I. Ramírez‐Morillo, C. Hornung‐Leoni, Katya J. Romero‐Soler
Background: Hechtia is known among Bromeliaceae by its unisexual, sexually dimorphic, mainly fragrant flowers and dioecy; delimitation of taxa particularly on those with lateral inflorescence, requires qualitative morphological evidence from both sexes, because dimensions of structures change during its growth. Hypotheses: Hechtia species are delimitated based on a combination of discrete morphological characters from both sexes, associated with narrow geographical distributions. If examination of populations of San Luis Potosí shows characters that place the taxon in the genus and distinguish it from other species in Hechtia, the taxon will be described as new. Taxon: Hechtioideae, Hechtia sp. nov. Study site and dates: Mexican State of San Luis Potosí and vicinities, 2015-2021. Methods: Live plants as well as herbarium material of the new taxon and the most morphological similar species, were analyzed, with examination of inflorescences and flowers of both sexes, fruits, and seeds. Geographical distribution was mapped and conservation status using IUCN criteria is reported for the new species. Results: Hechtia sanchezii has been confused with H. glomerata since both share lateral, glomerulate-like infructescences, but H. sanchezii shows red to ferruginous indumenta on floral bracts and sepals (vs. white), these red (vs. greenish or brownish), pink petals (vs. white), scentless (vs. fragrant) flowers, stamens with filaments of two lengths, three epipetalous, and three alternating with petals (vs. two lengths but all filaments epipetalous). Conclusions: Morphological and geographical evidence allow the recognition of H. sanchezii as a new species native from San Luis Potosí, Mexico.
{"title":"A long-flowering Hechtia (Bromeliaceae): Hechtia sanchezii, a new species from San Luis Potosí, Mexico","authors":"I. Ramírez‐Morillo, C. Hornung‐Leoni, Katya J. Romero‐Soler","doi":"10.17129/botsci.3172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17129/botsci.3172","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hechtia is known among Bromeliaceae by its unisexual, sexually dimorphic, mainly fragrant flowers and dioecy; delimitation of taxa particularly on those with lateral inflorescence, requires qualitative morphological evidence from both sexes, because dimensions of structures change during its growth. \u0000Hypotheses: Hechtia species are delimitated based on a combination of discrete morphological characters from both sexes, associated with narrow geographical distributions. If examination of populations of San Luis Potosí shows characters that place the taxon in the genus and distinguish it from other species in Hechtia, the taxon will be described as new. \u0000Taxon: Hechtioideae, Hechtia sp. nov. \u0000Study site and dates: Mexican State of San Luis Potosí and vicinities, 2015-2021. \u0000Methods: Live plants as well as herbarium material of the new taxon and the most morphological similar species, were analyzed, with examination of inflorescences and flowers of both sexes, fruits, and seeds. Geographical distribution was mapped and conservation status using IUCN criteria is reported for the new species. \u0000Results: Hechtia sanchezii has been confused with H. glomerata since both share lateral, glomerulate-like infructescences, but H. sanchezii shows red to ferruginous indumenta on floral bracts and sepals (vs. white), these red (vs. greenish or brownish), pink petals (vs. white), scentless (vs. fragrant) flowers, stamens with filaments of two lengths, three epipetalous, and three alternating with petals (vs. two lengths but all filaments epipetalous). \u0000Conclusions: Morphological and geographical evidence allow the recognition of H. sanchezii as a new species native from San Luis Potosí, Mexico.","PeriodicalId":54375,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46841355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Solange Sotuyo, Leticia Julio-Catarino, J. L. Contreras-Jiménez
Antecedentes: El Área de Protección de Flora y Fauna (APFF) Boquerón de Tonalá, posee características climáticas, geológicas y edáficas distintivas, albergando diversos tipos de vegetación. Las leguminosas de la región no han sido inventariadas a detalle en su conjunto. Preguntas: ¿Cuáles son las especies de leguminosas en el área Natural Protegida del Boquerón de Tonalá, Oaxaca? ¿Existen diferencias en la riqueza de especies por tipo de vegetación? Sitio y años de estudio: Área de Protección de Flora y Fauna (APFF) Boquerón de Tonalá, Oaxaca; junio de 2017 a junio de 2018. Métodos: Se eligieron ocho localidades y 14 sitios correspondientes a las comunidades vegetales dominantes que cubren toda el APFF Boquerón de Tonalá y el gradiente altitudinal. Se cubrieron 58 días de trabajo de campo. Los ejemplares colectados por subfamilia, género y especie fueron contabilizados. Resultados: Se recolectaron 177 ejemplares más sus duplicados, estos corresponden a 85 especies, de 38 géneros de la familia Leguminosae, incluidos en tres subfamilias y del clado Mimosoide que tratamos como separado. El mayor número de géneros y especies encontrados pertenecen a la subfamilia Papilionoideae. Los géneros con mayor número de especies fueron Brongniartia, Mimosa, Senna y Vachellia (antes parte de Acacia). La selva baja caducifolia fue el tipo de vegetación con mayor número de especies y géneros encontrados. Se encontró una especie nueva de Coulteria (subfamilia Caesalpinioideae) en encinares. Conclusiones: La diversidad florística de leguminosas del APFF Boquerón de Tonalá, muestra que deben reforzarse las estrategias de manejo y conservación en el área.
