In 2011 while walking to the top of Great Blue Hill in Canton, Massachusetts, the first author found a small tree approximately 2–3 m tall. The leaves of the tree were alternate with doubly serrate margins, somewhat reminiscent of beech or birch but not matching either genus. The bark of the tree displayed prominent lenticels. The tree could not be identified using any of the floras of the region. While conducting research in Harvard’s Arnold Arboretum, the first author noticed that the tree on Great Blue Hill morphologically matched planted specimens of Sorbus alnifolia (Siebold & Zucc.) K. Koch and also fit the description of the species in Dirr (2009). Eight years later, on November 1, 2019, the Great Blue Hill site was revisited, the tree was found still extant and healthy, a specimen was collected, and a twig was brought to the second author, who confirmed the identification. The S. alnifolia occurs on the path from the Blue Hills Trailside Museum to the summit of Great Blue Hill and the Eliot Tower at approximately 4281301.82 00 N, 7180657.85 00 W. The location of this plant seems entirely natural and the S. alnifolia did not appear planted. The Korean mountain ash co-occurs with Pinus strobus L., Vaccinium angustifolium Ait., Acer rubrum L., Comptonia peregrina (L.) Coult., and Betula lenta L. This collection of Sorbus alnifolia is the first record of the tree in Norfolk Co., Massachusetts, and the only occurrence in North America known outside of Boston, Suffolk Co., Massachusetts, in the wild (Cullina et al. 2011). USDA, NRCS (2019) and other continent-wide references do not report the species as naturalized.
{"title":"Korean Mountain Ash (Sorbus alnifolia, Rosaceae) on Great Blue Hill in Canton, Massachusetts","authors":"B. Connolly, M. Brand","doi":"10.3119/20-06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3119/20-06","url":null,"abstract":"In 2011 while walking to the top of Great Blue Hill in Canton, Massachusetts, the first author found a small tree approximately 2–3 m tall. The leaves of the tree were alternate with doubly serrate margins, somewhat reminiscent of beech or birch but not matching either genus. The bark of the tree displayed prominent lenticels. The tree could not be identified using any of the floras of the region. While conducting research in Harvard’s Arnold Arboretum, the first author noticed that the tree on Great Blue Hill morphologically matched planted specimens of Sorbus alnifolia (Siebold & Zucc.) K. Koch and also fit the description of the species in Dirr (2009). Eight years later, on November 1, 2019, the Great Blue Hill site was revisited, the tree was found still extant and healthy, a specimen was collected, and a twig was brought to the second author, who confirmed the identification. The S. alnifolia occurs on the path from the Blue Hills Trailside Museum to the summit of Great Blue Hill and the Eliot Tower at approximately 4281301.82 00 N, 7180657.85 00 W. The location of this plant seems entirely natural and the S. alnifolia did not appear planted. The Korean mountain ash co-occurs with Pinus strobus L., Vaccinium angustifolium Ait., Acer rubrum L., Comptonia peregrina (L.) Coult., and Betula lenta L. This collection of Sorbus alnifolia is the first record of the tree in Norfolk Co., Massachusetts, and the only occurrence in North America known outside of Boston, Suffolk Co., Massachusetts, in the wild (Cullina et al. 2011). USDA, NRCS (2019) and other continent-wide references do not report the species as naturalized.","PeriodicalId":54454,"journal":{"name":"Rhodora","volume":"122 1","pages":"114 - 115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43304488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pyrus 3calleryana Decne., or Callery pear, is a native of China and Korea that has been widely planted as an ornamental street tree in the eastern United States (Dirr 2009). It has become widely established as a wild species in North America, now ranging from New Hampshire to Texas, and several states consider the Callery pear an invasive plant (Natural Resources Conservation Service 2020). In New England, it has been documented in Massachusetts, Connecticut, and New Hampshire (Haines 2011). We observed in Connecticut that P. 3calleryana appeared to be more common than reported and conducted a survey to assess the species’ true range in New England. While conducting these surveys near the Buckland Hills Mall in Manchester, Connecticut, we noticed a Callery pear-like tree with large fruits. The tree was growing in an unmowed thicket with several other weedy species. Wild individuals of Callery pear are frequent around the mall and along Interstate 84 a short distance away. The large-fruited tree was approximately 3 m tall with