Rodrigo Alejandro Hernández Cárdenas, A. R. López-Ferrari, A. Espejo-Serna, Aniceto Mendoza-Ruiz
Antecedentes: Santos Reyes Tepejillo, Oaxaca, carece de un inventario florístico integral. Elaborarlo permitirá contar con información para plantear estrategias de manejo y conservación de sus recursos vegetales. Preguntas: ¿Cuántas y cuáles especies de plantas vasculares hay en el municipio de Santos Reyes Tepejillo y en qué tipo de vegetación se encuentran? ¿Cuál es el porcentaje de especies nativas, endémicas y catalogadas en alguna categoría de riesgo? Descripción de datos: Flora vascular. Sitios y años de estudio: Santos Reyes Tepejillo, Oaxaca, México; 2019 a 2021. Métodos: Se realizaron viajes periódicos de recolección botánica; el material recolectado se herborizó y determinó con el uso de claves, la información recabada del trabajo de campo se complementó con la consulta de bases de datos y la revisión de especímenes en herbarios institucionales. Resultados: Se registraron 536 especies, 336 géneros y 103 familias. Las familias Asteraceae (58 géneros/88 especies), Fabaceae (21/37) y Apocynaceae (13/23) sobresalen por su riqueza genérica y específica, mientras que a nivel de género los más diversos fueron Tillandsia, Salvia y Euphorbia. Doscientas trece especies son endémicas de México, 13 son exclusivas de Oaxaca y dos restringen su distribución a la zona de estudio; 111 especies se encuentran enlistadas en alguna categoría de riesgo. Conclusiones: Santos Reyes Tepejillo concentra una notable riqueza específica y presenta un importante nivel de endemismo. El estudio documenta tres nuevos registros a nivel estatal y el hallazgo de tres nuevas especies. Es indispensable continuar con el trabajo de exploración en la zona de estudio y regiones adyacentes.
{"title":"Flora vascular del municipio de Santos Reyes Tepejillo, Oaxaca, México","authors":"Rodrigo Alejandro Hernández Cárdenas, A. R. López-Ferrari, A. Espejo-Serna, Aniceto Mendoza-Ruiz","doi":"10.17129/botsci.3207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17129/botsci.3207","url":null,"abstract":"Antecedentes: Santos Reyes Tepejillo, Oaxaca, carece de un inventario florístico integral. Elaborarlo permitirá contar con información para plantear estrategias de manejo y conservación de sus recursos vegetales. \u0000Preguntas: ¿Cuántas y cuáles especies de plantas vasculares hay en el municipio de Santos Reyes Tepejillo y en qué tipo de vegetación se encuentran? ¿Cuál es el porcentaje de especies nativas, endémicas y catalogadas en alguna categoría de riesgo? \u0000Descripción de datos: Flora vascular. \u0000Sitios y años de estudio: Santos Reyes Tepejillo, Oaxaca, México; 2019 a 2021. \u0000Métodos: Se realizaron viajes periódicos de recolección botánica; el material recolectado se herborizó y determinó con el uso de claves, la información recabada del trabajo de campo se complementó con la consulta de bases de datos y la revisión de especímenes en herbarios institucionales. \u0000Resultados: Se registraron 536 especies, 336 géneros y 103 familias. Las familias Asteraceae (58 géneros/88 especies), Fabaceae (21/37) y Apocynaceae (13/23) sobresalen por su riqueza genérica y específica, mientras que a nivel de género los más diversos fueron Tillandsia, Salvia y Euphorbia. Doscientas trece especies son endémicas de México, 13 son exclusivas de Oaxaca y dos restringen su distribución a la zona de estudio; 111 especies se encuentran enlistadas en alguna categoría de riesgo. \u0000Conclusiones: Santos Reyes Tepejillo concentra una notable riqueza específica y presenta un importante nivel de endemismo. El estudio documenta tres nuevos registros a nivel estatal y el hallazgo de tres nuevas especies. Es indispensable continuar con el trabajo de exploración en la zona de estudio y regiones adyacentes.","PeriodicalId":54375,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45826647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Luna‐Vega, Iván García-Gómez, Othón Alcántara-Ayala, E. Rodríguez-Ramírez, T. Terrazas
Background: Many Mexican Ternstroemia species mainly inhabit the tropical montane cloud forest. These species have been misidentified in herbaria due to their morphological resemblance. Question: Are there foliar anatomical and micromorphological characters with diagnostic value that allow discriminating between the Mexican species of Ternstroemia? Study species: Ternstroemia sylvatica Schltdl. & Cham., and T. lineata DC. subsp. lineata (Pentaphylacaceae Engl.), 2018-2019. Study site and date: Tropical montane cloud forests at the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt and Sierra Madre Oriental. Methods: Botanical specimens were collected and removed from herbarium sheets. The leaves were prepared through cleared, dehydration and paraffin inclusion techniques to observe and describe them. Results: The Ternstroemia species showed specific features of plants in humid environments, such as thin cuticle, mesophyll with scarce parenchyma palisade, and abundant intercellular spaces in the spongy parenchyma, and specific pigments that help to capture light and serve as protection. The species share a festooned broquidodromous venation pattern, anomocytic stomata, and closed collateral vascular bundle surrounded by perivascular fibers. Both species are differentiated by leaf shape, abundance of collenchyma layers, lenght of palisade parenchyma, and number of stomata per square millimeter on the abaxial surface. Conclusions: We support and validate some features recorded for Ternstroemia species and reject some previous generalizations made worldwide to the genus. This research is the first attempt to study anatomy, architecture, and foliar micromorphology of Mexican Pentaphylacaceae.
