ABSTRACT The Bobolink (Dolichonyx oryzivorus) is a long-distance migratory grassland songbird whose global population is in long-term decline, largely due to habitat loss and intensification of agricultural practices. To better understand the factors affecting their annual cycle, we used a known-age population of male Bobolinks (n = 121) breeding in agricultural grasslands of Vermont and explored how variation in plumage (extent of yellow in cap) and body morphology (body mass and wing length) explained variation in apparent survival. Bobolink body mass and wing length varied between years 2–5. Bobolink cap size did not change with age. However, none of the 3 morphological characters explained variation in apparent survival. Our results highlight the challenges associated with understanding variation in individual quality relative to age, particularly regarding factors that affect demographic processes in declining species. RESUMEN (Spanish) El tordo charlatán (Dolichonyx oryzivorus) es un ave canora de pastizal migratoria de larga distancia cuya población global está en declive a largo plazo, principalmente debido a la pérdida de hábitat y a la intensificación de las prácticas agrícolas. Para entender mejor los factores que afectan su ciclo anual, utilizamos una población con edad conocida de tordos charlatanes machos (n = 121) que se reproducían en pastizales agrícolas de Vermont y exploramos cómo la variación en su plumaje (la extensión del amarillo de su capucha) y la morfología corporal (masa corporal y longitud del ala) explicaban la variación en la sobrevivencia aparente. La masa corporal del tordo charlatán y la longitud del ala variaron entre los años 2–5. El tamaño de la capucha del tordo charlatán no tuvo variaciones con la edad. Sin embargo, ninguno de los 3 caracteres morfológicos explicaba la variación de sobrevivencia aparente. Nuestros resultados resaltan los desafíos asociados a entender la variación en la calidad de los individuos relativa a la edad, particularmente con respecto a factores que afectan procesos demográficos de especies en declive. Palabras clave: ala, Icteridae, masa, morfología, plumaje, Programa MARK, Vermont.
{"title":"Variation in body size and plumage does not explain apparent survival for a long-distance migratory songbird, the Bobolink (Dolichonyx oryzivorus)","authors":"Emma K. Burke, N. Perlut","doi":"10.1676/22-00038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1676/22-00038","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Bobolink (Dolichonyx oryzivorus) is a long-distance migratory grassland songbird whose global population is in long-term decline, largely due to habitat loss and intensification of agricultural practices. To better understand the factors affecting their annual cycle, we used a known-age population of male Bobolinks (n = 121) breeding in agricultural grasslands of Vermont and explored how variation in plumage (extent of yellow in cap) and body morphology (body mass and wing length) explained variation in apparent survival. Bobolink body mass and wing length varied between years 2–5. Bobolink cap size did not change with age. However, none of the 3 morphological characters explained variation in apparent survival. Our results highlight the challenges associated with understanding variation in individual quality relative to age, particularly regarding factors that affect demographic processes in declining species. RESUMEN (Spanish) El tordo charlatán (Dolichonyx oryzivorus) es un ave canora de pastizal migratoria de larga distancia cuya población global está en declive a largo plazo, principalmente debido a la pérdida de hábitat y a la intensificación de las prácticas agrícolas. Para entender mejor los factores que afectan su ciclo anual, utilizamos una población con edad conocida de tordos charlatanes machos (n = 121) que se reproducían en pastizales agrícolas de Vermont y exploramos cómo la variación en su plumaje (la extensión del amarillo de su capucha) y la morfología corporal (masa corporal y longitud del ala) explicaban la variación en la sobrevivencia aparente. La masa corporal del tordo charlatán y la longitud del ala variaron entre los años 2–5. El tamaño de la capucha del tordo charlatán no tuvo variaciones con la edad. Sin embargo, ninguno de los 3 caracteres morfológicos explicaba la variación de sobrevivencia aparente. Nuestros resultados resaltan los desafíos asociados a entender la variación en la calidad de los individuos relativa a la edad, particularmente con respecto a factores que afectan procesos demográficos de especies en declive. Palabras clave: ala, Icteridae, masa, morfología, plumaje, Programa MARK, Vermont.","PeriodicalId":54404,"journal":{"name":"Wilson Journal Of Ornithology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48588922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
THE COMPLETE BIRDS OF THE WORLD. Norman Arlott and Ber van Perlo, principal illustrators. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey. 2021: 656 pages, 301 color plates, featuring 10,711 bird species. ISBN: 978-0-69119392-2. $65.00 (cloth).—First we were amazed by the 16-volume Lynx Handbook of the Birds of the World, completed in 2011. Then astounded by the 2-volume condensed version of that Lynx masterwork entitled Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World, published in 2014 and 2016. Now we have Princeton’s book that illustrates all of the world’s birds in a single volume. I suppose the next logical step is a smartphone app that features all the information and art found in the 16volume Lynx work...wait—Cornell and Lynx have now done that as well! And to think it all started with James Lee Peters and his Harvard-based world checklist, which required the hard labor of Peters, Ernst Mayr, Raymond Paynter, G. William Cottrell, and many family-level taxonomic contributors from the years 1931–1987. It seems the world has speeded up in producing world ornithologies. And when you add that
世界上最完整的鸟类。Norman Arlott和Ber van Perlo，主要插画师。普林斯顿大学出版社，普林斯顿，新泽西州。2021:656页，301色板，10,711种鸟类。ISBN: 978-0-69119392-2。65.00美元(布)。首先，我们对2011年完成的16卷《世界鸟类山猫手册》感到惊讶。然后被2014年和2016年出版的山猫杰作《世界鸟类插图清单》(Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World)的两卷本浓缩版惊呆了。现在我们有普林斯顿的书，在一卷书里展示了世界上所有的鸟类。我想下一个合乎逻辑的步骤是一个智能手机应用程序，其中包含了16卷Lynx作品中的所有信息和艺术……等等——康奈尔和Lynx现在也做到了!这一切都始于詹姆斯·李·彼得斯和他的哈佛世界清单，这需要彼得斯、恩斯特·迈尔、雷蒙德·佩恩特、g·威廉·科特雷尔以及从1931年到1987年的许多家庭分类学贡献者的辛勤劳动。世界似乎加快了编纂世界鸟类学的速度。当你加上这个
