Pub Date : 2026-02-02DOI: 10.1515/revce-2026-frontmatter2
{"title":"Frontmatter","authors":"","doi":"10.1515/revce-2026-frontmatter2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/revce-2026-frontmatter2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54485,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Chemical Engineering","volume":"147 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146101792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-03DOI: 10.1515/revce-2026-frontmatter1
{"title":"Frontmatter","authors":"","doi":"10.1515/revce-2026-frontmatter1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/revce-2026-frontmatter1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54485,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Chemical Engineering","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145895134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dalia E. Abd-El-Khaled, Mohamed El housse, Abdallah Hadfi, Ali Driouiche
The deposition of inorganic scales is a significant problem in the industrial sector and desalination plants. Due to the crucial importance of injecting chemical inhibitors to mitigate mineral scaling, several testing techniques have been developed to evaluate their performance. The evaluation methods used can be classified as electrochemical, non-electrochemical, or static and dynamic. However, to date, there has been no comprehensive review of the literature that exhaustively groups and compares these different approaches, highlighting their advantages, limitations, and complementarity. To fill this gap, this review outlines these evaluation methods and explores their suitability and limitations in different systems. Furthermore, the review examines whether laboratory evaluation techniques are suitable for use in the field. It covers the main methods established thus far, focusing on determining whether they represent a scaling formation process that occurs in real life. This study concluded that the type of scales precipitated and the field conditions influence the selection of the optimal evaluation method. Furthermore, the use of multiple experiments yields complementary information for a comprehensive study of scale crystallization and inhibition.
{"title":"Assessment techniques for scale inhibitors performance in laboratory and real field: a comprehensive review","authors":"Dalia E. Abd-El-Khaled, Mohamed El housse, Abdallah Hadfi, Ali Driouiche","doi":"10.1515/revce-2025-0035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/revce-2025-0035","url":null,"abstract":"The deposition of inorganic scales is a significant problem in the industrial sector and desalination plants. Due to the crucial importance of injecting chemical inhibitors to mitigate mineral scaling, several testing techniques have been developed to evaluate their performance. The evaluation methods used can be classified as electrochemical, non-electrochemical, or static and dynamic. However, to date, there has been no comprehensive review of the literature that exhaustively groups and compares these different approaches, highlighting their advantages, limitations, and complementarity. To fill this gap, this review outlines these evaluation methods and explores their suitability and limitations in different systems. Furthermore, the review examines whether laboratory evaluation techniques are suitable for use in the field. It covers the main methods established thus far, focusing on determining whether they represent a scaling formation process that occurs in real life. This study concluded that the type of scales precipitated and the field conditions influence the selection of the optimal evaluation method. Furthermore, the use of multiple experiments yields complementary information for a comprehensive study of scale crystallization and inhibition.","PeriodicalId":54485,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Chemical Engineering","volume":"127 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145822760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Karan Sharma, Manishkumar D. Yadav, Abhishek Sharma, Subhankar Bhandari, Srikumar Ghorui, Jyeshtharaj B. Joshi
The rapid accumulation of plastic waste due to its non-biodegradability and increasing global consumption presents a significant environmental challenge. Conventional thermochemical waste management techniques, such as pyrolysis and gasification, offer partial solutions but suffer from secondary pollutant formation, inefficiencies, and scalability issues. Thermal plasma-assisted processes, operating at extreme temperatures of 1,500–5,000 °C, present a promising alternative by leveraging high-energy plasma arcs to achieve complete waste destruction, converting plastic into syngas and inert slag while minimizing hazardous by-products like dioxins and tars. Despite being studied over decades, the commercialization of plasma technologies remains limited due to high capital costs, proprietary technology barriers, and suboptimal reactor designs. The scalability of these systems depends on optimizing energy efficiency and feedstock adaptability, which can be addressed through advanced reactor design. This review systematically evaluates thermal plasma technology for plastic waste treatment through chemical engineering analysis of plasma-specific reaction kinetics under rapid heating conditions, coupled heat/mass modelling in high-temperature reactors, and computational optimization of torch configurations and reactor geometries. Key knowledge gaps are analyzed, including electrode erosion dynamics, plasma gas selection trade-offs, unaddressed radiation effects, and lack of thermal plasma-specific kinetic-modelling and experimentation, while presenting strategies to overcome these limitations through both modeling and experimental approaches.
