (Capsiceae, Solanaceae) is an endemic and widespread species in Mexico. Morphological and molecular evidence suggested three varieties (L. moziniana var. margaretiana, L. moziniana var. moziniana and L. moziniana var. oaxacana). \u0000Hypotheses: Lycianthes moziniana is integrated by differentiated lineages corresponding to the three varieties identified. \u0000Studied species: Lycianthes moziniana (Dunal) Bitter. \u0000Study sites and dates: Mexico from 2017 to 2021. \u0000Methods: We measured 11 morphological characters based on 207 herbarium specimens. Discriminant Canonical Analysis (DCA), Mahalanobis Square Distance (MD) and Canonical Classificatory Analysis (CCA) were used to uncover the differences among varieties. For geographic and climatic preferences and divergence, we used 288 records and four climatic layers. \u0000Results: Two canonical functions explained 100 % of the morphological variation and seven characters had the highest discriminatory power. In addition, MD was statistically significant. Meanwhile, the CCA recovered three groups at 77 %. The morphological evidence demonstrated the distinctiveness of L. moziniana var. moziniana. In contrast, L. moziniana var. margaretiana and L. moziniana var. oaxacana were morphologically similar. The identity test showed significant differences among Ecological Niche Models (ENMs). The evidence indicates geographic and climatic isolation among the varieties. Lycianthes moziniana var. moziniana is widespread and has intermediate overlap with the other two varieties. Lycianthes moziniana var. margaretiana and L. moziniana var. oaxacana were isolated in different biogeographical provinces and showed the lowest overlap. \u0000Conclusions: Morphological and geographic data indicates incipient speciation is occurring.","PeriodicalId":54375,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44564089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Héctor Serrano-Martínez, Adriana Beatriz Ortiz-Quijano, J. D. Tejero-Díez, A. Sánchez-González
Antecedentes: El Parque Nacional El Chico (PNC), una de las primeras áreas naturales protegidas (ANP) en México, es relevante por los servicios ambientales y biodiversidad que alberga, por lo que es necesario conocer su flora. Preguntas: ¿Cuál es la riqueza y distribución de licopodios y helechos en los diferentes tipos de vegetación del PNC? ¿Cómo es la diversidad beta, en ambos grupos de plantas en el PNC, con respecto a otras ANP del estado de Hidalgo? Especies de estudio: Helechos y licopodios Sitio y años de estudio: Parque Nacional El Chico, 2008-2009, 2022 Métodos: Se recolectaron ejemplares en 18 localidades y siete tipos de vegetación y se determinaron a nivel de especie. Se estimó diversidad taxonómica, semejanza en composición de especies, diversidad beta y complementariedad, con técnicas estándar. Resultados: Se recolectaron 205 ejemplares que representan 63 especies de helechos y cinco de licopodios. Las familias representativas fueron Aspleniaceae, Dryopteridaceae, Polypodiaceae, Pteridaceae y Selaginellaceae (> 5 especies cada una). La riqueza fue alta en los bosques de Abies-Quercus, galería, Quercus y Abies (> 22 especies en cada uno). El número de especies por unidad de área fue elevado, comparado con otras ANP y regiones aledañas; la complementariedad fue alta con respecto a las dos ANP de mayor extensión territorial en Hidalgo. Conclusiones: El PNC alberga 60.2 % de las especies de licopodios y helechos de la cuenca de México, y presenta alta diversidad taxonómica y complementariedad, comparado con otras ANPs de la entidad, lo cual resalta su importancia como reservorio de biodiversidad.