背景:boquon de tonala动植物保护区(APFF)具有独特的气候、地质和土壤特征，拥有不同类型的植被。整个地区的豆科植物还没有被详细地清点。问题:瓦哈卡州tonala的boquon自然保护区有哪些豆科植物?不同植被类型的物种丰富度是否存在差异?地点及研究年限:瓦哈卡州tonala的boqueron动植物保护区;2017年6月至2018年6月。方法:选择8个地点和14个地点，分别对应于tonala boquon APFF和海拔梯度的优势植物群落。本研究的目的是评估在墨西哥恰帕斯州阿雷基帕市进行的一项研究的结果。在本研究中，我们分析了该物种的分布情况。在本研究中，我们收集了豆科38属85种、3个亚科和Mimosoide分支的标本和副本。大多数属和种属于凤蝶亚科。物种数量最多的属为Brongniartia、Mimosa、Senna和Vachellia(以前是Acacia的一部分)。本研究的目的是确定热带雨林中发现的物种和属的数量。在encinares发现了一新种Coulteria (Caesalpinioideae亚科)。结果表明，在APFF boquon de tonala中，豆科植物的植物区系多样性需要加强管理和保护策略。
{"title":"Las leguminosas del Área Natural Protegida del Boquerón de Tonalá, Oaxaca, México","authors":"Solange Sotuyo, Leticia Julio-Catarino, J. L. Contreras-Jiménez","doi":"10.17129/botsci.3155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17129/botsci.3155","url":null,"abstract":"Antecedentes: El Área de Protección de Flora y Fauna (APFF) Boquerón de Tonalá, posee características climáticas, geológicas y edáficas distintivas, albergando diversos tipos de vegetación. Las leguminosas de la región no han sido inventariadas a detalle en su conjunto. \u0000Preguntas: ¿Cuáles son las especies de leguminosas en el área Natural Protegida del Boquerón de Tonalá, Oaxaca? ¿Existen diferencias en la riqueza de especies por tipo de vegetación? \u0000Sitio y años de estudio: Área de Protección de Flora y Fauna (APFF) Boquerón de Tonalá, Oaxaca; junio de 2017 a junio de 2018. \u0000Métodos: Se eligieron ocho localidades y 14 sitios correspondientes a las comunidades vegetales dominantes que cubren toda el APFF Boquerón de Tonalá y el gradiente altitudinal. Se cubrieron 58 días de trabajo de campo. Los ejemplares colectados por subfamilia, género y especie fueron contabilizados. \u0000Resultados: Se recolectaron 177 ejemplares más sus duplicados, estos corresponden a 85 especies, de 38 géneros de la familia Leguminosae, incluidos en tres subfamilias y del clado Mimosoide que tratamos como separado. El mayor número de géneros y especies encontrados pertenecen a la subfamilia Papilionoideae. Los géneros con mayor número de especies fueron Brongniartia, Mimosa, Senna y Vachellia (antes parte de Acacia). La selva baja caducifolia fue el tipo de vegetación con mayor número de especies y géneros encontrados. Se encontró una especie nueva de Coulteria (subfamilia Caesalpinioideae) en encinares. \u0000Conclusiones: La diversidad florística de leguminosas del APFF Boquerón de Tonalá, muestra que deben reforzarse las estrategias de manejo y conservación en el área.","PeriodicalId":54375,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48360838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Heteroflorum (Fabaceae) is a monospecific genus endemic to western Mexico. Community attributes of the forest where H. sclerocarpum is found are scarcely known, as well as its similarity with other tropical seasonal forests. Question: What is the composition, structure, and diversity of the tropical deciduous forest where H. sclerocarpum is physiognomically dominant? Study site and date: The study was carried out in the buffer area of the Zicuirán-Infiernillo Biosphere Reserve, in the Churumuco municipality of Michoacán, Mexico (2014). Methods: In three 0.1-ha sites, we sampled trees with a diameter at breast height ≥ 1 cm and lianas whose rooted stem had a diameter of ≥ 1 cm. We calculated the density, biomass, rank-abundance, rank-basal area curves, and alpha and beta diversity measures for each site. Results: We recorded 64 species from 21 families in 0.3 ha. Fabaceae had the highest number of genera, species, individuals, and biomass in all sites sampled. The sites varied in richness (33-41 species), density (176-247 individuals), basal area (2-2.9 m2), and maximum height of trees (12-16 m). Rank-abundance curves differed significantly. Rarefaction curves showed that 0Dα and 1Dα did not differ among sites, while 2Dα separated one of the sites, which also showed a different diversity profile. Beta diversity did not show a strong species turnover among sites (0Dβ, 1.38-1.45; 2Dβ, 1.35-1.56). Conclusions: The composition of trees and shrubs in the forest sampled was similar to other seasonal forests, while the density and diversity were among the lowest values.