{"title":"Anatomy and foliar architecture of two Mexican species of Ternstroemia Mutis ex L.f. (Pentaphylacaceae)","authors":"I. Luna‐Vega, Iván García-Gómez, Othón Alcántara-Ayala, E. Rodríguez-Ramírez, T. Terrazas","doi":"10.17129/botsci.3210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17129/botsci.3210","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Many Mexican Ternstroemia species mainly inhabit the tropical montane cloud forest. These species have been misidentified in herbaria due to their morphological resemblance. \u0000Question: Are there foliar anatomical and micromorphological characters with diagnostic value that allow discriminating between the Mexican species of Ternstroemia? \u0000Study species: Ternstroemia sylvatica Schltdl. & Cham., and T. lineata DC. subsp. lineata (Pentaphylacaceae Engl.), 2018-2019. \u0000Study site and date: Tropical montane cloud forests at the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt and Sierra Madre Oriental. \u0000Methods: Botanical specimens were collected and removed from herbarium sheets. The leaves were prepared through cleared, dehydration and paraffin inclusion techniques to observe and describe them. \u0000Results: The Ternstroemia species showed specific features of plants in humid environments, such as thin cuticle, mesophyll with scarce parenchyma palisade, and abundant intercellular spaces in the spongy parenchyma, and specific pigments that help to capture light and serve as protection. The species share a festooned broquidodromous venation pattern, anomocytic stomata, and closed collateral vascular bundle surrounded by perivascular fibers. Both species are differentiated by leaf shape, abundance of collenchyma layers, lenght of palisade parenchyma, and number of stomata per square millimeter on the abaxial surface. \u0000Conclusions: We support and validate some features recorded for Ternstroemia species and reject some previous generalizations made worldwide to the genus. This research is the first attempt to study anatomy, architecture, and foliar micromorphology of Mexican Pentaphylacaceae.","PeriodicalId":54375,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47053520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jesús Guadalupe González-Gallegos, Dante S. Figueroa, Perla Velázquez-Ríos
Antecedentes: La delimitación genérica y las relaciones filogenéticas de Clinopodium son aún inestables. En México se registran 15 especies que alguna vez fueron tratadas también bajo los géneros Calamintha o Satureja. Exploraciones recientes en el occidente de México condujeron al descubrimiento de una especie adicional con corolas relativamente largas y de tono rojizo, lo que corresponde al conjunto antes reconocido como Satureja sect. Gardoquia. Preguntas: ¿cuáles son las características morfológicas diagnósticas que soportan a la especie nueva?, ¿cuáles son las especies morfológicamente similares? Especies de estudio: especies de Clinopodium de México y de Satureja sect. Gardoquia. Sitio y años de estudio: San Sebastián del Oeste, Jalisco, primavera de 2022. Métodos: Recolección botánica, herborización y caracterización morfológica de los especímenes recolectados. Cotejo de literatura especializada, ejemplares de herbario y tipos nomenclaturales en línea. Resultados: La especie nueva Clinopodium haraverianum se distingue del resto de especies del género por la combinación de los siguientes caracteres: hábito herbáceo no ramificado, hojas progresivamente reducidas hacia el ápice del tallo, cáliz marcadamente bilabiado, corolas con el tubo mayor de 16 mm de largo y de tono rojizo. La especie más parecida es C. macrostemum con la que se compara en la diagnosis. Conclusiones: Clinopodium haraverianum se separa de la mayoría de las especies de Clinopodium al reunir las características que definen al grupo Gardoquia, y dentro de este destaca por su hábito y tamaño de las estructuras florales. Esta especie constituye una adición a la flora endémica de Jalisco y por extensión de México.