{"title":"Riqueza y distribución de licopodios y helechos del Parque Nacional El Chico, estado de Hidalgo, México","authors":"Héctor Serrano-Martínez, Adriana Beatriz Ortiz-Quijano, J. D. Tejero-Díez, A. Sánchez-González","doi":"10.17129/botsci.3306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17129/botsci.3306","url":null,"abstract":"Antecedentes: El Parque Nacional El Chico (PNC), una de las primeras áreas naturales protegidas (ANP) en México, es relevante por los servicios ambientales y biodiversidad que alberga, por lo que es necesario conocer su flora. \u0000Preguntas: ¿Cuál es la riqueza y distribución de licopodios y helechos en los diferentes tipos de vegetación del PNC? ¿Cómo es la diversidad beta, en ambos grupos de plantas en el PNC, con respecto a otras ANP del estado de Hidalgo? \u0000Especies de estudio: Helechos y licopodios \u0000Sitio y años de estudio: Parque Nacional El Chico, 2008-2009, 2022 \u0000Métodos: Se recolectaron ejemplares en 18 localidades y siete tipos de vegetación y se determinaron a nivel de especie. Se estimó diversidad taxonómica, semejanza en composición de especies, diversidad beta y complementariedad, con técnicas estándar. \u0000Resultados: Se recolectaron 205 ejemplares que representan 63 especies de helechos y cinco de licopodios. Las familias representativas fueron Aspleniaceae, Dryopteridaceae, Polypodiaceae, Pteridaceae y Selaginellaceae (> 5 especies cada una). La riqueza fue alta en los bosques de Abies-Quercus, galería, Quercus y Abies (> 22 especies en cada uno). El número de especies por unidad de área fue elevado, comparado con otras ANP y regiones aledañas; la complementariedad fue alta con respecto a las dos ANP de mayor extensión territorial en Hidalgo. \u0000Conclusiones: El PNC alberga 60.2 % de las especies de licopodios y helechos de la cuenca de México, y presenta alta diversidad taxonómica y complementariedad, comparado con otras ANPs de la entidad, lo cual resalta su importancia como reservorio de biodiversidad.","PeriodicalId":54375,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67442914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fabiola Soto-Trejo, Sergio Zamudio-Ruiz, S. Espinosa-Matías
Background: Embryology of the male reproductive structures in Fouquieriaceae has been poorly studied. The ontogeny of the anther wall, microsporogenesis, microgametogenesis, and pollen morphology were described in detail for Fouquieria fasciculata. Questions: How microsporogenesis and microgametogenesis are carried out in Fouquieria fasciculata? How is the morphology of mature pollen grain? Study species: Fouquieria fasciculata (Fouquieriaceae). Study site and date: Río Estórax Canyon, near the El Plátano, Querétaro, Mexico. Methods: Floral buds and flowers at different stages of development were collected and processed for further analysis with light and scanning electron microscopy. Results: The development of the anther wall is of Dicotyledonous type. The anther wall consists of a single-layered epidermis covered by a thick cuticle, an endothecium with U-shaped fibrous thickenings, one middle layer and a secretory tapetum with uni or binucleate cell. Two orbicules types were characterized: doughnut-shape orbicules and aggregated orbicules with ruminate appearance. Microsporogenesis is successive, the microspore tetrads are tetrahedral. Pollen grains are prolate, tricolporate with reticulate-heterobrochate exine, and are shed in the two-celled stage. Conclusions: This research is the first comprehensive study of male structures ontogeny of Fouquieriaceae. Remarkable features were described in Fouquieria fasciculata, such as the differentiation of a secretory tapetum and the presence of orbicules, which are described for the first time and contribute to characterize the embryology of Fouquieriaceae.