{"title":"Engineering insights into thermal plasma processing for plastic waste management: a review","authors":"Karan Sharma, Manishkumar D. Yadav, Abhishek Sharma, Subhankar Bhandari, Srikumar Ghorui, Jyeshtharaj B. Joshi","doi":"10.1515/revce-2025-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/revce-2025-0012","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid accumulation of plastic waste due to its non-biodegradability and increasing global consumption presents a significant environmental challenge. Conventional thermochemical waste management techniques, such as pyrolysis and gasification, offer partial solutions but suffer from secondary pollutant formation, inefficiencies, and scalability issues. Thermal plasma-assisted processes, operating at extreme temperatures of 1,500–5,000 °C, present a promising alternative by leveraging high-energy plasma arcs to achieve complete waste destruction, converting plastic into syngas and inert slag while minimizing hazardous by-products like dioxins and tars. Despite being studied over decades, the commercialization of plasma technologies remains limited due to high capital costs, proprietary technology barriers, and suboptimal reactor designs. The scalability of these systems depends on optimizing energy efficiency and feedstock adaptability, which can be addressed through advanced reactor design. This review systematically evaluates thermal plasma technology for plastic waste treatment through chemical engineering analysis of plasma-specific reaction kinetics under rapid heating conditions, coupled heat/mass modelling in high-temperature reactors, and computational optimization of torch configurations and reactor geometries. Key knowledge gaps are analyzed, including electrode erosion dynamics, plasma gas selection trade-offs, unaddressed radiation effects, and lack of thermal plasma-specific kinetic-modelling and experimentation, while presenting strategies to overcome these limitations through both modeling and experimental approaches.","PeriodicalId":54485,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Chemical Engineering","volume":"145 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145610920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ellora Priscille Ndia Ntone, Sunarti Abdul Rahman, Rozaimi Abu Samah, Muhammad Ashraf Fauzi, Eugene Ngwana Ngouangna, Hasrinah Hasbullah, Qusay Fadhil Alsalhy
Access to clean water remains a critical global challenge, underscoring the urgent need for efficient, sustainable, and cost-effective wastewater treatment technologies. Among emerging solutions, graphene-based membranes, particularly those incorporating graphene oxide (GO), have attracted growing attention due to their ultrathin structure, tunable molecular sieving abilities, and oxygen-containing functional groups that enhance adsorption and filtration capabilities. This study presents a comprehensive bibliometric and scientometric analysis of research on GO-enhanced polymeric membranes for advanced wastewater treatment from 2015 to 2025. Key trends in publications and citations are identified, along with leading countries, institutions, authors, and emerging research themes in the field. The review also explores the underlying mechanisms of contaminant removal, including GO mixed matrix membrane (MMMs) synthesis methods, characterization techniques, fabrication techniques, and performance limitations such as fouling and structural instability in aqueous environments. Finally, emerging directions are discussed, including the integration of novel nanomaterials and GO functionalization strategies to improve membrane performance and long-term stability. This study offers valuable insights to guide future research and industrial applications of GO-based MMMs in sustainable water treatment technologies.