{"title":"Clinopodium haraverianum (Lamiaceae: Menthinae), una especie nueva de San Sebastián del Oeste, Jalisco, México","authors":"Jesús Guadalupe González-Gallegos, Dante S. Figueroa, Perla Velázquez-Ríos","doi":"10.17129/botsci.3214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17129/botsci.3214","url":null,"abstract":"Antecedentes: La delimitación genérica y las relaciones filogenéticas de Clinopodium son aún inestables. En México se registran 15 especies que alguna vez fueron tratadas también bajo los géneros Calamintha o Satureja. Exploraciones recientes en el occidente de México condujeron al descubrimiento de una especie adicional con corolas relativamente largas y de tono rojizo, lo que corresponde al conjunto antes reconocido como Satureja sect. Gardoquia. \u0000Preguntas: ¿cuáles son las características morfológicas diagnósticas que soportan a la especie nueva?, ¿cuáles son las especies morfológicamente similares? \u0000Especies de estudio: especies de Clinopodium de México y de Satureja sect. Gardoquia. \u0000Sitio y años de estudio: San Sebastián del Oeste, Jalisco, primavera de 2022. \u0000Métodos: Recolección botánica, herborización y caracterización morfológica de los especímenes recolectados. Cotejo de literatura especializada, ejemplares de herbario y tipos nomenclaturales en línea. \u0000Resultados: La especie nueva Clinopodium haraverianum se distingue del resto de especies del género por la combinación de los siguientes caracteres: hábito herbáceo no ramificado, hojas progresivamente reducidas hacia el ápice del tallo, cáliz marcadamente bilabiado, corolas con el tubo mayor de 16 mm de largo y de tono rojizo. La especie más parecida es C. macrostemum con la que se compara en la diagnosis. \u0000Conclusiones: Clinopodium haraverianum se separa de la mayoría de las especies de Clinopodium al reunir las características que definen al grupo Gardoquia, y dentro de este destaca por su hábito y tamaño de las estructuras florales. Esta especie constituye una adición a la flora endémica de Jalisco y por extensión de México.","PeriodicalId":54375,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46495859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Miguel Murguía‐Romero, E. Ortiz, Bernardo Serrano-Estrada, J. Villaseñor
Background: The 8th version of the "World Checklist of Vascular Plants" (WCVP) was recently published under the coordination of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. It consists of a list of taxonomic names of species, genera, and families of vascular plants representing the most comprehensive and integrated list available today. Questions: How many accepted species does the WCVP include? Is the quality of the included information acceptable? How has the publication of worldwide species names evolved over time? Does the checklist include the species recorded for Mexico? Studied species: Worldwide species of vascular plants included in the WCVP. Study site: Worldwide and Mexico. Methods: A database was created based on the WCVP to answer the research questions. The number of genera and species by taxonomic status (accepted and synonyms) was quantified, some information quality tests were carried out, and the potential number of undiscovered species in the world was estimated using non-parametric techniques. Results: The WCVP contains 1,233,172 names, of which 418,737 are accepted. It is estimated that around 25 % more unknown species remain to be discovered in the world. The quality of the information contained in the WCVP is quite reliable and complete; only 3 % of Mexican species are not included in the WCVP. Conclusions: The WCVP synthesizes current taxonomic knowledge in an integrated manner and is useful for systematic and automated analyses. At the country level, at least for Mexico, it stands as an important reference source when attempting to understand and evaluate floristic knowledge.
背景:在英国皇家植物园(Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew)的协调下，第八版《世界维管植物名录》(World Checklist of Vascular Plants, WCVP)最近出版。它由维管植物的种、属和科的分类名称组成，代表了当今最全面和综合的列表。问题:世界野生动植物保护区包括多少种被认可的物种?所包含信息的质量是否可以接受?随着时间的推移，全球物种名称的发布是如何演变的?清单中是否包括在墨西哥记录的物种?研究种类:世界范围内维管植物的种类。研究地点:全球和墨西哥。方法:基于WCVP建立数据库，回答研究问题。利用非参数技术，对分类状态(公认和近义词)的属种数量进行了量化，并进行了信息质量检验，估计了世界上潜在的未发现物种数量。结果:WCVP共收录名称1,233,172个，其中418,737个被接受。据估计，世界上还有大约25%的未知物种有待发现。WCVP所包含的信息质量相当可靠和完整;只有3%的墨西哥物种没有被列入世界野生动植物保护计划。结论:WCVP系统综合了现有的分类学知识，可用于系统和自动化分析。在国家一级，至少对墨西哥来说，它是试图理解和评价植物区系知识的重要参考资料。