{"title":"Microsporogenesis, microgametogenesis, and pollen grain morphology of Fouquieria fasciculata (Fouquieriaceae, Ericales)","authors":"Fabiola Soto-Trejo, Sergio Zamudio-Ruiz, S. Espinosa-Matías","doi":"10.17129/botsci.3282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17129/botsci.3282","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Embryology of the male reproductive structures in Fouquieriaceae has been poorly studied. The ontogeny of the anther wall, microsporogenesis, microgametogenesis, and pollen morphology were described in detail for Fouquieria fasciculata. \u0000Questions: How microsporogenesis and microgametogenesis are carried out in Fouquieria fasciculata? How is the morphology of mature pollen grain? \u0000Study species: Fouquieria fasciculata (Fouquieriaceae). \u0000Study site and date: Río Estórax Canyon, near the El Plátano, Querétaro, Mexico. \u0000Methods: Floral buds and flowers at different stages of development were collected and processed for further analysis with light and scanning electron microscopy. \u0000Results: The development of the anther wall is of Dicotyledonous type. The anther wall consists of a single-layered epidermis covered by a thick cuticle, an endothecium with U-shaped fibrous thickenings, one middle layer and a secretory tapetum with uni or binucleate cell. Two orbicules types were characterized: doughnut-shape orbicules and aggregated orbicules with ruminate appearance. Microsporogenesis is successive, the microspore tetrads are tetrahedral. Pollen grains are prolate, tricolporate with reticulate-heterobrochate exine, and are shed in the two-celled stage. \u0000Conclusions: This research is the first comprehensive study of male structures ontogeny of Fouquieriaceae. Remarkable features were described in Fouquieria fasciculata, such as the differentiation of a secretory tapetum and the presence of orbicules, which are described for the first time and contribute to characterize the embryology of Fouquieriaceae.","PeriodicalId":54375,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47305927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The evolutionary pattern of dinophytes is complex and requires comprehensive taxonomic studies addressing the species' development and morphology, ecology, evolution, and genetics. Questions: How recent was the transition of D. baltica from Mexico to freshwater based on a calibrated phylogeny tree of the Kryptoperidiniaceae? Studied species and data description: Durinskia baltica, Kryptoperidiniaceae and the known fossil record of dinotoms (endosymbiont diatom-host dinophytes). Study sites and dates: Xochimilco, Mexico City. 2010 to 2019. Methods: Phylogenies were constructed with Bayesian inferences and host sequences were calibrated with a relaxed clock method. Results: We obtained genetic sequences of the 18S rDNA sector in the host and the rbcL sector in the endosymbiont. The Nitzschia-type endosymbiont is genetically distinct from endosymbionts of other dinotomes with the same diatom type. In contrast, considering the known freshwater species of Durinskia, the genetic relationship between hosts is robust and of recent origin. The antiquity of the Mexican sequence coincides with the geological origin of the Xochimilco basin, suggesting particularities in the evolutionary history of dinotomes linked to the geographic regions they inhabit. Conclusions: Our evolutionary scenario with a calibrated phylogeny indicates that the transition of Durinskia baltica to freshwater in the Xochimilco basin is geologically contextualized. The historical environmental change of Lake Xochimilco with respect to salinity corresponds with an initial colonization of D. baltica in a brackish environment and its subsequent adaptation to freshwater.
{"title":"Timescale lessons of Durinskia baltica (Kryptoperidiniaceae, Dinophyta) from freshwater through a molecular phylogeny","authors":"B. Lira, R. Tavera, E. Novelo","doi":"10.17129/botsci.3259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17129/botsci.3259","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The evolutionary pattern of dinophytes is complex and requires comprehensive taxonomic studies addressing the species' development and morphology, ecology, evolution, and genetics. \u0000Questions: How recent was the transition of D. baltica from Mexico to freshwater based on a calibrated phylogeny tree of the Kryptoperidiniaceae? \u0000Studied species and data description: Durinskia baltica, Kryptoperidiniaceae and the known fossil record of dinotoms (endosymbiont diatom-host dinophytes). \u0000Study sites and dates: Xochimilco, Mexico City. 2010 to 2019. \u0000Methods: Phylogenies were constructed with Bayesian inferences and host sequences were calibrated with a relaxed clock method. \u0000Results: We obtained genetic sequences of the 18S rDNA sector in the host and the rbcL sector in the endosymbiont. The Nitzschia-type endosymbiont is genetically distinct from endosymbionts of other dinotomes with the same diatom type. In contrast, considering the known freshwater species of Durinskia, the genetic relationship between hosts is robust and of recent origin. The antiquity of the Mexican sequence coincides with the geological origin of the Xochimilco basin, suggesting particularities in the evolutionary history of dinotomes linked to the geographic regions they inhabit. \u0000Conclusions: Our evolutionary scenario with a calibrated phylogeny indicates that the transition of Durinskia baltica to freshwater in the Xochimilco basin is geologically contextualized. The historical environmental change of Lake Xochimilco with respect to salinity corresponds with an initial colonization of D. baltica in a brackish environment and its subsequent adaptation to freshwater.","PeriodicalId":54375,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42855176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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