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A new tropical species of Aphyllon (Orobanchaceae: Orobancheae) from Chiapas, Mexico 文章标题墨西哥恰帕斯地区一新种(桔梗科:桔梗科)
IF 1.4 4区 生物学 Q3 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-08-15 DOI: 10.17129/botsci.3293
Antonio Francisco‐Gutiérrez, L. O. Alvarado-Cárdenas
Background: Aphyllon is a genus of 25 root-holoparasitic species restricted to the Americas. It has a disjunct distribution, with 21 species distributed in North America and four in South America. Aphyllon is divided into two sections: Aphyllonand Nothaphyllon. All species of the genus  have host-specificity, make it a study model in the evolution of holoparasitic plants. Recently, observations of a putative new species of Aphyllon were detected on iNaturalist. Questions: Are the alluded  iNaturalist observations of Aphyllon supported as a new species? What characters distinguish this taxon from the other species of Aphyllon? Studied species: Taxa of Aphyllon section Nothaphyllon. Study site and dates: Mexico; 2020–2023. Methods: Specimens were collected, dissected, measured, photographed and preserved. Herbarium specimens and literature on Aphyllon were reviewed. Comparisons of the taxon with species of section Nothaphyllon’s were performed. Results: A new species of the holoparasitic Aphyllon (Orobanchaceae) is described and illustrated. It is the second species of tropical  humid vegetation in Mexico, an atypical environment for most of the genus, and it is the only species of the section with racemes with narrowed to nearly closed corolla mouths, and straight, non-revolute lobes of the lower lip. Conclusions: The records in the citizen science platform have been useful to illustrate the morphology and color of the organisms, as well as to propose new species of Aphyllon. The photographs provide information not found in herbarium specimens due to oxidation and discoloration that occurs when drying Orobanchaceae plants.
背景:葡萄树属是一个有25种全根寄生物种的属,局限于美洲。它有一个不相交的分布,21种分布在北美,4种分布在南美。葡萄树分为两个部分:葡萄树和无葡萄树。该属的所有种都具有寄主特异性,使其成为全寄生植物进化的研究模式。最近,在《自然主义者》杂志上发现了一种疑似新种。问题:所提到的自然学家对阿夫龙的观察是否支持它是一个新种?这个分类群与其他品种有什么区别?研究种:葡萄科分类群。研究地点和日期:墨西哥;2020 - 2023。方法:标本采集、解剖、测量、拍照保存。对植物标本馆标本和文献进行了综述。对Nothaphyllon’s剖面的分类群与种进行了比较。结果:描述并说明了一新种全寄生葡萄球菌(Orobanchaceae)。它是墨西哥热带湿润植被的第二种,对大多数属来说是一个非典型的环境,它是该节中唯一具有总状花序狭窄到几乎闭合的花冠口和下唇直的,不旋转的裂片的种。结论:市民科学平台上的记录有助于阐明该生物的形态和颜色,并有助于提出该生物的新种。这些照片提供了在植物标本馆标本中找不到的信息,因为在干燥Orobanchaceae植物时发生氧化和变色。
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引用次数: 0
Crecimiento y asignación de biomasa de ocho especies de Mimosa (Leguminosae) y su relación con la nodulación y micorrización arbuscular 8种含羞草(豆科)的生长和生物量分配及其与结瘤和丛枝菌根化的关系
IF 1.4 4区 生物学 Q3 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-08-09 DOI: 10.17129/botsci.3295
Susana A. Montaño-Arias, Noé Manuel Montaño, Sara Lucía Camargo-Ricalde, Rosaura Grether, Genaro Montaño-Arias, Eduardo Chimal-Sánchez
Antecedentes: En plantas, las compensaciones morfo-fisiológicas, así como las asociaciones microbianas, regulan el uso de recursos limitantes y el ensamblaje de las comunidades vegetales. Pregunta: ¿Qué relación tienen la micorrización arbuscular y nodulación bacteriana en el crecimiento y asignación de biomasa de ocho especies de Mimosa? Especies de estudio: Mimosa adenantheroides, M. biuncifera, M. calcicola, M. lacerata, M. luisana, M. polyantha, M. purpusii y M. texana var. filipes. Sitio de estudio y fechas: Valle de Tehuacán-Cuicatlán, Puebla-Oaxaca, México, 2013 y 2014. Método: Las plantas crecieron en dos tratamientos: i) Con inóculo de hongos micorrizógenos arbusculares (HMA) y bacterias fijadoras de N2 (BFN) de islas