{"title":"Plant community attributes of a tropical dry forest physiognomically dominated by Heteroflorum sclerocarpum (Fabaceae)","authors":"G. Ibarra‐Manríquez, Lina Adonay Urrea-Galeano, Jorge Cortés‐Flores, Karen Beatriz Hernández-Esquivel, Armando Navarrete-Segueda, Iván Leonardo Ek-Rodríguez","doi":"10.17129/botsci.3054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17129/botsci.3054","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Heteroflorum (Fabaceae) is a monospecific genus endemic to western Mexico. Community attributes of the forest where H. sclerocarpum is found are scarcely known, as well as its similarity with other tropical seasonal forests. \u0000Question: What is the composition, structure, and diversity of the tropical deciduous forest where H. sclerocarpum is physiognomically dominant? \u0000Study site and date: The study was carried out in the buffer area of the Zicuirán-Infiernillo Biosphere Reserve, in the Churumuco municipality of Michoacán, Mexico (2014). \u0000Methods: In three 0.1-ha sites, we sampled trees with a diameter at breast height ≥ 1 cm and lianas whose rooted stem had a diameter of ≥ 1 cm. We calculated the density, biomass, rank-abundance, rank-basal area curves, and alpha and beta diversity measures for each site. \u0000Results: We recorded 64 species from 21 families in 0.3 ha. Fabaceae had the highest number of genera, species, individuals, and biomass in all sites sampled. The sites varied in richness (33-41 species), density (176-247 individuals), basal area (2-2.9 m2), and maximum height of trees (12-16 m). Rank-abundance curves differed significantly. Rarefaction curves showed that 0Dα and 1Dα did not differ among sites, while 2Dα separated one of the sites, which also showed a different diversity profile. Beta diversity did not show a strong species turnover among sites (0Dβ, 1.38-1.45; 2Dβ, 1.35-1.56). \u0000Conclusions: The composition of trees and shrubs in the forest sampled was similar to other seasonal forests, while the density and diversity were among the lowest values.","PeriodicalId":54375,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44164497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. F. Pío-León, M. González-Elizondo, Rito Vega-Aviña, M. González-Elizondo, Jesús Guadalupe González-Gallegos, Bladimir Salomón-Montijo, Manuel Guillermo Millán-Otero, Carlos A. Lim-Vega
Antecedentes: Sinaloa es uno de los estados de México con mayor necesidad de estudios florísticos. Preguntas: ¿Cuáles son las plantas endémicas de Sinaloa? ¿cuáles son las regiones con mayor endemismo? ¿cuál es su importancia etnobotánica? ¿cuáles son las especies prioritarias para la conservación? Especies de estudio: Plantas vasculares endémicas. Sitio y años de estudio: Sinaloa, México; 2018-2021. Métodos: Revisión de bibliografía, colecciones de herbarios y bases de datos electrónicas; trabajo de campo en localidades tipo y de distribución potencial de las especies endémicas. Se diseñó y aplicó un Índice de Conservación Prioritaria con base en parámetros ecológicos y etnobotánicos. Resultados: Se registraron 77 especies endémicas estrictas a Sinaloa, incluidas en 30 familias y 61 géneros; 209 especies se comparten con uno o dos estados vecinos entre sí. Las sierras de Surutato, Concordia y Tacuichamona albergan la mayor cantidad de endemismo estricto. Más de la mitad de las especies se conocen solo de la localidad tipo y seis de ellas no han sido colectadas en más de 100 años. Se redescubrieron especies como Lopezia conjugens y Croton ortegae que no habían sido colectadas en más de 100 y 70 años, respectivamente. Ebenopsis caesalpinioides, Stenocereus martinezii y Aloysia nahuire fueron clasificadas como especies prioritarias por su alto valor biocultural. Conclusiones: Las plantas endémicas de Sinaloa tienen alta diversidad taxonómica y valor cultural. El presente trabajo identificó especies y sitios prioritarios de conservación, especies de importancia biocultural, las mayores necesidades de colecta y las especies potencialmente extintas.
