Pub Date : 2022-10-05DOI: 10.47280/revfacagron(luz).v39.n4.02
Y. Hernández, Marina García, Rafael Mejías
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is a crop notably affected by various pathogens, including bacterial, and it is important to study the histological changes that they produce to understand the symptoms associated with each disease. The objective of this research was to determine the anatomical changes that occur in potato stems due to the infection caused by Ralstonia solanacearum and Pectobacterium carotovorum. An assay was carried out with 45-day-old plants of the Kennebec variety, which were infiltrated in the basal part of the main stem with a suspension of 108 CFU.mL-1 of R. solanacearum and P. carotovorum, including a control treatment in which the plants were treated with sterile distilled water. Twelve days after inoculation, segments were taken from the second internode of the main stem and they were fixed in FAA (formaldehyde-acetic acid-ethanol 70 %) until processing to obtain cross sections of the stem. In the plants inoculated with R. solancaearum, invasion of the xylem vessels by the bacterium and formation of tyloses in some of them was observed. In the case of P. carotovorum, necrosis in the form of discontinuous bands in the epidermal cells, cortex, vascular cylinder, and pith was observed, as well as obstruction in xylem vessels by the bacteria and tylosis in some of them. The anatomical changes in the stem, induced by the two bacteria studied, are directly linked to the symptomatology of the disease that each of them causes in the potato crop.
{"title":"Anatomical changes caused by Ralstonia solanacearum Smith and Pectobacterium carotovorum (Jones) in Solanum tuberosum L. stems","authors":"Y. Hernández, Marina García, Rafael Mejías","doi":"10.47280/revfacagron(luz).v39.n4.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47280/revfacagron(luz).v39.n4.02","url":null,"abstract":"Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is a crop notably affected by various pathogens, including bacterial, and it is important to study the histological changes that they produce to understand the symptoms associated with each disease. The objective of this research was to determine the anatomical changes that occur in potato stems due to the infection caused by Ralstonia solanacearum and Pectobacterium carotovorum. An assay was carried out with 45-day-old plants of the Kennebec variety, which were infiltrated in the basal part of the main stem with a suspension of 108 CFU.mL-1 of R. solanacearum and P. carotovorum, including a control treatment in which the plants were treated with sterile distilled water. Twelve days after inoculation, segments were taken from the second internode of the main stem and they were fixed in FAA (formaldehyde-acetic acid-ethanol 70 %) until processing to obtain cross sections of the stem. In the plants inoculated with R. solancaearum, invasion of the xylem vessels by the bacterium and formation of tyloses in some of them was observed. In the case of P. carotovorum, necrosis in the form of discontinuous bands in the epidermal cells, cortex, vascular cylinder, and pith was observed, as well as obstruction in xylem vessels by the bacteria and tylosis in some of them. The anatomical changes in the stem, induced by the two bacteria studied, are directly linked to the symptomatology of the disease that each of them causes in the potato crop.","PeriodicalId":54470,"journal":{"name":"Revista De La Facultad De Agronomia De La Universidad Del Zulia","volume":"31 5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84808342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.47280/revfacagron(luz).v39.n4.05
Gonzalo Bolívar, Ernesto Cañarte, Luis Duicela, J. Navarrete
The insect pest Prodiplosis longifila Gagné (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), causes severe losses to the tomato crop in Ecuador, in the provinces of Manabí, Pichincha, Carchi, Cotopaxi, Azuay, and Chimborazo, where the main producing areas of this solanaceous crop in the country are located. The objective of this research was to study the interaction of the incidence of this pest with tomato crop management practices. The evaluations were carried out in twenty-five production units in different cantons of Manabí: in Bolívar (two), Portoviejo (eight), Rocafuerte (five), Santa Ana (one), Sucre (three) and Tosagua (six). Each unit had an area of 2500 m2, where 25 plants were randomly marked and the number of healthy, infested and damaged shoots was recorded, as well as the number of healthy and damaged fruits. In addition, a survey was applied to growers to determine the management practices carried out during the crop cycle. Descriptive analysis, significance tests, hierarchical clustering and chi-square tests were carried out. It was determined that in the cantons of Portoviejo, Tosagua and Rocafuerte, infestations did not exceed 13 % and a severity of up to 15 %, reaching 25 % of damaged fruit in Tosagua. The agronomic practices applied were trellising, drip and gravity irrigation, collection of infested fruit and chemical insecticides. There was an interaction with P. longifila between infested fruit collection and trellising, which influenced its infestation and severity, respectively. These incidences were significantly high at harvest, where highly toxic insecticide applications were substantially increased indiscriminately.
