Abstract Metals (Ms) and metal oxides (MOs) possess a strong tendency to coordinate and combine with organic polymers to form respective metal–polymer frameworks (MPFs) and metal oxide polymer frameworks (MOPFs). MPFs and MOPFs can be regarded as composites of organic polymers. MPFs and MOPFs are widely used for industrial and biological applications including as anticorrosive materials in the aqueous phase as well as in the coating conditions. The presence of the Ms and MOs in the polymer coatings improves the corrosion inhibition potential of MPFs and MOPFs by improving their self-healing properties. The Ms and MOs fill the micropores and cracks through which corrosive species such as water, oxygen, and corrosive ions and salts can diffuse and destroy the coating structures. Therefore, the Ms and MOs enhance the durability as well as the effectiveness of the polymer coatings. The present review article is intended to describe the corrosion inhibition potential of some MPFs and MOPFs of some most frequently utilized transition metal elements such as Ti, Si, Zn, Ce, Ag, and Au. The mechanism of corrosion inhibition of MPFs and MOPFs is also described in the presence and absence of metal and metal oxides.
{"title":"Metals and metal oxides polymer frameworks as advanced anticorrosive materials: design, performance, and future direction","authors":"C. Verma, C. Hussain, M. Quraishi, K. Rhee","doi":"10.1515/revce-2022-0039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/revce-2022-0039","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Metals (Ms) and metal oxides (MOs) possess a strong tendency to coordinate and combine with organic polymers to form respective metal–polymer frameworks (MPFs) and metal oxide polymer frameworks (MOPFs). MPFs and MOPFs can be regarded as composites of organic polymers. MPFs and MOPFs are widely used for industrial and biological applications including as anticorrosive materials in the aqueous phase as well as in the coating conditions. The presence of the Ms and MOs in the polymer coatings improves the corrosion inhibition potential of MPFs and MOPFs by improving their self-healing properties. The Ms and MOs fill the micropores and cracks through which corrosive species such as water, oxygen, and corrosive ions and salts can diffuse and destroy the coating structures. Therefore, the Ms and MOs enhance the durability as well as the effectiveness of the polymer coatings. The present review article is intended to describe the corrosion inhibition potential of some MPFs and MOPFs of some most frequently utilized transition metal elements such as Ti, Si, Zn, Ce, Ag, and Au. The mechanism of corrosion inhibition of MPFs and MOPFs is also described in the presence and absence of metal and metal oxides.","PeriodicalId":54485,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Chemical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47293806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In the production of ethanol, starches are converted into reducing sugars by liquefaction and saccharification processes, which mainly use soluble amylases. These processes are considered wasteful operations as operations to recover the enzymes are not practical economically so immobilizations of amylases to perform both processes appear to be a promising way to obtain more stable and reusable enzymes, to lower costs of enzymatic conversions, and to reduce enzymes degradation/contamination. Although many reviews on enzyme immobilizations are found, they only discuss immobilizations of α-amylase immobilizations on nanoparticles, but other amylases and support types are not well informed or poorly stated. As the knowledge of the developed supports for most amylase immobilizations being used in starch hydrolysis is important, a review describing about their preparations, characteristics, and applications is herewith presented. Based on the results, two major groups were discovered in the last 20 years, which include conventional and magnetic-based supports. Furthermore, several strategies for preparation and immobilization processes, which are more advanced than the previous generation, were also revealed. Although most of the starch hydrolysis processes were conducted in batches, opportunities to develop continuous reactors are offered. However, the continuous operations are difficult to be employed by magnetic-based amylases.