{"title":"Las plantas vasculares endémicas del estado de Sinaloa, México","authors":"J. F. Pío-León, M. González-Elizondo, Rito Vega-Aviña, M. González-Elizondo, Jesús Guadalupe González-Gallegos, Bladimir Salomón-Montijo, Manuel Guillermo Millán-Otero, Carlos A. Lim-Vega","doi":"10.17129/botsci.3076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17129/botsci.3076","url":null,"abstract":"Antecedentes: Sinaloa es uno de los estados de México con mayor necesidad de estudios florísticos. \u0000Preguntas: ¿Cuáles son las plantas endémicas de Sinaloa? ¿cuáles son las regiones con mayor endemismo? ¿cuál es su importancia etnobotánica? ¿cuáles son las especies prioritarias para la conservación? \u0000Especies de estudio: Plantas vasculares endémicas. \u0000Sitio y años de estudio: Sinaloa, México; 2018-2021. \u0000Métodos: Revisión de bibliografía, colecciones de herbarios y bases de datos electrónicas; trabajo de campo en localidades tipo y de distribución potencial de las especies endémicas. Se diseñó y aplicó un Índice de Conservación Prioritaria con base en parámetros ecológicos y etnobotánicos. \u0000Resultados: Se registraron 77 especies endémicas estrictas a Sinaloa, incluidas en 30 familias y 61 géneros; 209 especies se comparten con uno o dos estados vecinos entre sí. Las sierras de Surutato, Concordia y Tacuichamona albergan la mayor cantidad de endemismo estricto. Más de la mitad de las especies se conocen solo de la localidad tipo y seis de ellas no han sido colectadas en más de 100 años. Se redescubrieron especies como Lopezia conjugens y Croton ortegae que no habían sido colectadas en más de 100 y 70 años, respectivamente. Ebenopsis caesalpinioides, Stenocereus martinezii y Aloysia nahuire fueron clasificadas como especies prioritarias por su alto valor biocultural. \u0000Conclusiones: Las plantas endémicas de Sinaloa tienen alta diversidad taxonómica y valor cultural. El presente trabajo identificó especies y sitios prioritarios de conservación, especies de importancia biocultural, las mayores necesidades de colecta y las especies potencialmente extintas.","PeriodicalId":54375,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45738580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hernán Villatoro-Moreno, Lislie Solís-Montero, R. González-Gómez, Susana Maza-Villalobos, Juan Cisneros-Hernández, A. Castillo-Vera
Background: There is no previous evidence in the literature that documents the presence of extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) or the exomorphology of domatia in Nephelium lappaceum (rambutan), a fruit tree native to Malaysia introduced in various American countries. Question: It is the presence of EFNs responsible for the frequent visit of ants to young leaves of Nephelium lappaceum ? Study site and dates: This study was conducted in a commercial rambutan orchard in the town of Francisco I. Madero, municipality of Frontera Hidalgo (Chiapas, Mexico) during the period September 2020-February 2021. Methods: External morphology of EFNs and domatia were studied using scanning electron microscopy. Nectar sugar concentration produced by EFNs was determined by refractometry. EFNs location on the plant and the frequency of visiting ants were quantified by visual counting. Results: A description of the external morphology of EFNs and domatia, as well as their location on rambutan leaflets are presented. A volume of 0.3 ± 0.2 µL/EFN of a nectar (9.3 ± 0.6 °Bx) was collected each day. Ten species of ants feeding on the nectar excreted by the EFNs were identified. Conclusion: Evidence of the presence of NEFs on rambutan leaflets is presented, which have an external morphology and location different from that observed in domatia, producing a sweet nectar used as food by a large community of ants.