{"title":"Interaction between the incidence of Prodiplosis longifila Gagné (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) and management practices in tomato crops in Manabí, Ecuador","authors":"Gonzalo Bolívar, Ernesto Cañarte, Luis Duicela, J. Navarrete","doi":"10.47280/revfacagron(luz).v39.n4.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47280/revfacagron(luz).v39.n4.05","url":null,"abstract":"The insect pest Prodiplosis longifila Gagné (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), causes severe losses to the tomato crop in Ecuador, in the provinces of Manabí, Pichincha, Carchi, Cotopaxi, Azuay, and Chimborazo, where the main producing areas of this solanaceous crop in the country are located. The objective of this research was to study the interaction of the incidence of this pest with tomato crop management practices. The evaluations were carried out in twenty-five production units in different cantons of Manabí: in Bolívar (two), Portoviejo (eight), Rocafuerte (five), Santa Ana (one), Sucre (three) and Tosagua (six). Each unit had an area of 2500 m2, where 25 plants were randomly marked and the number of healthy, infested and damaged shoots was recorded, as well as the number of healthy and damaged fruits. In addition, a survey was applied to growers to determine the management practices carried out during the crop cycle. Descriptive analysis, significance tests, hierarchical clustering and chi-square tests were carried out. It was determined that in the cantons of Portoviejo, Tosagua and Rocafuerte, infestations did not exceed 13 % and a severity of up to 15 %, reaching 25 % of damaged fruit in Tosagua. The agronomic practices applied were trellising, drip and gravity irrigation, collection of infested fruit and chemical insecticides. There was an interaction with P. longifila between infested fruit collection and trellising, which influenced its infestation and severity, respectively. These incidences were significantly high at harvest, where highly toxic insecticide applications were substantially increased indiscriminately.","PeriodicalId":54470,"journal":{"name":"Revista De La Facultad De Agronomia De La Universidad Del Zulia","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80210245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-21DOI: 10.47280/revfacagron(luz).v39.n4.01
Carlos Varapizuela-Sánchez, M. Sánchez-Medina, María Pina-Canseco, N. Rosas-Murrieta, A. Pérez-Santiago, I. García-Montalvo
The glyoxalase system plays an important role in various physiological processes in plants when they are subjected to different types of stress, whether physical, chemical or biological. Aspergillus flavus is an aflatoxin-producing fungus that contaminates dry grains, leading to a gradual deterioration of the grains and a significant reduction in their nutritional value. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the activity of the enzyme glyoxalase I (GLX-I) in maize coleoptiles from Oaxaca in response to infection caused by Aspergillus flavus. Nine maize samples from four different races were analyzed. The samples were inoculated with a suspension of Aspergillus flavus spores of known concentration and total protein extraction and quantification were performed on the coleoptiles, and GLX-I activity was determined by quantifying the amount of S-lactoylglutathione produced per minute. In addition, analysis of gene expression by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed. The inoculated maize coleoptiles showed symptoms of infection, color changes and wilting. The concentration of total proteins decreased significantly in the extracts of four samples in the presence of the fungus. In the GLX-I analysis, two samples had the highest enzymatic activity in the infected coleoptile extract with respect to the healthy one, in addition to presenting greater expression of the gene in the RT-PCR assay, this due to the response to Aspergillus flavus infection.
