ABSTRACT Thermal data loggers have been used to monitor nest activity for a variety of avian species, primarily by identifying a difference in temperature between the relatively cool environment and the nest, which is warmed by nestlings or attendant adults. Many grassland songbirds, however, nest in warm environments where ambient and nest temperatures are frequently similar, which may limit the ability to identify nesting events from temperature data. Here, we evaluate the efficacy and potential impact of monitoring nests of grassland songbirds with thermal data loggers. We focus on a grassland-obligate species, Botteri's Sparrow (Peucaea botterii), that nests in hot, semiarid grasslands. We located and monitored 225 nests in southeastern Arizona, USA, and placed data loggers below the surface of the nest lining at a subset of 28 nests. To contrast nest temperatures with ambient temperatures, we placed a second data logger in similar vegetation within 3 m of the nest. Data loggers did not affect daily survival rates of nests. We were able to identify the date the nesting attempt ended (i.e., failure or fledging) correctly for all nests based on temperature data recorded during the cool period of the daily temperature cycle when data loggers placed below the nest lining averaged 3.9 °C warmer than the environment. During the hot period of the daily cycle, we were able to identify nest cessation correctly for only 46% of nests. Our study demonstrates that thermal data loggers can be used to monitor nest survival of grassland birds successfully provided that ambient temperatures are measurably lower than nest temperatures for at least part of the daily cycle. This provides an alternative to intensive observer-based monitoring that can increase the precision of survival estimates while potentially reducing cost, effort, and risk of disturbance to this group of high conservation concern. RESUMEN (Spanish) Sensores térmicos (“thermal data loggers”) han sido usados para monitorear la actividad de anidación de varias especies de aves, principalmente identificando la diferencia de temperatura entre el ambiente relativamente fresco y el nido, que es calentado por anidamiento o por ocupantes adultos. Muchas aves canoras, sin embargo, anidan en ambientes tibios en donde las temperaturas ambientales y del nido son frecuentemente similares, lo que podría limitar la habilidad de identificar los eventos de anidación a partir de datos de temperatura. Aquí evaluamos la eficacia y el impacto potencial de monitorear nidos de aves canoras con sensores térmicos. Nos enfocamos en una especie de asociación obligatoria a pastizales, el chingolo de Botteri. (“Peucaea botterii”) que anida en pastizales cálidos semiáridos. Localizamos y monitoreamos 225 nidos en el sureste de Arizona, EEUU, y colocamos sensores térmicos bajo el recubrimiento del nido en una submuestra de 28 nidos. Para contrastar la temperatura de los nidos con la temperatura ambiental, colocamos un senso
热数据记录仪已被用于监测各种鸟类的巢活动，主要是通过识别相对凉爽的环境和巢之间的温度差异，巢是由雏鸟或伴随的成鸟加热的。然而，许多草原鸣禽在温暖的环境中筑巢，环境温度和巢穴温度经常相似，这可能限制了从温度数据中识别筑巢事件的能力。在此，我们评估了利用热数据记录仪监测草原鸣鸟巢穴的效果和潜在影响。我们关注的是一种草原专性物种，博特利麻雀(Peucaea botterii)，它们在炎热、半干旱的草原上筑巢。我们在美国亚利桑那州东南部定位并监测了225个巢，并在28个巢的巢衬表面下放置了数据记录仪。为了将巢温度与环境温度进行对比，我们在巢3米内的类似植被中放置了第二个数据记录器。数据记录器不影响巢的每日存活率。我们能够根据在每日温度周期的较冷时期记录的温度数据，正确地确定所有巢穴的筑巢尝试结束日期(即失败或羽化)，当时放置在巢衬里下方的数据记录器平均比环境温度高3.9°C。在每日周期的炎热时期，我们能够正确识别只有46%的巢穴停止。我们的研究表明，温度数据记录仪可以成功地用于监测草原鸟类的巢生存，前提是环境温度至少在每日周期的一部分明显低于巢温度。这为基于观察员的密集监测提供了另一种选择，可以提高生存估计的精度，同时潜在地减少成本、努力和干扰这一高度保护关注群体的风险。resume(西班牙语)Sensores tsamrmicos(“热数据记录仪”)和sido usados para monitoreics的活动和anidación的各种类型的温度，主要识别和温度差异中心，环境相对，空气相对，空气相对，空气相对，空气相对，空气相对，空气相对，空气相对，空气相对，空气相对，空气相对，空气相对，空气相对，空气相对，空气相对。多斯有canoras，在禁运中，在环境条件下，在温度条件下，在温度条件下，在温度条件下，在频率相似的情况下，在相同的条件下，在温度条件下，在特定的条件下，在温度条件下，在特定的条件下，在特定的条件下，在温度条件下，在特定的条件下，在特定的条件下，在温度条件下，在特定的条件下，在特定的条件下，在温度条件下，在特定的条件下。Aquí通过对监测系统的潜在影响评估其有效性。没有enfocamos en una，特别是asociación强制性的paspasales, el chingolo de Botteri。(" Peucaea botterii ") que anida en pastizales cálidos semiáridos。对225个地点进行了监测，其中包括欧洲联盟亚利桑那州的225个地点，并对28个地点的28个地点进行了监测。Para contrastar la temperature de los nidos con temperature ambient, colocamos un sensor tsamrmico sobre vegetación类似于3 m del nido的超距离menmena。Los senres (Los感应器)不影响Los nidos (Los nidos)的监测。Pudimos的相同的技术，以确定其意图anidación terminó (es decir, fallo o emancipación)校正para dodo los nidos con base en en temperature registrada durante las horas más frías del ciclo dilo diario cudo los sensors . micos que建立bajo la superices del recubribrien del nido marcaban untemperature 3.9°C mayor a la temperature ambiental。Durante las horas más cálidas del ciclo diario pudimos identiidel final de la anidación solamente en el 46% de los nidos。新建立的监测系统将监测到所有的传感器，这些传感器将监测到所有的传感器，这些传感器将监测到所有的传感器，这些传感器将监测到所有的传感器，这些传感器将监测到所有的传感器，这些传感器将监测到所有的传感器，这些传感器将监测到所有的传感器，这些传感器将监测到所有的传感器，这些传感器将监测到所有的传感器，这些传感器将监测到所有的传感器，这些传感器将监测到所有的传感器，这些传感器将监测到所有的传感器，这些传感器将监测到所有的传感器。为了进一步加强监测和观察工作，请采取其他办法，例如:通过监测和观察工作，例如:通过监测和观察工作，例如:precisión通过监测和观察工作，例如:podría降低成本，通过监测和观察工作，例如:perturbación通过监测和观察工作，例如:conservaciónPalabras clave:丰裕度，观测者效应，限期，限期，限期，温度。
{"title":"Use of thermal data loggers to evaluate nest survival in a grassland songbird","authors":"E. M. Andersen, S. Freeman","doi":"10.1676/21-00005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1676/21-00005","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Thermal data loggers have been used to monitor nest activity for a variety of avian species, primarily by identifying a difference in temperature between the relatively cool environment and the nest, which is warmed by nestlings or attendant adults. Many grassland songbirds, however, nest in warm environments where ambient and nest temperatures are frequently similar, which may limit the ability to identify nesting events from temperature data. Here, we evaluate the efficacy and potential impact of monitoring nests of grassland songbirds with thermal data loggers. We focus on a grassland-obligate species, Botteri's Sparrow (Peucaea botterii), that nests in hot, semiarid grasslands. We located and monitored 225 nests in southeastern Arizona, USA, and placed data loggers below the surface of the nest lining at a subset of 28 nests. To contrast nest temperatures with ambient temperatures, we placed a second data logger in similar vegetation within 3 m of the nest. Data loggers did not affect daily survival rates of nests. We were able to identify the date the nesting attempt ended (i.e., failure or fledging) correctly for all nests based on temperature data recorded during the cool period of the daily temperature cycle when data loggers placed below the nest lining averaged 3.9 °C warmer than the environment. During the hot period of the daily cycle, we were able to identify nest cessation correctly for only 46% of nests. Our study demonstrates that thermal data loggers can be used to monitor nest survival of grassland birds successfully provided that ambient temperatures are measurably lower than nest temperatures for at least part of the daily cycle. This provides an alternative to intensive observer-based monitoring that can increase the precision of survival estimates while potentially reducing cost, effort, and risk of disturbance to this group of high conservation concern. RESUMEN (Spanish) Sensores