{"title":"The Complete Birds of the World.","authors":"B. Beehler","doi":"10.1676/22-00058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1676/22-00058","url":null,"abstract":"THE COMPLETE BIRDS OF THE WORLD. Norman Arlott and Ber van Perlo, principal illustrators. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey. 2021: 656 pages, 301 color plates, featuring 10,711 bird species. ISBN: 978-0-69119392-2. $65.00 (cloth).—First we were amazed by the 16-volume Lynx Handbook of the Birds of the World, completed in 2011. Then astounded by the 2-volume condensed version of that Lynx masterwork entitled Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World, published in 2014 and 2016. Now we have Princeton’s book that illustrates all of the world’s birds in a single volume. I suppose the next logical step is a smartphone app that features all the information and art found in the 16volume Lynx work...wait—Cornell and Lynx have now done that as well! And to think it all started with James Lee Peters and his Harvard-based world checklist, which required the hard labor of Peters, Ernst Mayr, Raymond Paynter, G. William Cottrell, and many family-level taxonomic contributors from the years 1931–1987. It seems the world has speeded up in producing world ornithologies. And when you add that","PeriodicalId":54404,"journal":{"name":"Wilson Journal Of Ornithology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46147624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT According to the MacArthur-Wilson model of Island Biogeography, the species richness on a given island should be a function of the size of the island and its distance from the mainland. Following this, one might therefore expect that the likelihood that a small songbird species would nest on a given island in a large freshwater lake would similarly be a function of island size and distance to the mainland. We tested this by installing a single nest box on each of 37 islands in Lake Norman, North Carolina, in the fall of 2019. We hypothesized that Carolina Chickadees (Poecile carolinensis) would be more likely to nest in boxes on islands that are large and/or close to the mainland. Combining our results from 2020 and 2021, we found that neither island size, distance to the mainland, nor an interaction between the two explained the presence of breeding chickadees on islands. RESUMEN (Spanish) De acuerdo con el modelo de biogeografía de islas de MacArthur y Wilson, la riqueza de especies en una isla dada debería ser función del tamaño de la isla y su distancia a tierra firme. Siguiendo esto, uno podría esperar de manera similar que la probabilidad de que una especie pequeña de ave canora anide en una isla dada en un gran lago de agua dulce sería una función del tamaño de la isla y su distancia a tierra firme. Sometimos esta premisa a prueba, instalando una única caja-nido en cada una de 37 islas del lago Norman en North Carolina en el otoño de 2019. Hipotetizamos que los carboneros Poecile carolinensis serían más proclives a anidar en cajas-nido en islas que son grandes y/o cercanas a tierra firme. Combinando nuestros resultados de 2020 y 2021, encontramos que ni el tamaño de la isla, la distancia a tierra firme o la interacción de las 2 explicó la presencia de carboneros anidando en islas. Palabras clave: biogeografía de islas, cajas-nido, MacArthur y Wilson.
{"title":"Nesting of Carolina Chickadees (Poecile carolinensis) on islands in a large freshwater lake not significantly influenced by island size or distance to mainland","authors":"M. Stanback, G. Vaughan, Zane Libke","doi":"10.1676/21-00105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1676/21-00105","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT According to the MacArthur-Wilson model of Island Biogeography, the species richness on a given island should be a function of the size of the island and its distance from the mainland. Following this, one might therefore expect that the likelihood that a small songbird species would nest on a given island in a large freshwater lake would similarly be a function of island size and distance to the mainland. We tested this by installing a single nest box on each of 37 islands in Lake Norman, North Carolina, in the fall of 2019. We hypothesized that Carolina Chickadees (Poecile carolinensis) would be more likely to nest in boxes on islands that are large and/or close to the mainland. Combining our results from 2020 and 2021, we found that neither island size, distance to the mainland, nor an interaction between the two explained the presence of breeding chickadees on islands. RESUMEN (Spanish) De acuerdo con el modelo de biogeografía de islas de MacArthur y Wilson, la riqueza de especies en una isla dada debería ser función del tamaño de la isla y su distancia a tierra firme. Siguiendo esto, uno podría esperar de manera similar que la probabilidad de que una especie pequeña de ave canora anide en una isla dada en un gran lago de agua dulce sería una función del tamaño de la isla y su distancia a tierra firme. Sometimos esta premisa a prueba, instalando una única caja-nido en cada una de 37 islas del lago Norman en North Carolina en el otoño de 2019. Hipotetizamos que los carboneros Poecile carolinensis serían más proclives a anidar en cajas-nido en islas que son grandes y/o cercanas a tierra firme. Combinando nuestros resultados de 2020 y 2021, encontramos que ni el tamaño de la isla, la distancia a tierra firme o la interacción de las 2 explicó la presencia de carboneros anidando en islas. Palabras clave: biogeografía de islas, cajas-nido, MacArthur y Wilson.","PeriodicalId":54404,"journal":{"name":"Wilson Journal Of Ornithology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42634203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Caroline Wolfe-Merritt, L. Hartman, Evelyn M. Barragan, B. Hellman, Samuel Pigott, A. Rodríguez-Ferraro, Wendy P. Tori
ABSTRACT Nest building represents an important part of parental investment and can significantly impact reproductive success in many bird species. Tree Swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) are secondary cavity nesters that readily accept nest boxes and construct basic grass nest cups lined with molted feathers from other bird species. We identified and described the characteristics of the feathers used as nesting materials by Tree Swallows in 4 different habitats in Indiana and Ohio. We monitored 41 nest boxes in 2017 and 53 nest boxes in 2018. After chicks fledged, we collected feathers from nests, counted them, and characterized them by size, color, and type. Brown, medium length (5–10 cm), and contour feathers were significantly more common than other types of feathers. We compared the prevalence and characteristics of feathers in nests across different habitat types, with results showing that nests located near lakes had significantly more feathers than those in agricultural habitats. We identified which species feathers belonged to using molecular techniques and morphological comparisons and found that they belonged to 26 species from 19 families and 11 orders: Galliformes, Anseriformes, Columbiformes, Gruiformes, Charadriiformes, Pelecaniformes, Accipitriformes, Strigiformes, Piciformes, Cathartiformes, and Passeriformes, including 20 previously unreported species within those orders. Thus, feathers used as nest lining by Tree Swallows are more diverse than previously reported. Feather identities from each habitat matched avian communities in those areas, suggesting that Tree Swallows are generalist feather collectors and that the number and characteristics of feathers used as lining depends on feather availability near the nesting site. RESUMEN (Spanish) La construcción del nido representa una parte importante de la inversión parental y puede tener un impacto significativo sobre el éxito reproductivo de muchas especies de aves. La golondrina Tachycineta bicolor anida en cavidades secundarias, aceptando fácilmente cajas nido dentro de las que construyen un nido básico con hierbas en forma de taza y revestido con plumas de otras especies de aves. Identificamos y describimos las características de las plumas usadas como material del nido de T. bicolor en 4 hábitats diferentes en Indiana y Ohio. Monitoreamos 41 cajas nido en 2017 y 53 en 2018. Después que los pichones volaron del nido, recolectamos las plumas de los nidos, las contamos, y las caracterizamos por tamaño, color y tipo. Las plumas del contorno, marrones y de longitud media (5–10 cm) fueron significativamente más comunes que cualquier otro tipo de pluma. Comparamos la prevalencia y las características de las plumas entre nidos en diferentes tipos de hábitats, y los resultados mostraron que los nidos cerca de lagos contenían significativamente más plumas que los nidos de los hábitats agrícolas. Identificamos las plumas utilizando técnicas moleculares y comparaciones morfológicas, y encont
{"title":"Identity and characteristics of feathers used as lining in Tree Swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) nests in indiana and Ohio","authors":"Caroline Wolfe-Merritt, L. Hartman, Evelyn M. Barragan, B. Hellman, Samuel Pigott, A. Rodríguez-Ferraro, Wendy P. Tori","doi":"10.1676/22-00009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1676/22-00009","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Nest building represents an important part of parental investment and can significantly impact reproductive success in many bird species. Tree Swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) are secondary cavity nesters that readily accept nest boxes and construct basic grass nest cups lined with molted feathers from other bird species. We identified and described the characteristics of the feathers used as nesting materials by Tree Swallows in 4 different habitats in Indiana and Ohio. We monitored 41 nest boxes in 2017 and 53 nest boxes in 2018. After chicks fledged, we collected feathers from nests, counted them, and characterized them by size, color, and type. Brown, medium length (5–10 cm), and contour feathers were significantly more common than other types of feathers. We compared the prevalence and characteristics of feathers in nests across different habitat types, with results showing that nests located near lakes had significantly more feathers than those in agricultural habitats. We identified which species feathers belonged to using molecular techniques and morphological comparisons and found that they belonged to 26 species from 19 families and 11 orders: Galliformes, Anseriformes, Columbiformes, Gruiformes, Charadriiformes, Pelecaniformes, Accipitriformes, Strigiformes, Piciformes, Cathartiformes, and Passeriformes, including 20 previously unreported species within those orders. Thus, feathers used as nest lining by Tree Swallows are more diverse than previously reported. Feather identities from each habitat matched avian communities in those areas, suggesting that Tree Swallows are generalist feather collectors and that the number and characteristics of feathers used as lining depends on feather availability near the nesting site. RESUMEN (Spanish) La construcción del nido representa una parte importante de la inversión parental y puede tener un impacto significativo sobre el éxito reproductivo de muchas especies de aves. La golondrina Tachycineta bicolor anida en cavidades secundarias, aceptando fácilmente cajas nido dentro de las que construyen un nido básico con hierbas en forma de taza y revestido con plumas de otras especies de aves. Identificamos y describimos las características de las plumas usadas como material del nido de T. bicolor en 4 hábitats diferentes en Indiana y Ohio. Monitoreamos 41 cajas nido en 2017 y 53 en 2018. Después que los pichones volaron del nido, recolectamos las plumas de los nidos, las contamos, y las caracterizamos por tamaño, color y tipo. Las plumas del contorno, marrones y de longitud media (5–10 cm) fueron significativamente más comunes que cualquier otro tipo de pluma. Comparamos la prevalencia y las características de las plumas entre nidos en diferentes tipos de hábitats, y los resultados mostraron que los nidos cerca de lagos contenían significativamente más plumas que los nidos de los hábitats agrícolas. Identificamos las plumas utilizando técnicas moleculares y comparaciones morfológicas, y encont","PeriodicalId":54404,"journal":{"name":"Wilson Journal Of Ornithology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42685952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Weicheng Yang, J. Ran, Tao Peng, Yu Xu, Gang Xiang, Yin Yi, Yu Jiang, Xin Chai, Shulin Yang
ABSTRACT We discovered a population of the Near Threatened Hume's Pheasant (Syrmaticus humiae) in the Ziyun County of Anshun City in 2016. Land and forestry administrators jointly proposed establishing a nature reserve for the conservation of this population. We conducted surveys and a habitat suitability assessment of this pheasant in support of the conservation strategy planning and proposed nature reserve. Our results suggest that this pheasant uses heavily disturbed, open canopy, broad-leaved forests at a certain distance to roads on northwest- to north-facing slopes. It also uses sparse canopy forests on moderate to steep slopes below elevations of 1,050 m near water. The use of heavily disturbed, open canopy forests of this pheasant population is not consistent with reports from the literature. This could be a response of this population to available disturbed habitat. This population may be part of an undiscovered population of the wildlife management units of Guangxi and Guizhou. Understanding habitat requirements of this species warrants further investigations, e.g., genetic tests such as sequencing of mitochondrial DNA to compare with other populations and assessment of its population status, patterns of habitat use, and interactions with heavily disturbed habitats.