de recursos (IR) de Mimosa y ii) sin inóculo, con nueve réplicas por especie/tratamiento. Se evaluó el crecimiento de las plantas, la micorrización arbuscular y la nodulación en las raíces. Resultados: Las especies de Mimosa, creciendo sin inóculo, variaron en crecimiento y asignación de biomasa con valores inferiores al tratamiento con inóculo, y se agruparon en tres diseños morfológicos: i) M. calcicola y M. lacerata; ii) M. adenantheroides, M. luisana y M. polyantha; y iii) M. biuncifera, M. purpusii y M. texana var. filipes. Asimismo, las ocho especies conformaron un cuarto diseño cuando crecieron con inóculo que favoreció su crecimiento y modificó sus patrones de asignación de biomasa. Conclusiones: Los resultados contribuyen a delinear posibles grupos funcionales en Mimosa, pero se requiere la evaluación de otros rasgos funcionales para seleccionar especies con potencial en la restauración ambiental y comprender el ensamblaje de las comunidades vegetales.
背景:在植物中,形态-生理补偿和微生物组合调节有限资源的使用和植物群落的聚集。问:丛枝菌根和细菌结瘤对8种含羞草的生长和生物量分配有什么关系?研究种:Mimosa adenantheroides, M. biuncifera, M. calcicola, M. lacerata, M. luisana, M. polyantha, M. purpusii和M. texana var. filipes。研究地点和日期:Valle de tehuacan - cuicatlan, Puebla-Oaxaca, mexico, 2013年和2014年。方法:1)接种含羞草资源岛(IR)的丛枝菌根真菌(HMA)和N2固定细菌(BFN); 2)不接种,每个种/处理9个重复。在本研究中,我们评估了在墨西哥和美国进行的两项试验的结果。结果:含羞草种在不接种的情况下生长,其生长和生物量分配均低于接种处理,并分为3种形态设计:1)钙质含羞草和lacerata含羞草;adenantheroides, M. luisana和M. polyantha;(iii) M. biuncifera, M. purpusii和M. texana var. filipes。8个物种在接种有利于其生长和改变生物量分配模式时形成了第4个设计。研究结果表明,含羞草的功能群与含羞草不同,含羞草的功能群与含羞草不同,含羞草的功能群与含羞草的功能群不同,含羞草的功能群与含羞草的功能群不同。
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引用次数: 0
Estructura poblacional y rasgos demográficos de Abies religiosa (Kunth) Schltdl. & Cham. en el Monte Tláloc, Parque Nacional Iztaccíhuatl Popocatépetl, México 宗教冷杉(Kunth) Schltdl的人口结构和人口特征。&湛。在墨西哥iztaccihuatl popocatepetl国家公园的tlaloc山
IF 1.4 4区 生物学 Q3 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-08-09 DOI: 10.17129/botsci.3323
Gabriel Arroyo-Cosultchi, Lauro López-Mata, Ángel Rivera-Rios
Antecedentes: Asumiendo que las estructuras poblacionales de Abies religiosa reflejan patrones de uso, aprovechamiento, extracción y manejo, se analizó su estructura y algunos parámetros demográficos, en poblaciones sujetas a perturbaciones antropogénicas. Hipótesis y/o preguntas: ¿Cuál es el efecto de la extracción selectiva de árboles sobre la estructura poblacional y la regeneración natural de A. religiosa? Especie estudiada: Abies religiosa (Kunth) Schltdl. & Cham. Sitios y fechas de estudio: Monte Tláloc, Parque Nacional Iztaccíhuatl-Popocatépetl, años 2020-2022 Métodos: En tres niveles altitudinales, se seleccionaron tres parcelas de 50 × 50 m, por nivel y se midieron todos los árboles con diámetro a la altura del pecho (DAP) ≥ 1 cm. Se registraron los árboles reproductivos, dañados, muertos y el diámetro de tocones. Resultados: El patrón estructural del bosque y por nivel altitudinal, reveló una forma de J-invertida, la cual sugiere que la mortalidad por categoría de DAP se compensa con el reclutamiento de la clase diamétrica anterior. En general, los árboles se reproducen a partir de los 29 cm de DAP y tienden a producir un número de semillas viables creciente con incrementos en su DAP. Sin embargo, en los niveles superior e inferior alcanza un máximo en árboles con DAP entre 60 y 70 cm, y en el intermedio con DAP ≥ 90 cm. Conclusiones: Las extracciones selectivas de árboles no parecen representar un riesgo para la viabilidad poblacional, sino que al generar claros de luz pequeños (≤ 100 m2) tienden a promover la regeneración natural de A. religiosa.