{"title":"Glyoxalase I (GLX-I) analysis in native maize from Oaxaca, Mexico, infected with Aspergillus\u0000flavus in vitro","authors":"Carlos Varapizuela-Sánchez, M. Sánchez-Medina, María Pina-Canseco, N. Rosas-Murrieta, A. Pérez-Santiago, I. García-Montalvo","doi":"10.47280/revfacagron(luz).v39.n4.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47280/revfacagron(luz).v39.n4.01","url":null,"abstract":"The glyoxalase system plays an important role in various physiological processes in plants when they are subjected to different types of stress, whether physical, chemical or biological. Aspergillus flavus is an aflatoxin-producing fungus that contaminates dry grains, leading to a gradual deterioration of the grains and a significant reduction in their nutritional value. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the activity of the enzyme glyoxalase I (GLX-I) in maize coleoptiles from Oaxaca in response to infection caused by Aspergillus flavus. Nine maize samples from four different races were analyzed. The samples were inoculated with a suspension of Aspergillus flavus spores of known concentration and total protein extraction and quantification were performed on the coleoptiles, and GLX-I activity was determined by quantifying the amount of S-lactoylglutathione produced per minute. In addition, analysis of gene expression by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed. The inoculated maize coleoptiles showed symptoms of infection, color changes and wilting. The concentration of total proteins decreased significantly in the extracts of four samples in the presence of the fungus. In the GLX-I analysis, two samples had the highest enzymatic activity in the infected coleoptile extract with respect to the healthy one, in addition to presenting greater expression of the gene in the RT-PCR assay, this due to the response to Aspergillus flavus infection.","PeriodicalId":54470,"journal":{"name":"Revista De La Facultad De Agronomia De La Universidad Del Zulia","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80895418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-30DOI: 10.47280/revfacagron(luz).v39.n3.11
Miriam Rodríguez-Cabrera, Betzabeth Pérez-Torres, A. Aragón-García, C. Ortíz-García, Vicente Marco Mancebón, J. López-Olguín
The ovicidal activity of ethanol and hexane extracts of Azadirachta indica A. Juss., Trichilia havanensis Jacq., Roldana ehrenbergiana (Klatt) H. Rob. & Brettell, Argemone mexicana L., Schinus molle L. y Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Kunth ex Walp. was evaluated in the laboratory on Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae). The extracts (treatments) were applied by spraying at a concentration of 1,000 mg.L-1 to a known number of eggs (age <18h) on leaf discs of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) (10 leaf discs per treatment), and the percentage of egg mortality was recorded after six days of the treatment. The corrected mortality (percentage) was obtained for each test unit, and a simple ANOVA, followed by multiple comparison of means by the Tukey method (α=0.05), were used to find statistically significant differences between treatment effects. The ethanol and hexane extracts of T. havanensis seeds caused an average corrected egg mortality of 77.7±3.5 and 58.0±3.4 %, respectively, which was significantly higher than the egg mortality caused by the other extracts. The ethanol extracts of the other plant species caused a corrected egg mortality, which ranged from 8.8±9.6 to 42.9±8.3 %, while the corrected mortality of the hexane extracts ranged from 0.2±2.3 to 30.1±4.0 %. The results show that the ethanol extract of T. havanensis seeds has good potential for the development of products with biological activity for the management of T. urticae.
印楝乙醇提取物和己烷提取物的杀卵活性。;哈瓦那毛纤毛虫;罗尔达娜·埃伦伯格安娜(克拉特)h·罗伯。& Brettell, Argemone mexicana L.， Schinus molle L. y Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.)Kunth ex Walp。对荨麻疹叶螨(螨亚纲:叶螨科)进行了室内鉴定。提取物(处理)以浓度为1000mg的喷雾方式施用。L-1对已知数量(年龄<18h)的菜豆(Phaseolus vulgaris L.)叶盘(每次处理10个叶盘)的卵有显著的抑制作用，并在处理6天后记录卵的死亡率。各检验单位的校正死亡率(百分比)，采用简单方差分析，并采用Tukey法进行多重均值比较(α=0.05)，发现治疗效果之间存在统计学差异。乙醇提取物和己烷提取物的校正卵死亡率分别为77.7±3.5%和58.0±3.4%，显著高于其他提取物。其他植物乙醇提取物的校正死亡率在8.8±9.6 ~ 42.9±8.3%之间，而己烷提取物的校正死亡率在0.2±2.3 ~ 30.1±4.0%之间。结果表明，哈瓦那金缕梅种子乙醇提取物具有开发具有生物活性产品的潜力，可用于荨麻疹防治。
{"title":"Evaluation of ovicidal activity of plant extracts on Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari:\u0000Tetranychidae)","authors":"Miriam Rodríguez-Cabrera, Betzabeth Pérez-Torres, A. Aragón-García, C. Ortíz-García, Vicente Marco Mancebón, J. López-Olguín","doi":"10.47280/revfacagron(luz).v39.n3.