térmicos (“thermal data loggers”) han sido usados para monitorear la actividad de anidación de varias especies de aves, principalmente identificando la diferencia de temperatura entre el ambiente relativamente fresco y el nido, que es calentado por anidamiento o por ocupantes adultos. Muchas aves canoras, sin embargo, anidan en ambientes tibios en donde las temperaturas ambientales y del nido son frecuentemente similares, lo que podría limitar la habilidad de identificar los eventos de anidación a partir de datos de temperatura. Aquí evaluamos la eficacia y el impacto potencial de monitorear nidos de aves canoras con sensores térmicos. Nos enfocamos en una especie de asociación obligatoria a pastizales, el chingolo de Botteri. (“Peucaea botterii”) que anida en pastizales cálidos semiáridos. Localizamos y monitoreamos 225 nidos en el sureste de Arizona, EEUU, y colocamos sensores térmicos bajo el recubrimiento del nido en una submuestra de 28 nidos. Para contrastar la temperatura de los nidos con la temperatura ambiental, colocamos un senso","PeriodicalId":54404,"journal":{"name":"Wilson Journal Of Ornithology","volume":"134 1","pages":"390 - 397"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42080346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Emma B. Smith, Alexandra G. Farrell, Kristen M. Covino
ABSTRACT The Great Basin is home to a variety of avian species but as anthropogenic change continues, land cover change in this region may displace some species. We quantified the amount of land cover change in the Great Basin region between 2001 and 2019, analyzed distribution data derived from the eBird Status and Trends database for 19 raptor species (orders Accipitriformes and Falconiformes), and identified each species' land cover occurrence patterns. We discovered that 15 of the raptor species investigated had land cover type as a top-10 predictor for occupancy. We also observed a large percent change in total cover of water, deciduous forest, mixed forest, shrublands, and grasslands land cover types. The raptor species with land cover in their top-10 predictor list could thus potentially be affected by these land cover change trends. While the complexity of land cover associations are nuanced, we identify patterns of land cover change over almost 2 decades in the Great Basin and reveal species that may be impacted by continued landscape change. These findings can provide crucial information for both habitat management and species conservation. RESUMEN (Spanish) El Great Basin (en el occidente de los Estados Unidos) es hábitat para una variedad de especies de aves, aunque el cambio antropogénico sostenido en la cobertura del suelo en esta región podría desplazar a algunas especies. Cuantificamos la suma de cambio en la cobertura del suelo en la región del Great Basin entre 2001–2019, analizamos la distribución derivada de la base de datos eBird Status and Trends para 19 especies de rapaces (órdenes Accipitriformes y Falconiformes) e identificamos los patrones de presencia por cobertura de cada especie. Descubrimos que 15 de especies de rapaces que investigamos tenían la cobertura del suelo como una de las 10 principales variables de ocupación. También observamos un gran porcentaje de cambio en la superficie total de los tipos de cobertura agua, bosque deciduo, bosque mixto, matorral y pradera. Las especies de rapaces con cobertura del suelo en su lista de las 10 principales variables predictivas podrían ser potencialmente afectadas por esas tendencias en cambio de la cobertura del suelo. Si bien la complejidad de las asociaciones de cobertura del suelo es ambigua, identificamos patrones de cambio de cobertura a lo largo de cerca de 2 décadas en el Great Basin y revelan especies que podrían estar impactadas por un continuo cambio en el paisaje. Estos hallazgos proveen información crucial para el manejo de hábitat y la conservación de especies. Palabras clave: aves de presa, cambio antropogénico, cambio de uso del suelo, ciencia comunitaria, desertificación.
大盆地是多种鸟类的栖息地，但随着人为变化的持续，该地区土地覆盖的变化可能会使一些鸟类流离失所。我们量化了2001 - 2019年大盆地地区土地覆盖变化的数量，分析了来自eBird Status and Trends数据库的19种猛禽(鹰形目和鹰形目)的分布数据，并确定了每种猛禽的土地覆盖发生模式。我们发现，在调查的猛禽物种中，有15种将土地覆盖类型作为占用的前10个预测因子。我们还观察到水、落叶林、混交林、灌丛和草地土地覆盖类型的总覆盖度变化较大。因此，土地覆盖在其前10位预测列表中的猛禽物种可能受到这些土地覆盖变化趋势的潜在影响。虽然土地覆盖关联的复杂性是微妙的，但我们确定了大盆地近20年来土地覆盖变化的模式，并揭示了可能受到持续景观变化影响的物种。这些发现可以为生境管理和物种保护提供重要信息。resume(西班牙语)El Great Basin (en El occidente de los Estados Unidos) es hábitat para una variad de species de aves, unique El cambio anthropogsamicnico sostenido en la cobertura del suvelo en esta región podría desplazar a algunas species。2001-2019年，中国科学院大盆地研究中心(región)，中国科学院大盆地研究中心，中国科学院大盆地研究中心，中国科学院大盆地研究中心，中国科学院大盆地研究中心，中国科学院大盆地研究中心，中国科学院大盆地研究中心，中国科学院大盆地研究中心，中国科学院大盆地研究中心，中国科学院大盆地研究中心，中国科学院大盆地研究中心，中国科学院大盆地研究中心，中国科学院大盆地研究中心，中国科学院大盆地研究中心。研究了15种不同的变量研究了1个不同的变量研究了1个不同的变量研究了1个主要变量研究了1个主要变量研究了1个主要变量研究了1个主要变量研究了1个主要变量研究了ocupación。tamamicassan观察到，从表面上看，从表面上看，从表面上看，从表面上看，从表面上看，从表面上看，从表面上看，从表面上看，从表面上看，从表面上看，从表面上看，从表面上看，从表面上看，从表面上看，从表面上看，从表面上看，从表面上看，这是一个巨大的变化。三种不同类型的玉米籽粒和玉米籽粒的籽粒、籽粒的籽粒、籽粒的籽粒、籽粒的籽粒、籽粒的籽粒、籽粒的籽粒、籽粒的籽粒、籽粒的籽粒、籽粒的籽粒、籽粒的籽粒、籽粒的籽粒、籽粒的籽粒。在此基础上，我们建立了一个完整的合作伙伴关系，确定了合作伙伴关系的赞助人，并确定了合作伙伴关系的赞助人，并确定了合作伙伴关系的赞助人，并确定了合作伙伴关系的赞助人，并确定了合作伙伴关系的赞助人。Estos hallazgos证明了información对于hábitat和conservación物种来说至关重要。Palabras clave: presa, cambio anthropogsamnico, cambio de uso del suelo, ciencia communaria, desertificación。
{"title":"Where the wild things are (and aren't): Land cover associations of raptors in the Great Basin","authors":"Emma B. Smith, Alexandra G. Farrell, Kristen M. Covino","doi":"10.1676/21-00024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1676/21-00024","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Great Basin is home to a variety of avian species but as anthropogenic change continues, land cover change in this region may displace some species. We quantified the amount of land cover change in the Great Basin region between 2001 and 2019, analyzed distribution data derived from the eBird Status and Trends database for 19 raptor species (orders Accipitriformes and Falconiformes), and identified each species' land cover occurrence patterns. We discovered that 15 of the raptor species investigated had land cover type as a top-10 predictor for occupancy. We also observed a large percent change in total cover of water, deciduous forest, mixed forest, shrublands, and grasslands land cover types. The raptor species with land cover in their top-10 predictor list could thus potentially be affected by these land cover change trends. While the complexity of land cover associations are nuanced, we identify patterns of land cover change over almost 2 decades in the Great Basin and reveal species that may be impacted by continued landscape change. These findings can provide crucial information for both habitat management and species conservation. RESUMEN (Spanish) El Great Basin (en el occidente de los Estados Unidos) es hábitat para una variedad de especies de aves, aunque el cambio antropogénico sostenido en la cobertura del suelo en esta región podría desplazar a algunas especies. Cuantificamos la suma de cambio en la cobertura del suelo en la región del Great Basin entre 2001–2019, analizamos la distribución derivada de la base de datos eBird Status and Trends para 19 