背景:假设宗教冷杉的种群结构反映了使用、利用、提取和管理的模式,分析了受人为干扰的种群的结构和一些人口参数。假设和/或问题:选择性采伐树木对A.宗教的种群结构和自然再生有什么影响?研究物种:宗教冷杉(昆特)Schltdl.&查姆。研究地点和日期:特拉洛克山,Iztaccihuatl-Popocateptel国家公园,2020-2022年方法:在三个海拔高度,选择每层50×50米的三块土地,测量所有胸径≥1厘米的树木。记录繁殖、受损、死亡和树桩直径。结果:森林的结构模式和海拔高度显示出一种J-倒置的形式,这表明DAP类别的死亡率被前一直径类别的招募所抵消。一般来说,树木从29厘米的胸径开始繁殖,往往会产生大量的活种子,随着胸径的增加而增加。然而,在较高和较低的水平上,DAP在60至70厘米之间的树木中达到最大值,在DAP≥90厘米的树木中达到最大值。结论:选择性采伐树木似乎不会对种群的生存能力构成风险,而是通过产生小光线(≤100平方米)来促进A的自然再生。宗教。
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引用次数: 0
Principios de desarrollo de Índices de Ancestralidad para taxones biológicos 生物分类学祖先指数的早期发展
IF 1.4 4区 生物学 Q3 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-08-06 DOI: 10.17129/botsci.3266
Elián M. Espósito Sandoval
Antecedentes. Históricamente en biología ha habido discrepancias a la hora de considerar a ciertos taxones dentro de las categorías “nativo” o “exótico” en determinadas áreas geográficas. Preguntas y/o hipótesis. ¿Tienen los taxones cualidades inherentes que permitan establecer formalismos concordantes con un principio de prioridad como criterio para resolver los problemas derivados de la categorización “nativo-exótico”? Sitio y años de estudio: Tres áreas asociadas geográficamente pero con características discordantes fueron seleccionadas. Este trabajo se realizó entre 2017 y 2022. Métodos: Se proponen dos tipos de índices complementarios. El “Índice de Ancestralidad Binario”, que parte de la distinción clásica de especie “nativa-exótica” y se codifica en forma binaria. El “Índice de Ancestralidad Escalar”, que se basa en el desarrollo de dos criterios: uno espacial (“distancia al área de origen”) y otro temporal (“tiempo de permanencia”). Resultados: Se obtuvieron tablas con los índices mencionados para las especies y áreas elegidas. Conclusiones: Estos índices resultarán útiles, por ejemplo, cuando sea necesario tomar decisiones que puedan afectar negativamente a los ecosistemas, considerando la historia e identidad del sitio. Los índices también serían fundamentales como estímulo a investigaciones de temáticas asociadas y para componerlo que se propone como estratigrafía ecológicade un área.