{"title":"The Kew’s \"World Checklist of Vascular Plants\" and its relevance to the knowledge of the flora of Mexico","authors":"Miguel Murguía‐Romero, E. Ortiz, Bernardo Serrano-Estrada, J. Villaseñor","doi":"10.17129/botsci.3223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17129/botsci.3223","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The 8th version of the \"World Checklist of Vascular Plants\" (WCVP) was recently published under the coordination of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. It consists of a list of taxonomic names of species, genera, and families of vascular plants representing the most comprehensive and integrated list available today. \u0000Questions: How many accepted species does the WCVP include? Is the quality of the included information acceptable? How has the publication of worldwide species names evolved over time? Does the checklist include the species recorded for Mexico? \u0000Studied species: Worldwide species of vascular plants included in the WCVP. \u0000Study site: Worldwide and Mexico. \u0000Methods: A database was created based on the WCVP to answer the research questions. The number of genera and species by taxonomic status (accepted and synonyms) was quantified, some information quality tests were carried out, and the potential number of undiscovered species in the world was estimated using non-parametric techniques. \u0000Results: The WCVP contains 1,233,172 names, of which 418,737 are accepted. It is estimated that around 25 % more unknown species remain to be discovered in the world. The quality of the information contained in the WCVP is quite reliable and complete; only 3 % of Mexican species are not included in the WCVP. \u0000Conclusions: The WCVP synthesizes current taxonomic knowledge in an integrated manner and is useful for systematic and automated analyses. At the country level, at least for Mexico, it stands as an important reference source when attempting to understand and evaluate floristic knowledge.","PeriodicalId":54375,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45066460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Oscar Alejandro Sedano-Ibarra, R. Romo-Campos, Adriana Natividad Avendaño-López, A. Muñoz-Urias, J. Flores
Background: Percentage and speed of germination are crucial factors that can restrict processes involved in plant succession during ecological restoration. Pre-germination treatments and the effect of storage time on germination percentage and mean germination time were investigated in nine native herbaceous plants of the La Primavera Flora and Fauna Protection Area. Question: Do the seeds of the studied species go dormant, and can storage time affect germination percentage and mean germination time? Species studied: Aeschynomene villosa var. longifolia (Micheli) Rudd, Crotalaria pumila Ort., Dalea leporina (Ait.) Bullock, D. foliolosa (Ait.) Barneby, Desmodium aparines (Link) DC., D. distortum (Aubl.) JF Macbr., D. tortuosum (Sw.) DC., Paspalum notatum Flüggé, and Zornia reticulata I. E. Smith. Place and dates of study: Area of Protection of Flora and Fauna La Primavera. From 2019 to 2020 Methods: Under greenhouse conditions, four treatments were applied prior to germination: scarification with a tweezer pliers, immersion in water at 40 ᵒC for 24 and 48 h, and control. Results: Seven species had highly viable (≥ 90 %) seeds after 12 months of storage. Five species with seed dormancy reached germination above 80 % after 24 months of storage and scarification with a tweezer pliers. Mean germination time for most species decreased with the scarification treatment. Conclusion: Our findings provide basic information on the germination of native species that could help restore degraded sites in the La Primavera Flora and Fauna Protection Area.
背景:发芽率和发芽率是制约生态恢复过程中植物演替的关键因素。以九种原生草本植物为研究对象，研究了萌发前处理及贮藏时间对发芽率和平均发芽期的影响。问题:所研究物种的种子会休眠吗?储存时间会影响发芽率和平均发芽时间吗?研究种:长叶七叶莲(Aeschynomene villosa var. longgifolia, Micheli) Rudd, Crotalaria pumila Ort。黄花苜蓿(黄花苜蓿)布洛克，D. fololosa (Ait)巴内比，白莲草(链接)DC。D.扭曲(译)摩根富林明Macbr。， D. tortuosum (Sw.)直流。、雀稗(Paspalum notatum fl gg)、网纹草(Zornia reticulata I. E. Smith)。学习地点和日期:La Primavera动植物保护区。方法:在温室条件下，萌发前采用4种处理:用镊子钳割伤、40℃水浸24和48 h、对照。结果:7种种子贮存12个月后存活率≥90%。种子休眠的5种经24个月的贮藏和用镊子钳割伤后，发芽率达到80%以上。大多数品种的平均发芽时间随着划伤处理而缩短。结论:本研究结果提供了原生物种萌发的基本信息，为恢复La Primavera动植物保护区退化地提供了依据。
{"title":"Effect of storage time and pre-germination treatments on nine native herbaceous species with the potential to restore degraded soils of La Primavera Forest, Jalisco","authors":"Oscar Alejandro Sedano-Ibarra, R. Romo-Campos, Adriana Natividad Avendaño-López, A. Muñoz-Urias, J. Flores","doi":"10.17129/botsci.3165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17129/botsci.3165","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Percentage and speed of germination are crucial factors that can restrict processes involved in plant succession during ecological restoration. Pre-germination treatments and the effect of storage time on germination percentage and mean germination time were investigated in nine native herbaceous plants of the La Primavera Flora and Fauna Protection Area. \u0000Question: Do the seeds of the studied species go dormant, and can storage time affect germination percentage and mean germination time? \u0000Species studied: Aeschynomene villosa var. longifolia (Micheli) Rudd, Crotalaria pumila Ort., Dalea leporina (Ait.) Bullock, D. foliolosa (Ait.) Barneby, Desmodium aparines (Link) DC., D. distortum (Aubl.) JF Macbr., D. tortuosum (Sw.) DC., Paspalum notatum Flüggé, and Zornia reticulata I. E. Smith. \u0000Place and dates of study: Area of Protection of Flora and Fauna La Primavera. From 2019 to 2020 \u0000Methods: Under greenhouse conditions, four treatments were applied prior to germination: scarification with a tweezer pliers, immersion in water at 40 ᵒC for 24 and 48 h, and