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State-of-the-art and recent progress in the synthesis of polyurethanes 聚氨酯合成的最新进展
IF 4.7 3区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL Pub Date : 2025-08-04 DOI: 10.1515/revce-2025-0014
Ishwar Sharan, Shishir Sinha, Vimal Chandra Srivastava
Polyurethanes (PUs) are synthetic substances that satisfy the requirements of many industrial applications, such as films, foams, coatings, adhesives, biomedical devices, sealants, composite materials, and elastomers. The polyaddition reaction of isocyanates, categorized as CMR (carcinogenic, mutagenic, and reprotoxic), and polyols produces commercial PUs. As a result of numerous concerns about the toxic and hazardous properties of isocyanates, which limit their utilization, researchers are being encouraged to develop alternative processes for producing PUs. Nonisocyanate polyurethanes (NIPUs) are synthesized using a sustainable and eco-friendly approach to replace the toxic, hazardous, and detrimental characteristics of isocyanates. Among NIPU’s synthesis methods, aminolysis of cyclic carbonates (CCs), transurethanization, ring-opening polymerization (ROP), and rearrangement are included, with aminolysis of CCs emerging as a potential approach. Novel approaches to obtain materials with improved performance, such as functional groups like acrylates, methacrylates, POSS, and epoxies, may be necessary. Consequently, different approaches for hybrid polyhydroxyurethanes (PHUs) and distinct prepolymerization techniques for NIPUs are delineated. This review work is divided into two sections. The initial section focuses entirely on isocyanate-based methodologies for producing commercial PUs, while the subsequent section is exclusively dedicated to synthesizing NIPUs. This review encompasses all methods employed to produce commercial PUs, NIPUs, and H-NIPUs.
聚氨酯(pu)是一种合成物质,可满足许多工业应用的要求,如薄膜、泡沫、涂料、粘合剂、生物医学设备、密封剂、复合材料和弹性体。被归类为CMR(致癌、致突变和生殖毒性)的异氰酸酯和多元醇的多加成反应产生商业脓液。由于对异氰酸酯的有毒和危险特性的许多担忧,限制了它们的利用,因此鼓励研究人员开发生产pu的替代工艺。非异氰酸酯聚氨酯(nipu)是采用可持续和环保的方法合成的,以取代有毒,危险和有害的异氰酸酯特性。NIPU的合成方法包括环碳酸酯(cc)的氨解、氨脲化、开环聚合(ROP)和重排,其中cc的氨解是一种潜在的合成方法。可能需要新的方法来获得具有改进性能的材料,例如丙烯酸酯、甲基丙烯酸酯、POSS和环氧树脂等官能团。因此,混合聚羟基聚氨酯(PHUs)的不同方法和nipu的不同预聚合技术被描绘出来。本次复习工作分为两个部分。最初的部分完全侧重于生产商业pu的基于异氰酸酯的方法,而随后的部分专门用于合成nipu。本文综述了用于生产商用pu、nipu和h - nipu的所有方法。
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引用次数: 0
Advances in reagent systems and mechanisms for desilication from bauxite via flotation 铝土矿浮选脱硅药剂体系及机理研究进展
IF 4.7 3区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL Pub Date : 2025-07-31 DOI: 10.1515/revce-2025-0023
Jinyu Zhang, Yanjun Li, Peng Gao, Shuai Yuan, Wentao Zhou
The imbalance between supply and demand for bauxite resources, coupled with inadequate refining process compatibility, poses significant challenges in fulfilling the raw material requirements for the Bayer process, thereby severely hindering the sustainable development of the aluminum industry in China. Consequently, low alumina-to-silica ratio bauxite necessitates pretreatment to enhance its quality, ensuring compliance with the feedstock specifications of the Bayer process. Flotation technology, emerging as an efficacious desilication pretreatment approach, has garnered considerable attention and demonstrated substantial application potential in bauxite desilication. This study comprehensively analyses the chemical composition and mineralogical characteristics of bauxite, systematically elucidating and contrasting the advantages of direct and reverse flotation collectors and auxiliary reagents. Furthermore, it delves into the distinct mechanisms of action these reagents exhibit with diaspore and aluminosilicate minerals. Building upon this foundation, the study offers insights and projections for future research endeavours in bauxite flotation desilication, which holds profound theoretical significance in addressing the trend of depleting bauxite resources in China.