背景。从历史上看,在生物学中,在某些地理区域将某些分类群视为“本地”或“外来”类别时存在差异。问题和/或假设。分类单元是否具有固有的性质,可以建立符合优先原则的形式,作为解决“本地-外来”分类问题的标准?地点和研究年限:选择了三个地理相关但特征不一致的地区。这项工作是在2017年至2022年期间进行的。方法:提出两种补充指标。“二元祖先指数”,从“本地-外来”物种的经典区分开始,以二元形式编码。“标量祖先指数”是基于两个标准的发展:一个是空间标准(“距离原产地的距离”),另一个是时间标准(“停留时间”)。结果:获得了所选物种和地区的上述指数表。结论:这些指数将是有用的,例如,考虑到该遗址的历史和特性,有必要做出可能对生态系统产生负面影响的决定。这些指数还将是促进相关主题研究和将其作为一个地区的生态地层学组成的关键。
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引用次数: 0
Selectivity of the bioherbicidal potential of Artemisia arborescens L. among model and agronomic crops and implications for pre- and post-emergence applications 青蒿在模式作物和农艺作物间生物除草潜力的选择性及其对苗期前后应用的影响
IF 1.4 4区 生物学 Q3 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-07-31 DOI: 10.17129/botsci.3302
Oumayma Ilehi, H. Chograni, Fedoua Ben Rejeb, L. Riahi
Background: The efficacy and selectivity of phytochemicals are required for the development of new botanical bioherbicides for both pre- and post-emergence applications. Questions: How vary the phytotoxic potential of the aqueous extracts of Artemisia arborescens among five plant species? Studied species: Lactuca sativa used as a model species, two monocotyledons (Triticum turgidum, Zea mays) and two dicotyledons (Raphanus sativus, Pisum sativum). Study site and dates: Two Artemisia arborescens genotypes were collected at Bousselem and Kef, North West of Tunisia; March 2021. Results: The aqueous extracts are rich in polyphenols, flavonoids, condensed tannins and terpenoids. The highest in vitroinhibitory potential on germination and seedlings growth was detected against Lactuca sativa. The concentration 8 mg/mL causes total inhibition of lettuce germination and has no significant effect on pea germination. At this concentration, the extracts inhibited the germination of the agronomic crops by 46-58 % (Raphanus sativus), 74 % (Zea mays) and 72-78 % (Triticum turgidum). The inhibition rates of radicles and shoots growth vary according to the applied concentration. The in vivo tests showed higher phytotoxic activity against Lactuca sativa and both monocotyledons. This was confirmed by the variation of the symptomatic and biochemical traits. Conclusions: The obtained results confirm the selective bioherbicidal activity of A. arborescens water extracts which promote its potential as natural resource for the development of new botanical bioherbicides.
背景:开发用于出苗前和出苗后应用的新型植物生物除草剂需要植物化学物质的功效和选择性。问题:在五种植物中,树蒿水提取物的植物毒性潜力如何变化?研究物种:作为模式物种的莴苣,两个单子叶植物(小麦、玉米)和两个双子叶植物(萝卜、豌豆)。研究地点和日期:在突尼斯西北部的Bousselem和Kef采集了两种树生蒿基因型;2021年3月。结果:水提物富含多酚、黄酮类化合物、缩合单宁和萜类化合物。对莴苣的发芽和幼苗生长的体外抑制潜力最高。8mg/mL的浓度对生菜的发芽具有完全抑制作用,对豌豆的发芽没有显著影响。在该浓度下,提取物对农艺作物的发芽抑制率分别为46-58%(萝卜)、74%(玉米)和72-78%(小麦)。根和芽生长的抑制率随施用浓度的不同而不同。体内试验表明,对莴苣和两种单子叶植物都具有较高的植物毒性。症状和生化特征的变化证实了这一点。结论:所获得的结果证实了树生A.arborescens水提取物的选择性生物除草活性,这促进了其作为开发新型植物生物除草剂的天然资源的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
The vascular plant species endemic or nearly endemic to Puebla, Mexico 维管植物是墨西哥普埃布拉的特有种或几乎特有种
IF 1.4 4区 生物学 Q3 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-07-27 DOI: 10.17129/botsci.3299
J. Villaseñor, E. Ortiz, M. Hernández-Flores
Background: Knowledge of endemism in a region (natural or political) is fundamental to determining natural biogeographic regions and establishing conservation priorities. Questions: How many vascular plant species are endemic to the state of Puebla? What is the geographic distribution of endemism in the state? Are there centers of phylogenetic endemism? Studied species: 356 species of vascular plants. Study site: State of Puebla, Mexico. Methods: Based on the literature review and botanical specimens in digitized databases, the vascular plant species endemic or nearly endemic to the state of Puebla, Mexico, was assessed. Using a grid cell 1° × 1° latitude and longitude size, the incidence of each species was assessed. With the above information and a phylogeny of the species, a spatial phylogenetic analysis was carried out to detect centers of phylogenetic endemism. Results: 82.6 % of the 356 endemic species to Puebla are distributed in only one to three grid cells. The spatial phylogenetic analysis revealed centers of high phylogenetic diversity and endemism as well as delineated centers of mixed and paleo-endemism. Conclusions: The state of Puebla contains areas that meet the criteria to be considered centers of species endemism. Strategies toward a better understanding of plant endemism, as here proposed, suggest a better comprehension of the chorology of Mexican endemism, and assess the true role of our natural protected areas in conserving endemic species.