a stem about 10 cm in diameter. The tree was quite prolific, bearing hundreds of round fruits 4–6 cm in diameter, much larger than the typical 1 cm fruits of Callery pear. Common pear, Pyrus communis L., the other species that can typically be found in Connecticut (Dreyer et al. 2013), does not have round fruits. The combination of the large size and round shape led to the conclusion that the tree was probably a hybrid of P.3calleryana and P. communis. The fruits of the likely hybrid tree were bitter and astringent and had numerous sclereids, giving the flesh a very gritty texture, traits that confirmed the Callery pear parentage. Catling and Mitrow (2014) reported that several larger-fruited specimens that appear close to P. 3calleryana are known throughout the North American range of the species and hypothesized that these individuals may be hybrids involving P. bretschneideri Rehder or P. communis. While P. communis
梨属植物。在美国东部，它作为一种装饰性的行道树被广泛种植(Dirr 2009)。它在北美已被广泛认定为一种野生物种，现在从新罕布什尔州到德克萨斯州都有分布，有几个州认为卡勒里梨是一种入侵植物(自然资源保护局2020年)。在新英格兰，马萨诸塞州、康涅狄格州和新罕布什尔州都有记录(Haines 2011)。我们在康涅狄格州观察到P. 3calleryana似乎比报道的更常见，并进行了一项调查，以评估该物种在新英格兰的真实范围。在康涅狄格州曼彻斯特的巴克兰山购物中心附近进行这些调查时，我们注意到一棵像梨一样的树，上面结着大大的果实。这棵树和其他几种杂草一起生长在未修剪的灌木丛中。野生的卡勒里梨经常出现在购物中心周围和84号州际公路附近。这棵大果树高约3米，茎直径约10厘米。这棵树非常多产，结出了数百个直径4-6厘米的圆形果实，比典型的1厘米的果要大得多。普通的梨，Pyrus communis L.，是康涅狄格州常见的另一种梨(Dreyer et al. 2013)，没有圆形的果实。大尺寸和圆形状的结合使我们得出结论，这棵树可能是P.3calleryana和P. communis的杂交品种。这棵可能是杂交树的果实又苦又涩，有许多硬核，使果肉具有非常坚韧的质地，这些特征证实了卡勒里梨的血统。Catling和Mitrow(2014)报告说，在该物种的整个北美范围内，已知几个看起来与P. 3calleryana接近的较大的果实标本，并假设这些个体可能是P. bretschneideri Rehder或P. communis的杂交品种。而P. communis
{"title":"A Likely Pyrus ×Calleryana × Communis (Rosaceae) Hybrid Found in Connecticut","authors":"B. Connolly, Katana Boutiette","doi":"10.3119/20-17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3119/20-17","url":null,"abstract":"Pyrus 3calleryana Decne., or Callery pear, is a native of China and Korea that has been widely planted as an ornamental street tree in the eastern United States (Dirr 2009). It has become widely established as a wild species in North America, now ranging from New Hampshire to Texas, and several states consider the Callery pear an invasive plant (Natural Resources Conservation Service 2020). In New England, it has been documented in Massachusetts, Connecticut, and New Hampshire (Haines 2011). We observed in Connecticut that P. 3calleryana appeared to be more common than reported and conducted a survey to assess the species’ true range in New England. While conducting these surveys near the Buckland Hills Mall in Manchester, Connecticut, we noticed a Callery pear-like tree with large fruits. The tree was growing in an unmowed thicket with several other weedy species. Wild individuals of Callery pear are frequent around the mall and along Interstate 84 a short distance away. The large-fruited tree was approximately 3 m tall with a stem about 10 cm in diameter. The tree was quite prolific, bearing hundreds of round fruits 4–6 cm in diameter, much larger than the typical 1 cm fruits of Callery pear. Common pear, Pyrus communis L., the other species that can typically be found in Connecticut (Dreyer et al. 2013), does not have round fruits. The combination of the large size and round shape led to the conclusion that the tree was probably a hybrid of P.3calleryana and P. communis. The fruits of the likely hybrid tree were bitter and astringent and had numerous sclereids, giving the flesh a very gritty texture, traits that confirmed the Callery pear parentage. Catling and Mitrow (2014) reported that several larger-fruited specimens that appear close to P. 3calleryana are known throughout the North American range of the species and hypothesized that these individuals may be hybrids involving P. bretschneideri Rehder or P. communis. While P. communis","PeriodicalId":54454,"journal":{"name":"Rhodora","volume":"122 1","pages":"112 - 113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45587976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W. Nichols, Celia Abrams, S. Young, Janet R. Sullivan, Pete Bowman
Strophostyles helvola (L.) Elliott, an annual vine in the legume family (Fabaceae), is a recently documented species for New Hampshire. Five populations have been discovered in the last seven years in Brentwood, Concord, and Nottingham, towns located in the south-central and southeastern part of the state (Merrimack and Rockingham counties). In New England, S. helvola was previously known from Connecticut, Massachusetts, Maine, and Rhode Island (Consortium of Northeastern Herbaria 2019), where it reaches the northeast edge of its range (Kartesz 2015). In these states, it is found mostly on the coastal plain in nutrient-poor, disturbed, sandy soil (Haines 2011; Seymour 1969) and is considered native except in Maine, where its nativity status is undetermined. More broadly, S. helvola is considered native across its entire range in the eastern United States and Canada (Gleason and Cronquist 1991; Kartesz 2015). It is ranked as uncommon in Michigan (S3–Vulnerable) and rare in Québec (S1S2–Critically Imperiled/