{"title":"The application of conventional or magnetic materials to support immobilization of amylolytic enzymes for batch and continuous operation of starch hydrolysis processes","authors":"L. Hermida, Joni Agustian","doi":"10.1515/revce-2022-0033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/revce-2022-0033","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In the production of ethanol, starches are converted into reducing sugars by liquefaction and saccharification processes, which mainly use soluble amylases. These processes are considered wasteful operations as operations to recover the enzymes are not practical economically so immobilizations of amylases to perform both processes appear to be a promising way to obtain more stable and reusable enzymes, to lower costs of enzymatic conversions, and to reduce enzymes degradation/contamination. Although many reviews on enzyme immobilizations are found, they only discuss immobilizations of α-amylase immobilizations on nanoparticles, but other amylases and support types are not well informed or poorly stated. As the knowledge of the developed supports for most amylase immobilizations being used in starch hydrolysis is important, a review describing about their preparations, characteristics, and applications is herewith presented. Based on the results, two major groups were discovered in the last 20 years, which include conventional and magnetic-based supports. Furthermore, several strategies for preparation and immobilization processes, which are more advanced than the previous generation, were also revealed. Although most of the starch hydrolysis processes were conducted in batches, opportunities to develop continuous reactors are offered. However, the continuous operations are difficult to be employed by magnetic-based amylases.","PeriodicalId":54485,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Chemical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48619177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rahul K. Soni, Eswaraiah Chinthapudi, S. K. Tripathy, M. Bose, P. Goswami
Abstract Steel production is considered as one of the major backbones of many economies. Though blast furnace is the primary route of steel production, the industries are willing to alternatives technologies such as the high temperature-controlled conversion of hematite to magnetite. The geological and mineralogical characteristics of the low-grade iron ores possess difficulties in their conventional enrichment. The literature concludes the advantages of high-temperature conversion in terms of easiness in downstream operations caused by decreased hardness and increased magnetic susceptibility of magnetite. The modelling work has been primarily focused on the direct reduction of iron ore to metallic iron. The present compilation discusses the scientific and engineering developments on the reduction-roasting of iron-ore followed by the CFD–DEM modelling and simulation work performed to reduce iron ore to magnetite. It provides a comprehensive review of the experimental and industrial progress done in the area.
{"title":"Review on the chemical reduction modelling of hematite iron ore to magnetite in fluidized bed reactor","authors":"Rahul K. Soni, Eswaraiah Chinthapudi, S. K. Tripathy, M. Bose, P. Goswami","doi":"10.1515/revce-2022-0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/revce-2022-0021","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Steel production is considered as one of the major backbones of many economies. Though blast furnace is the primary route of steel production, the industries are willing to alternatives technologies such as the high temperature-controlled conversion of hematite to magnetite. The geological and mineralogical characteristics of the low-grade iron ores possess difficulties in their conventional enrichment. The literature concludes the advantages of high-temperature conversion in terms of easiness in downstream operations caused by decreased hardness and increased magnetic susceptibility of magnetite. The modelling work has been primarily focused on the direct reduction of iron ore to metallic iron. The present compilation discusses the scientific and engineering developments on the reduction-roasting of iron-ore followed by the CFD–DEM modelling and simulation work performed to reduce iron ore to magnetite. It provides a comprehensive review of the experimental and industrial progress done in the area.","PeriodicalId":54485,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Chemical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48589257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. I. Din, R. Khalid, Z. Hussain, Muhammad Arshad, S. Khan
Abstract Methyl orange (MO) is a highly carcinogenic and harmful contaminant, which has been extensively reported for its detrimental impact on human and aquatic life. The photodegradation of MO into less toxic products has gained much attention over the past few decades. Herein we have reviewed the recent advancement in designing of nanomaterials (NMs) stabilized on different fabricating assemblies and their application in photocatalysis of MO dye. These photocatalytic systems possess various advantages and disadvantages. Graphene-based supported materials on different NMs are highly reported photocatalysts for photocatalysis of MO dye. Recent advancement, parameters affecting photocatalytic studies, kinetics and photocatalytic mechanism of MO have been thoroughly explained in this review. Future outcomes are also provided for extending the development of scientific research in this field.
{"title":"A critical review on application of organic, inorganic and hybrid nanophotocatalytic assemblies for photocatalysis of methyl orange dye in aqueous medium","authors":"M. I. Din, R. Khalid, Z. Hussain, Muhammad Arshad, S. Khan","doi":"10.1515/revce-2022-0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/revce-2022-0026","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Methyl orange (MO) is a highly carcinogenic and harmful contaminant, which has been extensively reported for its detrimental impact on human and aquatic life. The photodegradation of MO into less toxic products has gained much attention over the past few decades. Herein we have reviewed the recent advancement in designing of nanomaterials (NMs) stabilized on different fabricating assemblies and their application in photocatalysis of MO dye. These photocatalytic systems possess various advantages and disadvantages. Graphene-based supported materials on different NMs are highly reported photocatalysts for photocatalysis of MO dye. Recent advancement, parameters affecting photocatalytic studies, kinetics and photocatalytic mechanism of MO have been thoroughly explained in this review. Future outcomes are also provided for extending the development of scientific research in this field.","PeriodicalId":54485,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Chemical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41781170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hongli Su, A. Nilghaz, Dan Liu, Rashid Mehmood, C. Sorrell, Jingliang Li
Abstract Wastewater recycling is a solution to address the global water shortage. Phenols are major pollutants in wastewater, and they are toxic even at very low concentrations. Advanced oxidation process (AOP) is an emerging technique for the effective degradation and mineralization of phenols into water. Herein, we aim at giving an insight into the current state of the art in persulfate-based AOP for the oxidation of phenols using metal/metal-oxide and carbon-based materials. Special attention has been paid to the design strategies of high-performance catalysts, and their advantages and drawbacks are discussed. Finally, the key challenges that govern the implementation of persulfate-based AOP catalysts in water purification, in terms of cost and environmental friendliness, are summarized and possible solutions are proposed. This work is expected to help the selection of the optimal strategy for treating phenol emissions in real scenarios.