control. \u0000Results: Seven species had highly viable (≥ 90 %) seeds after 12 months of storage. Five species with seed dormancy reached germination above 80 % after 24 months of storage and scarification with a tweezer pliers. Mean germination time for most species decreased with the scarification treatment. \u0000Conclusion: Our findings provide basic information on the germination of native species that could help restore degraded sites in the La Primavera Flora and Fauna Protection Area.","PeriodicalId":54375,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43429985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: A significant number of species of grasses (Poaceae) have allelopathic properties and two genera of Andropogoneae -Cymbopogon and Bothriochloa- are the main aromatic genera recognized in the family. The genus Imperata (Poaceae: Andropogoneae) is widely distributed, with several species being present around the world. Questions and / or Hypotheses: This study assessed the allelopathic potential of some South American species of Imperata taking into account previous reports on I. cylindrica, which has been extensively studied due to its invasiveness and allelopathic potential. Studied species / data description /Mathematical model: I. brasiliensis, I. condensata, I. minutiflora, and I. tenuis Study site and dates: Greenhouse of the Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal, Sistemática y Filogeografía de Plantas, Córdoba, Argentina. Methods: We obtain the aqueous extract from the studied species and we evaluated its effect on germination and root and shoot growth of lettuce, corn, and tomato. Results: In bioassays, aqueous leaf extract of I. brasiliensis, I. condensata, I. minutiflora, and I. tenuis inhibited seed germination and root and shoot growth of lettuce (Lactuca sativa), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), and maize (Zea mays). The extracts mainly affected root and shoot length, whereas the effect on seed germination was low. Conclusions: The studied species may contain allelochemicals, which interfere with seed germination and seedling growth. Future research on the type of chemical compounds present in aqueous extracts may contribute to their use for agroecological purposes.
背景:禾本科植物中有相当数量的种具有化感作用，其中两属(cymbopogon和Bothriochloa)是该科中公认的主要芳香属。Imperata属(Poaceae: andropogonae)分布广泛，在世界各地有几个种类。问题和/或假设:本研究评估了一些南美的白茅属物种的化感作用潜力，并考虑了以往关于白茅属的报道，白茅属因其入侵性和化感作用潜力而被广泛研究。研究物种/数据描述/数学模型:巴西种、巴西种、minutiflora和巴西种。研究地点和日期:Biología植物研究所多学科温室，Sistemática y Filogeografía de Plantas, Córdoba，阿根廷。方法:从所研究的植物中提取水提物，并评价其对生菜、玉米和番茄发芽和根茎生长的影响。结果:在生物试验中，巴西菊、白花菊、细叶菊和细叶菊的水提物对莴苣、番茄和玉米的种子萌发和根茎生长均有抑制作用。提取物主要影响根长和芽长，对种子萌发的影响较小。结论:所研究的植物可能含有化感物质，影响种子萌发和幼苗生长。对水提取物中存在的化合物类型的未来研究可能有助于其在农业生态目的中的应用。
{"title":"Preliminary report on the allelopathic potential of South American Imperata species (Poaceae: Andropogoneae)","authors":"Fernando Moro Cordobés, A. Anton, L. R. Scrivanti","doi":"10.17129/botsci.3188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17129/botsci.3188","url":null,"abstract":"Background: A significant number of species of grasses (Poaceae) have allelopathic properties and two genera of Andropogoneae -Cymbopogon and Bothriochloa- are the main aromatic genera recognized in the family. The genus Imperata (Poaceae: Andropogoneae) is widely distributed, with several species being present around the world. \u0000Questions and / or Hypotheses: This study assessed the allelopathic potential of some South American species of Imperata taking into account previous reports on I. cylindrica, which has been extensively studied due to its invasiveness and allelopathic potential. \u0000Studied species / data description /Mathematical model: I. brasiliensis, I. condensata, I. minutiflora, and I. tenuis \u0000Study site and dates: Greenhouse of the Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal, Sistemática y Filogeografía de Plantas, Córdoba, Argentina. \u0000Methods: We obtain the aqueous extract from the studied species and we evaluated its effect on germination and root and shoot growth of lettuce, corn, and tomato. \u0000Results: In bioassays, aqueous leaf extract of I. brasiliensis, I. condensata, I. minutiflora, and I. tenuis inhibited seed germination and root and shoot growth of lettuce (Lactuca sativa), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), and maize (Zea mays). The extracts mainly affected root and shoot length, whereas the effect on seed germination was low. \u0000Conclusions: The studied species may contain allelochemicals, which interfere with seed germination and seedling growth. Future research on the type of chemical compounds present in aqueous extracts may contribute to their use for agroecological purposes.","PeriodicalId":54375,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41950547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tonatiuh Jiménez-Zamora, L. Galicia, David Espinosa, Irán Rivera-González, I. Luna‐Vega