{"title":"Extrafloral nectaries in Nephelium lappaceum (Sapindaceae)","authors":"Hernán Villatoro-Moreno, Lislie Solís-Montero, R. González-Gómez, Susana Maza-Villalobos, Juan Cisneros-Hernández, A. Castillo-Vera","doi":"10.17129/botsci.3108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17129/botsci.3108","url":null,"abstract":"Background: There is no previous evidence in the literature that documents the presence of extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) or the exomorphology of domatia in Nephelium lappaceum (rambutan), a fruit tree native to Malaysia introduced in various American countries. \u0000Question: It is the presence of EFNs responsible for the frequent visit of ants to young leaves of Nephelium lappaceum ? \u0000Study site and dates: This study was conducted in a commercial rambutan orchard in the town of Francisco I. Madero, municipality of Frontera Hidalgo (Chiapas, Mexico) during the period September 2020-February 2021. \u0000Methods: External morphology of EFNs and domatia were studied using scanning electron microscopy. Nectar sugar concentration produced by EFNs was determined by refractometry. EFNs location on the plant and the frequency of visiting ants were quantified by visual counting. \u0000Results: A description of the external morphology of EFNs and domatia, as well as their location on rambutan leaflets are presented. A volume of 0.3 ± 0.2 µL/EFN of a nectar (9.3 ± 0.6 °Bx) was collected each day. Ten species of ants feeding on the nectar excreted by the EFNs were identified. \u0000Conclusion: Evidence of the presence of NEFs on rambutan leaflets is presented, which have an external morphology and location different from that observed in domatia, producing a sweet nectar used as food by a large community of ants.","PeriodicalId":54375,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48630552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Vargas-Larreta, Mayra Amezcua Rojas, J. López-Martínez, Antonio Cueto-Wong, Francisco Cruz-Cobos, J. A. Nájera-Luna, Cristóbal Gerardo Aguirre-Calderón
Antecedentes: Los almacenes de carbono (C) de los bosques del mundo ascienden a 861 Pg; 44 % se encuentra en el suelo. A pesar de su importancia como reservorio, los estudios sobre carbono orgánico en el suelo (COS) en los bosques de México son escasos. Pregunta: ¿El carbono orgánico en el suelo varía entre tipos de vegetación y tipos de suelo en los bosques de Durango? Sitio de estudio: Bosques templados de Durango, México. Métodos: Los datos de COS se obtuvieron de 399 sitios permanentes. Se colectaron muestras de hojarasca, horizonte de fermentación y de las capas de suelo de 0-30 y 30-60 cm. Los contenidos de C se determinaron en un analizador elemental. El cálculo de las incertidumbres se realizó siguiendo los procedimientos usados por la Comisión Nacional Forestal. Resultados: El COS promedio estimado fue 8.48, 1.08, 110.62 y 53.44 Mg ha-1 en hojarasca, horizonte de fermentación, suelo de 0-30 y de 30-60 cm, respectivamente. Los almacenes promedio de C total en el suelo oscilaron desde 26.34 hasta 578.27 Mg ha-1 (incertidumbre: 6.31 %). La mayor variabilidad de los almacenes de COS se presentó en el bosque de pino. Conclusiones: El tipo de bosque no influye en los almacenes de carbono orgánico en el suelo, pero sí el tipo de suelo. Los reservorios de COS en los bosques Durango son más altos comparados con el mismo tipo de vegetación en otras regiones del país.
{"title":"Estimación de los almacenes de carbono orgánico en el suelo en tres tipos de bosque templado en Durango, México","authors":"B. Vargas-Larreta, Mayra Amezcua Rojas, J. López-Martínez, Antonio Cueto-Wong, Francisco Cruz-Cobos, J. A. Nájera-Luna, Cristóbal Gerardo Aguirre-Calderón","doi":"10.17129/botsci.3094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17129/botsci.3094","url":null,"abstract":"Antecedentes: Los almacenes de carbono (C) de los bosques del mundo ascienden a 861 Pg; 44 % se encuentra en el suelo. A pesar de su importancia como reservorio, los estudios sobre carbono orgánico en el suelo (COS) en los bosques de México son escasos. \u0000Pregunta: ¿El carbono orgánico en el suelo varía entre tipos de vegetación y tipos de suelo en los bosques de Durango? \u0000Sitio de estudio: Bosques templados de Durango, México. \u0000Métodos: Los datos de COS se obtuvieron de 399 sitios permanentes. Se colectaron muestras de hojarasca, horizonte de fermentación y de las capas de suelo de 0-30 y 30-60 cm. Los contenidos de C se determinaron en un analizador elemental. El cálculo de las incertidumbres se realizó siguiendo los procedimientos usados por la Comisión Nacional Forestal. \u0000Resultados: El COS promedio estimado fue 8.48, 1.08, 110.62 y 53.44 Mg ha-1 en hojarasca, horizonte de fermentación, suelo de 0-30 y de 30-60 cm, respectivamente. Los almacenes promedio de C total en el suelo oscilaron desde 26.34 hasta 578.27 Mg ha-1 (incertidumbre: 6.31 %). La mayor variabilidad de los almacenes de COS se presentó en el bosque de pino. \u0000Conclusiones: El tipo de bosque no influye en los almacenes de carbono orgánico en el suelo, pero sí el tipo de suelo. Los reservorios de COS en los bosques Durango son más altos comparados con el mismo tipo de vegetación en otras regiones del país.","PeriodicalId":54375,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49403242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yin Luo, Mei Sun, Yamin Gao, ShuPing Lang, Yue Wang