{"title":"Habitat suitability assessment for the Near Threatened Hume's Pheasant (Syrmaticus humiae) in a new distribution location in southwestern China","authors":"Weicheng Yang, J. Ran, Tao Peng, Yu Xu, Gang Xiang, Yin Yi, Yu Jiang, Xin Chai, Shulin Yang","doi":"10.1676/21-00058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1676/21-00058","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We discovered a population of the Near Threatened Hume's Pheasant (Syrmaticus humiae) in the Ziyun County of Anshun City in 2016. Land and forestry administrators jointly proposed establishing a nature reserve for the conservation of this population. We conducted surveys and a habitat suitability assessment of this pheasant in support of the conservation strategy planning and proposed nature reserve. Our results suggest that this pheasant uses heavily disturbed, open canopy, broad-leaved forests at a certain distance to roads on northwest- to north-facing slopes. It also uses sparse canopy forests on moderate to steep slopes below elevations of 1,050 m near water. The use of heavily disturbed, open canopy forests of this pheasant population is not consistent with reports from the literature. This could be a response of this population to available disturbed habitat. This population may be part of an undiscovered population of the wildlife management units of Guangxi and Guizhou. Understanding habitat requirements of this species warrants further investigations, e.g., genetic tests such as sequencing of mitochondrial DNA to compare with other populations and assessment of its population status, patterns of habitat use, and interactions with heavily disturbed habitats.","PeriodicalId":54404,"journal":{"name":"Wilson Journal Of Ornithology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47594954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. DeSaix, Eileen B. Connell, Nandadevi Cortes-Rodriguez, K. E. Omland, P. Marra, Colin E. Studds
ABSTRACT Migratory tracking of genetically distinct populations can be used to develop conservation strategies that prioritize the protection of unique genetic lineages across the annual cycle. In North America, the island of Newfoundland harbors populations of numerous species that are genetically differentiated from populations in mainland North America. The American Redstart (Setophaga ruticilla) is a widespread Neotropical migratory songbird that breeds across North America and has a mitochondrial haplogroup unique to the Newfoundland breeding population. Stable-hydrogen isotope analyses have broadly identified the Caribbean islands as the nonbreeding locations for American Redstarts breeding in northeastern North America, but the specific nonbreeding sites for the Newfoundland breeding population remain unclear. The objective of this study was to use mitochondrial haplogroups to elucidate nonbreeding locations of the Newfoundland population of the American Redstart. We sampled 180 individuals from 9 locations across the Caribbean and sequenced the mitochondrial control region. We identified 4 individuals with the Newfoundland haplogroup in Puerto Rico (n = 3) and the Dominican Republic (n = 1). However, we primarily detected individuals with other haplogroups at these 2 nonbreeding sites. Our results suggest that the Newfoundland breeding population of the American Redstart has a restricted nonbreeding range (Puerto Rico and Dominican Republic) and mixes with individuals from other breeding populations at these sites. These findings contribute to a better understanding of how American Redstart populations are connected across the annual cycle, improving our understanding of population ecology and evolution. RESUMEN (Spanish) El rastreo migratorio de poblaciones genéticamente diferenciadas puede ser usado para desarrollar estrategias de conservación que prioricen la protección de linajes genéticos únicos a lo largo del ciclo anual. En América del Norte, la isla de Terranova alberga poblaciones de numerosas especies que se diferencian genéticamente de la tierra firme de América del Norte. La candelita norteña (Setophaga ruticilla) es un ave canora migratoria neotropical que se reproduce a lo largo de Norteamérica y tiene un haplotipo mitocondrial único para la población reproductiva de Terranova. Análisis de isótopos estables de hidrógeno han identificado ampliamente las islas del Caribe como sitios no reproductivos para poblaciones de candelita norteña que se reproducen en América del Norte, pero los sitios no reproductivos específicos para las poblaciones que se reproducen en Terranova todavía no se conocen. El objetivo de este estudio era usar el haplotipo mitocondrial para dilucidar sitios de no reproducción para las poblaciones de candelita norteña que se reproducen en Terranova. Se muestrearon 180 individuos de 9 localidades a lo largo del Caribe y secuenciamos la región control de sus mitocondrias. Identificamos 4 individuos con el hapl
{"title":"Migratory connectivity in a Newfoundland population of the American Redstart (Setophaga ruticilla)","authors":"M. DeSaix, Eileen B. Connell, Nandadevi Cortes-Rodriguez, K. E. Omland, P. Marra, Colin E. Studds","doi":"10.1676/22-00004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1676/22-00004","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Migratory tracking of genetically distinct populations can be used to develop conservation strategies that prioritize the protection of unique genetic lineages across the annual cycle. In North America, the island of Newfoundland harbors populations of numerous species that are genetically differentiated from populations in mainland North America. The American Redstart (Setophaga ruticilla) is a widespread Neotropical migratory songbird that breeds across North America and has a mitochondrial haplogroup unique to the Newfoundland breeding population. Stable-hydrogen isotope analyses have broadly identified the Caribbean islands as the nonbreeding locations for American Redstarts breeding in northeastern North America, but the specific nonbreeding sites for the Newfoundland breeding population remain unclear. The objective of this study was to use mitochondrial haplogroups to elucidate nonbreeding locations of the Newfoundland population of the American Redstart. We sampled 180 individuals from 9 locations across the Caribbean and sequenced the mitochondrial control region. We identified 4 individuals with the Newfoundland haplogroup in Puerto Rico (n = 3) and the Dominican Republic (n = 1). However, we primarily detected