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47280/revfacagron(luz).v39.n3.11","url":null,"abstract":"The ovicidal activity of ethanol and hexane extracts of Azadirachta indica A. Juss., Trichilia havanensis Jacq., Roldana ehrenbergiana (Klatt) H. Rob. & Brettell, Argemone mexicana L., Schinus molle L. y Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Kunth ex Walp. was evaluated in the laboratory on Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae). The extracts (treatments) were applied by spraying at a concentration of 1,000 mg.L-1 to a known number of eggs (age <18h) on leaf discs of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) (10 leaf discs per treatment), and the percentage of egg mortality was recorded after six days of the treatment. The corrected mortality (percentage) was obtained for each test unit, and a simple ANOVA, followed by multiple comparison of means by the Tukey method (α=0.05), were used to find statistically significant differences between treatment effects. The ethanol and hexane extracts of T. havanensis seeds caused an average corrected egg mortality of 77.7±3.5 and 58.0±3.4 %, respectively, which was significantly higher than the egg mortality caused by the other extracts. The ethanol extracts of the other plant species caused a corrected egg mortality, which ranged from 8.8±9.6 to 42.9±8.3 %, while the corrected mortality of the hexane extracts ranged from 0.2±2.3 to 30.1±4.0 %. The results show that the ethanol extract of T. havanensis seeds has good potential for the development of products with biological activity for the management of T. urticae.","PeriodicalId":54470,"journal":{"name":"Revista De La Facultad De Agronomia De La Universidad Del Zulia","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85915423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-25DOI: 10.47280/revfacagron(luz).v39.n3.10
Wilson Ceiro-Catasú, E. Rueda-Puente, Richard Rondón-Fonseca, Oandis Sosa-Sánchez, R. Holguín-Peña
Wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. nicotianae is one of the most important fungal diseases in tobacco cultivation, being also one of the most difficult to control. The in vitro effectiveness of two poisoning methods was evaluated; sensi-disc (SD) and medium dilution (DMC) to determine the inhibitory effect of four fungicides of different toxicological groups on F. oxysporum isolated from tobacco in different regions of the province of Granma, Cuba. A differential response was observed in the susceptibility levels of all strains tested, regardless of the method of poisoning. The DMC method was more efficient than the SD, observing increases from 4.37 % (S) to 45.57 % (Ip+Pr) with respect to the SD. The highest inhibition values were observed in DMC with mancozeb (100 %), Tz+Az (79.74 %), and Ip+Pr (96.9 %). The greatest effectiveness in sporulation inhibition was with mancozeb by the SD method (0 %). The in vitro inhibitory effect of the fungicides evaluated (alone or in combination) is indicative of the fungicidal effect on the fungus under study and establishes the importance of inhibition methods for the study of fungicides used in management programs of diseases caused by Fusarium spp., in the tobacco growing areas of Cuba and other parts of the world.
烟草枯萎病(Fusarium oxysporum f. sps . nicotianae)是烟草栽培中最重要的真菌病害之一，也是最难防治的病害之一。评价两种中毒方法的体外有效性;采用敏感圆盘法(SD)和培养基稀释法(DMC)测定了4种不同毒理类群的杀菌剂对古巴Granma省不同地区烟草中分离的尖孢镰刀菌的抑菌效果。在所有测试菌株的敏感性水平上观察到不同的反应，无论中毒方法如何。DMC法比SD法更有效，相对于SD从4.37% (S)增加到45.57% (Ip+Pr)。DMC对代铁锌(100%)、Tz+Az(79.74%)和Ip+Pr(96.9%)的抑制值最高。用SD法对产孢抑制效果最好的是代森锰锌(0%)。所评估的杀菌剂(单独或联合使用)的体外抑制效果表明了对所研究真菌的杀真菌效果，并确定了抑制方法对研究杀菌剂在古巴和世界其他地区烟草种植区镰刀菌引起的疾病管理方案中使用的重要性。
{"title":"Growth inhibition of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. nicotianae by two in vitro poisoning methods with fungicides of different toxicological groups","authors":"Wilson Ceiro-Catasú, E. Rueda-Puente, Richard Rondón-Fonseca, Oandis Sosa-Sánchez, R. Holguín-Peña","doi":"10.47280/revfacagron(luz).v39.n3.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47280/revfacagron(luz).v39.n3.10","url":null,"abstract":"Wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. nicotianae is one of the most important fungal diseases in tobacco cultivation, being also one of the most difficult to control. The in vitro effectiveness of two poisoning methods was evaluated; sensi-disc (SD) and medium dilution (DMC) to determine the inhibitory effect of four fungicides of different toxicological groups on F. oxysporum isolated from tobacco in different regions of the province of Granma, Cuba. A differential response was observed in the susceptibility levels of all strains tested, regardless of the method of poisoning. The DMC method was more efficient than the SD, observing increases from 4.37 % (S) to 45.57 % (Ip+Pr) with respect to the SD. The highest inhibition values were observed in DMC with mancozeb (100 %), Tz+Az (79.74 %), and Ip+Pr (96.9 %). The greatest effectiveness in sporulation inhibition was with mancozeb by the SD method (0 %). The in vitro inhibitory effect of the fungicides evaluated (alone or in combination) is indicative of the fungicidal effect on the fungus under study and establishes the importance of inhibition methods for the study of fungicides used in management programs of diseases caused by Fusarium spp., in the tobacco growing areas of Cuba and other parts of the world.","PeriodicalId":54470,"journal":{"name":"Revista De La Facultad De Agronomia De La Universidad Del Zulia","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86883801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-25DOI: 10.47280/revfacagron(luz).v39.n3.09
Silvia Montero-Cedeño, Ernesto Cañarte-Bermudez, José Navarrete-Cedeño, Antonio Pinargote-Borrero, Pedro Sanchez-Hernández