Background: Photosystem II (PSII) is susceptible to heat stress. Plants naturally accumulate trehalose to improve stress tolerance. However, the mechanism by which trehalose affects PSII during heat stress is still unknown. Questions: How does trehalose affect PSII during heat stress? Studied species: Triticum aestivum L. Study site and dates: Shanghai, China. 2019-2021. Methods: Trehalose -pretreated wheat seedlings suffered from heat stress and their photosynthetic parameters were measured. Results: Heat stress caused a reduction in the photochemical efficiency of PSII, the electron transfer rate (ETR(II)), the quantum yield of regulated energy dissipationY(NPQ) and the coefficient of photochemical quenching (qP), but increased the quantum yield of non-regulated energy dissipation of PSII (Y[NO]). The shape of the fast chlorophyll fluorescence induction kinetics (OJIP) curve in the heat-stressed wheat was altered and the primary photochemistry maximum yield of PSII (Fv/Fo) and the PSII performance indicator PIabs were reduced. Accordingly, the activities of PSII and electron transport chain, the amount of ordered α-helix structures and the content of D1 protein also decreased. However, in trehalose-pretreated wheat, D1 protein and protein secondary structures of PSII were both protected, the electron transport activities of PSII and the whole chain were improved and greater fluorescence parameters values were maintained. Lower Y(NO) and more stable OJIP were obtained. Conclusions: Exogenous trehalose acted a vital role in the protection of the function of PSII, resulting in higherphotosynthetic capacity under heat stress.
{"title":"Exogenous trehalose protects photosystem II in heat-stressed wheat","authors":"Yin Luo, Mei Sun, Yamin Gao, ShuPing Lang, Yue Wang","doi":"10.17129/botsci.3038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17129/botsci.3038","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Photosystem II (PSII) is susceptible to heat stress. Plants naturally accumulate trehalose to improve stress tolerance. However, the mechanism by which trehalose affects PSII during heat stress is still unknown. \u0000Questions: How does trehalose affect PSII during heat stress? \u0000Studied species: Triticum aestivum L. \u0000Study site and dates: Shanghai, China. 2019-2021. \u0000Methods: Trehalose -pretreated wheat seedlings suffered from heat stress and their photosynthetic parameters were measured. \u0000Results: Heat stress caused a reduction in the photochemical efficiency of PSII, the electron transfer rate (ETR(II)), the quantum yield of regulated energy dissipationY(NPQ) and the coefficient of photochemical quenching (qP), but increased the quantum yield of non-regulated energy dissipation of PSII (Y[NO]). The shape of the fast chlorophyll fluorescence induction kinetics (OJIP) curve in the heat-stressed wheat was altered and the primary photochemistry maximum yield of PSII (Fv/Fo) and the PSII performance indicator PIabs were reduced. Accordingly, the activities of PSII and electron transport chain, the amount of ordered α-helix structures and the content of D1 protein also decreased. However, in trehalose-pretreated wheat, D1 protein and protein secondary structures of PSII were both protected, the electron transport activities of PSII and the whole chain were improved and greater fluorescence parameters values were maintained. Lower Y(NO) and more stable OJIP were obtained. \u0000Conclusions: Exogenous trehalose acted a vital role in the protection of the function of PSII, resulting in higherphotosynthetic capacity under heat stress.","PeriodicalId":54375,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45567617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Masuly Guadalupe Vega-Puga, J. R. Romo-Leon, Alejandro E. Castellanos, Reyna A. Castillo-Gámez, Jaime Garatuza-Payán, G. Ángeles-Pérez
Antecedentes: La alteración del reservorio de carbono, tiene implicación en la modificación a los ciclos biogeoquímicos.El cambio de uso y cobertura de suelo (CUCS) es uno de los principales precursores de estas alteraciones. Como consecuencia de las actividades primarias que ocurren en zonas áridas, los reservorios de carbono son continuamente modificados. La poca información y heterogeneidad de estas zonas incrementan la incertidumbre sobre los efectos en la dinámica del carbono por CUCS. El desarrollo de nuevas metodologías, como la incorporación del análisis de imágenes aéreas RGB (rojo/verde/azul) de alta-resolución, permitirá monitorear extensiva y continuamente el carbono en zonas áridas. Preguntas: ¿Es posible estimar almacén de carbono aéreo utilizando imágenes RGB obtenidas mediante vehículos aéreos no tripulados? Sitio y años de estudio: Comunidades de matorral subtropical y pradera de buffel localizadas en la región central de Sonora, México. Agosto-octubre, 2019 y 2020. Métodos: a) Se realizaron censos de vegetación leñosa in situ, para estimar almacén de carbono en biomasa aérea (ACBA) con ecuaciones alométricas (método directo), b) Se calculó ACBA, utilizando ecuaciones alometricas y métricas de vegetación obtenidas de imágenes RGB (método indirecto). Resultados: La introducción de buffel implica la reducción de individuos leñosos, y disminución del ACBA. En total, el matorral contiene 10.35 Mg C/ha, y la pradera 3.20 Mg C/ha. Se encontró correlación y significancia entre método directo e indirecto. Conclusiones: Establecer buffel, reduce el ACBA hasta un 70 %. El uso de imágenes RGB permitió estimar ACBA en zonas áridas/semiáridas.