{"title":"Strophostyles helvola (Fabaceae) in New Hampshire","authors":"W. Nichols, Celia Abrams, S. Young, Janet R. Sullivan, Pete Bowman","doi":"10.3119/20-07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3119/20-07","url":null,"abstract":"Strophostyles helvola (L.) Elliott, an annual vine in the legume family (Fabaceae), is a recently documented species for New Hampshire. Five populations have been discovered in the last seven years in Brentwood, Concord, and Nottingham, towns located in the south-central and southeastern part of the state (Merrimack and Rockingham counties). In New England, S. helvola was previously known from Connecticut, Massachusetts, Maine, and Rhode Island (Consortium of Northeastern Herbaria 2019), where it reaches the northeast edge of its range (Kartesz 2015). In these states, it is found mostly on the coastal plain in nutrient-poor, disturbed, sandy soil (Haines 2011; Seymour 1969) and is considered native except in Maine, where its nativity status is undetermined. More broadly, S. helvola is considered native across its entire range in the eastern United States and Canada (Gleason and Cronquist 1991; Kartesz 2015). It is ranked as uncommon in Michigan (S3–Vulnerable) and rare in Québec (S1S2–Critically Imperiled/","PeriodicalId":54454,"journal":{"name":"Rhodora","volume":"122 1","pages":"106 - 111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44023376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT. The forested wetland is one of the most common wetland types in eastern North America and has been subject to substantial changes in legislation, management, and climate in the past fifty years. Despite the predominance of wetland forests on the region's landscape, the contemporary botanical composition of these forests is not well described. We developed a baseline inventory of the vascular plant taxa present in six wetlands across a second-growth forest in southern New England and then compared community composition within and across forested wetlands. Despite similarities in soils, landscape position, and land use history, sites varied significantly from each other in canopy and understory composition. We found that the site-specific nature of wetland plant assemblages overwhelms commonalities between sites. Inventories of common habitats are important for conservation and management concerned with biodiversity, culturally important species, and game and non-game animals.
{"title":"Vascular Plant Diversity of Forested Wetlands in Southern New England","authors":"Laura Green, M. Duguid","doi":"10.3119/19-21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3119/19-21","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT. The forested wetland is one of the most common wetland types in eastern North America and has been subject to substantial changes in legislation, management, and climate in the past fifty years. Despite the predominance of wetland forests on the region's landscape, the contemporary botanical composition of these forests is not well described. We developed a baseline inventory of the vascular plant taxa present in six wetlands across a second-growth forest in southern New England and then compared community composition within and across forested wetlands. Despite similarities in soils, landscape position, and land use history, sites varied significantly from each other in canopy and understory composition. We found that the site-specific nature of wetland plant assemblages overwhelms commonalities between sites. Inventories of common habitats are important for conservation and management concerned with biodiversity, culturally important species, and game and non-game animals.","PeriodicalId":54454,"journal":{"name":"Rhodora","volume":"122 1","pages":"73 - 101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41502464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Plant Collections of William Smith Clark (1826–1886)","authors":"K. Searcy, Tristram G. Seidler","doi":"10.3119/19-26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3119/19-26","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54454,"journal":{"name":"Rhodora","volume":"122 1","pages":"116 - 117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48962404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT. Chromosome numbers are reported for 209 individuals of Solidago altissima from Canada and the United States.