especies de rapaces (órdenes Accipitriformes y Falconiformes) e identificamos los patrones de presencia por cobertura de cada especie. Descubrimos que 15 de especies de rapaces que investigamos tenían la cobertura del suelo como una de las 10 principales variables de ocupación. También observamos un gran porcentaje de cambio en la superficie total de los tipos de cobertura agua, bosque deciduo, bosque mixto, matorral y pradera. Las especies de rapaces con cobertura del suelo en su lista de las 10 principales variables predictivas podrían ser potencialmente afectadas por esas tendencias en cambio de la cobertura del suelo. Si bien la complejidad de las asociaciones de cobertura del suelo es ambigua, identificamos patrones de cambio de cobertura a lo largo de cerca de 2 décadas en el Great Basin y revelan especies que podrían estar impactadas por un continuo cambio en el paisaje. Estos hallazgos proveen información crucial para el manejo de hábitat y la conservación de especies. Palabras clave: aves de presa, cambio antropogénico, cambio de uso del suelo, ciencia comunitaria, desertificación.","PeriodicalId":54404,"journal":{"name":"Wilson Journal Of Ornithology","volume":"134 1","pages":"398 - 407"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44179725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT The Bobolink (Dolichonyx oryzivorus) is a long-distance migratory grassland songbird whose global population is in long-term decline, largely due to habitat loss and intensification of agricultural practices. To better understand the factors affecting their annual cycle, we used a known-age population of male Bobolinks (n = 121) breeding in agricultural grasslands of Vermont and explored how variation in plumage (extent of yellow in cap) and body morphology (body mass and wing length) explained variation in apparent survival. Bobolink body mass and wing length varied between years 2–5. Bobolink cap size did not change with age. However, none of the 3 morphological characters explained variation in apparent survival. Our results highlight the challenges associated with understanding variation in individual quality relative to age, particularly regarding factors that affect demographic processes in declining species. RESUMEN (Spanish) El tordo charlatán (Dolichonyx oryzivorus) es un ave canora de pastizal migratoria de larga distancia cuya población global está en declive a largo plazo, principalmente debido a la pérdida de hábitat y a la intensificación de las prácticas agrícolas. Para entender mejor los factores que afectan su ciclo anual, utilizamos una población con edad conocida de tordos charlatanes machos (n = 121) que se reproducían en pastizales agrícolas de Vermont y exploramos cómo la variación en su plumaje (la extensión del amarillo de su capucha) y la morfología corporal (masa corporal y longitud del ala) explicaban la variación en la sobrevivencia aparente. La masa corporal del tordo charlatán y la longitud del ala variaron entre los años 2–5. El tamaño de la capucha del tordo charlatán no tuvo variaciones con la edad. Sin embargo, ninguno de los 3 caracteres morfológicos explicaba la variación de sobrevivencia aparente. Nuestros resultados resaltan los desafíos asociados a entender la variación en la calidad de los individuos relativa a la edad, particularmente con respecto a factores que afectan procesos demográficos de especies en declive. Palabras clave: ala, Icteridae, masa, morfología, plumaje, Programa MARK, Vermont.
{"title":"Variation in body size and plumage does not explain apparent survival for a long-distance migratory songbird, the Bobolink (Dolichonyx oryzivorus)","authors":"Emma K. Burke, N. Perlut","doi":"10.1676/22-00038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1676/22-00038","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Bobolink (Dolichonyx oryzivorus) is a long-distance migratory grassland songbird whose global population is in long-term decline, largely due to habitat loss and intensification of agricultural practices. To better understand the factors affecting their annual cycle, we used a known-age population of male Bobolinks (n = 121) breeding in agricultural grasslands of Vermont and explored how variation in plumage (extent of yellow in cap) and body morphology (body mass and wing length) explained variation in apparent survival. Bobolink body mass and wing length varied between years 2–5. Bobolink cap size did not change with age. However, none of the 3 morphological characters explained variation in apparent survival. Our results highlight the challenges associated with understanding variation in individual quality relative to age, particularly regarding factors that affect demographic processes in declining species. RESUMEN (Spanish) El tordo charlatán (Dolichonyx oryzivorus) es un ave canora de pastizal migratoria de larga distancia cuya población global está en declive a largo plazo, principalmente debido a la pérdida de hábitat y a la intensificación de las prácticas agrícolas. Para entender mejor los factores que afectan su ciclo anual, utilizamos una población con edad conocida de tordos charlatanes machos (n = 121) que se reproducían en pastizales agrícolas de Vermont y exploramos cómo la variación en su plumaje (la extensión del amarillo de su capucha) y la morfología corporal (masa corporal y longitud del ala) explicaban la variación en la sobrevivencia aparente. La masa corporal del tordo charlatán y la longitud del ala variaron entre los años 2–5. El tamaño de la capucha del tordo charlatán no tuvo variaciones con la edad. Sin embargo, ninguno de los 3 caracteres morfológicos explicaba la variación de sobrevivencia aparente. Nuestros resultados resaltan los desafíos asociados a entender la variación en la calidad de los individuos relativa a la edad, particularmente con respecto a factores que afectan procesos demográficos de especies en declive. Palabras clave: ala, Icteridae, masa, morfología, plumaje, Programa MARK, Vermont.","PeriodicalId":54404,"journal":{"name":"Wilson Journal Of Ornithology","volume":"134 1","pages":"551 - 559"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48588922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
THE COMPLETE BIRDS OF THE WORLD. Norman Arlott and Ber van Perlo, principal illustrators. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey. 2021: 656 pages, 301 color plates, featuring 10,711 bird species. ISBN: 978-0-69119392-2. $65.00 (cloth).—First we were amazed by the 16-volume Lynx Handbook of the Birds of the World, completed in 2011. Then astounded by the 2-volume condensed version of that Lynx masterwork entitled Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World, published in 2014 and 2016. Now we have Princeton’s book that illustrates all of the world’s birds in a single volume. I suppose the next logical step is a smartphone app that features all the information and art found in the 16volume Lynx work...wait—Cornell and Lynx have now done that as well! And to think it all started with James Lee Peters and his Harvard-based world checklist, which required the hard labor of Peters, Ernst Mayr, Raymond Paynter, G. William Cottrell, and many family-level taxonomic contributors from the years 1931–1987. It seems the world has speeded up in producing world ornithologies. And when you add that