The goal of this study was to evaluate the role of pollinators on the pollination, fertilization and fruit set process in three technological production levels and three reproduction substrates, determinants in cocoa yield. Two pollination techniques (natural and assisted) were compared and as a control, flowers were isolated with antiaphid. Twenty-seven observation units were formed, with three biological replicates. A known number of flowers were evaluated 6, 14, 21 and 36 days after the opening of each flower on marked branches. The number of active flowers, pollinated, fertilized and fruits formed was recorded. Pollinators present in experimental units were collected using yellow sticky cards, then taken to the lab and identified. Pollination occurred up to three days after opening, the flower that remained with the ovary swollen and attached to the branch/stem was considered pollinated. Fertilization was recorded fourteen days after flower opening, fruit set begins after fertilization, an event that was quantified twenty-one days after flower opening. The systems studied did not influence the percentage of pollination, fertilization and fruit formation. However, the substrates did influence pollination, fertilization and fruit set. The assisted pollination technique is significantly superior to natural pollination. The same species of Ceratopogonidae were reported at all three levels and substrates, with genera Forcipomyia and Dasyhelea being the most abundant.
{"title":"Ceratopogonidae: their role in pollination and fertilization at various technological levels of\u0000Theobroma cacao L. production","authors":"Silvia Montero-Cedeño, Ernesto Cañarte-Bermudez, José Navarrete-Cedeño, Antonio Pinargote-Borrero, Pedro Sanchez-Hernández","doi":"10.47280/revfacagron(luz).v39.n3.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47280/revfacagron(luz).v39.n3.09","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of this study was to evaluate the role of pollinators on the pollination, fertilization and fruit set process in three technological production levels and three reproduction substrates, determinants in cocoa yield. Two pollination techniques (natural and assisted) were compared and as a control, flowers were isolated with antiaphid. Twenty-seven observation units were formed, with three biological replicates. A known number of flowers were evaluated 6, 14, 21 and 36 days after the opening of each flower on marked branches. The number of active flowers, pollinated, fertilized and fruits formed was recorded. Pollinators present in experimental units were collected using yellow sticky cards, then taken to the lab and identified. Pollination occurred up to three days after opening, the flower that remained with the ovary swollen and attached to the branch/stem was considered pollinated. Fertilization was recorded fourteen days after flower opening, fruit set begins after fertilization, an event that was quantified twenty-one days after flower opening. The systems studied did not influence the percentage of pollination, fertilization and fruit formation. However, the substrates did influence pollination, fertilization and fruit set. The assisted pollination technique is significantly superior to natural pollination. The same species of Ceratopogonidae were reported at all three levels and substrates, with genera Forcipomyia and Dasyhelea being the most abundant.","PeriodicalId":54470,"journal":{"name":"Revista De La Facultad De Agronomia De La Universidad Del Zulia","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74563718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-23DOI: 10.47280/revfacagron(luz).v39.n3.08
Alex Iván Castro García, Sarly Jácome Reyes
The nutritional values of pigeon pea, lentils and chia are factors to consider promoting nutrition and providing healthy alternatives, seeking to improve people's quality of life. The objective of this research was to evaluate the nutritional contribution, physicochemical, sensory and microbiological parameters of a vegetable meat made from pigeon pea and lentils, fortified with chia and vacuum-packed. Quantitative variables (pH, humidity, proteins, carbohydrates, fats, ashes and fiber), qualitative (color, smell, taste and texture) and microbiologicals (total coliforms, molds and yeasts) were evaluated. The treatments were T1 (55 % lentil, 40 % pigeon pea and 5 % chia), T2 (50 % lentil, 45 % pigeon pea and 5 % chia) T3 (40 % lentil, 55 % pigeon pea and 5 % chia) and T4 (control, 50 % lentil and 50 % pigeon pea). 30 experts were considered for sensory acceptance in terms of color, smell, taste and texture. The vegetable meat from pigeon pea, lentil and chia vacuum-packed, had a great nutritional contribution. T3 had the best values of proteins, carbohydrates, fats, ashes, fiber and acceptable values of pH and humidity, being the best treatment. The lentil used in the highest percentage (T3), obtained greater sensory acceptance, presenting better characteristics in terms of color, smell, flavor and texture, demonstrating positive organoleptic properties in the final product. The microbiological analysis performed showed values that are within the provisions of the respective standard.