individuals with other haplogroups at these 2 nonbreeding sites. Our results suggest that the Newfoundland breeding population of the American Redstart has a restricted nonbreeding range (Puerto Rico and Dominican Republic) and mixes with individuals from other breeding populations at these sites. These findings contribute to a better understanding of how American Redstart populations are connected across the annual cycle, improving our understanding of population ecology and evolution. RESUMEN (Spanish) El rastreo migratorio de poblaciones genéticamente diferenciadas puede ser usado para desarrollar estrategias de conservación que prioricen la protección de linajes genéticos únicos a lo largo del ciclo anual. En América del Norte, la isla de Terranova alberga poblaciones de numerosas especies que se diferencian genéticamente de la tierra firme de América del Norte. La candelita norteña (Setophaga ruticilla) es un ave canora migratoria neotropical que se reproduce a lo largo de Norteamérica y tiene un haplotipo mitocondrial único para la población reproductiva de Terranova. Análisis de isótopos estables de hidrógeno han identificado ampliamente las islas del Caribe como sitios no reproductivos para poblaciones de candelita norteña que se reproducen en América del Norte, pero los sitios no reproductivos específicos para las poblaciones que se reproducen en Terranova todavía no se conocen. El objetivo de este estudio era usar el haplotipo mitocondrial para dilucidar sitios de no reproducción para las poblaciones de candelita norteña que se reproducen en Terranova. Se muestrearon 180 individuos de 9 localidades a lo largo del Caribe y secuenciamos la región control de sus mitocondrias. Identificamos 4 individuos con el hapl","PeriodicalId":54404,"journal":{"name":"Wilson Journal Of Ornithology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48070376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT Vital rates can provide important insights into management effects on wildlife populations. However, for many North American birds, especially woodpeckers (Picidae), vital rates are not well documented. Here, we estimated adult annual survival of the White-headed Woodpecker (Dryobates albolarvatus) across a 10 year period (2011–2021) in managed ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) forests along the eastern slope of the Cascade Range in Washington, USA. We banded male and female woodpeckers with unique color band combinations and resighted them on breeding territories from March to July in each year. We banded 116 woodpeckers, most of which we aged as hatch-year (n = 49) or second-year (n = 32) when banded, and all were past the critical dependence period when mortality is highest. We estimated recapture and annual survival probabilities for 33 breeding males and 24 breeding females using open-population Cormack-Jolly-Seber models that included 2 covariates: age at first capture (AGE) and sex (SEX). We combined birds into 3 AGE classes: class 1 (hatch-year), class 2 (second-year and after hatch-year), and class 3 (≥ after second-year). Female recapture probabilities were higher than males, although both were >0.85. AGE class 1 birds had the lowest recapture probabilities, but the estimates were imprecise. Survival probabilities were >0.80 for all birds, regardless of which model we evaluated. These survival estimates could be inflated because some adults that are nonbreeders and dispersed from the study area may have lower rates of survival. We did not find any evidence of differences in survival probabilities by SEX or AGE. Our results suggested that, despite managed ponderosa pine stands having trees smaller in diameter and greater in density than historical stands, White-headed Woodpeckers had a high probability of surviving year to year in this forest type. RESUMEN (Spanish) Las tasas vitales pueden proveer una visión de los efectos del manejo en poblaciones de fauna silvestre. Sin embargo, para muchas aves de Norteamérica, especialmente para carpinteros (Picidae), dichas tasas vitales no están bien documentadas. Aquí estimamos la sobrevivencia anual del carpintero Dryobates albolarvatus a lo largo de un periodo de 10 años (2011–2021) en bosques manejados de pino ponderosa (Pinus ponderosa) en la vertiente este de la cordillera Cascade en Washington, EUA. Anillamos machos y hembras de carpintero con combinaciones únicas de anillos de colores y los re-observamos en sus territorios reproductivos de marzo–julio de cada año. Anillamos 116 carpinteros, la mayoría de los cuales determinamos como del primer año (n = 49) o del segundo año (n = 32) al momento de ser anillados y todos habían pasado el periodo de dependencia crítica cuando la mortandad es más alta. Estimamos probabilidades de recaptura y sobrevivencia anual de 33 machos y 24 hembras reproductivos usando modelos Cormack-Jolly-Seber para poblaciones abiertas que incluyeron 2 covariabl
生命率可以为野生动物种群的管理效果提供重要的见解。然而，对于许多北美鸟类，特别是啄木鸟(Picidae)，生命率没有很好的记录。在这里，我们估计了10年间(2011-2021年)在美国华盛顿喀斯喀特山脉东坡管理的黄松森林中白头啄木鸟(Dryobates albolarvatus)的成虫年存活率。每年3月至7月，我们用不同的色带组合将雄性和雌性啄木鸟绑在一起，并在繁殖地对它们进行重新定位。我们对116只啄木鸟进行了条带化处理，其中大部分在孵化年(n = 49)或第二年(n = 32)进行了条带化处理，所有的啄木鸟都超过了死亡率最高的关键依赖期。我们使用开放种群Cormack-Jolly-Seber模型估计了33只繁殖雄性和24只繁殖雌性的再捕获率和年生存率，该模型包含2个变量:首次捕获年龄(age)和性别(sex)。我们将鸟类分为3个AGE类:1类(孵化年)、2类(孵化年及以后)和3类(孵化年以上)。女性的再捕获概率高于男性，尽管两者都是bb0.85。AGE 1类鸟类的再捕获概率最低，但估计并不精确。无论我们评估哪种模型，所有鸟类的生存概率都是>.80。这些存活率估计可能被夸大了，因为一些不繁殖的成年鸟和分散在研究区域的成年鸟的存活率可能更低。我们没有发现任何证据表明性别或年龄在生存率上存在差异。我们的研究结果表明，尽管管理的黄松林分的树木直径比历史林分小，密度比历史林分大，但白头啄木鸟在这种林分中年复一年的存活率很高。resume(西班牙语)Las tasas vitales pueden proveer una visión de los effectos del manejo en poblaciones de fauna silvestre。在禁运期间，北部湾地区，特别是北部湾地区(Picidae)，都有一些重要的文件。Aquí estimamos la sobrevivencia annual del carpintero Dryobates albolarvatus a lo largo de un periodo de 10 años (2011-2021) en bosques manejados de pino ponderosa (Pinus ponderosa) en la vertiente este de la cordillera Cascade in Washington, EUA。在这一过程中，我们可以观察到许多不同的颜色，例如，我们可以观察到许多不同的颜色，例如，我们可以观察到许多不同的区域，例如，我们可以观察到许多不同的颜色，例如，我们可以观察到许多不同的颜色。Anillamos 116 carpinteros, la mayoría de los cuales determinamos como del primer año (n = 49) o del segundo año (n = 32) o momento de ser anillados y todos habían pasado el periodo de dependencia crítica cuando la mortandes más alta。本文对33只雄性、24只生殖胚胎的年捕获概率进行了估计，并采用Cormack-Jolly-Seber模型，包括2个协变量:初始捕获年龄(AGE)和性别(SEX)。Combinamos estas有3类AGE:第1类(del primer año)、第2类(del segundo año y despu del segundo año)和第3类(≥despu del segundo año)。Las probabilidades de recaptura de hembras fueron más altas que Las de los machos, unque ambas fueron >.85。Las aves de la class1 de AGE tuvieron la más haja probabilidad de recaptura, unique estas estimaciones fueron imprecisas。本文采用独立模型模型进行了求解。Estas estimaciones de sobrevivenia podrían estar infladones algunos adultos que son on无生殖力，通过分散研究área de estudio podrían tener tasas de sobrevivenia más bajas。性别和年龄的差异在短静脉栓塞的可能性方面没有矛盾的证据。都resultados sugieren,如果好las parcelas plantaciones•德•皮诺杰克终于控制tienen arboles de diametros menores y至少densidades,拉斯维加斯parcelas historicas,且这些carpinteros tienen una alta probabilidad de sobrevivencia另反对另在埃斯特蒂波德博斯克。Palabras clave: anillos de color, capture -recaptura, estimaciones de sobrevivencia, parcelas de pino, Washington。