{"title":"Degradation of phenolic pollutants by persulfate-based advanced oxidation processes: metal and carbon-based catalysis","authors":"Hongli Su, A. Nilghaz, Dan Liu, Rashid Mehmood, C. Sorrell, Jingliang Li","doi":"10.1515/revce-2022-0037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/revce-2022-0037","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Wastewater recycling is a solution to address the global water shortage. Phenols are major pollutants in wastewater, and they are toxic even at very low concentrations. Advanced oxidation process (AOP) is an emerging technique for the effective degradation and mineralization of phenols into water. Herein, we aim at giving an insight into the current state of the art in persulfate-based AOP for the oxidation of phenols using metal/metal-oxide and carbon-based materials. Special attention has been paid to the design strategies of high-performance catalysts, and their advantages and drawbacks are discussed. Finally, the key challenges that govern the implementation of persulfate-based AOP catalysts in water purification, in terms of cost and environmental friendliness, are summarized and possible solutions are proposed. This work is expected to help the selection of the optimal strategy for treating phenol emissions in real scenarios.","PeriodicalId":54485,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Chemical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47177381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dariusz Tercki, Beata Orlińska, D. Słotwińska, M. Sajdak
Abstract Pickering emulsions have gained increasing interest because of their unique features, including easy preparation and stability. In contrast to classical emulsions, in Pickering emulsions, the stabilisers are solid micro/nanoparticles that accumulate on the surfaces of liquid phases. In addition to their stability, Pickering emulsions are less toxic and responsive to external stimuli, which make them versatile material that can be flexibly designed for specific applications, e.g., catalysis, pharmaceuticals and new materials. The potential toxicity and adverse impact on the environment of classic emulsions is related to the extractable nature of the water emulsifier. The impacts of some emulsifiers are related to not only their chemical natures but also their stabilities; after base or acid hydrolysis, some emulsifiers can be turned into sulphates and fatty alcohols, which are dangerous to aquatic life. In this paper, recent research on Pickering emulsion preparations is reviewed, with a focus on styrene as one of the main emulsion components. Moreover, the effects of the particle type and morphology and the critical parameters of the emulsion production process on emulsion properties and applications are discussed. Furthermore, the current and prospective applications of Pickering emulsion, such as in lithium-ion batteries and new vaccines, are presented.
{"title":"Pickering emulsions as an alternative to traditional polymers: trends and applications","authors":"Dariusz Tercki, Beata Orlińska, D. Słotwińska, M. Sajdak","doi":"10.1515/revce-2022-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/revce-2022-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Pickering emulsions have gained increasing interest because of their unique features, including easy preparation and stability. In contrast to classical emulsions, in Pickering emulsions, the stabilisers are solid micro/nanoparticles that accumulate on the surfaces of liquid phases. In addition to their stability, Pickering emulsions are less toxic and responsive to external stimuli, which make them versatile material that can be flexibly designed for specific applications, e.g., catalysis, pharmaceuticals and new materials. The potential toxicity and adverse impact on the environment of classic emulsions is related to the extractable nature of the water emulsifier. The impacts of some emulsifiers are related to not only their chemical natures but also their stabilities; after base or acid hydrolysis, some emulsifiers can be turned into sulphates and fatty alcohols, which are dangerous to aquatic life. In this paper, recent research on Pickering emulsion preparations is reviewed, with a focus on styrene as one of the main emulsion components. Moreover, the effects of the particle type and morphology and the critical parameters of the emulsion production process on emulsion properties and applications are discussed. Furthermore, the current and prospective applications of Pickering emulsion, such as in lithium-ion batteries and new vaccines, are presented.","PeriodicalId":54485,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Chemical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47805283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
U. Choudhari, S. Jagtap, N. Ramgir, A. Debnath, K. Muthe
Abstract Heavy metal ions (HMIs) are known to cause severe damages to the human body and ecological environment. And considering the current alarming situation, it is crucial to develop a rapid, sensitive, robust, economical and convenient method for their detection. Screen printed electrochemical technology contributes greatly to this task, and has achieved global attention. It enabled the mass transmission rate and demonstrated ability to control the chemical nature of the measure media. Besides, the technique offers advantages like linear output, quick response, high selectivity, sensitivity and stability along with low power requirement and high signal-to-noise ratio. Recently, the performance of SPEs has been improved employing the most effective and promising method of the incorporation of different nanomaterials into SPEs. Especially, in electrochemical sensors, the incorporation of nanomaterials has gained extensive attention for HMIs detection as it exhibits outstanding features like broad electrochemical window, large surface area, high conductivity, selectivity and stability. The present review focuses on the recent progress in the field of screen-printed electrochemical sensors for HMIs detection using nanomaterials. Different fabrication methods of SPEs and their utilization for real sample analysis of HMIs using various nanomaterials have been extensively discussed. Additionally, advancement made in this field is also discussed taking help of the recent literature.