摘要。报道了来自加拿大和美国的209个高一枝孢个体的染色体数目。
{"title":"Chromosome Number Determinations in Solidago altissima (Asteraceae: Astereae)","authors":"J. Morton, Joan Venn, J. C. Semple","doi":"10.3119/20-18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3119/20-18","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT. Chromosome numbers are reported for 209 individuals of Solidago altissima from Canada and the United States.","PeriodicalId":54454,"journal":{"name":"Rhodora","volume":"122 1","pages":"65 - 72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41366718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
On September 5, 2019, a naturalized occurrence of Achillea filipendulina Lam. was discovered near downtown Exeter, New Hampshire, growing on String Bridge (42.9817828N, 70.9455468W). String Bridge crosses the freshwater Exeter River just meters upstream of where the river abruptly becomes tidal and its name changes to the Squamscott River. A single plant with three fruiting stems and one flowering stem was growing out of the cement holding together stonework on the outer, east side of the bridge (Figure 1). Associates included Eutrochium dubium (Willd. ex Poir.) E. E. Lamont, Lythrum salicaria L., and Poa compressa L. This occurrence may have originated from seed in some nearby garden that washed down and was deposited in the cement crack. This is only the second known naturalized location for A. filipendulina in New England (Consortium of Northeastern Herbaria 2019); Frank C. Seymour collected a specimen in 1969 from a naturalized population in clay soil at Mill Pond, Benson, Vermont. A voucher specimen of A. filipendulina from String Bridge was collected and will be deposited at Hodgdon Herbarium (NHA), University of New Hampshire (Nichols NHB-753). Nearby in Exeter on the same date, Odontites vulgaris Moench was found growing on a town-owned dike (42.9863958N, 70.9506048W) that forms a stormwater diversion basin (Clemson Holding Pond) adjacent to the Squamscott River (Figure 2). The dike was owned by the adjacent mills (built in 1827) long before the town took ownership (P. Vlasich, Exeter Town Engineer, pers. comm.). Over 100 plants were scattered on either side of a path along the entire length of the dike (440 meters) in poor dry soil. Odontites vulgaris, an introduced annual native to Europe and Asia, is hemiparasitic on the roots of grass and herb species. The most frequent grasses on the dike were Digitaria ischaemum (Schreb.) Muhl., D. sanguinalis (L.) Scop., Eragrostis frankii C. A. Mey. ex Steud., E. spectabilis (Pursh) Steud., Poa compressa L., Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash, and Sporobolus vaginiflorus
{"title":"Interesting Botanical Finds in Exeter, New Hampshire","authors":"W. Nichols","doi":"10.3119/20-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3119/20-02","url":null,"abstract":"On September 5, 2019, a naturalized occurrence of Achillea filipendulina Lam. was discovered near downtown Exeter, New Hampshire, growing on String Bridge (42.9817828N, 70.9455468W). String Bridge crosses the freshwater Exeter River just meters upstream of where the river abruptly becomes tidal and its name changes to the Squamscott River. A single plant with three fruiting stems and one flowering stem was growing out of the cement holding together stonework on the outer, east side of the bridge (Figure 1). Associates included Eutrochium dubium (Willd. ex Poir.) E. E. Lamont, Lythrum salicaria L., and Poa compressa L. This occurrence may have originated from seed in some nearby garden that washed down and was deposited in the cement crack. This is only the second known naturalized location for A. filipendulina in New England (Consortium of Northeastern Herbaria 2019); Frank C. Seymour collected a specimen in 1969 from a naturalized population in clay soil at Mill Pond, Benson, Vermont. A voucher specimen of A. filipendulina from String Bridge was collected and will be deposited at Hodgdon Herbarium (NHA), University of New Hampshire (Nichols NHB-753). Nearby in Exeter on the same date, Odontites vulgaris Moench was found growing on a town-owned dike (42.9863958N, 70.9506048W) that forms a stormwater diversion basin (Clemson Holding Pond) adjacent to the Squamscott River (Figure 2). The dike was owned by the adjacent mills (built in 1827) long before the town took ownership (P. Vlasich, Exeter Town Engineer, pers. comm.). Over 100 plants were scattered on either side of a path along the entire length of the dike (440 meters) in poor dry soil. Odontites vulgaris, an introduced annual native to Europe and Asia, is hemiparasitic on the roots of grass and herb species. The most frequent grasses on the dike were Digitaria ischaemum (Schreb.) Muhl., D. sanguinalis (L.) Scop., Eragrostis frankii C. A. Mey. ex Steud., E. spectabilis (Pursh) Steud., Poa compressa L., Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash, and Sporobolus vaginiflorus","PeriodicalId":54454,"journal":{"name":"Rhodora","volume":"122 1","pages":"102 - 105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44351876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-03DOI: 10.3119/0035-4902-122.989.62
Karen Hirschberg