Background: Palynological studies have contributed with topics closely linked to sustainability. However, there are still few scientific reviews that have discussed the relevance of practical applications in current palynology and its perspectives as a theoretical framework for the study of integrated landscape management. This review shows palynological contributions within agricultural model diversities in both natural and novel ecosystems. Questions: What are the current perspectives and concerns of the mature phase in palynology? What are the approaches of pollen analysis on landscape management and biodiversity conservation?Studied species: Pollen analysis and palynomorphs.Study site and dates: Global literature from current palynology.Methods: Global scientific literature using keywords, theoretical frameworks, and original articles.Results: We identified palynological perspectives for the study of sustainability based on global scientific literature: 1) ecological-evolutionary and 2) interdisciplinary research. In addition, we discussed some synergies and trade-offs between ecosystem services that were recognized through current palynology in different farming landscapes: biodiversity-based farming systems and chemical input-based farming systems. While pollen morphology and descriptive palynology can provide the basis for crop improvement, biological invasions, and the effect of deforestation on native species, more analytical approaches such as land-use indicators are necessary for sustainable management. In addition, we have included some biocultural aspects to conservation, due to a lack of practical discourse in current palynology. Conclusions: Innovative influences from current palynology are powerful approaches to integrated landscape management.
{"title":"Understanding perspectives of current palynology: using science with practical discourse","authors":"Tonatiuh Jiménez-Zamora, L. Galicia, David Espinosa, Irán Rivera-González, I. Luna‐Vega","doi":"10.17129/botsci.3180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17129/botsci.3180","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Palynological studies have contributed with topics closely linked to sustainability. However, there are still few scientific reviews that have discussed the relevance of practical applications in current palynology and its perspectives as a theoretical framework for the study of integrated landscape management. This review shows palynological contributions within agricultural model diversities in both natural and novel ecosystems. Questions: What are the current perspectives and concerns of the mature phase in palynology? What are the approaches of pollen analysis on landscape management and biodiversity conservation?Studied species: Pollen analysis and palynomorphs.Study site and dates: Global literature from current palynology.Methods: Global scientific literature using keywords, theoretical frameworks, and original articles.Results: We identified palynological perspectives for the study of sustainability based on global scientific literature: 1) ecological-evolutionary and 2) interdisciplinary research. In addition, we discussed some synergies and trade-offs between ecosystem services that were recognized through current palynology in different farming landscapes: biodiversity-based farming systems and chemical input-based farming systems. While pollen morphology and descriptive palynology can provide the basis for crop improvement, biological invasions, and the effect of deforestation on native species, more analytical approaches such as land-use indicators are necessary for sustainable management. In addition, we have included some biocultural aspects to conservation, due to a lack of practical discourse in current palynology. Conclusions: Innovative influences from current palynology are powerful approaches to integrated landscape management.","PeriodicalId":54375,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41762744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
María Mota-Ituarte, A. Pedroza-Sandoval, Rafael Minjares-Fuentes, Ricardo Trejo-Calzada, J. Zegbe, Jesús Josafath Quezada-Rivera
Background: Water deficit and salinity are common conditions in arid agro-ecosystems. Hypothesis: Salinty increases the hydric stress effect on the yield and gel quality of Aloe vera. Study species and data description: In A. vera plants the variables meassured were: plant height, leaf length, width, and thickness, fresh biomass, the relative content of water, total solids, gel percentage, and harvest index. Study site and dates: The study was conducted from spring to summer 2020 in Bermejillo, Durango, Mexico. Methods: A split-block experimental design with four replications was used. The large plots were two soil moisture contents: field capacity (18.5 ± 2.5 %) and permanent wilting point (12.5 ± 2.5 %). The small plot was the salinity, with levels: 0, 20, 40, 60, and 80 mM of NaCl. Results:Water deficit and salinity reduced the width and thickness of leaves and, consequently, the fresh biomass and gel percentage were reduced, but gel quality increased. Conclusions: Water deficit and salinity, mainly the latter, reduced plant growth and leaves, and therefore, the yield of fresh biomass and gel. Although gel yield was reduced, its quality was enhanced, in terms of high total solids content.