铝土矿资源供需失衡,再加上精炼工艺兼容性不足,使得拜耳工艺的原料需求难以满足,严重阻碍了中国铝工业的可持续发展。因此,低铝硅比铝土矿需要预处理以提高其质量,确保符合拜耳工艺的原料规格。浮选技术作为一种有效的脱硅预处理方法,在铝土矿脱硅中得到了广泛的关注,并显示出巨大的应用潜力。本研究全面分析了铝土矿的化学组成和矿物学特征,系统阐述和对比了正、反浮选捕收剂和辅助药剂的优势。此外,它还深入研究了这些试剂与一水硬石和铝硅酸盐矿物的不同作用机制。在此基础上,本研究为今后铝土矿浮选脱硅的研究提供了新的思路和展望,对应对中国铝土矿资源枯竭的趋势具有重要的理论意义。
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引用次数: 0
Gravity-driven highly selective ultrafiltration: a sustainable solution for addressing global drinking water scarcity 重力驱动的高选择性超滤:解决全球饮用水短缺的可持续解决方案
IF 4.7 3区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL Pub Date : 2025-06-28 DOI: 10.1515/revce-2024-0040
I Gede Wenten, Khoiruddin Khoiruddin
This review explores the potential of gravity-driven ultrafiltration (GDU) systems as a sustainable solution to global drinking water challenges. Leveraging hydrostatic pressure instead of external energy inputs, GDU systems offer a low-maintenance, cost-effective approach well-suited for decentralized and resource-constrained settings. The paper provides a detailed analysis of the fluid dynamics and transport mechanisms that underpin GDU operation, emphasizing the influence of biofilm formation, membrane morphology, and material selectivity on system performance. Recent advancements in membrane materials have demonstrated significant improvements in antifouling performance, flux stability, and contaminant removal. Innovative membrane designs are also reviewed for their potential to enhance adaptability and multifunctionality. Real-world case studies highlight the operational feasibility and economic advantages of GDU systems, while identifying key barriers such as long-term reliability, feedwater variability, and limited community-based monitoring capacity. Socio-economic considerations, including modular design strategies and institutional engagement, are examined to support scalable implementation. This comprehensive review offers interdisciplinary insights to inform future research, technology development, and policy planning aimed at advancing sustainable water purification solutions worldwide.
本综述探讨了重力驱动超滤(GDU)系统作为全球饮用水挑战的可持续解决方案的潜力。利用静水压力代替外部能源输入,GDU系统提供了一种低维护、低成本的方法,非常适合分散和资源有限的环境。本文详细分析了支撑GDU运行的流体动力学和传输机制,强调了生物膜形成、膜形态和材料选择对系统性能的影响。近年来,膜材料在防污性能、通量稳定性和污染物去除方面取得了重大进展。创新的膜设计也回顾了其增强适应性和多功能性的潜力。实际案例研究强调了GDU系统的运营可行性和经济优势,同时确定了长期可靠性、给水可变性和有限的社区监测能力等关键障碍。社会经济方面的考虑,包括模块化设计策略和机构参与,进行了审查,以支持可扩展的实施。这篇综合综述为未来的研究、技术开发和政策规划提供了跨学科的见解,旨在推动全球可持续的水净化解决方案。
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引用次数: 0
Trends and perspectives in deterministic MINLP optimization for integrated planning, scheduling, control, and design of chemical processes 化学过程综合规划、调度、控制和设计的确定性MINLP优化的趋势和前景
IF 4.7 3区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL Pub Date : 2025-03-28 DOI: 10.1515/revce-2024-0064
David A. Liñán, Luis A. Ricardez-Sandoval
Mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) in chemical engineering originated as a tool for solving optimal process synthesis and design problems. Since then, the application of MINLP has expanded to encompass control and operational decisions that are in line with the arising challenges faced by the industry, e.g., sustainability, competitive markets, and volatile supply chain environments. Nowadays, process plants are transitioning from traditional manufacturing practices to automated solutions able to integrate decision-making within manufacturing enterprises. This paradigm shift aims to increase profits, optimize resource utilization efficiency, promote long-term sustainability, minimize waste, and enhance responsiveness under uncertainties and perturbations. Accordingly, the development of reliable, computationally efficient, and robust MINLP algorithms capable of simultaneously handling process design, planning, scheduling, or control decisions are crucial to achieving Industry 4.0 integration goals. This work explores potential research opportunities and recent advances toward the development of integrated decision-making frameworks, focusing on their underlying state-of-the-art optimization tools. We provide an overview of emerging deterministic MINLP optimization algorithms for simultaneous decision-making problems. Furthermore, we constructively discuss the versatility and limitations of these optimization tools. We also highlight how novel optimization theories, both within and outside the chemical engineering domain, can be incorporated into advanced MINLP frameworks suitable for process integration.