{"title":"Evaluation of a vegetable meat made with Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Huth), Lentils\u0000(Lens culinaris Medik) and Chia (Salvia hispanica L.)","authors":"Alex Iván Castro García, Sarly Jácome Reyes","doi":"10.47280/revfacagron(luz).v39.n3.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47280/revfacagron(luz).v39.n3.08","url":null,"abstract":"The nutritional values of pigeon pea, lentils and chia are factors to consider promoting nutrition and providing healthy alternatives, seeking to improve people's quality of life. The objective of this research was to evaluate the nutritional contribution, physicochemical, sensory and microbiological parameters of a vegetable meat made from pigeon pea and lentils, fortified with chia and vacuum-packed. Quantitative variables (pH, humidity, proteins, carbohydrates, fats, ashes and fiber), qualitative (color, smell, taste and texture) and microbiologicals (total coliforms, molds and yeasts) were evaluated. The treatments were T1 (55 % lentil, 40 % pigeon pea and 5 % chia), T2 (50 % lentil, 45 % pigeon pea and 5 % chia) T3 (40 % lentil, 55 % pigeon pea and 5 % chia) and T4 (control, 50 % lentil and 50 % pigeon pea). 30 experts were considered for sensory acceptance in terms of color, smell, taste and texture. The vegetable meat from pigeon pea, lentil and chia vacuum-packed, had a great nutritional contribution. T3 had the best values of proteins, carbohydrates, fats, ashes, fiber and acceptable values of pH and humidity, being the best treatment. The lentil used in the highest percentage (T3), obtained greater sensory acceptance, presenting better characteristics in terms of color, smell, flavor and texture, demonstrating positive organoleptic properties in the final product. The microbiological analysis performed showed values that are within the provisions of the respective standard.","PeriodicalId":54470,"journal":{"name":"Revista De La Facultad De Agronomia De La Universidad Del Zulia","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91120060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-22DOI: 10.47280//revfacagron(luz).v38.n3.07
B. Boumaaza, M. Benada, S. Boudalia, I. Benzohra, Abdelhamid Gacemi, Omar Khaladi, M. Benkhelifa
Thyme (Thymus sp.), a medicinal plant of the family Lamiaceae, is used in traditional medicine, contains a wide array of medicinally active components, in their great majority of a rather complex mixture of thymol, ρ-Cymene, γ-Terpinene, β-Caryophyllen, etc. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Thymus vulgaris extract against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp.radicis-lycopersici strain under saline conditions, assuming soil with high salt content of the arid regions. Essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation technique using a Clevenger apparatus. The essential oil compounds were identified by GC-MS analysis. Antifungal activity of essential oil against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici was investigated by agar dilution method. The main constituents of thyme essential oil were thymol (76.96 %), ρ-cymene (9.89 %) and γ-Terpinene (1.92 %). Essential oil from Thymus resented high in vitro activity, in controlling conidial germination and mycelial growth. However, the oil was significantly not active against the spore production under a salinity medium. The results showed that mycelial growth was stimulated in concentrations with 0.6 -1.5 %. In contrast, it was significantly reduced at a higher concentration (2 %). The application of NaCl caused a significant increase in the conidia production at various concentrations tested. NaCl has a minor inhibitory effect on conidial germination only when the concentration was 2 %. The results of this study indicate that salinity decreases the efficacy of essential oil against the pathogen.