{"title":"Screen-printed electrochemical sensors for environmental monitoring of heavy metal ion detection","authors":"U. Choudhari, S. Jagtap, N. Ramgir, A. Debnath, K. Muthe","doi":"10.1515/revce-2022-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/revce-2022-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Heavy metal ions (HMIs) are known to cause severe damages to the human body and ecological environment. And considering the current alarming situation, it is crucial to develop a rapid, sensitive, robust, economical and convenient method for their detection. Screen printed electrochemical technology contributes greatly to this task, and has achieved global attention. It enabled the mass transmission rate and demonstrated ability to control the chemical nature of the measure media. Besides, the technique offers advantages like linear output, quick response, high selectivity, sensitivity and stability along with low power requirement and high signal-to-noise ratio. Recently, the performance of SPEs has been improved employing the most effective and promising method of the incorporation of different nanomaterials into SPEs. Especially, in electrochemical sensors, the incorporation of nanomaterials has gained extensive attention for HMIs detection as it exhibits outstanding features like broad electrochemical window, large surface area, high conductivity, selectivity and stability. The present review focuses on the recent progress in the field of screen-printed electrochemical sensors for HMIs detection using nanomaterials. Different fabrication methods of SPEs and their utilization for real sample analysis of HMIs using various nanomaterials have been extensively discussed. Additionally, advancement made in this field is also discussed taking help of the recent literature.","PeriodicalId":54485,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Chemical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45287515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Naseem, M. Tahir, Fatima Farooqi, Suryyia Manzoor, S. Khan
Abstract Alginate extracted from the marine brown algae is a massively utilized biopolymer in multiple fields such as microreactors for the fabrication of metal nanoparticles along with other polymeric and nonpolymeric materials to enhance their mechanical strength. These sodium alginate (Na-Alg)-based fabricated nanocomposites find applications in the field of catalysis and biological treatment as antibacterial/antifungal agent due to the synergistic properties of Na-Alg and fabricated metal nanoparticles (NPs). Na-Alg offers mechanical strength and nanoparticles provide high reactivity due to their small size. Sodium alginate exhibits hydroxyl and carboxylate functional groups that can easily interact with the metal nanoparticles to form composite particles. The research on the preparation of Na-Alg–based nanoparticles and nanoaggregates have been started recently but developed quickly due to their extensive applications in different fields. This review article encircles different methods of preparation of sodium alginate–based metal nanocomposites; analytical techniques reported to monitor the formation of these nanocomposites and used to characterize these nanocomposites as well as applications of these nanocomposites as catalyst, antibacterial, and antifungal agent.