混合整数非线性规划(MINLP)是化工领域的一种解决最优工艺综合和设计问题的工具。从那时起,MINLP的应用已经扩展到包括控制和运营决策,以应对行业面临的挑战,例如可持续性、竞争激烈的市场和不稳定的供应链环境。如今,加工工厂正在从传统的制造实践过渡到能够在制造企业中集成决策的自动化解决方案。这种模式的转变旨在增加利润,优化资源利用效率,促进长期可持续性,最大限度地减少浪费,并提高对不确定性和扰动的响应能力。因此,开发能够同时处理流程设计、规划、调度或控制决策的可靠、计算效率高且稳健的MINLP算法对于实现工业4.0集成目标至关重要。这项工作探讨了潜在的研究机会和综合决策框架发展的最新进展,重点是其潜在的最先进的优化工具。我们提供了新兴的确定性MINLP优化算法的同时决策问题的概述。此外,我们建设性地讨论了这些优化工具的通用性和局限性。我们还强调了如何将化学工程领域内外的新优化理论纳入适合过程集成的先进MINLP框架。
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引用次数: 0
Self-heat recuperation (SHR) theory: principle and applications 自热回热理论:原理与应用
IF 4.7 3区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL Pub Date : 2025-03-24 DOI: 10.1515/revce-2024-0038
Zhonglin Zhang, Qiwang Hou, Peirui Li, Zhaolun Wen, Xueer Pan, Xiaogang Hao, Guoqing Guan
To alleviate the global climate changes driven by the utilization of carbon-based fuel, various countries of the world have put in more efforts in developing corresponding technologies that can curb global warming and reduce the use of fossil fuels in recent years. Self-heat recuperation (SHR) is a new energy-saving technology that guides the development of energy-consuming systems. Based on the theory of exergy recovery, SHR can minimize energy requirements and optimize energy structure. According to this theory, the heat of the whole process could be recycled into its designed exergy recovery process and circulated within the process without requiring additional heat sources. Herein, first, we introduce three principal analyses (energy analysis, exergy analysis, and entransy analysis) of SHR theory and its applications in distillation, drying, absorption, and other areas. Then, the advantages and existing issues of these applications are summarized in details. Finally, it is proposed that the future development direction for SHR theory should involve the integration of SHR with other energy-saving technologies for optimizing the energy-saving design and improving its industrial applications. This approach can help to achieve cascade energy utilization at the system level.
为了缓解碳基燃料使用带来的全球气候变化,近年来世界各国都在加大力度开发相应的技术,以遏制全球变暖,减少化石燃料的使用。自热回收(SHR)是一种新型的节能技术,它指导着耗能系统的发展。基于火用回收理论,SHR可以实现能量需求最小化和能量结构优化。根据这一理论,整个过程的热量可以回收到其设计的火用回收过程中,并在过程中循环,而不需要额外的热源。本文首先介绍了SHR理论的三种主要分析方法(能量分析、火用分析和能量分析)及其在蒸馏、干燥、吸收等领域的应用。然后,详细总结了这些应用的优点和存在的问题。最后,提出了SHR理论未来的发展方向应该是将SHR与其他节能技术相结合,优化节能设计,提高SHR的工业应用水平。这种方法可以帮助实现系统级联能源利用。
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引用次数: 0
Hybrid MOF-COF structures for advanced gas separation membranes: a short review of synthesis, performance analysis and application potential 用于先进气体分离膜的MOF-COF混合结构:合成、性能分析及应用潜力综述
IF 4.7 3区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL Pub Date : 2025-03-24 DOI: 10.1515/revce-2024-0088
Maciej Szwast, Daniel Polak
This review examines the application potential of hybrid MOF-COF structures in fabricating advanced membranes for gas separation. MOF-COF membranes demonstrate exceptional gas separation performance, surpassing the Robeson upper bound for several gas mixtures, including H2/CH4, CO2/CH4, CO2/N2 and O2/N2. Key findings indicate that thin-film MOF-COF membranes exhibit remarkable selectivity and permeability, with some hybrids achieving permeance values exceeding 1,000,000 GPU and ideal separation factors over 30. Additionally, mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) containing MOF-COF hybrids show potential for combining mechanical robustness with high separation efficiency, despite challenges in achieving uniform dispersion. Future research should prioritize scaling up production methods, enhancing the mechanical stability of thin films, and improving polymer-hybrid compatibility in MMMs. Experimental validation of theoretical predictions is essential to address discrepancies and unlock the full potential of these materials. MOF-COF hybrids are poised to revolutionize gas separation technologies and offer promising directions for broader applications, including catalysis and energy storage.