{"title":"Advancing wastewater treatment: a review on the cutting-edge graphene oxide-enhanced polymeric membranes","authors":"Ellora Priscille Ndia Ntone, Sunarti Abdul Rahman, Rozaimi Abu Samah, Muhammad Ashraf Fauzi, Eugene Ngwana Ngouangna, Hasrinah Hasbullah, Qusay Fadhil Alsalhy","doi":"10.1515/revce-2025-0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/revce-2025-0016","url":null,"abstract":"Access to clean water remains a critical global challenge, underscoring the urgent need for efficient, sustainable, and cost-effective wastewater treatment technologies. Among emerging solutions, graphene-based membranes, particularly those incorporating graphene oxide (GO), have attracted growing attention due to their ultrathin structure, tunable molecular sieving abilities, and oxygen-containing functional groups that enhance adsorption and filtration capabilities. This study presents a comprehensive bibliometric and scientometric analysis of research on GO-enhanced polymeric membranes for advanced wastewater treatment from 2015 to 2025. Key trends in publications and citations are identified, along with leading countries, institutions, authors, and emerging research themes in the field. The review also explores the underlying mechanisms of contaminant removal, including GO mixed matrix membrane (MMMs) synthesis methods, characterization techniques, fabrication techniques, and performance limitations such as fouling and structural instability in aqueous environments. Finally, emerging directions are discussed, including the integration of novel nanomaterials and GO functionalization strategies to improve membrane performance and long-term stability. This study offers valuable insights to guide future research and industrial applications of GO-based MMMs in sustainable water treatment technologies.","PeriodicalId":54485,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Chemical Engineering","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145491944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-07DOI: 10.1515/revce-2025-frontmatter8
{"title":"Frontmatter","authors":"","doi":"10.1515/revce-2025-frontmatter8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/revce-2025-frontmatter8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54485,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Chemical Engineering","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145454607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andrii Bieliatynskyi, Leila Bouziane, Olena Bakulich, Viacheslav Trachevskyi, Mingyang Ta
The article provides a comprehensive analytical review of the literature on the use of nanoparticles in polymer composite materials aiming at an in-depth analysis of technological approaches to their integration and influence on the structural and functional properties of the polymer matrix. Particular attention is paid to the systematization of modern approaches to the classification of nanofillers by chemical composition and morphological features, as well as to the identification of effective ways to incorporate nanocomponents into the polymer base. This paper deals with the actual problems related to the uniform dispersion of nanoparticles, ensuring stability and effective interfacial interaction in polymer systems, which are critical for achieving the specified performance characteristics of materials. A comparative analysis of nanocomposites using carbon nanotubes, graphene, graphene oxide, nanodispersed silica, aerogels, and other nanostructured modifiers was performed. Optimal choice of nanofiller has been shown to significantly improve the mechanical, thermal, optical, electrical, conductive, and barrier characteristics of composites, which expands their application in fields such as biomedicine, electronics, energy, ecology, and construction. The technological challenges in the scaled-up production of polymer nanocomposites are generalized, and modern studies in nanochemistry and polymer synthesis are examined to outline the perspectives for their development.
{"title":"Technological aspects and problems of using nanoparticles as a modifier of composite materials","authors":"Andrii Bieliatynskyi, Leila Bouziane, Olena Bakulich, Viacheslav Trachevskyi, Mingyang Ta","doi":"10.1515/revce-2025-0037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/revce-2025-0037","url":null,"abstract":"The article provides a comprehensive analytical review of the literature on the use of nanoparticles in polymer composite materials aiming at an in-depth analysis of technological approaches to their integration and influence on the structural and functional properties of the polymer matrix. Particular attention is paid to the systematization of modern approaches to the classification of nanofillers by chemical composition and morphological features, as well as to the identification of effective ways to incorporate nanocomponents into the polymer base. This paper deals with the actual problems related to the uniform dispersion of nanoparticles, ensuring stability and effective interfacial interaction in polymer systems, which are critical for achieving the specified performance characteristics of materials. A comparative analysis of nanocomposites using carbon nanotubes, graphene, graphene oxide, nanodispersed silica, aerogels, and other nanostructured modifiers was performed. Optimal choice of nanofiller has been shown to significantly improve the mechanical, thermal, optical, electrical, conductive, and barrier characteristics of composites, which expands their application in fields such as biomedicine, electronics, energy, ecology, and construction. The technological challenges in the scaled-up production of polymer nanocomposites are generalized, and modern studies in nanochemistry and polymer synthesis are examined to outline the perspectives for their development.","PeriodicalId":54485,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Chemical Engineering","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145454606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tungsten is a rare strategic metal with excellent properties. Scheelite is the main source of tungsten resources, but its low grade, fine embedded particle size and complex associated relationships make its efficient separation from gangue difficult. The surface properties and dissolution characteristics of scheelite, which are similar to calcium-containing minerals such as calcite, fluorite, and garnet, further complicate the separation process. The selection of collectors with strong collection ability and good selectivity for scheelite, as well as depressants with high selectivity for gangue minerals, is crucial. Based on the detailed introduction of scheelite crystal structure, anisotropy, this study comprehensively outlines the types of scheelite flotation collectors and depressants and their action mechanisms, focuses on the performance of new types of scheelite collectors and depressants that have been researched and developed in recent years, elaborates on the application of combined depressants and combined collectors in scheelite flotation, points out the future research direction of high-efficiency collectors and depressants and provides guidance for the development of new chemicals and new processes in scheelite flotation.