{"title":"Effect of salinity levels on antifungal activity of essential oil from Thymus against Fusarium\u0000oxysporum","authors":"B. Boumaaza, M. Benada, S. Boudalia, I. Benzohra, Abdelhamid Gacemi, Omar Khaladi, M. Benkhelifa","doi":"10.47280//revfacagron(luz).v38.n3.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47280//revfacagron(luz).v38.n3.07","url":null,"abstract":"Thyme (Thymus sp.), a medicinal plant of the family Lamiaceae, is used in traditional medicine, contains a wide array of medicinally active components, in their great majority of a rather complex mixture of thymol, ρ-Cymene, γ-Terpinene, β-Caryophyllen, etc. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Thymus vulgaris extract against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp.radicis-lycopersici strain under saline conditions, assuming soil with high salt content of the arid regions. Essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation technique using a Clevenger apparatus. The essential oil compounds were identified by GC-MS analysis. Antifungal activity of essential oil against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici was investigated by agar dilution method. The main constituents of thyme essential oil were thymol (76.96 %), ρ-cymene (9.89 %) and γ-Terpinene (1.92 %). Essential oil from Thymus resented high in vitro activity, in controlling conidial germination and mycelial growth. However, the oil was significantly not active against the spore production under a salinity medium. The results showed that mycelial growth was stimulated in concentrations with 0.6 -1.5 %. In contrast, it was significantly reduced at a higher concentration (2 %). The application of NaCl caused a significant increase in the conidia production at various concentrations tested. NaCl has a minor inhibitory effect on conidial germination only when the concentration was 2 %. The results of this study indicate that salinity decreases the efficacy of essential oil against the pathogen.","PeriodicalId":54470,"journal":{"name":"Revista De La Facultad De Agronomia De La Universidad Del Zulia","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82680268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-22DOI: 10.47280/revfacagron(luz).v39.n3.06
J. Aguilar-Luna, J. Loeza-Corte, E. Díaz-López
The increase in water scarcity leads to consider the understanding of staple crops under these conditions, coupled with this, the positive responses of salicylic acid in different crops, may be an option in bringing to fruition the cultivation of runner bean (Phaseolus coccineus). This study evaluated the effect of salicylic acid (SA) on the biochemical responses in P. coccineus, with humidity restriction in the periods from January to July 2019 and 2020, at the Benemerita Autonomous University of Puebla, Mexico. The research consisted of three levels of drought: 30, 60 and 100% soil moisture; five levels of SA: 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mM; and two levels of fertilization: non-fertilizer and fertilizer [(00-60-30) at sowing + (30N) foliar nitrogen at grain filling stage] for the two growing periods. The experimental design was in factorial random blocks with five replications. The results showed that the foliar application with 1.5 mM of SA maintained the highest relative water content in leaves (89.05%), as well as chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids (2.20, 1.11 and 0.90 µg.mL-1, respectively); of glycinebetaine (24.80 µmol.g-1 DW) and total soluble sugars (31.15 mg eq.glucose g-1 DW), excluding proline. The SA did not increase the protein fractions, even in plants with fertilizer; but the positive effects of SA were greater in plants without hydric stress and with fertilization.
水资源短缺的增加促使人们考虑在这些条件下对主要作物的理解，再加上水杨酸在不同作物中的积极反应，可能是实现菜豆(Phaseolus coccineus)种植的一种选择。本研究在墨西哥普埃布拉的Benemerita自治大学评估了水杨酸(SA)对2019年1月至7月和2020年湿度限制期间链球菌(P. coccineus)生化反应的影响。研究包括三个干旱水平:30%、60%和100%土壤湿度;5个SA水平:0、0.5、1.0、1.5、2.0 mM;两个生育期分别施用不施肥和施肥[播种期(00-60-30)+灌浆期(30N)叶面氮肥]两个水平。试验设计为阶乘随机区，重复5次。结果表明，叶面施用1.5 mM SA时，叶片相对含水量最高(89.05%)，叶绿素a、b和类胡萝卜素含量分别为2.20、1.11和0.90µg;分别mL-1);24.80µmol。g-1 DW)和总可溶性糖(31.15 mg当量葡萄糖g-1 DW)，不包括脯氨酸。即使在施过肥料的植株上，SA也没有增加蛋白质含量;但在没有水分胁迫和有施肥的植株上，SA的积极作用更大。
{"title":"Interactive effect of moisture restriction and salicylic acid on biochemical responses in\u0000Phaseolus coccineus","authors":"J. Aguilar-Luna, J. Loeza-Corte, E. Díaz-López","doi":"10.47280/revfacagron(luz).v39.n3.