{"title":"Water deficit and salinity modify some morphometric, physiological, and productive attributes of Aloe vera (L.)","authors":"María Mota-Ituarte, A. Pedroza-Sandoval, Rafael Minjares-Fuentes, Ricardo Trejo-Calzada, J. Zegbe, Jesús Josafath Quezada-Rivera","doi":"10.17129/botsci.3175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17129/botsci.3175","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Water deficit and salinity are common conditions in arid agro-ecosystems. \u0000Hypothesis: Salinty increases the hydric stress effect on the yield and gel quality of Aloe vera. \u0000Study species and data description: In A. vera plants the variables meassured were: plant height, leaf length, width, and thickness, fresh biomass, the relative content of water, total solids, gel percentage, and harvest index. \u0000Study site and dates: The study was conducted from spring to summer 2020 in Bermejillo, Durango, Mexico. \u0000Methods: A split-block experimental design with four replications was used. The large plots were two soil moisture contents: field capacity (18.5 ± 2.5 %) and permanent wilting point (12.5 ± 2.5 %). The small plot was the salinity, with levels: 0, 20, 40, 60, and 80 mM of NaCl. \u0000Results:Water deficit and salinity reduced the width and thickness of leaves and, consequently, the fresh biomass and gel percentage were reduced, but gel quality increased. \u0000Conclusions: Water deficit and salinity, mainly the latter, reduced plant growth and leaves, and therefore, the yield of fresh biomass and gel. Although gel yield was reduced, its quality was enhanced, in terms of high total solids content.","PeriodicalId":54375,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42711411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elena Rosales-Islas, Daniel Barrera-Tello, A. Sánchez-González, Dulce María Galván-Hernández, Sergio Hernández-León, Pablo Octavio-Aguilar
Antecedentes: Abies hidalgensis es una especie endémica del estado de Hidalgo, México, adscrita en la Lista Roja de la IUCN en la categoría VuD2, que se ha confundido con A. guatemalensis en algunas poblaciones donde hay extracción de madera en rollo reportada como A. religiosa, lo que genera duda sobre las o la especie que se distribuyen y aprovechan en el estado de Hidalgo. Preguntas y / o Hipótesis: ¿Qué especie o especies del género Abies se distribuyen y aprovechan en Hidalgo, México?,¿Cuál es la distribución geográfica de A. hidalgensis? Especies de estudio: Abies hidalgensis, A. religiosa. Sitio y años de estudio: Municipios de Acaxochitlán, Acoculco, Agua Blanca de Iturbide, Epazoyucan, Mineral del Monte, Pachuca, Singuilucan, Tenango de Doria, Tepeapulco y Zimapán, en el estado de Hidalgo. Años 2015 a 2017. Métodos: Se analizaron 18 caracteres morfológicos mediante análisis de funciones discriminantes. Se estimó la diferenciación genética a partir del análisis de tres microsatélites nucleares desarrollados para A. guatemalensis. Resultados: Abies hidalgensis se distribuye al sureste y Abies religiosa en la zona centro-sur de Hidalgo. Los caracteres morfológicos distintivos son: canales resiníferos, forma del ápice, y caracteres morfológicos asociados a los conos ovulados y las semillas. Los estudios genéticos indican que Abies sp. muestra mayor divergencia y diversidad genética con respecto a A. hidalgensis y A. religiosa. El coeficiente de endogamia es mayor en A. religiosa. Conclusiones: En el estado Hidalgo se distribuyen dos especies del género Abies.
背景：冷杉Hidalgensis是墨西哥伊达尔戈州的一种特有物种，被列入IUCN红色名录中的VUD2类，与A混淆。在一些报告为A的有卷材开采的城镇中，瓜特马伦西亚。宗教，这引起了人们对伊达尔戈州分布和利用的物种或物种的怀疑。问题和/或假设：在墨西哥伊达尔戈分布和利用冷杉属的哪些物种？，Hidalgensis的地理分布是什么？研究物种：冷杉，A。宗教。研究地点和年份：伊达尔戈州的Acaxochitlan、Acoculco、Iturbide白水、Epazoyucan、Mineral del Monte、Pachuca、Singuilucan、Tenango de Doria、Tepeapulco和Zimapan市。2015年至2017年。方法：采用判别函数分析法对18个形态特征进行分析。根据对为A.guatemalensis开发的三颗核微卫星的分析，估计了遗传分化。结果：伊达尔戈冷杉分布在东南部，宗教冷杉分布在伊达尔戈中南部。独特的形态特征是：树脂通道、先端形状以及与卵圆锥体和种子相关的形态特征。遗传研究表明，冷杉与喜树和宗教冷杉相比，表现出更大的差异和遗传多样性。A.宗教。结论：在伊达尔戈州，冷杉属有两种。
{"title":"Caracterización morfológica y genética de las poblaciones de Abies en Hidalgo, México: importancia de la identidad taxonómica para el aprovechamiento forestal","authors":"Elena Rosales-Islas, Daniel Barrera-Tello, A. Sánchez-González, Dulce María Galván-Hernández, Sergio Hernández-León, Pablo Octavio-Aguilar","doi":"10.17129/botsci.3203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17129/botsci.3203","url":null,"abstract":"Antecedentes: Abies hidalgensis es una especie endémica del estado de Hidalgo, México, adscrita en la Lista Roja de la IUCN en la categoría VuD2, que se ha confundido con A. guatemalensis en algunas poblaciones donde hay extracción de madera en rollo reportada como A. religiosa, lo que genera duda sobre las o la especie que se distribuyen y aprovechan en el estado de Hidalgo. \u0000Preguntas y / o Hipótesis: ¿Qué especie o especies del género Abies se distribuyen y aprovechan en Hidalgo, México?,¿Cuál es la distribución geográfica de A. hidalgensis? \u0000Especies de estudio: Abies hidalgensis, A. religiosa. \u0000Sitio y años de estudio: Municipios de