世界上最完整的鸟类。Norman Arlott和Ber van Perlo，主要插画师。普林斯顿大学出版社，普林斯顿，新泽西州。2021:656页，301色板，10,711种鸟类。ISBN: 978-0-69119392-2。65.00美元(布)。首先，我们对2011年完成的16卷《世界鸟类山猫手册》感到惊讶。然后被2014年和2016年出版的山猫杰作《世界鸟类插图清单》(Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World)的两卷本浓缩版惊呆了。现在我们有普林斯顿的书，在一卷书里展示了世界上所有的鸟类。我想下一个合乎逻辑的步骤是一个智能手机应用程序，其中包含了16卷Lynx作品中的所有信息和艺术……等等——康奈尔和Lynx现在也做到了!这一切都始于詹姆斯·李·彼得斯和他的哈佛世界清单，这需要彼得斯、恩斯特·迈尔、雷蒙德·佩恩特、g·威廉·科特雷尔以及从1931年到1987年的许多家庭分类学贡献者的辛勤劳动。世界似乎加快了编纂世界鸟类学的速度。当你加上这个
{"title":"The Complete Birds of the World.","authors":"B. Beehler","doi":"10.1676/22-00058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1676/22-00058","url":null,"abstract":"THE COMPLETE BIRDS OF THE WORLD. Norman Arlott and Ber van Perlo, principal illustrators. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey. 2021: 656 pages, 301 color plates, featuring 10,711 bird species. ISBN: 978-0-69119392-2. $65.00 (cloth).—First we were amazed by the 16-volume Lynx Handbook of the Birds of the World, completed in 2011. Then astounded by the 2-volume condensed version of that Lynx masterwork entitled Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World, published in 2014 and 2016. Now we have Princeton’s book that illustrates all of the world’s birds in a single volume. I suppose the next logical step is a smartphone app that features all the information and art found in the 16volume Lynx work...wait—Cornell and Lynx have now done that as well! And to think it all started with James Lee Peters and his Harvard-based world checklist, which required the hard labor of Peters, Ernst Mayr, Raymond Paynter, G. William Cottrell, and many family-level taxonomic contributors from the years 1931–1987. It seems the world has speeded up in producing world ornithologies. And when you add that","PeriodicalId":54404,"journal":{"name":"Wilson Journal Of Ornithology","volume":"134 1","pages":"567 - 568"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46147624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Caroline Wolfe-Merritt, L. Hartman, Evelyn M. Barragan, B. Hellman, Samuel Pigott, A. Rodríguez-Ferraro, Wendy P. Tori
ABSTRACT Nest building represents an important part of parental investment and can significantly impact reproductive success in many bird species. Tree Swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) are secondary cavity nesters that readily accept nest boxes and construct basic grass nest cups lined with molted feathers from other bird species. We identified and described the characteristics of the feathers used as nesting materials by Tree Swallows in 4 different habitats in Indiana and Ohio. We monitored 41 nest boxes in 2017 and 53 nest boxes in 2018. After chicks fledged, we collected feathers from nests, counted them, and characterized them by size, color, and type. Brown, medium length (5–10 cm), and contour feathers were significantly more common than other types of feathers. We compared the prevalence and characteristics of feathers in nests across different habitat types, with results showing that nests located near lakes had significantly more feathers than those in agricultural habitats. We identified which species feathers belonged to using molecular techniques and morphological comparisons and found that they belonged to 26 species from 19 families and 11 orders: Galliformes, Anseriformes, Columbiformes, Gruiformes, Charadriiformes, Pelecaniformes, Accipitriformes, Strigiformes, Piciformes, Cathartiformes, and Passeriformes, including 20 previously unreported species within those orders. Thus, feathers used as nest lining by Tree Swallows are more diverse than previously reported. Feather identities from each habitat matched avian communities in those areas, suggesting that Tree Swallows are generalist feather collectors and that the number and characteristics of feathers used as lining depends on feather availability near the nesting site. RESUMEN (Spanish) La construcción del nido representa una parte importante de la inversión parental y puede tener un impacto significativo sobre el éxito reproductivo de muchas especies de aves. La golondrina Tachycineta bicolor anida en cavidades secundarias, aceptando fácilmente cajas nido dentro de las que construyen un nido básico con hierbas en forma de taza y revestido con plumas de otras especies de aves. Identificamos y describimos las características de las plumas usadas como material del nido de T. bicolor en 4 hábitats diferentes en Indiana y Ohio. Monitoreamos 41 cajas nido en 2017 y 53 en 2018. Después que los pichones volaron del nido, recolectamos las plumas de los nidos, las contamos, y las caracterizamos por tamaño, color y tipo. Las plumas del contorno, marrones y de longitud media (5–10 cm) fueron significativamente más comunes que cualquier otro tipo de pluma. Comparamos la prevalencia y las características de las plumas entre nidos en diferentes tipos de hábitats, y los resultados mostraron que los nidos cerca de lagos contenían significativamente más plumas que los nidos de los hábitats agrícolas. Identificamos las plumas utilizando técnicas moleculares y comparaciones morfológicas, y encont
{"title":"Identity and characteristics of feathers used as lining in Tree Swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) nests in indiana and Ohio","authors":"Caroline Wolfe-Merritt, L. Hartman, Evelyn M. Barragan, B. Hellman, Samuel Pigott, A. Rodríguez-Ferraro, Wendy P. Tori","doi":"10.1676/22-00009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1676/22-00009","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Nest building represents an important part of parental investment and can significantly impact reproductive success in many bird species. Tree Swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) are secondary cavity nesters that readily accept nest boxes and construct basic grass nest cups lined with molted feathers from other bird species. We identified and described the characteristics of the feathers used as nesting materials by Tree Swallows in 4 different habitats in Indiana and Ohio. We monitored 41 nest boxes in 2017 and 53 nest boxes in 2018. After chicks fledged, we collected feathers from nests, counted them, and characterized them by size, color, and type. Brown, medium length (5–10 cm), and contour feathers were significantly more common than other types of feathers. We compared the prevalence and characteristics of feathers in nests across different habitat types, with results showing that nests located near lakes had significantly more feathers than those in agricultural habitats. We identified which species feathers belonged to using molecular techniques and morphological comparisons and found that they belonged to 26 species from 19 families and 11 orders: Galliformes, Anseriformes, Columbiformes, Gruiformes, Charadriiformes, Pelecaniformes, Accipitriformes, Strigiformes, Piciformes, Cathartiformes, and Passeriformes, including 20 previously unreported species within those orders. Thus, feathers used as nest lining by Tree Swallows are more diverse than previously reported. Feather identities from each habitat matched avian communities in those areas, suggesting that Tree Swallows are generalist feather collectors and that the number