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47280/revfacagron(luz).v39.n3.06","url":null,"abstract":"The increase in water scarcity leads to consider the understanding of staple crops under these conditions, coupled with this, the positive responses of salicylic acid in different crops, may be an option in bringing to fruition the cultivation of runner bean (Phaseolus coccineus). This study evaluated the effect of salicylic acid (SA) on the biochemical responses in P. coccineus, with humidity restriction in the periods from January to July 2019 and 2020, at the Benemerita Autonomous University of Puebla, Mexico. The research consisted of three levels of drought: 30, 60 and 100% soil moisture; five levels of SA: 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mM; and two levels of fertilization: non-fertilizer and fertilizer [(00-60-30) at sowing + (30N) foliar nitrogen at grain filling stage] for the two growing periods. The experimental design was in factorial random blocks with five replications. The results showed that the foliar application with 1.5 mM of SA maintained the highest relative water content in leaves (89.05%), as well as chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids (2.20, 1.11 and 0.90 µg.mL-1, respectively); of glycinebetaine (24.80 µmol.g-1 DW) and total soluble sugars (31.15 mg eq.glucose g-1 DW), excluding proline. The SA did not increase the protein fractions, even in plants with fertilizer; but the positive effects of SA were greater in plants without hydric stress and with fertilization.","PeriodicalId":54470,"journal":{"name":"Revista De La Facultad De Agronomia De La Universidad Del Zulia","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80012829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-04DOI: 10.47280/revfacagron(luz).v39.n3.05
Jorge Castillo-Martínez, F. Hernández-Rosas, M. Ríos-Corripio, E. Varela-Santos, M. Lizardi-Jiménez, R. Hernández-Martínez
In Mexico, sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is one of the most notable agrifood crops, due to the economic importance it represents, sucrose and ethanol are systematically produced from it. However, a modernization scheme is currently required through productive diversification, valorizing and taking advantage of the generated co-products. In this scheme, the production of lactic acid is proposed, which generates added value and has potential demand in different industries such as food and pharmaceuticals. Therefore, the objective of this research was to evaluate factors that determine potential supply of lactic acid, if it were produced using bagasse and molasses generated in 18 sugar mills located in four sugarcane regions in Veracruz, Mexico. Statistical methods of panel data analysis were applied by estimating five econometric models, using the factors that can determine such supply. Analysis results indicated that the four sugarcane regions have lactic acid production potential, highlighting the Papaloapan-Gulf (2.6 million t) and Cordoba-Gulf (1.6 million t) regions. Factors that influenced or determined supply were: harvest duration, lactic acid import price, the number of co-products and by-products, the harvested area and the average of schooling level. In conclusion, the sugar agroindustry in Veracruz has the potential to diversify its production through the co-production of lactic acid in the context of a deficit trade balance.
{"title":"Potential supply of lactic acid as a diversification alternative of the sugar agro-industry in\u0000Veracruz, Mexico","authors":"Jorge Castillo-Martínez, F. Hernández-Rosas, M. Ríos-Corripio, E. Varela-Santos, M. Lizardi-Jiménez, R. Hernández-Martínez","doi":"10.47280/revfacagron(luz).v39.n3.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47280/revfacagron(luz).v39.n3.05","url":null,"abstract":"In Mexico, sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is one of the most notable agrifood crops, due to the economic importance it represents, sucrose and ethanol are systematically produced from it. However, a modernization scheme is currently required through productive diversification, valorizing and taking advantage of the generated co-products. In this scheme, the production of lactic acid is proposed, which generates added value and has potential demand in different industries such as food and pharmaceuticals. Therefore, the objective of this research was to evaluate factors that determine potential supply of lactic acid, if it were produced using bagasse and molasses generated in 18 sugar mills located in four sugarcane regions in Veracruz, Mexico. Statistical methods of panel data analysis were applied by estimating five econometric models, using the factors that can determine such supply. Analysis results indicated that the four sugarcane regions have lactic acid production potential, highlighting the Papaloapan-Gulf (2.6 million t) and Cordoba-Gulf (1.6 million t) regions. Factors that influenced or determined supply were: harvest duration, lactic acid import price, the number of co-products and by-products, the harvested area and the average of schooling level. In conclusion, the sugar agroindustry in Veracruz has the potential to diversify its production through the co-production of lactic acid in the context of a deficit trade balance.","PeriodicalId":54470,"journal":{"name":"Revista De La Facultad De Agronomia De La Universidad Del Zulia","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83488465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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