本文综述了MOF-COF混合结构在制备先进气体分离膜方面的应用潜力。MOF-COF膜具有优异的气体分离性能,在H2/CH4、CO2/CH4、CO2/N2和O2/N2等多种气体混合物中均超过Robeson上界。关键研究结果表明,薄膜MOF-COF膜具有显著的选择性和渗透性,某些杂化膜的渗透率值超过1,000,000 GPU,理想分离因子超过30。此外,尽管在实现均匀分散方面存在挑战,但含有MOF-COF杂化物的混合基质膜(MMMs)在机械稳健性和高分离效率方面表现出了潜力。未来的研究应优先考虑扩大生产方法,提高薄膜的机械稳定性,以及改善聚合物-杂化在mm中的相容性。理论预测的实验验证对于解决差异和释放这些材料的全部潜力至关重要。MOF-COF混合材料有望彻底改变气体分离技术,并为包括催化和储能在内的更广泛应用提供了有前途的方向。
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引用次数: 0
Accelerating process control and optimization via machine learning 通过机器学习加速过程控制和优化
IF 4.7 3区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL Pub Date : 2025-03-12 DOI: 10.1515/revce-2024-0060
Ilias Mitrai, Prodromos Daoutidis
Process control and optimization have been widely used to solve decision-making problems in chemical engineering applications. However, identifying and tuning the best solution algorithm is challenging and time-consuming. Machine learning tools can be used to automate these steps by learning the behavior of a numerical solver from data. In this paper, we discuss recent advances in (i) the representation of decision-making problems for machine learning tasks, (ii) algorithm selection, and (iii) algorithm configuration for monolithic and decomposition-based algorithms. Finally, we discuss open problems related to the application of machine learning for accelerating process optimization and control.
过程控制和优化已广泛应用于解决化工应用中的决策问题。然而,识别和调优最佳解决方案算法是具有挑战性和耗时的。机器学习工具可以通过从数据中学习数值求解器的行为来自动化这些步骤。在本文中,我们讨论了以下方面的最新进展:(i)机器学习任务决策问题的表示,(ii)算法选择,以及(iii)单片和基于分解的算法的算法配置。最后,我们讨论了与机器学习在加速过程优化和控制中的应用相关的开放问题。
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引用次数: 0
Identifying gaps in practical use of epoxy foam/aerogels: review - solutions and prospects 确定环氧泡沫/气凝胶在实际应用中的差距:回顾-解决方案和展望
IF 4.7 3区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL Pub Date : 2025-03-03 DOI: 10.1515/revce-2024-0044
Tomy Muringayil Joseph, Seitkhan Azat, Ehsan Kianfar, Kunnelveli S. Joshy, Omid Moini Jazani, Amin Esmaeili, Zahed Ahmadi, Józef Haponiuk, Sabu Thomas
Epoxy foam/aerogel materials (EP-AGs) have potential in the aerospace, construction, and energy industries, allowing the development of lightweight high-performance products for a wide range of applications. Research interest in developing EP-AGs is increasing as it has the potential to create greener and more sustainable materials for making various products. Several commercial applications of EP-AGs and techniques for creating, processing, and drying them have already been reported. The introduction of EP-AGs into value-added materials is one of the most promising options but suffers from a lack of knowledge about the relationships between microstructure and properties. The current obstacles to their use in the industrial sector and for applications and challenges related to factory scale-up are also taken into account. EP-AGs are hindered by critical gaps in applicational and processing complexity, such as scaling up from laboratory to large-scale production, optimizing synthesis and processing techniques, and developing standardized testing protocols. The review focuses on the processing complexities and further difficulties associated with EP-AGs to improve casting burdens, cost-effectiveness, and accessibility in various applications. This review also examines the challenges in synthesizing EP-AGs used to make special materials, their practices, and the technological barriers one would face.
