Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change最新文献

Adopting climate-smart agricultural (CSA) practices is a long-term solution for enhancing agricultural sustainability and food security under the changing climate. However, the penetration rate of CSA practices remains low worldwide. Understanding the key factors driving the adoption of CSA practices is key to increasing its penetration. This study provides a systematic review of the literature comprising 190 studies published between 2013 and 2023. Based on the reviewed literature, we provide comprehensive definitions of CSA practices from broad and narrow perspectives. We also discuss the factors influencing farmers’ decisions to adopt CSA practices from four categories: socio-demographic factors, institutional factors, resource endowment factors, and socio-economic factors. Our literature review reveals that most of the factors (e.g., age, gender, education, risk perception and preference, access to credit, farm size, production conditions, off-farm income, and labor allocation) discussed in the literature have a dual (either positive or negative) impact on CSA practice adoption. The variables such as labor endowment, land tenure security, access to extension services, access to agricultural training, membership in farmers’ organizations, non-governmental organization (NGO) support, climate conditions, and access to information consistently and positively impact CSA practice adoption. These findings provide solid evidence for designing appropriate policy instruments that help accelerate CSA diffusion and transmission. We also find gaps in CSA practice measurements, influencing factor identification, and econometric methods used for empirical analysis, which should be explored by future research.

Mountain peatlands are understudied globally, especially in tropical regions such as the Andes. Their high abundance across the landscape and thick carbon (C)-rich soils establish them as regionally important C reservoirs. However, they are at high risk of degradation due to unsustainable land use and climate change. Mitigation of these threats requires detailed inventories of C stocks present and improved understanding of the major drivers of long-term C accumulation in these ecosystems. We cored 24 peatlands located between 3000 and 4800 m elevation across Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia, calculated C storage and long-term and recent apparent rate of C accumulation (LARCA and RARCA, respectively), and tested their relationships to environmental variables (elevation, temperature, precipitation, and solar radiation). The peatlands had a mean thickness of 4.7 m (range, 0.7‒11.25 m). The mean age of peatland was 7918 yrs B.P., with a range from 490 to 20,000 yrs B.P. The mean C stock was 1743 Mg ha^-1 and did not significantly vary by climatic region or basal age but did increase with elevation. LARCA was best predicted by age and elevation, while RARCA was negatively related to mean annual temperature. These findings indicate that peatlands in the tropical Andes store thick deposits of soil C that are likely influenced by temperature, making them vulnerable to changes in climate. To inform climate policy, there is a need for science that will determine the potential for adaptation and mitigation treatments to increase the resilience of these C-rich ecosystems to climate change.

Adaptation strategies to climate change (CC) that do not consider local perspectives tend to fail at specific sites. Searching for complementary actions, we aimed to assess how farmers’ perceptions about climatic hazards match past and future climate data. An original common coding was developed to combine qualitative and quantitative data using climate trend indicators. In our case study, we compared climate perceptions of family farmers from seven localities of northern Patagonia, Argentina, collected from seven participatory risk assessment workshops, with meteorological records from six local weather stations (1999–2020) and national projected CC scenarios (simulations to 2039). In the context of a semiarid region, people’s greatest concern was found to be focused on the scarcity of water resources. Despite this focus, results showed that temperature (T) had greater predictability from farmers than precipitation (P): perceptions were better associated with past and future T variable trends (T mean, T min, and T max), than with P ones (average rainfall and number of days with rainfall events > 10 mm). We discussed social and technical causes of matches or mismatches among the views. The information resulting from the comparison of perceived climatic hazards and climate data can be used to improve climate communication with farmers, to collectively assess, design, and prioritize site-specific adaptation measures and future actions. The detailed description of our methodology would allow others to take advantage of local and technical knowledge to overcome climate change challenges.