{"title":"Annual survival of adult White-headed Woodpeckers (Dryobates albolarvatus) in ponderosa pine forest with a history of forest management","authors":"J. Kozma, A. J. Kroll, Kevin S Lucas","doi":"10.1676/22-00014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1676/22-00014","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Vital rates can provide important insights into management effects on wildlife populations. However, for many North American birds, especially woodpeckers (Picidae), vital rates are not well documented. Here, we estimated adult annual survival of the White-headed Woodpecker (Dryobates albolarvatus) across a 10 year period (2011–2021) in managed ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) forests along the eastern slope of the Cascade Range in Washington, USA. We banded male and female woodpeckers with unique color band combinations and resighted them on breeding territories from March to July in each year. We banded 116 woodpeckers, most of which we aged as hatch-year (n = 49) or second-year (n = 32) when banded, and all were past the critical dependence period when mortality is highest. We estimated recapture and annual survival probabilities for 33 breeding males and 24 breeding females using open-population Cormack-Jolly-Seber models that included 2 covariates: age at first capture (AGE) and sex (SEX). We combined birds into 3 AGE classes: class 1 (hatch-year), class 2 (second-year and after hatch-year), and class 3 (≥ after second-year). Female recapture probabilities were higher than males, although both were >0.85. AGE class 1 birds had the lowest recapture probabilities, but the estimates were imprecise. Survival probabilities were >0.80 for all birds, regardless of which model we evaluated. These survival estimates could be inflated because some adults that are nonbreeders and dispersed from the study area may have lower rates of survival. We did not find any evidence of differences in survival probabilities by SEX or AGE. Our results suggested that, despite managed ponderosa pine stands having trees smaller in diameter and greater in density than historical stands, White-headed Woodpeckers had a high probability of surviving year to year in this forest type. RESUMEN (Spanish) Las tasas vitales pueden proveer una visión de los efectos del manejo en poblaciones de fauna silvestre. Sin embargo, para muchas aves de Norteamérica, especialmente para carpinteros (Picidae), dichas tasas vitales no están bien documentadas. Aquí estimamos la sobrevivencia anual del carpintero Dryobates albolarvatus a lo largo de un periodo de 10 años (2011–2021) en bosques manejados de pino ponderosa (Pinus ponderosa) en la vertiente este de la cordillera Cascade en Washington, EUA. Anillamos machos y hembras de carpintero con combinaciones únicas de anillos de colores y los re-observamos en sus territorios reproductivos de marzo–julio de cada año. Anillamos 116 carpinteros, la mayoría de los cuales determinamos como del primer año (n = 49) o del segundo año (n = 32) al momento de ser anillados y todos habían pasado el periodo de dependencia crítica cuando la mortandad es más alta. Estimamos probabilidades de recaptura y sobrevivencia anual de 33 machos y 24 hembras reproductivos usando modelos Cormack-Jolly-Seber para poblaciones abiertas que incluyeron 2 covariabl","PeriodicalId":54404,"journal":{"name":"Wilson Journal Of Ornithology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47269717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Daniel Taylor, B. Kluever, J. Humphrey, Iona M. Hennessy, Amber Sutton, W. E. Bruce, A. Piaggio
ABSTRACT Studies that rely on noninvasive collection of DNA for birds often use feces or feathers. Some birds, such as vultures, regurgitate undigested matter in the form of pellets that are commonly found under roost sites. Our research demonstrates that regurgitated pellets are a viable, noninvasive source of DNA for molecular ecology studies of vultures. Our objectives were to amplify 5 microsatellite loci designed for distinguishing Turkey Vultures (Cathartes aura) and Black Vultures (Coragyps atratus) in a single, multiplexed PCR, and to determine how long the target nuclear DNA persists after a vulture pellet is regurgitated and exposed to the environment. We collected pellets from captive Black Vultures and placed them in an outdoor aviary for a maximum estimated total of 12, 24, 36, or 48 h. We swabbed pellet surfaces for extraction and amplified vulture DNA using the panel of markers. All amplified alleles fell within predicted ranges of Black Vultures for all 5 loci, supporting the use of this microsatellite panel for vulture species identification. Overall amplification success for samples collected 0–12 h after regurgitation was 82.3%. Pellets collected 12–24 h, 24–36 h, and 36–48 h after regurgitation had only 18%, 10.2%, and 4.5% amplification success, respectively, which may have been due to a rain event. Our approach will be useful for noninvasive genetic sampling targeting nuclear DNA. These results should encourage noninvasive genetic sampling studies of other species that regurgitate pellets, such as raptors, water birds, or shorebirds. RESUMEN (Spanish) Estudios que dependen de colecta no invasiva de ADN de aves muchas veces utilizan heces o plumas. Algunas aves, como los zopilotes, regurgitan materia sin digerir en forma de egagrópilas que se encuentran comúnmente bajo los dormideros. Nuestra investigación muestra que las egagrópilas regurgitadas son una fuente de ADN viable y no invasiva para estudios de ecología molecular de zopilotes. Nuestros objetivos fueron amplificar 5 loci microsatelitales diseñados para distinguir aura gallipavo (Cathartes aura) y zopilote negro (Coragyps atratus) en un solo PCR múltiple así como determinar cuánto tiempo persiste el ADN nuclear blanco después de que una egagrópila de zopilote es regurgitada y expuesta al ambiente. Colectamos egagrópilas de zopilotes negros en cautiverio y las colocamos en un aviario al aire libre durante un tiempo máximo estimado de 12, 24, 36 y 48 h. Realizamos un frotis de la superficie de las egagrópilas para una extracción y amplificación del ADN de los zopilotes usando el panel de marcadores. Todos los alelos amplificados cayeron en los rangos predichos para los zopilotes negros para todos los 5 loci, lo que apoya el uso de este panel de microsatélites para identificación de especies de zopilotes. El éxito general de amplificación de muestras colectadas de muestras colectadas 0-12 h después de regurgitadas fue de 82.3%. Las egagrópilas colectadas 12–24 h, 24–36