{"title":"Uso de imágenes aéreas de alta resolución para la detección de cambios en el almacén de carbono en biomasa aérea en comunidades semiáridas, tras la introducción de la especie exótica Cenchrus ciliaris","authors":"Masuly Guadalupe Vega-Puga, J. R. Romo-Leon, Alejandro E. Castellanos, Reyna A. Castillo-Gámez, Jaime Garatuza-Payán, G. Ángeles-Pérez","doi":"10.17129/botsci.3026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17129/botsci.3026","url":null,"abstract":"Antecedentes: La alteración del reservorio de carbono, tiene implicación en la modificación a los ciclos biogeoquímicos.El cambio de uso y cobertura de suelo (CUCS) es uno de los principales precursores de estas alteraciones. Como consecuencia de las actividades primarias que ocurren en zonas áridas, los reservorios de carbono son continuamente modificados. La poca información y heterogeneidad de estas zonas incrementan la incertidumbre sobre los efectos en la dinámica del carbono por CUCS. El desarrollo de nuevas metodologías, como la incorporación del análisis de imágenes aéreas RGB (rojo/verde/azul) de alta-resolución, permitirá monitorear extensiva y continuamente el carbono en zonas áridas. \u0000Preguntas: ¿Es posible estimar almacén de carbono aéreo utilizando imágenes RGB obtenidas mediante vehículos aéreos no tripulados? \u0000Sitio y años de estudio: Comunidades de matorral subtropical y pradera de buffel localizadas en la región central de Sonora, México. Agosto-octubre, 2019 y 2020. \u0000Métodos: a) Se realizaron censos de vegetación leñosa in situ, para estimar almacén de carbono en biomasa aérea (ACBA) con ecuaciones alométricas (método directo), b) Se calculó ACBA, utilizando ecuaciones alometricas y métricas de vegetación obtenidas de imágenes RGB (método indirecto). \u0000Resultados: La introducción de buffel implica la reducción de individuos leñosos, y disminución del ACBA. En total, el matorral contiene 10.35 Mg C/ha, y la pradera 3.20 Mg C/ha. Se encontró correlación y significancia entre método directo e indirecto. \u0000Conclusiones: Establecer buffel, reduce el ACBA hasta un 70 %. El uso de imágenes RGB permitió estimar ACBA en zonas áridas/semiáridas.","PeriodicalId":54375,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48310285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Méndez-Alonzo, M. Olson, H. Paz, Casandra Reyes-García, Celene Espadas-Manrique, C. Tinoco-Ojanguren, S. Trueba
Given the outstanding global progress of research on the hydraulic pathway in plants, and its important role as an indicator of plant mortality risk, we reviewed: (1) the adaptive basis of hydraulic traits and their importance for overall plant function; (2) the number of primary scientific articles on plant hydraulics that have been produced in Mexico in the last 40 years, (3) research related to specific environments in Mexico, and (4) the possible applications of plant hydraulics to natural resource management. Our systematic review included 83 articles. The number of publications per year steadily increased over time, reaching its maximum in 2021. Veracruz and Yucatán are the states where the majority of scientific articles on plant hydraulics have been produced, but for most states less than two publications on this subject appeared in ca. 40 years, and none was found for Oaxaca and Chiapas, the most biodiverse states. In plant hydraulics, the most studied biome in Mexico was the tropical dry forest, followed by crops; trees were the most studied growth-form, followed by herbaceous crops and epiphytes. We point to the need of enhancing research in the interface between plant hydraulic function and remote sensing, as well as developing applications in adaptive forest management and ecological restoration. We hope that this review may ignite a national collaborative effort to quantify critical traits that could inform the hydraulic functioning of Mexican ecosystems, particularly in the underrepresented and highly diverse states of Mexico.