and characteristics of feathers used as lining depends on feather availability near the nesting site. RESUMEN (Spanish) La construcción del nido representa una parte importante de la inversión parental y puede tener un impacto significativo sobre el éxito reproductivo de muchas especies de aves. La golondrina Tachycineta bicolor anida en cavidades secundarias, aceptando fácilmente cajas nido dentro de las que construyen un nido básico con hierbas en forma de taza y revestido con plumas de otras especies de aves. Identificamos y describimos las características de las plumas usadas como material del nido de T. bicolor en 4 hábitats diferentes en Indiana y Ohio. Monitoreamos 41 cajas nido en 2017 y 53 en 2018. Después que los pichones volaron del nido, recolectamos las plumas de los nidos, las contamos, y las caracterizamos por tamaño, color y tipo. Las plumas del contorno, marrones y de longitud media (5–10 cm) fueron significativamente más comunes que cualquier otro tipo de pluma. Comparamos la prevalencia y las características de las plumas entre nidos en diferentes tipos de hábitats, y los resultados mostraron que los nidos cerca de lagos contenían significativamente más plumas que los nidos de los hábitats agrícolas. Identificamos las plumas utilizando técnicas moleculares y comparaciones morfológicas, y encont","PeriodicalId":54404,"journal":{"name":"Wilson Journal Of Ornithology","volume":"134 1","pages":"473 - 484"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42685952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT According to the MacArthur-Wilson model of Island Biogeography, the species richness on a given island should be a function of the size of the island and its distance from the mainland. Following this, one might therefore expect that the likelihood that a small songbird species would nest on a given island in a large freshwater lake would similarly be a function of island size and distance to the mainland. We tested this by installing a single nest box on each of 37 islands in Lake Norman, North Carolina, in the fall of 2019. We hypothesized that Carolina Chickadees (Poecile carolinensis) would be more likely to nest in boxes on islands that are large and/or close to the mainland. Combining our results from 2020 and 2021, we found that neither island size, distance to the mainland, nor an interaction between the two explained the presence of breeding chickadees on islands. RESUMEN (Spanish) De acuerdo con el modelo de biogeografía de islas de MacArthur y Wilson, la riqueza de especies en una isla dada debería ser función del tamaño de la isla y su distancia a tierra firme. Siguiendo esto, uno podría esperar de manera similar que la probabilidad de que una especie pequeña de ave canora anide en una isla dada en un gran lago de agua dulce sería una función del tamaño de la isla y su distancia a tierra firme. Sometimos esta premisa a prueba, instalando una única caja-nido en cada una de 37 islas del lago Norman en North Carolina en el otoño de 2019. Hipotetizamos que los carboneros Poecile carolinensis serían más proclives a anidar en cajas-nido en islas que son grandes y/o cercanas a tierra firme. Combinando nuestros resultados de 2020 y 2021, encontramos que ni el tamaño de la isla, la distancia a tierra firme o la interacción de las 2 explicó la presencia de carboneros anidando en islas. Palabras clave: biogeografía de islas, cajas-nido, MacArthur y Wilson.
{"title":"Nesting of Carolina Chickadees (Poecile carolinensis) on islands in a large freshwater lake not significantly influenced by island size or distance to mainland","authors":"M. Stanback, G. Vaughan, Zane Libke","doi":"10.1676/21-00105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1676/21-00105","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT According to the MacArthur-Wilson model of Island Biogeography, the species richness on a given island should be a function of the size of the island and its distance from the mainland. Following this, one might therefore expect that the likelihood that a small songbird species would nest on a given island in a large freshwater lake would similarly be a function of island size and distance to the mainland. We tested this by installing a single nest box on each of 37 islands in Lake Norman, North Carolina, in the fall of 2019. We hypothesized that Carolina Chickadees (Poecile carolinensis) would be more likely to nest in boxes on islands that are large and/or close to the mainland. Combining our results from 2020 and 2021, we found that neither island size, distance to the mainland, nor an interaction between the two explained the presence of breeding chickadees on islands. RESUMEN (Spanish) De acuerdo con el modelo de biogeografía de islas de MacArthur y Wilson, la riqueza de especies en una isla dada debería ser función del tamaño de la isla y su distancia a tierra firme. Siguiendo esto, uno podría esperar de manera similar que la probabilidad de que una especie pequeña de ave canora anide en una isla dada en un gran lago de agua dulce sería una función del tamaño de la isla y su distancia a tierra firme. Sometimos esta premisa a prueba, instalando una única caja-nido en cada una de 37 islas del lago Norman en North Carolina en el otoño de 2019. Hipotetizamos que los carboneros Poecile carolinensis serían más proclives a anidar en cajas-nido en islas que son grandes y/o cercanas a tierra firme. Combinando nuestros resultados de 2020 y 2021, encontramos que ni el tamaño de la isla, la distancia a tierra firme o la interacción de las 2 explicó la presencia de carboneros anidando en islas. Palabras clave: biogeografía de islas, cajas-nido, MacArthur y Wilson.","PeriodicalId":54404,"journal":{"name":"Wilson Journal Of Ornithology","volume":"134 1","pages":"541 - 545"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42634203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Weicheng Yang, J. Ran, Tao Peng, Yu Xu, Gang Xiang, Yin Yi, Yu Jiang, Xin Chai, Shulin Yang
ABSTRACT We discovered a population of the Near Threatened Hume's Pheasant (Syrmaticus humiae) in the Ziyun County of Anshun City in 2016. Land and forestry administrators jointly proposed establishing a nature reserve for the conservation of this population. We conducted surveys and a habitat suitability assessment of this pheasant in support of the conservation strategy planning and proposed nature reserve. Our results suggest that this pheasant uses heavily disturbed, open canopy, broad-leaved forests at a certain distance to roads on northwest- to north-facing slopes. It also uses sparse canopy forests on moderate to steep slopes below elevations of 1,050 m near water. The use of heavily disturbed, open canopy forests of this pheasant population is not consistent with reports from the literature. This could be a response of this population to available disturbed habitat. This population may be part of an undiscovered population of the wildlife management units of Guangxi and Guizhou. Understanding habitat requirements of this species warrants further investigations, e.g., genetic tests such as sequencing of mitochondrial DNA to compare with other populations and assessment of its population status, patterns of habitat use, and interactions with heavily disturbed habitats.