背景:了解一个地区(自然或政治)的地方性是确定自然生物地理区域和确定保护重点的基础。问题:有多少维管植物物种是普埃布拉州特有的?该州特有的地理分布是怎样的?有系统发育的地方性中心吗?研究种类:维管植物356种。研究地点:墨西哥普埃布拉州。方法:利用文献资料和数字化数据库中的植物标本,对墨西哥普埃布拉州特有或接近特有的维管植物种类进行评估。采用1°× 1°纬度和经度大小的网格单元,评估各物种的发病率。利用上述信息和物种的系统发育,进行空间系统发育分析,寻找系统发育特有的中心。结果:356种普埃布拉特有种中82.6%仅分布在1 ~ 3个网格细胞内。空间系统发育分析显示了高系统发育多样性和地方性中心,并划定了混合和古地方性中心。结论:普埃布拉州包含符合物种特有种中心标准的地区。本文提出了更好地了解植物特有的策略,建议更好地理解墨西哥特有的历史,并评估我们的自然保护区在保护特有物种方面的真正作用。
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引用次数: 0
Diversification within Lycianthes moziniana (Capsiceae, Solanaceae) 马钱子兰(辣椒科、茄科)的多样性
IF 1.4 4区 生物学 Q3 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-07-25 DOI: 10.17129/botsci.3301
M. Anguiano-Constante, E. Dean, Guadalupe Munguía-Lino, Daniel Sánchez-Carbajal, E. Ruíz-Sánchez, Aarón Rodríguez
Background: Lycianthes moziniana (Capsiceae, Solanaceae) is an endemic and widespread species in Mexico. Morphological and molecular evidence suggested three varieties (L. moziniana var. margaretiana, L. moziniana var. moziniana and L. moziniana var. oaxacana). Hypotheses: Lycianthes moziniana is integrated by differentiated lineages corresponding to the three varieties identified. Studied species: Lycianthes moziniana (Dunal) Bitter. Study sites and dates: Mexico from 2017 to 2021. Methods: We measured 11 morphological characters based on 207 herbarium specimens. Discriminant Canonical Analysis (DCA), Mahalanobis Square Distance (MD) and Canonical Classificatory Analysis (CCA) were used to uncover the differences among varieties. For geographic and climatic preferences and divergence, we used 288 records and four climatic layers. Results: Two canonical functions explained 100 % of the morphological variation and seven characters had the highest discriminatory power. In addition, MD was statistically significant. Meanwhile, the CCA recovered three groups at 77 %. The morphological evidence demonstrated the distinctiveness of L. moziniana var. moziniana. In contrast, L. moziniana var. margaretiana and L. moziniana var. oaxacana were morphologically similar. The identity test showed significant differences among Ecological Niche Models (ENMs). The evidence indicates geographic and climatic isolation among the varieties. Lycianthes moziniana var. moziniana is widespread and has intermediate overlap with the other two varieties. Lycianthes moziniana var. margaretiana and L. moziniana var. oaxacana were isolated in different biogeographical provinces and showed the lowest overlap. Conclusions: Morphological and geographic data indicates incipient speciation is occurring.