December 2019. President Jesse Bellemare convened the 1142 meeting of NEBC in the Haller Lecture Hall at Harvard University on Saturday, December 7, 2019. Matt Charpentier introduced the speaker, Dr. Jaclyn Hatala Matthes, who is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Biological Sciences, Wellesley College, Wellesley, Massachusetts. Her presentation was titled, ‘‘Forecasting the Ecosystem Impacts of Invasive Insects in Northeastern U.S. Forests.’’ Dr. Matthes studies herbivory and its effect on net primary productivity in forests, particularly the effect on the carbon cycle and CO2 sequestration. Forest insects and pathogens (FIPs) are transported around the globe through trade networks and thus introduced into new habitats (for example, accidentally in shipping pallets) where native plants lack defenses against them. These FIPs may reduce ecosystem services, create shifts in the invaded ecosystem and have high economic costs, yet they are not often represented in ecosystem models. Dr. Matthes believes that forecasting impacts of FIPs can provide foresight into ecosystem changes and facilitate adaptive management. An ecological forecast provides a near-term future prediction using models that can be iteratively updated as new data are available. The information is useful for planning adaptive management and for testing hypotheses so that better predictions can be made. Using data from remotely sensed imagery and field surveys, a dynamic vegetation model simulates competitive demography of tree species and predicts rates of spread and future forest structure. FIPs are grouped functionally based on how they disrupt carbon flows (defoliators, phloem feeders, xylem disrupters root rot and stem rot) in forest trees. Dr. Matthes presented two case studies in the northeast (a hotspot of diversity for introduced pests) that illustrate how she and her collaborators are using this approach to understand the impact of FIPs. In one study, she is forecasting the near-term impacts of the 2015–2018 gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) outbreak in southern New England. The gypsy moth is a defoliator introduced to the US in 1869 that has periodic population irruptions. Landsat satellite images of defoliated areas show the spread of impacts from western Rhode Island (2016) to large areas of Rhode Island, Connecticut and Massachusetts (2017). Productivity was expressed as a proportion of baseline (no defoliation) for areas that experienced one, two or three sequential years of defoliation between 2015 and 2017. The modeling predicts that sites defoliated for one or two years will mostly recover by 2022, but
{"title":"NEBC Meeting News","authors":"Karen Hirschberg","doi":"10.3119/0035-4902-122.989.62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3119/0035-4902-122.989.62","url":null,"abstract":"December 2019. President Jesse Bellemare convened the 1142 meeting of NEBC in the Haller Lecture Hall at Harvard University on Saturday, December 7, 2019. Matt Charpentier introduced the speaker, Dr. Jaclyn Hatala Matthes, who is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Biological Sciences, Wellesley College, Wellesley, Massachusetts. Her presentation was titled, ‘‘Forecasting the Ecosystem Impacts of Invasive Insects in Northeastern U.S. Forests.’’ Dr. Matthes studies herbivory and its effect on net primary productivity in forests, particularly the effect on the carbon cycle and CO2 sequestration. Forest insects and pathogens (FIPs) are transported around the globe through trade networks and thus introduced into new habitats (for example, accidentally in shipping pallets) where native plants lack defenses against them. These FIPs may reduce ecosystem services, create shifts in the invaded ecosystem and have high economic costs, yet they are not often represented in ecosystem models. Dr. Matthes believes that forecasting impacts of FIPs can provide foresight into ecosystem changes and facilitate adaptive management. An ecological forecast provides a near-term future prediction using models that can be iteratively updated as new data are available. The information is useful for planning adaptive management and for testing hypotheses so that better predictions can be made. Using data from remotely sensed imagery and field surveys, a dynamic vegetation model simulates competitive demography of tree species and predicts rates of spread and future forest structure. FIPs are grouped functionally based on how they disrupt carbon flows (defoliators, phloem feeders, xylem disrupters root rot and stem rot) in forest trees. Dr. Matthes presented two case studies in the northeast (a hotspot of diversity for introduced pests) that illustrate how she and her collaborators are using this approach to understand the impact of FIPs. In one study, she is forecasting the near-term impacts of the 2015–2018 gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) outbreak in southern New England. The gypsy moth is a defoliator introduced to the US in 1869 that has periodic population irruptions. Landsat satellite images of defoliated areas show the spread of impacts from western Rhode Island (2016) to large areas of Rhode Island, Connecticut and Massachusetts (2017). Productivity was expressed as a proportion of baseline (no defoliation) for areas that experienced one, two or three sequential years of defoliation between 2015 and 2017. The modeling predicts that sites defoliated for one or two years will mostly recover by 2022, but","PeriodicalId":54454,"journal":{"name":"Rhodora","volume":"122 1","pages":"62 - 63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42848660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Inside Back Cover","authors":"Author Not applicable","doi":"10.1039/c9tc90071c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/c9tc90071c","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54454,"journal":{"name":"Rhodora","volume":"123 1","pages":"iii - iii"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1039/c9tc90071c","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48047880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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