{"title":"Studies of plant hydraulics and water relations in Mexican environments: adaptation, physiology, and applications","authors":"R. Méndez-Alonzo, M. Olson, H. Paz, Casandra Reyes-García, Celene Espadas-Manrique, C. Tinoco-Ojanguren, S. Trueba","doi":"10.17129/botsci.3162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17129/botsci.3162","url":null,"abstract":"Given the outstanding global progress of research on the hydraulic pathway in plants, and its important role as an indicator of plant mortality risk, we reviewed: (1) the adaptive basis of hydraulic traits and their importance for overall plant function; (2) the number of primary scientific articles on plant hydraulics that have been produced in Mexico in the last 40 years, (3) research related to specific environments in Mexico, and (4) the possible applications of plant hydraulics to natural resource management. Our systematic review included 83 articles. The number of publications per year steadily increased over time, reaching its maximum in 2021. Veracruz and Yucatán are the states where the majority of scientific articles on plant hydraulics have been produced, but for most states less than two publications on this subject appeared in ca. 40 years, and none was found for Oaxaca and Chiapas, the most biodiverse states. In plant hydraulics, the most studied biome in Mexico was the tropical dry forest, followed by crops; trees were the most studied growth-form, followed by herbaceous crops and epiphytes. We point to the need of enhancing research in the interface between plant hydraulic function and remote sensing, as well as developing applications in adaptive forest management and ecological restoration. We hope that this review may ignite a national collaborative effort to quantify critical traits that could inform the hydraulic functioning of Mexican ecosystems, particularly in the underrepresented and highly diverse states of Mexico.","PeriodicalId":54375,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41821682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This work examines the development of ethnobotany, focusing on Mexico in this millennium. How has the discipline grown? What is the relative importance of Spanish? Are there inflection points? How did some select areas develop, and why? Numerical growth was analyzed mainly through Google Scholar queries. Other subjects were treated based on literature and experience of the authors. Spanish continues to be relevant, especially in Mexico. The discipline gained momentum from 2000 onwards because of the social context of the 1990s, the publication of several foundational works, methodological advances, and particularities of Mexican science. The trajectory of ethnobotany is congruent with a model derived from Kuhn’s proposal of cyclical advancement of science: an initial defining stage was followed by a first synthesis, then fast growth of descriptive studies, with a notable recent turn to theory and framework construction. The causes for advances are discussed for three areas (medicinal plants, agriculture, and wild-growing resources). General interest, financing, the consolidation of research groups and the internal organization of institutions have played a role. We highlight important open questions. Ethnobotany is maturing from a descriptive to an analytical stage. However, careful descriptive studies continue to be valuable because the sources of information are in decline, and theory needs an empirical basis. Also, ethnobotany encourages the transmission of knowledge and biocultural memory. It is a key element for integrated sustainability science.
{"title":"Roads traveled and roads ahead: the consolidation of Mexican ethnobotany in the new millennium. An essay","authors":"H. Vibrans, A. Casas","doi":"10.17129/botsci.3190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17129/botsci.3190","url":null,"abstract":"This work examines the development of ethnobotany, focusing on Mexico in this millennium. How has the discipline grown? What is the relative importance of Spanish? Are there inflection points? How did some select areas develop, and why? Numerical growth was analyzed mainly through Google Scholar queries. Other subjects were treated based on literature and experience of the authors. Spanish continues to be relevant, especially in Mexico. The discipline gained momentum from 2000 onwards because of the social context of the 1990s, the publication of several foundational works, methodological advances, and particularities of Mexican science. The trajectory of ethnobotany is congruent with a model derived from Kuhn’s proposal of cyclical advancement of science: an initial defining stage was followed by a first synthesis, then fast growth of descriptive studies, with a notable recent turn to theory and framework construction. The causes for advances are discussed for three areas (medicinal plants, agriculture, and wild-growing resources). General interest, financing, the consolidation of research groups and the internal organization of institutions have played a role. We highlight important open questions. Ethnobotany is maturing from a descriptive to an analytical stage. However, careful descriptive studies continue to be valuable because the sources of information are in decline, and theory needs an empirical basis. Also, ethnobotany encourages the transmission of knowledge and biocultural memory. It is a key element for integrated sustainability science.","PeriodicalId":54375,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41960262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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