{"title":"Strategies adopted for the preparation of sodium alginate–based nanocomposites and their role as catalytic, antibacterial, and antifungal agents","authors":"K. Naseem, M. Tahir, Fatima Farooqi, Suryyia Manzoor, S. Khan","doi":"10.1515/revce-2022-0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/revce-2022-0016","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Alginate extracted from the marine brown algae is a massively utilized biopolymer in multiple fields such as microreactors for the fabrication of metal nanoparticles along with other polymeric and nonpolymeric materials to enhance their mechanical strength. These sodium alginate (Na-Alg)-based fabricated nanocomposites find applications in the field of catalysis and biological treatment as antibacterial/antifungal agent due to the synergistic properties of Na-Alg and fabricated metal nanoparticles (NPs). Na-Alg offers mechanical strength and nanoparticles provide high reactivity due to their small size. Sodium alginate exhibits hydroxyl and carboxylate functional groups that can easily interact with the metal nanoparticles to form composite particles. The research on the preparation of Na-Alg–based nanoparticles and nanoaggregates have been started recently but developed quickly due to their extensive applications in different fields. This review article encircles different methods of preparation of sodium alginate–based metal nanocomposites; analytical techniques reported to monitor the formation of these nanocomposites and used to characterize these nanocomposites as well as applications of these nanocomposites as catalyst, antibacterial, and antifungal agent.","PeriodicalId":54485,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Chemical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49321396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Bhargava, Shraddha V. Shelke, Mohammed Dilkash, Nivedita S. Chaubal-Durve, P. Patil, Shamraja S. Nadar, Deepali Marghade, M. Tiwari
Abstract The increase in biodiesel production has resulted in the oversupply of glycerol into the market. Purified and processed glycerol has found many direct applications in pharmaceuticals, food, etc. However, the cost of processing and market value of processed glycerol has driven the research of direct utilization of crude glycerol to industrially essential chemicals. Various methods and research have been devoted to using glycerol to produce value-added products separately. Glycerol can undergo several transformation reactions like hydrogenation, oxidation, alcoholysis, and etherification. Etherification of glycerol can be divided into three main reactions: self-etherification, using alcohol, and olefins and these products have vast applications such as fuel additives, plasticizer, etc. The current review presents a comprehensive summary of glycerol etherification to value-added products and their applications. The catalytic system developed along with reaction conditions and the factors responsible for the better activity is also discussed. Overall, the review presents a detailed discussion on the catalytic system developed, the utilization of different alcohols and olefins, and the application of products. Moreover, the environmental and economic aspects of the etherification of glycerol via various conversion routes while assessing the process parameters needs to be tackled to attain wider adoption of the process.
{"title":"A comprehensive review on catalytic etherification of glycerol to value-added products","authors":"A. Bhargava, Shraddha V. Shelke, Mohammed Dilkash, Nivedita S. Chaubal-Durve, P. Patil, Shamraja S. Nadar, Deepali Marghade, M. Tiwari","doi":"10.1515/revce-2021-0074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/revce-2021-0074","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The increase in biodiesel production has resulted in the oversupply of glycerol into the market. Purified and processed glycerol has found many direct applications in pharmaceuticals, food, etc. However, the cost of processing and market value of processed glycerol has driven the research of direct utilization of crude glycerol to industrially essential chemicals. Various methods and research have been devoted to using glycerol to produce value-added products separately. Glycerol can undergo several transformation reactions like hydrogenation, oxidation, alcoholysis, and etherification. Etherification of glycerol can be divided into three main reactions: self-etherification, using alcohol, and olefins and these products have vast applications such as fuel additives, plasticizer, etc. The current review presents a comprehensive summary of glycerol etherification to value-added products and their applications. The catalytic system developed along with reaction conditions and the factors responsible for the better activity is also discussed. Overall, the review presents a detailed discussion on the catalytic system developed, the utilization of different alcohols and olefins, and the application of products. Moreover, the environmental and economic aspects of the etherification of glycerol via various conversion routes while assessing the process parameters needs to be tackled to attain wider adoption of the process.","PeriodicalId":54485,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Chemical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41667819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Tóth, D. Fozer, P. Mizsey, P. Varbanov, J. Klemeš
Abstract In the chemical industry, a typical problem is the appropriate treatment of the process wastewaters. The biological treatment cannot be usually applied because of the high content of organochemical compounds. However, phsycicochemical methods can significantly contribute to the proper treatment of the process wastewater and usually also allows the recovery of the polluting materials. This phenomenon opens the application area of physicochemical methods for the treatment of process wastewater and can contribute not only to the aims of the circular economy but also to the zero liquid discharge. Besides literature studies, authors’ own results and innovations have been also presented. The treatment strategy for pharmaceutical process wastewater is reviewed in detail, which also serves to point out that hybrid methods can be usually efficient to solve the primary goal–maximum recovery and reuse of polluting materials.
{"title":"Physicochemical methods for process wastewater treatment: powerful tools for circular economy in the chemical industry","authors":"A. Tóth, D. Fozer, P. Mizsey, P. Varbanov, J. Klemeš","doi":"10.1515/revce-2021-0094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/revce-2021-0094","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In the chemical industry, a typical problem is the appropriate treatment of the process wastewaters. The biological treatment cannot be usually applied because of the high content of organochemical compounds. However, phsycicochemical methods can significantly contribute to the proper treatment of the process wastewater and usually also allows the recovery of the polluting materials. This phenomenon opens the application area of physicochemical methods for the treatment of process wastewater and can contribute not only to the aims of the circular economy but also to the zero liquid discharge. Besides literature studies, authors’ own results and innovations have been also presented. The treatment strategy for pharmaceutical process wastewater is reviewed in detail, which also serves to point out that hybrid methods can be usually efficient to solve the primary goal–maximum recovery and reuse of polluting materials.","PeriodicalId":54485,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Chemical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2022-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41590965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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