{"title":"Amplification of Black Vulture (Coragyps atratus) DNA from regurgitated food pellets","authors":"Daniel Taylor, B. Kluever, J. Humphrey, Iona M. Hennessy, Amber Sutton, W. E. Bruce, A. Piaggio","doi":"10.1676/22-00001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1676/22-00001","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Studies that rely on noninvasive collection of DNA for birds often use feces or feathers. Some birds, such as vultures, regurgitate undigested matter in the form of pellets that are commonly found under roost sites. Our research demonstrates that regurgitated pellets are a viable, noninvasive source of DNA for molecular ecology studies of vultures. Our objectives were to amplify 5 microsatellite loci designed for distinguishing Turkey Vultures (Cathartes aura) and Black Vultures (Coragyps atratus) in a single, multiplexed PCR, and to determine how long the target nuclear DNA persists after a vulture pellet is regurgitated and exposed to the environment. We collected pellets from captive Black Vultures and placed them in an outdoor aviary for a maximum estimated total of 12, 24, 36, or 48 h. We swabbed pellet surfaces for extraction and amplified vulture DNA using the panel of markers. All amplified alleles fell within predicted ranges of Black Vultures for all 5 loci, supporting the use of this microsatellite panel for vulture species identification. Overall amplification success for samples collected 0–12 h after regurgitation was 82.3%. Pellets collected 12–24 h, 24–36 h, and 36–48 h after regurgitation had only 18%, 10.2%, and 4.5% amplification success, respectively, which may have been due to a rain event. Our approach will be useful for noninvasive genetic sampling targeting nuclear DNA. These results should encourage noninvasive genetic sampling studies of other species that regurgitate pellets, such as raptors, water birds, or shorebirds. RESUMEN (Spanish) Estudios que dependen de colecta no invasiva de ADN de aves muchas veces utilizan heces o plumas. Algunas aves, como los zopilotes, regurgitan materia sin digerir en forma de egagrópilas que se encuentran comúnmente bajo los dormideros. Nuestra investigación muestra que las egagrópilas regurgitadas son una fuente de ADN viable y no invasiva para estudios de ecología molecular de zopilotes. Nuestros objetivos fueron amplificar 5 loci microsatelitales diseñados para distinguir aura gallipavo (Cathartes aura) y zopilote negro (Coragyps atratus) en un solo PCR múltiple así como determinar cuánto tiempo persiste el ADN nuclear blanco después de que una egagrópila de zopilote es regurgitada y expuesta al ambiente. Colectamos egagrópilas de zopilotes negros en cautiverio y las colocamos en un aviario al aire libre durante un tiempo máximo estimado de 12, 24, 36 y 48 h. Realizamos un frotis de la superficie de las egagrópilas para una extracción y amplificación del ADN de los zopilotes usando el panel de marcadores. Todos los alelos amplificados cayeron en los rangos predichos para los zopilotes negros para todos los 5 loci, lo que apoya el uso de este panel de microsatélites para identificación de especies de zopilotes. El éxito general de amplificación de muestras colectadas de muestras colectadas 0-12 h después de regurgitadas fue de 82.3%. Las egagrópilas colectadas 12–24 h, 24–36 ","PeriodicalId":54404,"journal":{"name":"Wilson Journal Of Ornithology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48742804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT Female birds allocate high concentrations of biologically active carotenoid pigments to their egg yolks, which help to protect developing embryos against damage from free radicals and increase the rates of nestling survival after hatching. In most avian species studied to date, carotenoids are allocated in higher concentrations to the first-laid egg and lower to the last-laid egg in the laying sequence, which has been attributed to a limitation of carotenoids in avian diets. We studied laying-sequence variation in carotenoid concentrations and egg metrics (i.e., egg mass, yolk mass, shell mass, egg length, and egg width) in 15 full clutches of House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) eggs collected from nest boxes on the main campus of Columbus State University, in Columbus, Georgia, during the breeding seasons of 2014–2018. We identified 4 yellow dietary carotenoids in House Sparrow egg yolks, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein, and zeaxanthin, with lutein being the most highly concentrated. We found that concentrations of most carotenoids significantly decreased from first- to last-laid eggs, but we did not find significant differences in any egg metrics across the laying sequence. To our knowledge, this research is the first to report detailed information on laying-sequence variation in yolk carotenoids in House Sparrow eggs, making our results an important contribution to the understanding of variation in the allocation of carotenoids to songbird eggs. RESUMEN (Spanish) Las hembras de las aves asignan altas concentraciones de pigmentos carotenoides biológicamente activos a las yemas de sus huevos, las cuales ayudan a proteger los embriones en desarrollo de los daños ocasionados por radicales libres e incrementan las tasas de sobrevivencia de los polluelos después de la eclosión. En la mayoría de las especies de aves que se han estudiado hasta la fecha, los carotenoides son asignados en mayores concentraciones al primer huevo de la puesta y ésta disminuye hasta el último huevo en la secuencia de la puesta, lo cual ha sido atribuido a una limitación en los carotenoides en las dietas de los pájaros. Estudiamos la variación en concentración de carotenoides y métricas de los huevos según la secuencia de puesta (i.e., masa del huevo, masa de la yema, masa del cascarón, longitud del huevo y ancho del huevo), en 15 puestas completas de huevos del gorrión doméstico (Passer domesticus) colectadas de cajas-nido en el campus principal de la Columbus State University en Columbus, Georgia, durante las temporadas reproductivas de 2014–2018. Identificamos 4 carotenoides de dieta en las yemas de los huevos del gorrión doméstico, β-caroteno, β-criptoxantina, luteína y zeaxantina, siendo la luteína la más altamente concentrada. Encontramos que las concentraciones de la mayoría de los carotenoides decrecieron significativamente del primer al último huevo de la puesta, aunque no encontramos diferencias significativas en ninguna de las métricas de los huevos a