背景:马钱子兰(辣椒科,茄科)是墨西哥的特有种,分布广泛。形态和分子证据表明,有三个变种(马苏变种、马苏变种和瓦哈卡变种)。假设:马钱子兰是由与所鉴定的三个品种相对应的分化谱系整合而成的。研究物种:石竹(Dunal)Bitter。研究地点和日期:2017年至2021年,墨西哥。方法:对207份植物标本进行11个形态特征的测定。利用判别标准分析(DCA)、马氏平方距离(MD)和标准分类分析(CCA)揭示了品种间的差异。对于地理和气候偏好和差异,我们使用了288个记录和四个气候层。结果:两个典型函数对形态变异的解释率为100%,7个性状的判别力最高。此外,MD具有统计学意义。同时,CCA恢复了三组的77%。形态学证据证明了马苏的独特性。与此相反,马加里蒂安娜和瓦哈卡那马加里蒂娜形态相似。同一性检验显示生态位模型之间存在显著差异。证据表明,这些品种在地理和气候上是孤立的。马钱子兰品种分布广泛,和其他两个品种有中间重叠。马加里蒂亚猪笼草和瓦哈卡猪笼草在不同的生物地理省份分离,重叠程度最低。结论:形态学和地理数据表明正在发生早期物种形成。
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引用次数: 0
Riqueza y distribución de licopodios y helechos del Parque Nacional El Chico, estado de Hidalgo, México 墨西哥伊达尔戈州El Chico国家公园石松和蕨类植物的财富和分布
IF 1.4 4区 生物学 Q3 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-07-18 DOI: 10.17129/botsci.3306
Héctor Serrano-Martínez, Adriana Beatriz Ortiz-Quijano, J. D. Tejero-Díez, A. Sánchez-González
Antecedentes: El Parque Nacional El Chico (PNC), una de las primeras áreas naturales protegidas (ANP) en México, es relevante por los servicios ambientales y biodiversidad que alberga, por lo que es necesario conocer su flora. Preguntas: ¿Cuál es la riqueza y distribución de licopodios y helechos en los diferentes tipos de vegetación del PNC? ¿Cómo es la diversidad beta, en ambos grupos de plantas en el PNC, con respecto a otras ANP del estado de Hidalgo? Especies de estudio: Helechos y licopodios Sitio y años de estudio: Parque Nacional El Chico, 2008-2009, 2022 Métodos: Se recolectaron ejemplares en 18 localidades y siete tipos de vegetación y se determinaron a nivel de especie. Se estimó diversidad taxonómica, semejanza en composición de especies, diversidad beta y complementariedad, con técnicas estándar. Resultados: Se recolectaron 205 ejemplares que representan 63 especies de helechos y cinco de licopodios. Las familias representativas fueron Aspleniaceae, Dryopteridaceae, Polypodiaceae, Pteridaceae y Selaginellaceae (> 5 especies cada una). La riqueza fue alta en los bosques de Abies-Quercus, galería, Quercus y Abies (> 22 especies en cada uno). El número de especies por unidad de área fue elevado, comparado con otras ANP y regiones aledañas; la complementariedad fue alta con respecto a las dos ANP de mayor extensión territorial en Hidalgo. Conclusiones: El PNC alberga 60.2 % de las especies de licopodios y helechos de la cuenca de México, y presenta alta diversidad taxonómica y complementariedad, comparado con otras ANPs de la entidad, lo cual resalta su importancia como reservorio de biodiversidad.