{"title":"Habitat suitability assessment for the Near Threatened Hume's Pheasant (Syrmaticus humiae) in a new distribution location in southwestern China","authors":"Weicheng Yang, J. Ran, Tao Peng, Yu Xu, Gang Xiang, Yin Yi, Yu Jiang, Xin Chai, Shulin Yang","doi":"10.1676/21-00058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1676/21-00058","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We discovered a population of the Near Threatened Hume's Pheasant (Syrmaticus humiae) in the Ziyun County of Anshun City in 2016. Land and forestry administrators jointly proposed establishing a nature reserve for the conservation of this population. We conducted surveys and a habitat suitability assessment of this pheasant in support of the conservation strategy planning and proposed nature reserve. Our results suggest that this pheasant uses heavily disturbed, open canopy, broad-leaved forests at a certain distance to roads on northwest- to north-facing slopes. It also uses sparse canopy forests on moderate to steep slopes below elevations of 1,050 m near water. The use of heavily disturbed, open canopy forests of this pheasant population is not consistent with reports from the literature. This could be a response of this population to available disturbed habitat. This population may be part of an undiscovered population of the wildlife management units of Guangxi and Guizhou. Understanding habitat requirements of this species warrants further investigations, e.g., genetic tests such as sequencing of mitochondrial DNA to compare with other populations and assessment of its population status, patterns of habitat use, and interactions with heavily disturbed habitats.","PeriodicalId":54404,"journal":{"name":"Wilson Journal Of Ornithology","volume":"134 1","pages":"408 - 415"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47594954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. DeSaix, Eileen B. Connell, Nandadevi Cortes-Rodriguez, K. E. Omland, P. Marra, Colin E. Studds
ABSTRACT Migratory tracking of genetically distinct populations can be used to develop conservation strategies that prioritize the protection of unique genetic lineages across the annual cycle. In North America, the island of Newfoundland harbors populations of numerous species that are genetically differentiated from populations in mainland North America. The American Redstart (Setophaga ruticilla) is a widespread Neotropical migratory songbird that breeds across North America and has a mitochondrial haplogroup unique to the Newfoundland breeding population. Stable-hydrogen isotope analyses have broadly identified the Caribbean islands as the nonbreeding locations for American Redstarts breeding in northeastern North America, but the specific nonbreeding sites for the Newfoundland breeding population remain unclear. The objective of this study was to use mitochondrial haplogroups to elucidate nonbreeding locations of the Newfoundland population of the American Redstart. We sampled 180 individuals from 9 locations across the Caribbean and sequenced the mitochondrial control region. We identified 4 individuals with the Newfoundland haplogroup in Puerto Rico (n = 3) and the Dominican Republic (n = 1). However, we primarily detected individuals with other haplogroups at these 2 nonbreeding sites. Our results suggest that the Newfoundland breeding population of the American Redstart has a restricted nonbreeding range (Puerto Rico and Dominican Republic) and mixes with individuals from other breeding populations at these sites. These findings contribute to a better understanding of how American Redstart populations are connected across the annual cycle, improving our understanding of population ecology and evolution. RESUMEN (Spanish) El rastreo migratorio de poblaciones genéticamente diferenciadas puede ser usado para desarrollar estrategias de conservación que prioricen la protección de linajes genéticos únicos a lo largo del ciclo anual. En América del Norte, la isla de Terranova alberga poblaciones de numerosas especies que se diferencian genéticamente de la tierra firme de América del Norte. La candelita norteña (Setophaga ruticilla) es un ave canora migratoria neotropical que se reproduce a lo largo de Norteamérica y tiene un haplotipo mitocondrial único para la población reproductiva de Terranova. Análisis de isótopos estables de hidrógeno han identificado ampliamente las islas del Caribe como sitios no reproductivos para poblaciones de candelita norteña que se reproducen en América del Norte, pero los sitios no reproductivos específicos para las poblaciones que se reproducen en Terranova todavía no se conocen. El objetivo de este estudio era usar el haplotipo mitocondrial para dilucidar sitios de no reproducción para las poblaciones de candelita norteña que se reproducen en Terranova. Se muestrearon 180 individuos de 9 localidades a lo largo del Caribe y secuenciamos la región control de sus mitocondrias. Identificamos 4 individuos con el hapl
{"title":"Migratory connectivity in a Newfoundland population of the American Redstart (Setophaga ruticilla)","authors":"M. DeSaix, Eileen B. Connell, Nandadevi Cortes-Rodriguez, K. E. Omland, P. Marra, Colin E. Studds","doi":"10.1676/22-00004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1676/22-00004","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Migratory tracking of genetically distinct populations can be used to develop conservation strategies that prioritize the protection of unique genetic lineages across the annual cycle. In North America, the island of Newfoundland harbors populations of numerous species that are genetically differentiated from populations in mainland North America. The American Redstart (Setophaga ruticilla) is a widespread Neotropical migratory songbird that breeds across North America and has a mitochondrial haplogroup unique to the Newfoundland breeding population. Stable-hydrogen isotope analyses have broadly identified the Caribbean islands as the nonbreeding locations for American Redstarts breeding in northeastern North America, but the specific nonbreeding sites for the Newfoundland breeding population remain unclear. The objective of this study was to use mitochondrial haplogroups to elucidate nonbreeding locations of the Newfoundland population of the American Redstart. We sampled 180 individuals from 9 locations across the Caribbean and sequenced the mitochondrial control region. We identified 4 individuals with the Newfoundland haplogroup in Puerto Rico (n = 3) and the Dominican Republic (n = 1). However, we primarily detected individuals with other haplogroups at these 2 nonbreeding sites. Our results suggest that the Newfoundland breeding population of the American Redstart has a restricted nonbreeding range (Puerto Rico and Dominican Republic) and mixes with individuals from other breeding populations at these sites. These findings contribute to a better understanding of how American Redstart populations are connected across the annual cycle, improving our understanding of population ecology and evolution. RESUMEN (Spanish) El rastreo migratorio de poblaciones genéticamente diferenciadas puede ser usado para desarrollar estrategias de conservación que prioricen la protección de linajes genéticos únicos a lo largo del ciclo anual. En América del Norte, la isla de Terranova alberga poblaciones de numerosas especies que se diferencian genéticamente de la tierra firme de América del Norte. La candelita norteña (Setophaga ruticilla) es un ave canora migratoria neotropical que se reproduce a lo largo de Norteamérica y tiene un haplotipo mitocondrial único para la población reproductiva de Terranova. Análisis de isótopos estables de hidrógeno han identificado ampliamente las islas del Caribe como sitios no reproductivos para poblaciones de candelita norteña que se reproducen en América del Norte, pero los sitios no reproductivos específicos para las poblaciones que se reproducen en Terranova todavía no se conocen. El objetivo de este estudio era usar