Acaxochitlán, Acoculco, Agua Blanca de Iturbide, Epazoyucan, Mineral del Monte, Pachuca, Singuilucan, Tenango de Doria, Tepeapulco y Zimapán, en el estado de Hidalgo. Años 2015 a 2017. \u0000Métodos: Se analizaron 18 caracteres morfológicos mediante análisis de funciones discriminantes. Se estimó la diferenciación genética a partir del análisis de tres microsatélites nucleares desarrollados para A. guatemalensis. \u0000Resultados: Abies hidalgensis se distribuye al sureste y Abies religiosa en la zona centro-sur de Hidalgo. Los caracteres morfológicos distintivos son: canales resiníferos, forma del ápice, y caracteres morfológicos asociados a los conos ovulados y las semillas. Los estudios genéticos indican que Abies sp. muestra mayor divergencia y diversidad genética con respecto a A. hidalgensis y A. religiosa. El coeficiente de endogamia es mayor en A. religiosa. \u0000Conclusiones: En el estado Hidalgo se distribuyen dos especies del género Abies.","PeriodicalId":54375,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45558864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abigail del Carmen Espejo-Cruz, Abraham Espejo-Martínez, M. G. Chávez-Ángeles, L. Lagunez-Rivera, Rodolfo Solano Gómez
Background: Online commerce (e-commerce) includes wild orchids, but it may constitute illicit trade and a risk for its conservation. In Mexico, the magnitude of this e-commerce, if it shows to be illicit, and how environmental crimes are constituted according to the country's regulations are unknown. Questions: How many orchid species are offered in e-commerce? Where do the offers originate? Does this trade become a scenario for environmental crimes? What differences are there in the seller profile and earnings between e-commerce and traditional markets? Studied species: Orchids commercialized in social networks of Mexico. Study site and dates: Mexican states with orchid e-commerce, October-December 2020. Methods: Three e-commerce platforms were reviewed, documenting species richness, active sellers, points of sale and verifying compliance with environmental regulations. We compared the orchid richness and prices in e-commerce with those registered in traditional markets in Mexico. Results: We registered 344 publications, 164 orchid taxa, half Mexican native and 39 hybrids. These offers do not always originate in areas of high orchid richness. In Mexico, orchid management for commercial purposes requires registration and consent of the environmental authority, but no seller has provided evidence regarding it. Prices are higher in e-commerce than in traditional markets. Conclusions: e-commerce offers orchid varieties (native, nonnative, hybrid) and traditional markets only native. Because in e-commerce sellers do not provide evidence of compliance with the environmental regulations, the digital platforms prompt environmental crimes.
{"title":"Deficiencies in compliance with environmental regulation for orchid trade via social networks in Mexico","authors":"Abigail del Carmen Espejo-Cruz, Abraham Espejo-Martínez, M. G. Chávez-Ángeles, L. Lagunez-Rivera, Rodolfo Solano Gómez","doi":"10.17129/botsci.3159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17129/botsci.3159","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Online commerce (e-commerce) includes wild orchids, but it may constitute illicit trade and a risk for its conservation. In Mexico, the magnitude of this e-commerce, if it shows to be illicit, and how environmental crimes are constituted according to the country's regulations are unknown. \u0000Questions: How many orchid species are offered in e-commerce? Where do the offers originate? Does this trade become a scenario for environmental crimes? What differences are there in the seller profile and earnings between e-commerce and traditional markets? \u0000Studied species: Orchids commercialized in social networks of Mexico. \u0000Study site and dates: Mexican states with orchid e-commerce, October-December 2020. \u0000Methods: Three e-commerce platforms were reviewed, documenting species richness, active sellers, points of sale and verifying compliance with environmental regulations. We compared the orchid richness and prices in e-commerce with those registered in traditional markets in Mexico. \u0000Results: We registered 344 publications, 164 orchid taxa, half Mexican native and 39 hybrids. These offers do not always originate in areas of high orchid richness. In Mexico, orchid management for commercial purposes requires registration and consent of the environmental authority, but no seller has provided evidence regarding it. Prices are higher in e-commerce than in traditional markets. \u0000Conclusions: e-commerce offers orchid varieties (native, nonnative, hybrid) and traditional markets only native. Because in e-commerce sellers do not provide evidence of compliance with the environmental regulations, the digital platforms prompt environmental crimes.","PeriodicalId":54375,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45587069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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