背景:El Chico国家公园(PNC)是墨西哥最早的自然保护区之一,它与环境服务和生物多样性有关,所以有必要了解它的植物群。我们的研究结果表明,在PNC的不同植被类型中,石松和蕨类植物的丰富度和分布情况如何?与伊达尔戈州的其他ANP相比,PNC的两组植物的beta多样性如何?研究物种:蕨类植物和石松植物研究地点和年份:El Chico国家公园,2008-2009,2022方法:在18个地点和7种植被类型采集标本,并在物种水平上确定。本研究的目的是评估墨西哥恰帕斯州和恰帕斯州的物种多样性,并确定墨西哥恰帕斯州、恰帕斯州和恰帕斯州的物种多样性。目的:通过对该地区蕨类植物和石松科植物的研究,确定该地区蕨类植物和石松科植物的分布。在本研究中,我们分析了该地区不同物种的分布情况。结果表明,冷杉-栎林、廊道栎林、冷杉林和冷杉林的丰富度较高(> 22种)。与其他ANP和周边地区相比,单位面积物种数量较高;与伊达尔戈两个领土扩展最大的国家行动计划相比,互补性很高。结果表明,PNC在墨西哥盆地拥有60.2%的石松和蕨类植物物种,与该实体的其他ANPs相比,具有较高的分类学多样性和互补性,突出了其作为生物多样性水库的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Microsporogenesis, microgametogenesis, and pollen grain morphology of Fouquieria fasciculata (Fouquieriaceae, Ericales) 束状Fouquieria(Fouquiriaceae,Ericales)的小孢子发生、小配子发生和花粉粒形态
IF 1.4 4区 生物学 Q3 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-07-11 DOI: 10.17129/botsci.3282
Fabiola Soto-Trejo, Sergio Zamudio-Ruiz, S. Espinosa-Matías
Background: Embryology of the male reproductive structures in Fouquieriaceae has been poorly studied. The ontogeny of the anther wall, microsporogenesis, microgametogenesis, and pollen morphology were described in detail for Fouquieria fasciculata. Questions: How microsporogenesis and microgametogenesis are carried out in Fouquieria fasciculata? How is the morphology of mature pollen grain? Study species: Fouquieria fasciculata (Fouquieriaceae). Study site and date: Río Estórax Canyon, near the El Plátano, Querétaro, Mexico. Methods: Floral buds and flowers at different stages of development were collected and processed for further analysis with light and scanning electron microscopy. Results: The development of the anther wall is of Dicotyledonous type. The anther wall consists of a single-layered epidermis covered by a thick cuticle, an endothecium with U-shaped fibrous thickenings, one middle layer and a secretory tapetum with uni or binucleate cell. Two orbicules types were characterized: doughnut-shape orbicules and aggregated orbicules with ruminate appearance. Microsporogenesis is successive, the microspore tetrads are tetrahedral. Pollen grains are prolate, tricolporate with reticulate-heterobrochate exine, and are shed in the two-celled stage. Conclusions: This research is the first comprehensive study of male structures ontogeny of Fouquieriaceae. Remarkable features were described in Fouquieria fasciculata, such as the differentiation of a secretory tapetum and the presence of orbicules, which are described for the first time and contribute to characterize the embryology of Fouquieriaceae.
背景:对金花科雄性生殖结构的胚胎学研究较少。详细介绍了束状福奎花花药壁的个体发生、小孢子发生、小配子发生和花粉形态。问题:束状Fouquieria schicculata是如何进行小孢子发生和小配子发生的?成熟花粉粒的形态如何?研究种:束状Fouquieria(Fouquiriaceae)。研究地点和日期:墨西哥克雷塔罗El Plátano附近的Río Estórax峡谷。方法:采集不同发育阶段的花蕾和花朵,用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜进行进一步分析。结果:花药壁发育为双子叶型。花药壁由单层表皮、内壁和分泌绒毡层组成,单层表皮上覆盖着厚厚的角质层,内壁有U形纤维增厚,中间层有一层,绒毡层有单核或双核细胞。两种类型的轨道被表征:甜甜圈形状的轨道和具有瘤胃外观的聚集轨道。小孢子发生是连续的,小孢子四分体为四面体。花粉粒长,三孔,具网状异褐壳外壁,在两细胞期脱落。结论:本研究是首次对菊科植物雄性结构个体发生进行综合研究。束状Fouquieria consticulata中描述了显著的特征,如分泌绒毡层的分化和轨道的存在,这是首次描述,有助于描述Fouquieriaceae的胚胎学特征。
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引用次数: 0
Timescale lessons of Durinskia baltica (Kryptoperidiniaceae, Dinophyta) from freshwater through a molecular phylogeny 从淡水分子系统发育角度研究巴氏杜林虫的时间尺度教训
IF 1.4 4区 生物学 Q3 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-07-04 DOI: 10.17129/botsci.3259
B. Lira, R. Tavera, E. Novelo
Background: The evolutionary pattern of dinophytes is complex and requires comprehensive taxonomic studies addressing the species' development and morphology, ecology, evolution, and genetics. Questions: How recent was the transition of D. baltica from Mexico to freshwater based on a calibrated phylogeny tree of the Kryptoperidiniaceae? Studied species and data description: Durinskia baltica, Kryptoperidiniaceae and the known fossil record of dinotoms (endosymbiont diatom-host dinophytes). Study sites and dates: Xochimilco, Mexico City.  2010 to 2019. Methods: Phylogenies were constructed with Bayesian inferences and host sequences were calibrated with a relaxed clock method. Results: We obtained genetic sequences of the 18S rDNA sector in the host and the rbcL sector in the endosymbiont. The Nitzschia-type endosymbiont is genetically distinct from endosymbionts of other dinotomes with the same diatom type. In contrast, considering the known freshwater species of Durinskia, the genetic relationship between hosts is robust and of recent origin. The antiquity of the Mexican sequence coincides with the geological origin of the Xochimilco basin, suggesting particularities in the evolutionary history of dinotomes linked to the geographic regions they inhabit. Conclusions: Our evolutionary scenario with a calibrated phylogeny indicates that the transition of Durinskia baltica to freshwater in the Xochimilco basin is geologically contextualized. The historical environmental change of Lake Xochimilco with respect to salinity corresponds with an initial colonization of D. baltica in a brackish environment and its subsequent adaptation to freshwater.