el haplotipo mitocondrial para dilucidar sitios de no reproducción para las poblaciones de candelita norteña que se reproducen en Terranova. Se muestrearon 180 individuos de 9 localidades a lo largo del Caribe y secuenciamos la región control de sus mitocondrias. Identificamos 4 individuos con el hapl","PeriodicalId":54404,"journal":{"name":"Wilson Journal Of Ornithology","volume":"134 1","pages":"381 - 389"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48070376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT Vital rates can provide important insights into management effects on wildlife populations. However, for many North American birds, especially woodpeckers (Picidae), vital rates are not well documented. Here, we estimated adult annual survival of the White-headed Woodpecker (Dryobates albolarvatus) across a 10 year period (2011–2021) in managed ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) forests along the eastern slope of the Cascade Range in Washington, USA. We banded male and female woodpeckers with unique color band combinations and resighted them on breeding territories from March to July in each year. We banded 116 woodpeckers, most of which we aged as hatch-year (n = 49) or second-year (n = 32) when banded, and all were past the critical dependence period when mortality is highest. We estimated recapture and annual survival probabilities for 33 breeding males and 24 breeding females using open-population Cormack-Jolly-Seber models that included 2 covariates: age at first capture (AGE) and sex (SEX). We combined birds into 3 AGE classes: class 1 (hatch-year), class 2 (second-year and after hatch-year), and class 3 (≥ after second-year). Female recapture probabilities were higher than males, although both were >0.85. AGE class 1 birds had the lowest recapture probabilities, but the estimates were imprecise. Survival probabilities were >0.80 for all birds, regardless of which model we evaluated. These survival estimates could be inflated because some adults that are nonbreeders and dispersed from the study area may have lower rates of survival. We did not find any evidence of differences in survival probabilities by SEX or AGE. Our results suggested that, despite managed ponderosa pine stands having trees smaller in diameter and greater in density than historical stands, White-headed Woodpeckers had a high probability of surviving year to year in this forest type. RESUMEN (Spanish) Las tasas vitales pueden proveer una visión de los efectos del manejo en poblaciones de fauna silvestre. Sin embargo, para muchas aves de Norteamérica, especialmente para carpinteros (Picidae), dichas tasas vitales no están bien documentadas. Aquí estimamos la sobrevivencia anual del carpintero Dryobates albolarvatus a lo largo de un periodo de 10 años (2011–2021) en bosques manejados de pino ponderosa (Pinus ponderosa) en la vertiente este de la cordillera Cascade en Washington, EUA. Anillamos machos y hembras de carpintero con combinaciones únicas de anillos de colores y los re-observamos en sus territorios reproductivos de marzo–julio de cada año. Anillamos 116 carpinteros, la mayoría de los cuales determinamos como del primer año (n = 49) o del segundo año (n = 32) al momento de ser anillados y todos habían pasado el periodo de dependencia crítica cuando la mortandad es más alta. Estimamos probabilidades de recaptura y sobrevivencia anual de 33 machos y 24 hembras reproductivos usando modelos Cormack-Jolly-Seber para poblaciones abiertas que incluyeron 2 covariabl
生命率可以为野生动物种群的管理效果提供重要的见解。然而，对于许多北美鸟类，特别是啄木鸟(Picidae)，生命率没有很好的记录。在这里，我们估计了10年间(2011-2021年)在美国华盛顿喀斯喀特山脉东坡管理的黄松森林中白头啄木鸟(Dryobates albolarvatus)的成虫年存活率。每年3月至7月，我们用不同的色带组合将雄性和雌性啄木鸟绑在一起，并在繁殖地对它们进行重新定位。我们对116只啄木鸟进行了条带化处理，其中大部分在孵化年(n = 49)或第二年(n = 32)进行了条带化处理，所有的啄木鸟都超过了死亡率最高的关键依赖期。我们使用开放种群Cormack-Jolly-Seber模型估计了33只繁殖雄性和24只繁殖雌性的再捕获率和年生存率，该模型包含2个变量:首次捕获年龄(age)和性别(sex)。我们将鸟类分为3个AGE类:1类(孵化年)、2类(孵化年及以后)和3类(孵化年以上)。女性的再捕获概率高于男性，尽管两者都是bb0.85。AGE 1类鸟类的再捕获概率最低，但估计并不精确。无论我们评估哪种模型，所有鸟类的生存概率都是>.80。这些存活率估计可能被夸大了，因为一些不繁殖的成年鸟和分散在研究区域的成年鸟的存活率可能更低。我们没有发现任何证据表明性别或年龄在生存率上存在差异。我们的研究结果表明，尽管管理的黄松林分的树木直径比历史林分小，密度比历史林分大，但白头啄木鸟在这种林分中年复一年的存活率很高。resume(西班牙语)Las tasas vitales pueden proveer una visión de los effectos del manejo en poblaciones de fauna silvestre。在禁运期间，北部湾地区，特别是北部湾地区(Picidae)，都有一些重要的文件。Aquí estimamos la sobrevivencia annual del carpintero Dryobates albolarvatus a lo largo de un periodo de 10 años (2011-2021) en bosques manejados de pino ponderosa (Pinus ponderosa) en la vertiente este de la cordillera Cascade in Washington, EUA。在这一过程中，我们可以观察到许多不同的颜色，例如，我们可以观察到许多不同的颜色，例如，我们可以观察到许多不同的区域，例如，我们可以观察到许多不同的颜色，例如，我们可以观察到许多不同的颜色。Anillamos 116 carpinteros, la mayoría de los cuales determinamos como del primer año (n = 49) o del segundo año (n = 32) o momento de ser anillados y todos habían pasado el periodo de dependencia crítica cuando la mortandes más alta。本文对33只雄性、24只生殖胚胎的年捕获概率进行了估计，并采用Cormack-Jolly-Seber模型，包括2个协变量:初始捕获年龄(AGE)和性别(SEX)。Combinamos estas有3类AGE:第1类(del primer año)、第2类(del segundo año y despu del segundo año)和第3类(≥despu del segundo año)。Las probabilidades de recaptura de hembras fueron más altas que Las de los machos, unque ambas fueron >.85。Las aves de la class1 de AGE tuvieron la más haja probabilidad de recaptura, unique estas estimaciones fueron imprecisas。本文采用独立模型模型进行了求解。Estas estimaciones de sobrevivenia podrían estar infladones algunos adultos que son on无生殖力，通过分散研究área de estudio podrían tener tasas de sobrevivenia más bajas。性别和年龄的差异在短静脉栓塞的可能性方面没有矛盾的证据。都resultados sugieren,如果好las parcelas plantaciones•德•皮诺杰克终于控制tienen arboles de diametros menores y至少densidades,拉斯维加斯parcelas historicas,且这些carpinteros tienen una alta probabilidad de sobrevivencia另反对另在埃斯特蒂波德博斯克。Palabras clave: anillos de color, capture -recaptura, estimaciones de sobrevivencia, parcelas de pino, Washington。
{"title":"Annual survival of adult White-headed Woodpeckers (Dryobates albolarvatus) in ponderosa pine forest with a history of forest management","authors":"J. Kozma, A. J. Kroll, Kevin S Lucas","doi":"10.1676/22-00014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1676/22-00014","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Vital rates can provide important insights into management effects on wildlife populations. However, for many North American birds, especially woodpeckers (Picidae), vital rates are not well documented. Here, we estimated adult annual survival of the White-headed Woodpecker (Dryobates albolarvatus) across a 10 year period (2011–2021) in managed ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) forests along the eastern slope of the Cascade Range in Washington, USA. We banded male and female woodpeckers with unique color band combinations and resighted them on breeding territories from March to July in each year. We banded 116 woodpeckers, most of which we aged as hatch-year (n = 49) or second-year (n = 32) when banded, and all were past the critical dependence period when mortality is highest. We estimated recapture and annual survival probabilities for 33 breeding males and 24 breeding females using open-population Cormack-Jolly-Seber models that included 2 covariates: age at first capture (AGE) and sex (SEX). We combined birds into 3 AGE classes: class 1 (hatch-year), class 2 (second-year and after hatch-year), and class 3 (≥ after second-year). Female recapture probabilities were higher than males, although both were >0.85. AGE class 1 birds had the lowest recapture probabilities, but the estimates were imprecise. Survival probabilities were >0.80 for all birds, regardless of which model we evaluated. These survival estimates could be inflated because some adults that are nonbreeders and dispersed from the study area may have lower rates of survival. We did not find any evidence of differences in survival probabilities by SEX or AGE. Our results suggested that, despite managed ponderosa pine stands having trees smaller in diameter and greater in density than historical stands, White-headed Woodpeckers had a high probability of surviving year