{"title":"Review of flotation reagents for scheelite: collectors and depressants","authors":"Jiali Chen, Peng Gao, Jie Liu, Yimin Zhu, Shuai Yuan, Wentao Zhou","doi":"10.1515/revce-2025-0048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/revce-2025-0048","url":null,"abstract":"Tungsten is a rare strategic metal with excellent properties. Scheelite is the main source of tungsten resources, but its low grade, fine embedded particle size and complex associated relationships make its efficient separation from gangue difficult. The surface properties and dissolution characteristics of scheelite, which are similar to calcium-containing minerals such as calcite, fluorite, and garnet, further complicate the separation process. The selection of collectors with strong collection ability and good selectivity for scheelite, as well as depressants with high selectivity for gangue minerals, is crucial. Based on the detailed introduction of scheelite crystal structure, anisotropy, this study comprehensively outlines the types of scheelite flotation collectors and depressants and their action mechanisms, focuses on the performance of new types of scheelite collectors and depressants that have been researched and developed in recent years, elaborates on the application of combined depressants and combined collectors in scheelite flotation, points out the future research direction of high-efficiency collectors and depressants and provides guidance for the development of new chemicals and new processes in scheelite flotation.","PeriodicalId":54485,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Chemical Engineering","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145454608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zahra Gholami, Fatemeh Gholami, Josef Šimek, Mohammadtaghi Vakili
Hydrogen is a key energy carrier for decarbonizing high-emission sectors, supporting the transition to a sustainable energy future. This review evaluates critical hydrogen storage and transportation technologies essential for a hydrogen-powered economy. Storage methods, including compressed gas (350–700 bar), cryogenic liquid (−253 °C), cryo-compressed (−233 °C, 250–350 bar), material-based approaches (e.g., metal hydrides, LOHCs), and underground storage (salt caverns, aquifers), are analyzed for their technical feasibility, energy efficiency, and scalability. Transportation methods, including pipelines (up to 6,000 km), truck/rail (200–700 bar), and maritime shipping (e.g., liquefied hydrogen, ammonia, and LOHCs), are evaluated, with an emphasis on infrastructure requirements and cost optimization. The study emphasizes advancements in integrating green hydrogen with renewable energy, addressing safety concerns (e.g., hydrogen embrittlement, ammonia toxicity, and leakage risks), and technical challenges (e.g., boil-off losses and material durability), to support global decarbonization objectives.