雌性鸟类的蛋黄中含有高浓度的生物活性类胡萝卜素，有助于保护发育中的胚胎免受自由基的伤害，提高孵化后雏鸟的成活率。在迄今为止所研究的大多数鸟类物种中，在产卵过程中，类胡萝卜素在第一个产下的蛋中分配的浓度较高，在最后一个产下的蛋中分配的浓度较低，这归因于鸟类饮食中类胡萝卜素的限制。在2014-2018年的繁殖季节，我们研究了在美国佐治亚州哥伦布州立大学主校区的巢箱中收集的15窝麻雀(Passer domesticus)蛋的类胡萝卜素浓度和鸡蛋指标(即鸡蛋质量、蛋黄质量、壳质量、鸡蛋长度和鸡蛋宽度)的产蛋序列变化。在家雀蛋黄中鉴定出4种黄色类胡萝卜素，分别是β-胡萝卜素、β-隐黄质、叶黄素和玉米黄质，其中叶黄素含量最高。我们发现，大多数类胡萝卜素的浓度从第一个蛋到最后一个蛋显著下降，但我们没有发现任何鸡蛋指标在整个产卵序列中的显著差异。据我们所知，本研究首次报道了麻雀卵黄类胡萝卜素产蛋序列变化的详细信息，使我们的研究结果对了解类胡萝卜素在鸣禽蛋中的分配变化做出了重要贡献。RESUMEN(西班牙语)Las hembras de Las鸟类asignan阿特拉斯concentraciones de pigmentos类胡萝卜素biologicamente activos但sus到了拉斯维加斯,拉斯维加斯什么ayudan一个门生洛杉矶embriones desarrollo de los丹诺斯ocasionados腰围超过激进自由e incrementan Las tasas de sobrevivencia de los polluelos在de la羽化。En la mayoría de las especies de aves que se han estudiado hasta la fecha, los carotenides son asignados En mayores concentraciones al primer huevo de la puesta y sta disminuye hasta el último huevo En la secuencia de la puesta, lo cuevo En sido atribuido a una limitación En los carotenides En las dietas de los pájaros。在2014-2018年期间，乔治亚州哥伦布州立大学校长在哥伦比亚哥伦比亚大学校园内完成了15项关于哥伦比亚哥伦比亚州立大学(columbia State University)在哥伦比亚哥伦比亚大学(columbia columbia)收集的关于哥伦比亚哥伦比亚州立大学(columbia columbia)在哥伦比亚哥伦比亚州立大学(columbia University)收集的关于哥伦比亚哥伦比亚州立大学(columbia University)校园校长在哥伦比亚哥伦比亚大学(columbia University)收集的关于哥伦比亚哥伦比亚州立大学(columbia University)的数据。Identificamos 4类胡萝卜素德饮食在拉斯维加斯但洛杉矶到了德尔gorrion domestico,β-caroteno,β-criptoxantina, luteina y zeaxantina siendo la luteina la mas altamente concentrada。黄酮类胡萝卜素含量超标mayoría黄酮类胡萝卜素含量超标último黄酮类胡萝卜素含量超标，黄酮类胡萝卜素含量超标，黄酮类胡萝卜素含量超标，黄酮类胡萝卜素含量超标，黄酮类胡萝卜素含量超标，黄酮类胡萝卜素含量超标，黄酮类胡萝卜素含量超标。从统计数据上看，investigación从初步报告上看，información从统计数据上看，variación从类胡萝卜素上看，según从统计数据上看，gorrión从统计数据上看，从统计数据上看，contribución从统计数据上看，contribución从统计数据上看，variación从统计数据上看，asignación从统计数据上看，油菜的类胡萝卜素和油菜的种类。花椰菜:β-胡萝卜素，入侵种，花椰菜内，luteína，花椰菜。
{"title":"Laying-sequence variation in carotenoid concentrations and egg metrics of House Sparrows (Passer domesticus) in Georgia, USA","authors":"Madison A. Williams, J. L. Newbrey, M. G. Newbrey","doi":"10.1676/21-00089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1676/21-00089","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Female birds allocate high concentrations of biologically active carotenoid pigments to their egg yolks, which help to protect developing embryos against damage from free radicals and increase the rates of nestling survival after hatching. In most avian species studied to date, carotenoids are allocated in higher concentrations to the first-laid egg and lower to the last-laid egg in the laying sequence, which has been attributed to a limitation of carotenoids in avian diets. We studied laying-sequence variation in carotenoid concentrations and egg metrics (i.e., egg mass, yolk mass, shell mass, egg length, and egg width) in 15 full clutches of House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) eggs collected from nest boxes on the main campus of Columbus State University, in Columbus, Georgia, during the breeding seasons of 2014–2018. We identified 4 yellow dietary carotenoids in House Sparrow egg yolks, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein, and zeaxanthin, with lutein being the most highly concentrated. We found that concentrations of most carotenoids significantly decreased from first- to last-laid eggs, but we did not find significant differences in any egg metrics across the laying sequence. To our knowledge, this research is the first to report detailed information on laying-sequence variation in yolk carotenoids in House Sparrow eggs, making our results an important contribution to the understanding of variation in the allocation of carotenoids to songbird eggs. RESUMEN (Spanish) Las hembras de las aves asignan altas concentraciones de pigmentos carotenoides biológicamente activos a las yemas de sus huevos, las cuales ayudan a proteger los embriones en desarrollo de los daños ocasionados por radicales libres e incrementan las tasas de sobrevivencia de los polluelos después de la eclosión. En la mayoría de las especies de aves que se han estudiado hasta la fecha, los carotenoides son asignados en mayores concentraciones al primer huevo de la puesta y ésta disminuye hasta el último huevo en la secuencia de la puesta, lo cual ha sido atribuido a una limitación en los carotenoides en las dietas de los pájaros. Estudiamos la variación en concentración de carotenoides y métricas de los huevos según la secuencia de puesta (i.e., masa del huevo, masa de la yema, masa del cascarón, longitud del huevo y ancho del huevo), en 15 puestas completas de huevos del gorrión doméstico (Passer domesticus) colectadas de cajas-nido en el campus principal de la Columbus State University en Columbus, Georgia, durante las temporadas reproductivas de 2014–2018. Identificamos 4 carotenoides de dieta en las yemas de los huevos del gorrión doméstico, β-caroteno, β-criptoxantina, luteína y zeaxantina, siendo la luteína la más altamente concentrada. Encontramos que las concentraciones de la mayoría de los carotenoides decrecieron significativamente del primer al último huevo de la puesta, aunque no encontramos diferencias significativas en ninguna de las métricas de los huevos a ","PeriodicalId":54404,"journal":{"name":"Wilson Journal Of Ornithology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43858336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Most Remarkable Creature: The Hidden Life and Epic Journey of the World's Smartest Birds of Prey.","authors":"athan Meiburg, A. Knopf, J. Thiollay","doi":"10.1676/22-00085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1676/22-00085","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54404,"journal":{"name":"Wilson Journal Of Ornithology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43750395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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