背景:恐龙的进化模式是复杂的,需要对物种的发育和形态、生态学、进化和遗传学进行全面的分类学研究。问题:根据校准过的Kryptoperidiniaceae的系统发育树,D. baltica从墨西哥到淡水的过渡是多久?研究的物种和资料描述:波罗的海杜林藻,Kryptoperidiniaceae和已知的dinotoms(内共生硅藻寄主dinophytes)化石记录。研究地点和日期:2010年至2019年,墨西哥城Xochimilco。方法:采用贝叶斯推断构建系统发育系统,采用松弛时钟法对宿主序列进行标定。结果:获得了宿主18S rDNA区和内共生体rbcL区基因序列。nitzschia型内共生体在遗传上不同于具有相同硅藻类型的其他恐龙组的内共生体。相比之下,考虑到已知的杜林斯基淡水物种,宿主之间的遗传关系是强大的,并且是最近起源的。墨西哥序列的古老与霍奇米尔科盆地的地质起源相吻合,这表明恐龙的进化史与它们所居住的地理区域有关。结论:我们的进化情景与校准的系统发育表明,在霍奇米尔科盆地,波罗的海杜林斯基向淡水的过渡具有地质背景。霍奇米尔科湖盐度的历史环境变化与波罗的海菌最初在微咸环境中的定居和随后对淡水的适应相对应。
{"title":"Timescale lessons of Durinskia baltica (Kryptoperidiniaceae, Dinophyta) from freshwater through a molecular phylogeny","authors":"B. Lira, R. Tavera, E. Novelo","doi":"10.17129/botsci.3259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17129/botsci.3259","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The evolutionary pattern of dinophytes is complex and requires comprehensive taxonomic studies addressing the species' development and morphology, ecology, evolution, and genetics. \u0000Questions: How recent was the transition of D. baltica from Mexico to freshwater based on a calibrated phylogeny tree of the Kryptoperidiniaceae? \u0000Studied species and data description: Durinskia baltica, Kryptoperidiniaceae and the known fossil record of dinotoms (endosymbiont diatom-host dinophytes). \u0000Study sites and dates: Xochimilco, Mexico City.  2010 to 2019. \u0000Methods: Phylogenies were constructed with Bayesian inferences and host sequences were calibrated with a relaxed clock method. \u0000Results: We obtained genetic sequences of the 18S rDNA sector in the host and the rbcL sector in the endosymbiont. The Nitzschia-type endosymbiont is genetically distinct from endosymbionts of other dinotomes with the same diatom type. In contrast, considering the known freshwater species of Durinskia, the genetic relationship between hosts is robust and of recent origin. The antiquity of the Mexican sequence coincides with the geological origin of the Xochimilco basin, suggesting particularities in the evolutionary history of dinotomes linked to the geographic regions they inhabit. \u0000Conclusions: Our evolutionary scenario with a calibrated phylogeny indicates that the transition of Durinskia baltica to freshwater in the Xochimilco basin is geologically contextualized. The historical environmental change of Lake Xochimilco with respect to salinity corresponds with an initial colonization of D. baltica in a brackish environment and its subsequent adaptation to freshwater.","PeriodicalId":54375,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42855176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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Botanical Sciences
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