{"title":"Advancing hydrogen infrastructure: a review of storage and transportation solutions for a sustainable future","authors":"Zahra Gholami, Fatemeh Gholami, Josef Šimek, Mohammadtaghi Vakili","doi":"10.1515/revce-2025-0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/revce-2025-0024","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrogen is a key energy carrier for decarbonizing high-emission sectors, supporting the transition to a sustainable energy future. This review evaluates critical hydrogen storage and transportation technologies essential for a hydrogen-powered economy. Storage methods, including compressed gas (350–700 bar), cryogenic liquid (−253 °C), cryo-compressed (−233 °C, 250–350 bar), material-based approaches (e.g., metal hydrides, LOHCs), and underground storage (salt caverns, aquifers), are analyzed for their technical feasibility, energy efficiency, and scalability. Transportation methods, including pipelines (up to 6,000 km), truck/rail (200–700 bar), and maritime shipping (e.g., liquefied hydrogen, ammonia, and LOHCs), are evaluated, with an emphasis on infrastructure requirements and cost optimization. The study emphasizes advancements in integrating green hydrogen with renewable energy, addressing safety concerns (e.g., hydrogen embrittlement, ammonia toxicity, and leakage risks), and technical challenges (e.g., boil-off losses and material durability), to support global decarbonization objectives.","PeriodicalId":54485,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Chemical Engineering","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145405127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dennis Delali Kwesi Wayo, Leonardo Goliatt, Masoud Darvish Ganji
Photocatalytic hydrogen production is a key pathway toward sustainable energy, driven by semiconductors that utilize sunlight for water splitting. This review highlights recent advances in material design, theoretical modeling, and data-driven discovery. Focus is given to visible-light-active semiconductors with optimal band gaps (1.8–2.4 eV), such as BiVO4, g-C3N4, and CdS, which enable efficient redox reactions. Hybrid architectures, including Pt-loaded TiO2 and CdS/ZnS core–shell systems, demonstrate hydrogen evolution rates exceeding 105 mol m−2 s−1. Upconversion nanomaterials based on rare-earth-doped fluorides extend light harvesting into the NIR, enhancing quantum yields when combined with quantum dots. Engineered heterojunctions and carbon-based 2D interfaces improve charge separation and suppress recombination. Thermodynamic parameters such as low overpotentials (<0.3 V) and high absorption coefficients (>105 cm−1) correlate with high catalytic efficiency. Time-dependent simulations and density functional theory (DFT) offer insights into structure–property relationships. Additionally, machine learning models expedite discovery by navigating complex compositional and structural spaces. While integrating theoretical, experimental, and AI-driven approaches, this review presents a framework for the rational design of scalable photocatalysts that meet future energy demands.
{"title":"DFT and hybrid classical–quantum machine learning integration for photocatalyst discovery and hydrogen production","authors":"Dennis Delali Kwesi Wayo, Leonardo Goliatt, Masoud Darvish Ganji","doi":"10.1515/revce-2025-0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/revce-2025-0022","url":null,"abstract":"Photocatalytic hydrogen production is a key pathway toward sustainable energy, driven by semiconductors that utilize sunlight for water splitting. This review highlights recent advances in material design, theoretical modeling, and data-driven discovery. Focus is given to visible-light-active semiconductors with optimal band gaps (1.8–2.4 eV), such as BiVO<jats:sub>4</jats:sub>, g-C<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>N<jats:sub>4</jats:sub>, and CdS, which enable efficient redox reactions. Hybrid architectures, including Pt-loaded TiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> and CdS/ZnS core–shell systems, demonstrate hydrogen evolution rates exceeding 10<jats:sup>5</jats:sup> mol m<jats:sup>−2</jats:sup> s<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>. Upconversion nanomaterials based on rare-earth-doped fluorides extend light harvesting into the NIR, enhancing quantum yields when combined with quantum dots. Engineered heterojunctions and carbon-based 2D interfaces improve charge separation and suppress recombination. Thermodynamic parameters such as low overpotentials (<0.3 V) and high absorption coefficients (>10<jats:sup>5</jats:sup> cm<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>) correlate with high catalytic efficiency. Time-dependent simulations and density functional theory (DFT) offer insights into structure–property relationships. Additionally, machine learning models expedite discovery by navigating complex compositional and structural spaces. While integrating theoretical, experimental, and AI-driven approaches, this review presents a framework for the rational design of scalable photocatalysts that meet future energy demands.","PeriodicalId":54485,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Chemical Engineering","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145181136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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