环氧泡沫/气凝胶材料(EP-AGs)在航空航天、建筑和能源行业具有巨大潜力,可为各种应用领域开发轻质高性能产品。开发 EP-AGs 的研究兴趣与日俱增,因为它有可能创造出更环保、更可持续的材料,用于制造各种产品。目前已有一些关于 EP-AG 的商业应用以及制造、加工和干燥 EP-AG 的技术的报道。将 EP-AGs 引入高附加值材料是最有前景的选择之一,但由于缺乏对微观结构与性能之间关系的了解,这种方法还存在一些问题。此外,还要考虑到目前在工业领域使用 EP-AGs 的障碍,以及与工厂规模化相关的应用和挑战。EP-AG 在应用和加工复杂性方面的关键差距阻碍了其发展,例如从实验室到大规模生产的放大、合成和加工技术的优化以及标准化测试协议的制定。本综述的重点是 EP-AGs 的加工复杂性和进一步的困难,以改善铸造负担、成本效益和在各种应用中的可及性。本综述还探讨了合成用于制造特殊材料的 EP-AG 所面临的挑战、做法以及可能面临的技术壁垒。
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引用次数: 0
Applications of ionizing irradiation in oil industry: a review 电离辐照在石油工业中的应用综述
IF 4.7 3区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL Pub Date : 2025-02-06 DOI: 10.1515/revce-2024-0072
Ali Taheri, Seyed Pezhman Shirmardi
Ionizing radiation offers unique opportunities for addressing critical challenges in the oil industry, including efficient hydrocarbon processing and environmental remediation. This review highlights the diverse applications of ionizing radiation in oil-related processes, such as cracking, polymerization, desulfurization, and the treatment of oilfield-produced wastewater. By synthesizing findings from recent studies, this paper emphasizes the advantages of radiation technologies in enhancing process efficiency, reducing environmental impact, and supporting sustainable energy production. The necessity of this review lies in bridging knowledge gaps, identifying emerging trends, and fostering the broader adoption of advanced radiation-based technologies in the oil sector.
电离辐射为解决石油行业的关键挑战提供了独特的机会,包括高效的碳氢化合物处理和环境修复。本文综述了电离辐射在石油相关工艺中的应用,如裂解、聚合、脱硫和油田生产废水的处理。本文综合了近年来的研究成果,强调了辐射技术在提高工艺效率、减少环境影响和支持可持续能源生产方面的优势。这项审查的必要性在于弥合知识差距,确定新兴趋势,并促进石油行业更广泛地采用先进的基于辐射的技术。
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引用次数: 0
Particle dynamics in optical tweezer systems 光学镊子系统中的粒子动力学
IF 4.7 3区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL Pub Date : 2025-01-11 DOI: 10.1515/revce-2024-0052
Xinxin Wu, Yueyan Liu, Shangzhong Jin, Mingzhou Yu
The last four decades have witnessed the flourished harvesting in optical tweezers technology, leading to the development of a number of mainstream and emerging disciplines, particularly in physico-chemical processes. In recent years, with the advancement of optical tweezers technology, the study of particle dynamics has been further developed and enhanced. This review presents an overview of the research progress in optical tweezers from the perspective of particle dynamics. It cites relevant theoretical models and mathematical formulas, delves into the principles of mechanics involved in optical tweezers technology, and analyzes the coupling of the particle force field to the optical field in a continuous medium. Through a review of the open literature, this paper highlights historical advances in research on the dynamical behavior of particles since the invention of optical tweezers, including diffusion, aggregation, collisions, and fluid motion. Furthermore, it shows some specific research cases and experimental results in recent years to demonstrate the practical application effects of the combination of particle dynamics and optical tweezers technology in several fields. Finally, it discusses the challenges and constraints facing the field of combining particle technology with optical tweezers technology and prospects potential future research directions and improvements.
过去的四十年见证了光镊技术的蓬勃发展,导致了许多主流和新兴学科的发展,特别是在物理化学过程中。近年来,随着光镊技术的进步,粒子动力学的研究得到了进一步的发展和加强。本文从粒子动力学的角度综述了光镊的研究进展。引用了相关的理论模型和数学公式,深入探讨了光镊技术所涉及的力学原理,分析了连续介质中粒子力场与光场的耦合。本文通过对公开文献的回顾,重点介绍了自光镊发明以来粒子动力学行为研究的历史进展,包括扩散、聚集、碰撞和流体运动。并通过近年来的一些具体研究案例和实验结果,论证了粒子动力学与光镊技术结合在多个领域的实际应用效果。最后,讨论了粒子技术与光镊技术相结合领域面临的挑战和制约因素,并展望了未来可能的研究方向和改进。
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引用次数: 0
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