to year in this forest type. RESUMEN (Spanish) Las tasas vitales pueden proveer una visión de los efectos del manejo en poblaciones de fauna silvestre. Sin embargo, para muchas aves de Norteamérica, especialmente para carpinteros (Picidae), dichas tasas vitales no están bien documentadas. Aquí estimamos la sobrevivencia anual del carpintero Dryobates albolarvatus a lo largo de un periodo de 10 años (2011–2021) en bosques manejados de pino ponderosa (Pinus ponderosa) en la vertiente este de la cordillera Cascade en Washington, EUA. Anillamos machos y hembras de carpintero con combinaciones únicas de anillos de colores y los re-observamos en sus territorios reproductivos de marzo–julio de cada año. Anillamos 116 carpinteros, la mayoría de los cuales determinamos como del primer año (n = 49) o del segundo año (n = 32) al momento de ser anillados y todos habían pasado el periodo de dependencia crítica cuando la mortandad es más alta. Estimamos probabilidades de recaptura y sobrevivencia anual de 33 machos y 24 hembras reproductivos usando modelos Cormack-Jolly-Seber para poblaciones abiertas que incluyeron 2 covariabl","PeriodicalId":54404,"journal":{"name":"Wilson Journal Of Ornithology","volume":"134 1","pages":"485 - 494"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47269717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Daniel Taylor, B. Kluever, J. Humphrey, Iona M. Hennessy, Amber Sutton, W. E. Bruce, A. Piaggio
ABSTRACT Studies that rely on noninvasive collection of DNA for birds often use feces or feathers. Some birds, such as vultures, regurgitate undigested matter in the form of pellets that are commonly found under roost sites. Our research demonstrates that regurgitated pellets are a viable, noninvasive source of DNA for molecular ecology studies of vultures. Our objectives were to amplify 5 microsatellite loci designed for distinguishing Turkey Vultures (Cathartes aura) and Black Vultures (Coragyps atratus) in a single, multiplexed PCR, and to determine how long the target nuclear DNA persists after a vulture pellet is regurgitated and exposed to the environment. We collected pellets from captive Black Vultures and placed them in an outdoor aviary for a maximum estimated total of 12, 24, 36, or 48 h. We swabbed pellet surfaces for extraction and amplified vulture DNA using the panel of markers. All amplified alleles fell within predicted ranges of Black Vultures for all 5 loci, supporting the use of this microsatellite panel for vulture species identification. Overall amplification success for samples collected 0–12 h after regurgitation was 82.3%. Pellets collected 12–24 h, 24–36 h, and 36–48 h after regurgitation had only 18%, 10.2%, and 4.5% amplification success, respectively, which may have been due to a rain event. Our approach will be useful for noninvasive genetic sampling targeting nuclear DNA. These results should encourage noninvasive genetic sampling studies of other species that regurgitate pellets, such as raptors, water birds, or shorebirds. RESUMEN (Spanish) Estudios que dependen de colecta no invasiva de ADN de aves muchas veces utilizan heces o plumas. Algunas aves, como los zopilotes, regurgitan materia sin digerir en forma de egagrópilas que se encuentran comúnmente bajo los dormideros. Nuestra investigación muestra que las egagrópilas regurgitadas son una fuente de ADN viable y no invasiva para estudios de ecología molecular de zopilotes. Nuestros objetivos fueron amplificar 5 loci microsatelitales diseñados para distinguir aura gallipavo (Cathartes aura) y zopilote negro (Coragyps atratus) en un solo PCR múltiple así como determinar cuánto tiempo persiste el ADN nuclear blanco después de que una egagrópila de zopilote es regurgitada y expuesta al ambiente. Colectamos egagrópilas de zopilotes negros en cautiverio y las colocamos en un aviario al aire libre durante un tiempo máximo estimado de 12, 24, 36 y 48 h. Realizamos un frotis de la superficie de las egagrópilas para una extracción y amplificación del ADN de los zopilotes usando el panel de marcadores. Todos los alelos amplificados cayeron en los rangos predichos para los zopilotes negros para todos los 5 loci, lo que apoya el uso de este panel de microsatélites para identificación de especies de zopilotes. El éxito general de amplificación de muestras colectadas de muestras colectadas 0-12 h después de regurgitadas fue de 82.3%. Las egagrópilas colectadas 12–24 h, 24–36
{"title":"Amplification of Black Vulture (Coragyps atratus) DNA from regurgitated food pellets","authors":"Daniel Taylor, B. Kluever, J. Humphrey, Iona M. Hennessy, Amber Sutton, W. E. Bruce, A. Piaggio","doi":"10.1676/22-00001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1676/22-00001","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Studies that rely on noninvasive collection of DNA for birds often use feces or feathers. Some birds, such as vultures, regurgitate undigested matter in the form of pellets that are commonly found under roost sites. Our research demonstrates that regurgitated pellets are a viable, noninvasive source of DNA for molecular ecology studies of vultures. Our objectives were to amplify 5 microsatellite loci designed for distinguishing Turkey Vultures (Cathartes aura) and Black Vultures (Coragyps atratus) in a single, multiplexed PCR, and to determine how long the target nuclear DNA persists after a vulture pellet is regurgitated and exposed to the environment. We collected pellets from captive Black Vultures and placed them in an outdoor aviary for a maximum estimated total of 12, 24, 36, or 48 h. We swabbed pellet surfaces for extraction and amplified vulture DNA using the panel of markers. All amplified alleles fell within predicted ranges of Black Vultures for all 5 loci, supporting the use of this microsatellite panel for vulture species identification. Overall amplification success for samples collected 0–12 h after regurgitation was 82.3%. Pellets collected 12–24 h, 24–36 h, and 36–48 h after regurgitation had only 18%, 10.2%, and 4.5% amplification success, respectively, which may have been due to a rain event. Our approach will be useful for noninvasive genetic sampling targeting nuclear DNA. These results should encourage noninvasive genetic sampling studies of other species that regurgitate pellets, such as raptors, water birds, or shorebirds. RESUMEN (Spanish) Estudios que dependen de colecta no invasiva de ADN de aves muchas veces utilizan heces o plumas. Algunas aves, como los zopilotes, regurgitan materia sin digerir en forma de egagrópilas que se encuentran comúnmente bajo los dormideros. Nuestra investigación muestra que las egagrópilas regurgitadas son una fuente de ADN viable y no invasiva para estudios de ecología molecular de zopilotes. Nuestros objetivos fueron amplificar 5 loci microsatelitales diseñados para distinguir aura gallipavo (Cathartes aura) y zopilote negro (Coragyps atratus) en un solo PCR múltiple así como determinar cuánto tiempo persiste el ADN nuclear blanco después de que una egagrópila de zopilote es regurgitada y expuesta al ambiente. Colectamos egagrópilas de zopilotes negros en cautiverio y las colocamos en un aviario al aire libre durante un tiempo máximo estimado de 12, 24, 36 y 48 h. Realizamos un frotis de la superficie de las egagrópilas para una extracción y amplificación del ADN de los zopilotes usando el panel de marcadores. Todos los alelos amplificados cayeron en los rangos predichos para los zopilotes negros para todos los 5 loci, lo que apoya el uso de este panel de microsatélites para identificación de especies de zopilotes. El éxito general de amplificación de muestras colectadas de muestras colectadas 0-12 h después de regurgitadas fue de 82.3%. Las egagrópilas colectadas 12–24 h, 24–36 ","PeriodicalId":54404,"journal":{"name":"Wilson Journal Of Ornithology","volume":"134 1","pages":"546 - 551"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48742804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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